1、组合练(二)阅读理解阅读七选五语法填空.阅读理解A Long，relaxing bathroom breaks that allow people to read news or visit social media may be coming to an end due to a new toilet seat design that is supposed to make sitting on the toilet for more than seven minutes become uncomfortable. Called the Standard Toilet，the new des
2、ign thought up by English consulting engineer Mahabir Gill slopes(倾斜)at a downward angle of 13 degrees，forcing the person sitting on it to use his leg muscles in order to keep from sliding off.According to its creator，the longest time someone can comfortably sit on such a toilet seat is for 5 to 7 m
3、inutes.Gill said the angle is enough to cause some feelings of strain(绷紧)in the users legs，making them want to get up faster than they would from a horizontal(水平的)toilet seat，but not enough to cause serious health problems.Gill also added that the Standard Toilet would be great for businesses wantin
4、g to maximize employees working hours. The Standard Toilet has already received the backing of the British Toilet Association (BTA)，but has come under fire on social media，where people either joked about ways to “defeat” the design or called it a shame. Gill told Wired Magazine that as a consulting
5、engineer he sometimes discovered workers asleep on the toilet，and he also became increasingly annoyed by queues for public toilets.The final straw came one morning，after a heavy night of drinking，when in desperate need of a toilet，he only found locked cubicles(小隔间)He started working on a solution，an
6、d the Standard Toilet was born. While the sloped toilet apparently offers some health benefits to users，like improving posture and lowering the risk of developing some health problems，Mr.Gill admits that the main purpose of the Standard Toilet is to reduce the financial loss of businesses.语篇解读本文是一篇说
7、明文。在很多上班族眼中，为数不多的福利之一就是自由的如厕时间。这是一个在高压工作环境下享受自我时光的好机会。不过，随着“标准厕所”的诞生，这一切可能很快就会结束。1Why is the Standard Toilet designed at a downward angle of 13 degrees?ATo exercise its users leg muscles.BTo shorten its users bathroom breaks.CTo deal with its users health problems.DTo guarantee its users great comfo
8、rt.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的最后两句可知，“标准厕所”的设计者说，这个角度足以让使用者的腿部肌肉有绷紧感，使他们想要比从水平马桶座上更快地起来。由此可以推断，“标准厕所”的马桶座位被设计成向下倾斜13度是为了缩短使用者的如厕时间。答案：B2What do we know about the Standard Toilet?AIts a controversial subject.BIt has been widely used in companies.CIt has brought huge profits to businesses.DIt will not be availabl
9、e when people use it for over 7 minutes.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，“标准厕所”已经得到了英国厕所协会的支持，但是却在社交媒体上受到了抨击，人们要么开玩笑说如何“击败”这个设计，要么称之为耻辱。由此可以推断，“标准厕所”颇受争议。答案：A3What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?AWhat makes workers less productive in companies.BThe most common problem of using public toilets.CThe biggest advant
10、age of the Standard Toilet.DWhy Gill designed the Standard Toilet.解析：段落大意题。本段主要是介绍了Gill为什么要设计“标准厕所”。答案：D4What can we infer from the text?AGill used to fall asleep on the toilet.BGill used to be heavily addicted to drinking.CGills design is likely to be well received by employers.DGill thinks toilet
11、time reflects a persons health conditions.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句和最后一段可知，“标准厕所”对于那些想最大化员工的工作时间的公司来说是再好不过了，并且Gill也承认“标准厕所”的主要目的是减少企业的财务损失。由此可以推断，他的设计可能会深受雇主的欢迎。答案：CB Is your kid attracted by video games and hanging out with questionable friends？These are common features for involvement in cybercrime(网络犯罪
12、)among other bad behaviors.New research from Michigan State University identified characteristics and genderspecific(针对不同性别的)behaviors in kids that could lead them to become young hackers(电脑黑客) “We know much about the threat of hacking，but the problem is that we dont know exactly when and how hackin
13、g behavior starts，” said Thomas Holt，lead author and MSU cybercrime expert in the School of Criminal Justice.“There is a general understanding that hacking starts in the early teens，but until now we werent clear on background factors，such as behavioral issues，the impact of social connections or pers
14、onality features.Our findings pointed us in the direction of thinking that there are gendered pathways to hacking.” Holt analyzed responses from 50，000 teens from around the world to determine predictors of hacking.The findings，published in Crime & Delinquency，are the first to dig into gendered diff
15、erences from a global data set.“We found that predictors of bad behaviors，like low selfcontrolnot having the ability to hold back when opportunity presents itself，are big factors for computer hacking for both boys and girls，” Holt said.“But for girls，peer associations mattered more.If she has friend
16、s who shoplift or engage in petty forms of crime，shes more likely to be influenced to hack as well.For boys，we found that time spent watching TV or playing computer games was associated with hacking.” Holt explained that the differences between boys and girls were quite clear.For boys and girls，simp
17、ly having opportunities to hack was significant in starting such behavior.This could include having their own bedroom，their own computer or the freedom of doing what they want on the Internet without parental supervision(监督)So its important for parents to understand how kids use tech to help guide t
18、hem on a path that uses their skills in a more positive way.“Parents shouldnt assume that having a kid with complicated technological competence is always totally fine，” Holt said.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，青少年成为黑客有共同的原因，但男孩和女孩成为黑客的原因却不同。5What is the purpose of the new research from Michigan State University
19、?ATo explore gender differences.BTo study how to prevent hacking.CTo show the consequences of hacking.DTo find out behaviors leading to hacking.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，这项研究主要探讨青少年黑客具有的一些行为特征。答案：D6Which of the following causes both boys and girls to hack?ALack of selfcontrol.BLack of playtime.CLack of frien
20、dship.DLack of selfconfidence.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句可知，缺少自制力是男孩和女孩成为黑客的主要原因。答案：A7Who is most likely to be a hacker?AA girl with good knowledge of technology.BA girl negatively influenced by her peers.CA girl addicted to computer games.DA girl who watches TV a lot.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“But for girls，peer assoc
21、iations mattered more.If she has friends who shoplift or engage in petty forms of crime，shes more likely to be influenced to hack as well.”可知，对女孩来说，同伴的影响是她们成为黑客的主要原因。答案：B8What might the researchers advise parents to do?AMonitor their kids performance all the time.BGive kids enough freedom to use the
22、 Internet.CGuide kids to use technology in a positive way.DHelp kids have the ability to solve complex technological problems.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，要防止孩子成为黑客，关键是父母要引导孩子利用好科技。答案：C.阅读七选五Learned optimism is about developing the ability to view the world from a positive point of view._1_ According to resear
23、ch，people who were more optimistic at age 25 were much healthier later between the ages of 45 and 60 than the pessimistic(悲观的)people.Optimistic people tend to live longer._2_ When trying to lose weight，for example，optimists are more likely to focus on positive changes，which will help them reach thei
24、r goals. According to research，in addition to being partly hereditary(遗传的)，optimism levels are also influenced by childhood experiences.Research suggests that it may be beneficial to teach kids optimism skills late enough in childhood，but before the arrival of puberty(青春期)_3_ Teaching children such
25、skills at their young ages might help them avoid psychological problems. _4_ Now lets use an example to show it: Imagine that you recently started a new exercise plan but youre having trouble sticking with it.Then write down the thoughts running through your mind.You might think things like “Maybe I
26、m not strong enough to reach my goals”Meanwhile，ask yourself，“Did such beliefs result in positive actions，or prevent me reaching my goals？” Then you may quickly realize that the negative beliefs make it more difficult to stick with your workout plan._5_ And in this way，youll be left feeling more mot
27、ivated.AThere is an effective approach to becoming optimistic.BThere are many benefits of becoming an optimistic person.CThey dont let it influence their beliefs about their abilities in other areas.DOptimists，on the other hand，expect that good things will happen to them.ENext，try to consider all of
28、 the times that you did successfully finish your workout.FThis is because kids have skills to think about their own thoughts during this period.GAdditionally，optimism can also help you maintain motivation when pursuing goals.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了乐观的好处以及保持乐观的方法。1解析：根据空后内容可知，研究表明，在25岁乐观的人在45岁到60岁之间比悲观的
29、人更健康。乐观的人也更长寿。这些都是成为一个乐观的人的好处，故选B。答案：B2解析：本空所表述的也是乐观的好处之一：乐观也可以帮助你在追求目标时保持动力。本空后的例子用来说明这一点。答案：G3解析：本空承接上文内容。研究表明，在儿童时期足够晚的时候，也就是青春期到来之前，教授孩子乐观的技巧可能是有益的。这是因为在这一时期，孩子们有能力思考自己的想法。由此可判断选F项。答案：F4解析：根据本段内容可知，作者用一个例子来说明“有一个有效的方法可以让你变得乐观”。答案：A5解析：接下来，试着想想所有你成功完成锻炼计划的时候。这样，你会感到更有动力。空后的this way指的是本空所述内容。答案：E.
30、语法填空Leather is a hugely popular material for a range of products，but this 1._ (popular)comes at a price.The global leather industry kills over a billion animals every year.This 2._(cause)many to ask the question: is it possible to meet the global demand of leather without 3._(do)any harm to animals？
31、A process called biofabrication(生物制造)may be the answer.Biofabrication is not new；it is already commonly used in medicine.Scientists have applied the technique to grow body parts like ears，skin，and bones for transplants(移植)But it can also 4._(use)to make other products，such as leather.Scientists will
32、 be able to make biofabricated leather with whatever qualities they want，such as extra softness，greater strength，or even different colors and patterns.But how 5._(exact)does biofabrication work？6._(grow)leather，scientists begin by taking some cells from an animal，not hurting 7._ animal in any way.Th
33、ey then set the cells apart and grow them in a lab.This process takes millions of cells and expands them into billions.Next，the scientists take the cells and spread them out to form thin sheets，8._ are then put together to combine into a little 9._(thick) sheets.Anyone can then dye and finish the le
34、ather and design it in any way they like.Andras Forgacs supports biofabrication.He says it may even be a“natural evolution of manufacturing for mankind”We will be able to make the products we need in an efficient，responsible，10._ creative way.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。全球皮革工业每年会导致超过10亿只动物丧生。是否有可能在不对动物造成任何伤害的情况下来满
35、足全球对皮革的需求呢？一个叫作生物制造的工艺流程可能是答案。1解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，句子缺主语，故用所给词的名词形式popularity。答案：popularity2解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据上文可知，全球皮革工业每年都会导致很多动物丧生，此处强调此现象对现在的影响或者结果，应用现在完成时态，且句子的主语为单数，故填has caused。答案：has caused3解析：考查非谓语动词。without为介词，其后应该用动词的ing形式，故填doing。答案：doing4解析：考查语态。句子的主语it和谓语动词use为被动关系。又因为can为情态动词，其后动词用原形，故填be
36、 used。答案：be used5解析：考查词性转换。设空处应该用副词修饰动词work，故填exactly。答案：exactly6解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，设空处表目的，应用不定式作状语，又因其在句首，故首字母要大写。答案：To grow7解析：考查冠词。空前已经提及an animal，此处应为特指，故填the。答案：the8解析：考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在定语从句中作主语，先行词是thin sheets，指物，故填which。答案：which9解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据句意以及空前的a little可知应用形容词的比较级，故填thicker。答案：thicker10解析：考查连词。空前为两个并列的形容词，空后亦为形容词，且表达的感情色彩与前面一致，故用and连接。答案：and