1、课时作业.阅读A(2019全国卷)For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, NY., today is speech day, and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8yearold is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes nervous. “Im here to tell you today
2、 why you should . should .” Chris trips on the “ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many nonnative English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “. Vote for . me .” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclu
3、sion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second l
4、anguage can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, I dont know, but I want to know.”Whaley got t
5、he idea of this secondgrade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to
6、learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves.“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities，” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小学教师Whaley通过组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信的教学实践。1What made Chris nervous?ATelling a story. BMaking a speech.CTak
7、ing a test. DAnswering a question.答案：B细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“nervous”可定位到第二段第一句，并结合第一段中内容可知，今天是演讲日，现在轮到了Chris，虽然他看起来像那种喜欢在公共场合讲话的孩子，但是他很紧张。由此可知，演讲使Chris紧张。故选B。2What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?AImproper pauses.BBad manners.CSpelling mistakes.DSilly jokes.答案：A词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“yo
8、u should . should .”以及“. Vote for . me .”这样的语句特点可知，Chris的演讲不流畅，也就是说有不适当的停顿。这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语except for的语意相呼应。故选A。3We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to .Ahelp students see their own strengthsBassess students public speaking skillsCprepare students for their futu
9、re jobsDinspire students love for politics答案：A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，他还希望学生学会自夸。A项意为“帮助学生看到自己的长处”，与原文意思相符。故选A。4Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?AHumorous.BAmbitious.CCaring.DDemanding.答案：C推理判断题。文章介绍了Whaley老师通过创办“总统竞选项目”，组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信。根据第二段中的
10、“whispering support”和“. Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him”等细节也可看出Whaley老师是一个关心学生的老师。故选C。【词汇积累】praise v. 表扬；赞扬confident adj. 自信的；确信的campaign n. 运动；竞选 v. 参加竞选come into 进入；得到【难句分析】原文：Whaley got the idea of this secondgrade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one da
11、y to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. 当有一天他让认为自己绝不可能当总统的学生举手的时候，他就打算开启这个二年级的总统竞选项目。 (第五段第一句)分析：本句为主从复合句。主句为“Whaley got the idea of this secondgrade presidential campaign project，”后面“when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could n
12、ever be a president”为when引导的时间状语从句，在这个从句中if引导条件状语从句。B(2018全国卷)Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. Whats the problem? Its possible that w
13、e all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its
14、an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of th
15、e Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, ass
16、ociate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feel
17、ings and a better coffee shop experience. “Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband，” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significa
18、ntly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners，” he says.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。5What phenomen
19、on is described in the first paragraph?AAddiction to smartphones.BInappropriate behaviours in public places.CAbsence of communication between strangers.DImpatience with slow service.答案：C段落大意题。由第一段描述的现象可知，在公共场合(比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上)人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。这种现象说明陌生人之间缺乏交流。故选C项。6What is importa
20、nt for successful small talk according to Carducci?AShowing good manners. BRelating to other people.CFocusing on a topic. DMaking business deals.答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”可知，建立和他人的联系，是成功闲谈(small talk)的
21、关键。relate to “把联系起来”，故选B项。7What does the coffeeshop study suggest about small talk?AIt improves family relationships. BIt raises peoples confidence.CIt matters as much as a formal talk. DIt makes people feel good.答案：D推理判断题。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情感和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意，即闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。8What is
22、 the best title for the text?AConversation Counts BWays of Making Small TalkCBenefits of Small Talk DUncomfortable Silence答案：C标题判断题。根据第二段最后两句，尤其是最后一句中的“its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits”、第三段中的“Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication”及最后一段中的“Small talk is
23、the basis of good manners”可知，全文论述了闲谈的种种好处。故选C项。【词汇积累】invaluable adj. 无价的；非常贵重的benefit n. 利益；好处；救济金communicate with 与交流，沟通significantly adv. 显著地【难句分析】原文：Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. 认为
24、闲谈不重要而不予考虑很容易，但我们不要忘记，如果没有随意的聊天，就不会有深入的人际关系。(第三段第一句)分析：本句为but连接的两个并列句。第一个分句是主系表结构，动名词短语“Dismissing small talk as unimportant”作主语；第二个分句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句，作forget的宾语，宾语从句是虚拟语气。if引导的是虚拟语气中的条件状语从句。C(2020安徽省六安市毛坦厂中学东城校区高三模拟)Pacing and PausingSara tried to befriend her old friend Steves new wife, but Betty
25、never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didnt hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing.Conversation is a turntaking game. When our habits are similar,
26、 theres no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before Im finished or fail to take your turn when Im finished. Thats what was happening with Betty and Sara.It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who
27、 expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.The gener
28、al phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping (思维定势). And these social phenomena ca
29、n have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break inand never found it. Although back home
30、 she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.Thats why slight differences in conversational styletiny little things like microse
31、conds of pausecan have a great effect on ones life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problemseven in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同国家语言交谈的文化差异。9What did Sara think of Be
32、tty when talking with her?ABetty was talkative. BBetty was an interrupter.CBetty did not take her turn. DBetty paid no attention to Sara.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“While Sara felt Betty didnt hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk.”可知，Sara认为Be
33、tty不接她的话。故答案为C。10According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?AAmericans.BIsraelis. CThe British. DThe Finns.答案：B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American
34、. . And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.” 可知，Sara期望对话停顿短些，而Sara却发现在拉丁美洲人和以色列人之间插话很难找到时间。这说明他们之间的说话停顿更短。故答案为B。11We can learn from the passage that .Acommunication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacingBwomen are unfavorably stereotyped in eas
35、tern cities of the USCones inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimesDone should receive training to build up ones confidence答案：C推理判断题。根据第四段列举的一位来自美国西南部的女士到东部城市工作的例子可知，有时一个人被认为交流能力有问题是由文化决定的。故答案为C。12The underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means .Abeing willin
36、g to speak ones mind Bbeing able to increase ones powerCbeing ready to make ones own judgment Dbeing quick to express ones ideas confidently答案：D词义猜测题。在画线的这一段提到了停顿时间长短对人们生活有很大的影响。根据这位女士的经历，她注册的课程应该是培训她“能够快速流利地交流”。故答案为D。【词汇积累】pause v. 暂停；停顿coincidental adj. 巧合的technique n. 技巧；技艺；工艺psychological adj. 心
37、灵的；心理的；精神上的【难句分析】原文：It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American.也许这不是巧合，贝蒂是英国人，她希望在交谈之间的停顿时间相对长一些，而莎拉是美国人，她希望停顿时间相对短一些。(第三段第一句)分析：本句为主从复合句。it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。从句中包含两个who引导的定语从句。
38、.语法填空(2020山西省祁县中学高三月考)We want everyone to respect us. Do we respect everyone around us? The answer is a big NO! We dont respect 1 we think is better than us, we dont respect poor and old people, and we dont respect who we feel is not better 2 us. So how can we win respect? The easiest way 3 (gain) r
39、espect is by giving respect.Winning respect might be difficult but not impossible. Dont use bad language. Being 4 (help) and listening to someone are a sign of giving respect and 5 (win) respect as well. With patience and practice, you can get any kind of virtue.Flowers are the main 6 (attract) of a
40、ny type of decoration and in the same way respect is the beauty of life. Life is terrible 7 respect. Just think whenever you go to a party, every one there is not treated equally. Do you know why? Because of 8 (they) manners.Why are we not treated sometimes as 9 (expect)? Because we do the same to o
41、thers who have expectations from us. Relationship can be healthy if we never cross the walls of respect. Without respect, you cant live. You need respect everywhere, in life, in work, in society or in family. A respected person 10 (speak) politely.1 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了尊重与
42、被尊重之间的关系并告诉我们应该如何赢得他人的尊重。1who考查名词性从句的连接词。空处引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，且主语是人，we think是插入语，不影响句子结构，故应填who。句意：我们不尊重那些我们认为比我们优秀的人。故填who。2than考查介词。根据空前的“better”可知，此处为比较级，故应填介词than。句意：我们不尊重那些我们觉得不如我们的人。故填than。3to gain考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way, the way to do sth.表示“做某事的方法”。句意：获得尊重最简单的方法就是给予尊重。故填to gain。4helpful考查
43、词性转换。由Being可知，此处应填一个形容词，故填形容词形式helpful。故填helpful。5winning考查非谓语动词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故此处用winning作介词of的宾语与giving为并列关系。故填winning。6attraction考查词性转换。根据空前的“the main”可推知，此处应填一个名词，故用名词形式attraction。7without考查介词。根据下文的举例可推知，没有尊重的生活是可怕的，故用介词without，后跟名词respect，表示“如果没有尊重”。故填without。8their考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词manners，在句子中作定语。故填their。9expected考查固定用法。as expected为固定搭配，意为“正如所想的那样”。故填expected。10speaks考查动词的时态和主谓一致。全文时态为一般现在时，故此处也用一般现在时，且主语A respected person 为第三人称单数意义。故填speaks。