1、课时作业.阅读A(2020大同市高三学情调研测试试题)China has become the first country to clone a monkey using nonreproductive cells, reducing the need to keep lab monkeys and paving the way for more accurate, effective, and affordable animal tests for new drugs.By December of 2017, Chinese scientists had created two clone
2、macaques named “Zhong Zhong” and “Hua Hua” by nuclear transfer of somatic cellsany cell in the organism other than reproductive cells. This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996.“Cloning a monkey using somatic cells has been a worldclass challenge because it
3、is a primate (灵长类) that shares its genetic makeup with humans.” Pu Muming said.“For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly, bad for the environment and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes，” Pu said
4、.“By cloning monkeys using somatic cells, we can produce large numbers of genetically identical (相同的) offspring in a short time, and even change their genes to suit our needs，” he added. “This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medi
5、cine.”“This achievement will help China lead the world research in an international science project related to neural (神经的) mapping of primate brains，” he said. “However, biology labs from the United States, Japan, and European countries are also very able, and they will quickly catch up with China
6、after the monkey cloning technology is made public，” Sun Qiang added. “This means we have to innovate continuously and work extra hard this year to stay ahead，” he said.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。中国科学家使用非生殖细胞成功地克隆了猴子，成为世界上第一个使用非生殖细胞克隆灵长类动物的国家。这项科研成果为更准确、更有效、更经济的新药动物试验铺平了道路。1What is special about Chinas cloning m
7、onkey?AIt transferred cells in the lab.BIt creates two monkeys at a time.CIt adopts a method of embryo splitting.DIt uses nonreproductive cells.答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“China has became the first country to clone a monkey using nonreproductive cells”可知，中国克隆猴的特别之处在于其使用了非生殖细胞，故D项正确。2Why do scientists clone m
8、onkeys?ATo keep monkeys from being endangered.BTo test new medicines on them.CTo find the side effects of medicines.DTo find a cure for mental diseases.答案：B推理判断题。根据第四段的内容以及第五段最后一句可知，使用克隆猴可以节约时间，缩减实验费用，产生更精确的结果，进而生产更有效的药物。据此可推知，科学家克隆猴子是为了在它们身上试用新药，故B项正确。3What Sun said in the last paragraph suggests .
9、Athey are determined to catch up with AmericaBthey try to avoid competition from other countriesCthey arent satisfied with what they have achievedDthey have to keep the monkey cloning technology a secret答案：C推理判断题。根据本文末句Sun说的话可知，Sun认为，他们必须不断创新，格外努力工作，以保持技术的先进性。据此可推知，他们并不满足于已取得的成就，故C项正确。【词汇积累】accurate
10、 adj. 正确无误的affordable adj. 多数人支付得起的reproductive adj. 生殖的； 繁殖的genetically adv. 从遗传学角度；从基因方面【难句分析】原文：China has become the first country to clone a monkey using nonreproductive cells, reducing the need to keep lab monkeys and paving the way for more accurate, effective, and affordable animal tests for
11、new drugs.中国已经成为第一个使用非繁殖细胞克隆猴子的国家，这减少了对实验室猴子的需要，为更精确、更有效、更经济的新药动物实验铺平了道路。(第一段)分析：本句为简单句。句中to clone a monkey为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰country；using nonreproductive cells为现在分词短语作方式状语，reducing . lab monkeys和paving . new drugs为现在分词短语作结果状语。B(2019甘肃兰州高三月考)Genetically Modified (GM) food is unfortunately becoming more
12、popular among farmers and food processors. Crops are being genetically modified to resist insects, plant diseases, insecticides (杀虫剂). Plants are also modified to look bigger and better. Unfortunately the end goal isnt providing nutrition for people, its to increase profit margins and to make food l
13、ook better. In fact many modern fruits and vegetables are twice the size of what they used to be while having far less vitamins, and not tasting good either. Now research is showing that genetically modified food might even be bad for you.GM organisms are organisms that have genes inserted into thei
14、r DNA in order to offer certain characteristics. In this way you can make it better, or make it last longer.Jeffrey M Smith has published a study about the dangers of GM food. It was discovered that when GM soy was fed to female rats they found that all their young died within 3 weeks compared to a
15、natural 10% death rate. Their young were also born smaller and they later had problems becoming pregnant. A study of pigs found that they also became infertile (不育) after eating GM corn.Many people are eating GM food without even realizing it. The solution to this problem is simple. Human beings exi
16、sted in their current form for hundreds of thousands of years. For most of that time we ate a diet consisting of meat, fruit, vegetables, fish, eggs and nuts. This is our optimal diet which leads us to live a healthy and long life. But over the last 30 years North America has experienced diabetes, c
17、ancer and heart disease. All due to the misinformation provided by groups who work on behalf of the manufacturers of GM food. The way to avoid obesity, heart disease and cancer is by eating like our stoneage ancestors.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了转基因食品流行的原因以及转基因食品所造成的危害。4According to the author, what ultimate
18、ly inspired the popularity of GM crops?ARich nutrition. BUnique taste.CHigh profits. DEnergy saving.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Unfortunately the end goal isnt providing nutrition for people, its to increase profit margins and to make food look better.”可知，高利润激发了转基因农作物的流行，故选C。5What had we better do if we want
19、 to stay healthy according to the text?AEat more fruit. BBe vegetarians.CEat more grains. DKeep traditional diet.答案：D细节理解题。根据最后一段第三至五句“Human beings existed in their current form for hundreds of thousands of years . to live a healthy and long life.”可知，如果我们想要保持健康，我们最好吃传统的饮食，故选D。6The text is organized
20、in the form of .Atime and events Bcause and effectCreasoning and argument Dcontrast and comparison答案：B推理判断题。本文前两个自然段说明了转基因食品流行的原因，后两个自然段介绍了转基因食品所造成的危害，所以这篇文章是按照原因和结果的形式组织文章的，故选B。7We can infer that the lobby groups (in Paragraph 4) are people who are .Ascientists who give out false information becaus
21、e of carelessnessBdoctors who try to profit from patients who suffer from unhealthy foodCworkers who try to cheat customers for the benefits of food producersDagricultural technicians who are responsible for promoting new product答案：C细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“All due to the misinformation provided by groups
22、who work on behalf of the manufacturers of GM food.”可知，代表转基因食物制造商利益的群体用错误的信息误导消费者，故选C。【词汇积累】unfortunately adv. 不幸地nutrition n. 营养；营养学；营养品increase v. 增加；增大；提高；增强optimal adj. 最佳的；最适宜的on behalf of 代表；为了【难句分析】原文：It was discovered that when GM soy was fed to female rats they found that all their young di
23、ed within 3 weeks compared to a natural 10% death rate. 研究发现，当转基因大豆喂给雌性老鼠时，他们发现这些雌性老鼠的所有幼鼠在3周内死亡，而自然死亡率为10%。(第三段第二句)分析： 本句为主从复合句。句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是第一个that后面的从句。从句中when 引导时间状语从句；第二个that引导宾语从句，作found的宾语，that在从句中不作成分。C(2020南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题)As life in cities worldwide becomes more expensive, urban designer
24、s are using modern technology to help citizens avoid traffic jams, and shorten the time needed for bus waiting and other things. Technology is also used to cut costly waste.In Santander, a Spanish port city, parking is easy to find. As one car drives away, an underground sensor shows that a parking
25、space is now free. 400 sensors send messages to signs on streets, and GPS devices direct drivers to the nearest available parking spaces, reducing traffic jams. Trash is collected only when the bins are full and bus stop signs show exactly when the next bus is coming. The public parks are watered on
26、ly when the soil gets dry. All this is made possible by 20, 000 sensors installed on buildings, street posts and even buses. They are part of the “smart city” project, launched by the University of Cantabria seven years ago.University researchers like Luis Munoz regularly meet with locals to discuss
27、 how to make their city even smarter. “They propose their ideas and sometimes even develop them by themselves. Here, we give them the opportunity to see these ideas happen in real life，” said Munoz. For example, the university helped a woman create an app that outlines the easiest route for walking
28、with a baby stroller. Another provides information to residents about their water consumption and sends an alarm to their phone if there is a leak.The Santander smart project is attracting the attention of larger cities in Europe and elsewhere that are looking for smart solutions to urban problems.篇
29、章导读：本文是一篇说明文。传感器、GPS定位等现代科技手段帮助西班牙的港口城市桑坦德避免了交通拥堵、缩短等车时间、减少资源浪费等，这种做法正在吸引欧洲的大城市以及其他更多地方的注意力，他们都在寻找解决城市问题的智能方案。8What is the life like in Santander?AIt is meaningful.BIt is full of freedom.CIt is likely to change fast.DIt is efficient and convenient.答案：D推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词in Santander定位到文章的第二段。根据该段中的内容，尤其
30、是“parking is easy to find” “Trash is collected only . gets day.”可推知，在桑坦德的生活是高效方便的，故答案是D。9How can residents help Munozs job?ABy offering some original or fresh ideas.BBy showing him around the city.CBy installing sensors themselves.DBy using as little water as possible.答案：A细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词residents和Mu
31、nozs job定位到文章的第三段。根据该段中的“Luis Munoz regularly meet with locals to discuss how to make their city even smarter” “They propose their ideas”可知，当地人有了想法会向Munoz提出来，故答案是A。10What does the underlined word “Another” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AA university.BA phone.CAn app.DAn easy route.答案：C指代判断题。根据上文“the unive
32、rsity helped a woman create an app . with a baby stroller”可知，这所大学开发了一款应用程序，该应用程序为推婴儿车散步的女士规划了最舒适的路线。结合画线词所在句的句意可推知，画线词指的是另一款应用程序，故答案是C。11What can be the best title for the text?AA Worldwide ProblemBA Smart City ProjectCA Creative ResearcherDA Trend in Urban Design答案：B标题判断题。根据第二段最后一句“They are part of
33、 the smart city project, launched . seven years ago.”并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了智能城市项目的相关内容，故B项最适合作为文章标题。【词汇积累】sensor n. 传感器install v. 安装；设置propose v. 提议；建议outline v. 显示的轮廓；勾勒的外形leak n. 泄漏【难句分析】原文：Trash is collected only when the bins are full and bus stop signs show exactly when the next bus is coming. 垃圾只
34、有在垃圾箱满了才会被收集，公交站牌能确切显示下一辆车什么时候来。(第二段第四句)分析：本句是一个并列句。and连接两个分句，第一个分句中when引导条件状语从句，第二个分句中when引导宾语从句。.语法填空(2020甘肃省会宁一中高三第一次月考)China, which takes pride in inventions in ancient times, has once again shown its 1 (able) to change the world with its “new four great inventions”： highspeed railways, electron
35、ic payments, shared bicycles and online shopping. The “new four great inventions” are all related 2 Chinas hightech innovation (创新), 3 improved the quality of peoples lives. “My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat 4 I want simply with a tap of my phone，” said Lin Jinlong, 5 overseas Chines
36、e student from Cambodia, 6 (add) that “even pancake sellers are using Alipay (mobile payment). We can also order food at home, which is super convenient. If I 7 (be) at home in Cambodia, I would have to go outdoors.”The bikes themselves are not new, but the operating model of bikesharing is based on
37、 satellite navigation system, mobile payment, big data and other high technologies. It is 8 (increase) clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. This is partly because China skipped over the PC age and went directly to mobile. China has the 9 (large) mobile use in the world
38、.In terms of the “new four great inventions”， Charlie Dai, principal analyst of American market research company Forrester, said, “These products and services 10 (improve) customer experience so far, improving national and global economy at the same time.”1 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章
39、介绍了中国的“新四大发明”：高速铁路、电子支付、共享自行车和网上购物，以及它们对人们生活的影响。1ability考查词性转换。its后接名词形式，此处表示展示了改变世界的能力，故填ability。2to考查介词。be related to “与有关”，固定短语，故填to。3which考查定语从句的引导词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The “new four great inventions”，在从句中作主语，故填which。4whatever/what考查宾语从句的连接词。根据句意“我可以仅仅按一下我的手机来购买我想买和想吃的(任何)东西”，此处引导宾语从句，在从句中作want的宾语，
40、指“的东西”，故填whatever/what。5an考查冠词。此处泛指一个“中国留学生”，用来解释说明林金龙的身份。overseas的发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。6adding考查非谓语动词。add与Lin Jinlong之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式，故填adding。7were考查虚拟语气。If条件状语从句中，与现在事实相反的假设用一般过去时态表示虚拟，如果是系动词be用were，故填were。8increasingly考查词性转换。这里用副词作状语，修饰形容词clear，故填increasingly。9largest考查形容词的最高级。根据空格前的the可知此处用最高级形式，largest “最大的”，故填largest。10have improved考查动词的时态。句意：这些产品和服务到目前为止改善了客户体验，同时改善了国家和全球经济。由时间状语so far可知，用完成时态。根据全文信息可知，用现在完成时态，故填have improved。