1、专题10 人物故事类阅读真题专项拔高和文本语言赏析（二）阅读真题专项导读真题特色详解核心词汇语境解长难句结构赏析真题双语赏析A 2018北京，8分 话题：马拉松比赛 词数：315My First Marathon(马拉松)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember bac
2、k to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic.The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a b
3、attle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to mys
4、elf.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign:GO FOR IT,RUNNERS!By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and
5、then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fa
6、ct, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)， I can now call myself a marathon winner.文章讲述了没有运动天赋的作者不畏艰辛，挑战自我，最终成功完成了自己第一次马拉松比赛的故事。1.A month before the marathon, the author .A. was well trai
7、ned B. felt scaredC. made up his mind to run D. lost hope【解析】1.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的Yet, I was determined to go ahead 可知在马拉松比赛前一个月，虽然作者的脚踝受伤，但他依然下定决心参加比赛。故选C。2.Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.C
8、. To show he was not talented in sports.D. To share a precious memory.【解析】2.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic 可知，作者谈及体育课的目的是向读者表明他没有运动天赋。故选C。3.How was the authors first marathon?A. He made it. B. He quit halfway.C. He got the first prize. D. He walked
9、 to the end.【解析】3.A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! 可知，作者完成了自己的第一次马拉松比赛。make it意为 达到预定目标，做到，获得成功。故选A。4.What does the story mainly tell us?A. A man owes his success to his family support.B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother o
10、f success.D. One is never too old to learn.【解析】4.B主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Yet, I was determined to go ahead以及最后一段可知，作者主要表达的内容是成功者是一个有坚强意志的人。故选B。【词汇】1. ankles踝关节n2. injured受伤的adj3. determined to go ahead.决心继续下去。4. require sb to do要求某人做5. run laps跑圈6. inform me通知我 sb (of/about sth) to tell sb about sth, especial
11、ly in an official way 知会；通知；通告Please inform us of any changes of address. 地址若有变动请随时通知我们。 I have been reliably informed (= somebody I trust has told me) that the couple will marry next year. 我得到可靠消息说他们俩明年结婚。Hes already left, she informed us. “他已经走了。”她告诉我们说。 VN yourself (of/about sth) to find out info
12、rmation about sth 了解；熟悉We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem. 我们需要时间对这个问题有个透彻的了解。 VN ( formal ) to have an influence on sth 对有影响Religion informs every aspect of their lives. 宗教影响着他们生活的各个方面。 PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词He informed on his own brother. 他告发了他的亲弟弟。 7. athletic运动的adj8. stuck wi
13、th卡住9. a battle against myself一场与我的战斗10. battle against my own body and mind与我自己的身心作战11. test of wills意志力考查12. the finish line终点线13. ready to prove something to myself.准备向自己证明一些事情。14. Shortly after不久之后15. cross the start line越过起跑线16. shoe laces鞋带17. become untied解开18. readjust重新调整19. out of breath上气
14、不接下气20. approach方法；到达；靠近21. the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m闹钟在凌晨4点响22. expenses on running跑步费用23. determined to be myself决心做我自己24. free of shame无耻之徒25. worldly labels世俗标签26. call myself a marathon winner.称自己为“马拉松冠军”。【长难句解读】1.Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an ele
15、ctronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work.【分析】：这是一个主从复合句，句中who引导定语从句，an electronic device为同位语，that can shock the heart back into work为定语从句。【译文】：还有两个队员跑去找学校护士，护士带来了除颤器一种能震击心脏让其重新工作的电子器械。2.When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about comp
16、etition or whether or not I was athletic.【分析】：句中running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic为宾语从句，从句中whether or not I was athletic也为宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。【译文】：当我在三十多岁开始跑步时，我意识到跑步是一场与自己较量的战斗，而不是比赛，也与我是否是运动型的人无关。B 2018浙江，6分 话题：英国作家狄更斯 词数：314In 1812, the year C
17、harles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rat
18、e in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like By a lady. Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and pub
19、lisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would
20、make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to
21、 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But its also that he rewrote the culture of litera
22、ture and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own culture to understand how he made himself a lasting one.本文是
23、一篇记叙文，讲述了英国伟大的作家狄更斯的创作历程和他伟大的原因。【答案】CDA1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A. They were difficult to understand.B. They were popular among the rich.C. They were seen as nearly worthless.D. They were written mostly by women.【解析】1.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的Novels, for the mo
24、st part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad可知，在18世纪的时候，小说被人们看作是愚蠢的，不道德的和非常糟糕的，所以选C项。2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress.A. his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literature【解析】2.D推理判断题。根据第二段，
25、尤其是 Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from.the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa可推知，狄更斯的伟大是不容置疑和无可辩驳的，如果说要把他从英国文学史上拿掉的话，就犹如卢浮宫把蒙娜丽莎卖掉一样。由此我们推断出此处是在强调狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性。3.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To remember a great writer.B. To introduce an English novel.C. T
26、o encourage studies on culture.D. To promote values of the Victorian age.【解析】3.A写作意图题。根据文章最后一段中的No one will ever knowsuch a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approacheslasting one可推知，作者写作本文主要是为了纪念狄更斯200周年诞辰。【词汇】1. steam-powered printing press蒸汽印刷机2. in its early stages在
27、早期阶段3. the literacy rate识字率4. works of fiction小说作品5. for the most part大多数情况下6. be looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad被认为是愚蠢的、不道德的或纯粹是坏的7. mourn him as its first professional writer and publisher哀悼他作为第一位职业作家和出版商8. beloved亲爱的9. lead an explosion引发爆炸10. in both the publication of novels and
28、 their readership在小说出版和读者群中11. greatness伟大12. unchallenged无挑战的13. attach贴上 vtI attach a copy of my notes for your information. 我附上笔记一份供你参考。 I attach a copy of the spreadsheet (= send it with an email) . 我随电子邮件附上电子表格一份。 They have attached a number of conditions to the agreement (= said that the condi
29、tions must be part of the agreement) . 他们在协议上附加了一些条件。 VN importance, significance, value, weight, etc. (to sth) to believe that sth is important or worth thinking about 认为有重要性（或意义、价值、分量等）；重视I attach great importance to this research. 我认为这项研究十分重要。 VN yourself to sb to join sb for a time, sometimes wh
30、en you are not welcome or have not been invited （有时不受欢迎或未受邀请而）参加，和在一起，缠着He attached himself to me at the party and I couldnt get rid of him. 在聚会上他老是缠着我，我简直无法摆脱他。 You can attach files, sounds, and images to messages like you can with e-mails. 您可以将文件、声音和图像像附加到电子邮件一样附加到消息。14. extremely difficult非常困难15.
31、 a casual reader漫不经心的读者16. style of writing写作风格17. attract audiences from all walks of life吸引各界观众18. Its partly that 部分原因是19. ride a wave of social, political and scientific progress引领社会、政治和科学进步浪潮20. mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck天赋、抱负、精力和运气的结合21. distinguished writer杰出作家22. anniversary of
32、 his birth他的出生纪念日23. make himself a lasting one.让自己成为一个持久的人。【长难句解读】In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain.【译文】1812年，查尔斯狄更斯出生的那一年，英国出版了66部小说。People had been writing novels for a century most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 but nob
33、ody wanted to do it professionally.【译文】人们写小说已经有一个世纪了大多数专家认为这是1719年鲁滨逊克鲁索写的第一部小说但没有人想专业地写。C 2017全国卷，8分 话题：与Paul Newman的友谊 词数：283I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didnt want me for
34、the film it wanted somebody as well known as Paul he stood up for me. I dont know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the
35、fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive,
36、and making fun of each other but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back he with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for
37、kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. Hed been in and out of the h
38、ospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didnt talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了与Paul的相识及与其建立友谊的原因，虽不常见面但是却因共同的信念而保持着友谊。【答案】CDAB1.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?A. Paul Newman wanted it.B. The studi
39、o powers didnt like his agent.C. He wasnt famous enough.D. The director recommended someone else.【解析】1.C 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的When the studio didnt want me for the film it wanted somebody as well known as Paul he stood up for me可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。该题选C项。2.Why did Paul and the a
40、uthor have a lasting friendship?A. They were of the same age.B. They worked in the same theater.C. They were both good actors.D. They had similar characteristics.【解析】 2.D 考查推理判断。根据文章第二段中的We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had
41、the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors可知，作者与Paul之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。故D项符合题意。3.What does the underlined word that in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Their belief.B. Their care for children.C. Their success.D. Their support for each other.【解析】3.A 考查代词指代。根据第三段中的We shared the belief t
42、hat if youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back可知，下文的内容是对the belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。4.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To show his love of films.B. To remember a friend.C. To introduce a new movie.D
43、. To share his acting experience.【解析】4.B 考查写作目的。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的I first met Paul Newman in 1968以及最后一段中的I last saw him a few months ago可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友，所以选B项。【长难句解读】The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that althou
44、gh there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.【分析】：该句中第一个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词The friendship;第二个that为限定词，修饰film;第三个that引导同位语从句，说明the fact的内容，而该同位语从句中although引导让步状语从句。【译文】：从拍摄那部电影以及四年后的骗中骗的经历中成长的友谊源于尽管有年龄的差异，但是我们都来自于戏剧和现场直播电视的传统这个事实。 D 2017北京，6分 话题：利用急救知识救人 词数：339It
45、was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighthgrader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didnt
46、 know each other well Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. Pariss eyes rolled back, Taylor says. She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would
47、die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out， Does anyone know CPR?CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick persons chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly
48、.Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated.She didnt think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death, says Taylor.Taylors swift action
49、 helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Pariss heartbeat returned.I know I was really lucky, Paris says now. Most people dont surv
50、ive this. My team saved my life.Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. I feel more confident
51、 in my actions now, Taylor says. I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.这是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了垒球队中的女队员Paris在打球过程中突发心力衰竭，队友Taylor对她进行了紧急心肺复苏，Paris最后恢复了心跳的故事。Taylor勇敢、冷静，用所学的急救知识救助他人。【答案】BCB1.What happened to Paris on a March day?A. She caught a bad cold. B. She had a sudden heart problem.C. She
52、was knocked down by a ball. D. She shivered terribly during practice.【解析】1.B 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure可知，Paris突发心力衰竭。2. Why does Paris say she was lucky?A. She made a worthy friend. B. She recovered from shock.C. She received immediate CPR. D. She came
53、 back on the softball team.【解析】2.C 考查细节理解。根据第五段中的But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR以及第六段在队友和学校护士的帮助下Paris的心跳恢复了(Pariss heartbeat returned)以及倒数第二段中的For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quick
54、ly可知，Paris得到了及时的心肺复苏(CPR)救助。3. Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?A. Enthusiastic and kind. B. Courageous and calm.C. Cooperative and generous. D. Ambitious and professional.【解析】3.B 考查推理判断。根据第五段中的But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. It was sc
55、ary. I knew it was the difference between life and death, says Taylor和第六段中的 Taylors swift action helped her teammates calm down可知，Taylor是一位勇敢、冷静的女孩。面对紧急情况，她不慌不乱，用所学的急救知识迅速帮助他人，并用自己的举动感染队友，让她们镇静下来参与救助。【词汇】1. during practice在实践中2. stamp their feet to stay warm跺脚取暖3. shiver a little微微颤抖4. fall to the g
56、round倒在地上5. Pariss eyes rolled back巴黎的眼睛向后翻6. start shaking开始摇晃7. emergency紧急情况8. suffer a sudden heart failure突发性心力衰竭9. in shock.处于休克状态。10. a life-saving technique救生技术11. scary吓人的12. the difference between life and death生与死的区别13. swift action迅捷动作14. calm down冷静15. an electronic device电子设备16. shock
57、the heart back into work让心脏重新投入工作17. heartbeat心跳18. for a sudden heart failure突然心力衰竭19. the single best chance for survival唯一生存的最佳机会20. apply to college申请上大学21. feel more confident in my actions对我的行动更有信心22. act under pressure in a scary situation.在可怕的情况下承受压力【长难句解读】1.Without immediate medical care, P
58、aris would die.【解析】本句是一个虚拟语气，without相当于一个条件句：If there were no immediate medical care.【译文】如果没有立即的医疗护理，巴黎会死去。2.To do CPR, you press on the sick persons chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs.【解析】so that引导的目的状语从句【译文】做心肺复苏术时，你按压病人的胸部，使血液在体内流动，并将氧气输送到器官。3.Amazingly, Taylor
59、had just taken a CPR course the day before.【解析】副词作状语。【译文】令人惊讶的是，泰勒前一天刚刚上了心肺复苏课程。双语赏析 I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didnt want me for the film it wanted somebody as well known
60、as Paul he stood up for me. I dont know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.初见保罗纽曼是在1968年，经虎豹小霸王的导演乔治介绍我们相识于纽约。当时片方并不想要我担任角色，他们想要的是保罗那样的大腕儿，可是保罗却对我极力相挺。我不知道这种情况下有多少人会那样做，我想他们很可能只会听从于自己的经纪人或者片方大佬吧。The friendship that grew out of the expe
61、rience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qua
62、lities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.我们的友谊因在本片( 译者注:即(虎豹小霸王)及四年后骗中骗的合作经历中产生和升华。这种友谊深深地根植于这样一个事实: 虽然有年龄差异，不过在表演上我们都共同禀持一种舞台
63、及直播电视艺术的严谨求真的传统风格。我们都敬畏演技，潜心于研究揣摩所扮演的人物角色。我们都有典型美国演员所具有的那种特质和美德-幽默感， 进取心，相互逗乐而又不失内心的真挚，这些都是荧屏外我们友谊的核心。We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back he with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me
64、with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.我们彼此笃信，如果一个人有幸获得了成功，那他就应该对社会有所回馈。保罗创办了两个慈善机构-保罗食品公司以及为重患儿童成立的墙洞帮夏令营(译者注:以其在(虎豹小霸王所出演的帮派名称命名);。而我
65、也创办了两个非营利性机构-圣丹斯学院和圣丹斯电影节(译者注:以作者在6虎豹小霸王中所扮演的角色而命名，旨在鼓励及扶待非商业性电影的发展)。我和保罗并不经常见面，是共同的信念使我们走到了一起。我们在经济方面以及通过客串出席一些重要活动而彼此相互支持。I last saw him a few months ago. Hed been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didnt talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.我上次见到他是几个月前。他数度进出过医院。他和我都知道即将发生会发生的事情，但我们没有谈论这件事。我们的关系不需要太多的言语的那种。