1、活页作业(七).阅读理解Today，bicycles are elegantly simple machines that are common around the world.Many people ride bicycles for recreation，whereas others use them as a means of transportation.The first bicycle was invented in Germany in 1818.Because it was made of wood，it wasnt very strong nor did it have p
2、edals (脚踏板)Riders moved it by pushing their feet against the ground.In 1839，Kirkpatrick Macmillan，a Scottish blacksmith，invented a much better bicycle.Macmillans machine had iron covered wheels to keep them from getting worn down.He also used footoperated levers，similar to pedals，so his bicycle coul
3、d be ridden at a quick pace.It didnt look much like the modern bicycle，though，because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel.Although Macmillans bicycles could be ridden easily，they were never produced in large numbers.In 1861，Frenchman Pierre Michaux and his brother Ernest inv
4、ented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism.They called their bicycle a VELOCIPEDE，but most people called it a“bone shaker”because of the effect of the wood and iron frame.Despite the impolite nickname，the VELOCIPEDE was a hit.After a few years，the Michaux family was making hundreds of the mach
5、ines annually，mostly for funseeking young people.Ten years later，James Starley，an English inventor，made several innovations that revolutionized bicycle design.He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel，put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient，and lightened the w
6、heels by using wire spokes.Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride，it was still clumsy，extremely topheavy，and ridden mostly for entertainment.It wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene.Invented by another Englishman，H.J.Lawson，the safety bicy
7、cle would look familiar to todays cyclists.The safety bicycle had equalsized wheels，which made it easier to ride.Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel.By 1893，the safety bicycle had been further improved with airfilled rubber tires，a diamondshaped frame，and easy braking.
8、With the improvements provided by Lawson，bicycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation.Today，they are built，used，and enjoyed all over the world.1This passage was most likely written in order to _.Acompare bicycles used for different purposesBdescribe the problems early bicycle make
9、rs experiencedCpersuade readers to use bicycles for transportationDtell readers about the early history of the bicycle解析：推理判断题。通观全文，第一辆自行车是于1818年在德国被发明的1839年Kirkpatrick Macmillan发明了一辆更好的自行车1861年法国人Pierre Michaux和他的兄弟Ernest发明了一辆改进了脚踏板机械装置的自行车两年后James Starley做出了一些革新，彻底改变了自行车的设计1874年真正的现代自行车出现了1893年安全脚
10、踏车被进一步改进今天，自行车在全世界被制造、使用和喜爱。这篇文章主要讲述自行车的发展史。答案：D2Which of the following bicycle types was invented by James Starley?解析：细节理解题。第四段“He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel，.”James Starley制造的前车轮比后车轮大好几倍。和图片B相符。答案：B3Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
11、ATwo hundred years ago，bicycles did not exist.BThe first bicycle could be ridden at a very quick pace.CThe Michaux brothers called their bicycle a“bone shaker”DMacmillans machine had wheels with rubber tires.解析：推理判断题。由第一段“The first bicycle was invented in Germany in 1818.”可知，第一辆自行车是在1814年被发明的，而200年前
12、是1814年，所以那时自行车还不存在。故选A。答案：A4The information about bicycles in this passage is arranged according to _.AimportanceBtimeCplace Dinterest解析：细节理解题。本文讲的是自行车的发展史，是逐段按时间排列出这些信息的。故选B。答案：B.七选五填空Ali is from a Middle Eastern country.He now stays in the USA.He smokes a lot of cigarettes every day.He has smoked
13、for nine years.Ali says，“I tried to quit(放弃)smoking in my hometown，but it was impossible.My parents smoke.My brothers smoke.All my friends smoke.At parties and at meetings，almost all the men smoke.Here in the United States，not as many people smoke.1_”Many smokers are like Ali：they want to stop smoki
14、ng.2_ They know the medicine can cause cancer and heart disease.But it is difficult for them to give up smoking because cigarettes have a drug in them.The drug is nicotine.People who smoke a lot need nicotine.3_ The nicotine makes him sick.In a few days，the smokers body is used to the nicotine，and h
15、e feels fine.Later，the smoker needs nicotine to keep feeling fine.Without nicotine，he feels bad.4_ Many people who quit will soon smoke again.At a party or at work they will decide to smoke“just one”cigarette.Then they will smoke another cigarette，and another.Soon they become smokers again.5_AIt is
16、very hard to quit smoking.BIt will be easier to change the smoking habit here.CThus nicotine makes smokers addicted to cigarettes.DThe smokers know that smoking is bad for their health.EWhen a person first begins to smoke，he usually feels terrible.FMaybe there is only one easy way to quit smoking: n
17、ever start.GBut it is said that medicine is needed to stop them from smoking.答案：15BDEAF.完形填空Most people have thought，“I want to fly like a bird.”Many people have tried.They made wings for_1_，usually_2_ feathers，and tried to fly by moving their wings，as a bird did.In about 1020，_3_Englishman，Oliver，t
18、ried to fly with wings like a bird did.He_4_more than two hundred meters_5_he crashed to the ground and broke both his arms and legs._6_his injuries，Oliver seemed quite pleased.He said he had made one little mistake.He had forgotten _7_a tail like a birds.But when he _8_from his injuries，he never tr
19、ied to fly again.In 1507，an Italian，named John Damian，tried to fly in Scotland.He wore a pair of wings made of hens feathers，and leaped from the walls of a castle.He _9_like a stone to the ground below，and broke a leg.Damian was very _10_.He said，“I made a mistake，I used hensfeathers and hens do not
20、 often fly.I _11_the feathers of a bird that flies.Then I am sure I _12_.”But when he was well again，Damian，like Oliver，never attempted another flight.An Italian scientist，John Borelli，spent much time thinking about flying.Finally，in 1680，he wrote a book _13_a great many calculations.They proved tha
21、t men would never be able to fly with wings on their arms.Borelli worked it out that a mans arms were not _14_to support him in the air.We know now that he was right but some people _15_what Borelli said.In 1742，a Frenchman，although he was an old man，tried to fly _16_the River Seine，in Paris，with wi
22、ngs _17_his arms.He leaped from the balcony(阳台)of a house beside the river and went _18_down onto a boat moored(停泊)at the bank of the river.He was _19_and only broke a leg.In 1811，a tailor in Germany decided to try to fly with wings.He built a wooden tower on the bank of the River Danube.He leaped f
23、rom this tower and dropped like a stone into the water.He was dragged out _20_，but he was more fortunate than most of the other men who had tried to fly with wings.1A.itselfBourselvesCthemselves Dyourselves解析：由主语they可知此处应该是指“他们自己”，故用themselves。答案：C2A.ofBintoCfromDwith解析：be made of“由制成”，此处介词表示材料，故用of
24、。答案：A3A.a Ban Cthe Done解析：此处表示“一个英国人”，故用不定冠词；因Englishman以元音音素开头，故用an。答案：B4A.walked Bwent Cfound Dcovered解析：cover在这里是“行程，穿越”的意思，用went和walked不合适。答案：D5A.when Bbefore Cafter Das解析：穿越二百多米在先，坠入地面在后，故用before。答案：B6A.Because of BIn spite ofCAs a result of DIn terms of解析：从句子意思看，应该是表示转折。尽管受了伤，但很高兴。答案：B7A.to we
25、ar BwearingCto dress Dputting on解析：从句意看，应该是“忘记去做某事(未做)”，所以forget之后应接动词不定式，to dress的宾语是人，不是物。答案：A8A.survived BescapedCrecovered Dlived解析：recover from.表示“从痊愈”。答案：C9A.feels Bfalls Cfelt Dfell解析：像一块石头坠入地面，fall“落下”，用过去式fell。答案：D10A.satisfied BdisappointedCdelighted Dinspired解析：从飞行结果和下文说的话来看，应是感到很失望。答案：B1
26、1A.should use Bmust useCshould have used Dshouldnt use解析：“should完成式”表示“本应该做而实际没有做”，带有后悔之意。答案：C12A.would have flown Bwould flyCcould fly Dwill fly解析：would have flown表示“如果使用会飞的鸟的羽毛的话，那就会飞起来了”。答案：A13A.including B holdingCcontaining Dconsisting解析：contain意为“包含，包括”，在本句中是现在分词作定语修饰book。including是介词，不能作定语；co
27、nsist是不及物动词，后要接of再接宾语。答案：C14A.too strong Bvery strongCenough strong Dstrong enough解析：“beadj./adv.enough to do sth.”表示“足够以至于”，是固定结构。答案：D15A.regardless of Bpaid no attention toCobjected to Dsupported解析：B项意为“不注意，不关心”。regardless of不是动词短语，不能作谓语。其他两个动词意思与语境不符。答案：B16A.overBthroughCacrossDpast解析：表示“穿越(河流)”用
28、介词across。答案：C17A.tied to Btied onCtying to Dtying on解析：这是with复合结构，tied表示被动含义：翅膀被系在胳膊上，介词to是固定搭配。答案：A18A.crash BcrashingCto crash Dcrashed解析：此处是“go动名词”结构。答案：B19A.disappointed BunluckyCannoyed Dfortunate解析：由下文可知，比较而言，这个人是幸运的，因为他只是摔断了一条腿。答案：D20A.completely drowned Balmost drowningChalf drowned Dhalf dr
29、owning解析：drown一词经常用被动式，因为人是被淹死的。选择halfdrowned，说明人没有淹死，因此说这个德国裁缝更加幸运。答案：C.语法填空(2017全国卷)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) 1._a method of fighting heart disease，has had some uninte
30、nded side 2._(effect)such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 3._ (process)the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 4._(re
31、move)from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 5._result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 6._(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 7._(be)full of fat and salt；by 8._(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and
32、 fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be 9._ (care)not to go to extremes.Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，10._is not good for the health.语篇解读本文是一
33、篇说明文。文章分析了饮食低脂、低盐的利弊以及对人体健康的影响。1解析：考查介词。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词as。答案：as2解析：考查名词复数。side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。答案：effects3解析：考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。require sth. to do sth.需要某物做某事，此处用了被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式to process作主语补足语。答案：to process4解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现
34、在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。答案：are removed5解析：考查固定搭配中的冠词。as a result结果，是固定搭配。答案：a6解析：考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。答案：worse7解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填be的第三人称单数形式is。答案：is8解析：考查非谓语动词之动名词。表示方式的介词by之后接动名词作宾语。答案：eating9解析：考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。答案：careful10解析：考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。答案：which