1、成才之路英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 必修1 EarthquakesUnit 4Section Warming Up&ReadingUnit 4课前新知预习.单词速记1_(vi.)爆裂；爆发(n.)突然破裂；爆发2_(n.)事件；大事3_(n.)废墟；毁灭(vt.)毁灭；使破产4_(vt.)破坏；毁坏；消灭5_(vt.&vi.)(使)震惊；震动(n.)休克；打击；震惊bursteventruindestroyshock6_(n.&vt.)援救；营救7_(vt.)使陷入困境；(n.)陷阱；困境8_(vt.)埋葬；掩埋；隐藏9_(n.)掩蔽；掩蔽处10dirt(n.)污垢；泥土_(ad
2、j.)脏的；弄脏的；卑鄙的11suffering(n.)苦难；痛苦_(v.)经历；遭受；患病rescuetrapburyshelterdirtysuffer12extreme(adj.)极度的_(adv.)极其；非常13 injure(vt.)损 害；伤 害 _(n.)伤 害；损 害_(adj.)受伤的14survivor(n.)幸存者；生还者；残存物_(v.)幸存，生还_(n.)幸存；继续生存15electricity(n.)电；电流；电学_(adj.)用电的；带电的_(adj.)与电有关的；电学的extremelyinjuryinjuredsurvivesurvivalelectricel
3、etrical.短语互译1立刻；马上 _2仿佛；好像 _3结束；终结 _4in ruins_5dig out_6a(great)number of_right awayas ifat an end严重受损；破败不堪掘出；发现许多；大量的.完成句子1老鼠从地里跑出来找地方躲藏。Mice ran out of the fields _.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)2仿佛到了世界末日！It seemed _！(as if引导的状语从句)looking for places to hide as if the world was at an end 3人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。_near
4、ly everything was destroyed.(everywhere引导的状语从句)4并没有丧失所有的希望。_.(all.not部分否定)Everywhere they looked All hope was not lost.课文理解1Read the passage and complete the main idea of each part.Part 1(Para.1)Before the quakes_ happened.Part 2(Paras.2,3)During the quakes_ were caused.Part 3(Para.4)After the quake
5、s_ was carried out.2Choose the best answers according to the passage.(1)What does the title“A night the earth didnt sleep”mean?AThe whole earth didnt sleep that night.BA terrible earthquake hit Tangshan that night.CThe earthquake happened here and there.DThe whole nation didnt sleep because of the e
6、arthquake.(2)Who played the most important part in helping the people in the earthquake?AThe soldiers and the rescue workers.BThe college students.CThe miners in the coal mines.DThe injured local government officers.(3)We can infer from the text that _.Athe whole city was at an endBthe armys coming
7、brought hope to the cityCpeople lost hope faced with the terrible earthquakeDthe signs before the earthquake werent obvious at all(4)Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?APeople were all hopeless after the earthquake.BOnly small cracks appeared in the well walls.CThe big quake was fe
8、lt all over the country.D Another big quake shook Tangshanlater that afternoon.答案：1.Strange things;Damage and loss;Rescue work2(1)(4)BABD课堂要点探究1.burst(1)vi.爆裂；爆发In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开了。They all burst out laughing at the expression on her face
9、.看到她脸上的表情，他们都大笑起来。核 心 词 汇(2)n.C突然破裂，爆发The sudden burst of the tyre caused the car to roll over.轮胎突然爆裂导致翻车。He gave a burst of laughter.他突然大笑起来。活学活用用正确的介词填空He couldnt help bursting _ tears when he heard the bad news.We all thought his heart would burst_ happiness.He burst _ the room without knocking a
10、t the door.One minute she burst _tears，and the next she burst _laughing.We just couldnt catch her mood at any moment.答案：intowithintointo;out2ruin(1)n.废墟；毁灭In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就被掩埋在了一片废墟之中。An earthquake left the whole town in ruins in Yiliang.一场地震使彝良到处
11、是断壁残垣。(2)vt.毁灭；使破产The rain ruined our holiday.这场雨把我们的假期毁了。归纳拓展be/lie in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪fall/come into ruin 衰败；败落易混辨析ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏，毁坏”，程度较深；也可用于抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等damage一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用，一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复巧学助记活学活用语法填空_is no wonder that th
12、e building is _ruins now;it was so big a fire last night.答案：It；in“It is no wonder that.”是固定句式，表示“难怪”；be/lay in ruins是固定短语，意为“成为废墟”。3extreme adj.极度的The suffering of the people was extreme.人们遭受的灾难极为深重。归纳拓展extremely adv.极端地，极为，非常It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task.这是一项极度困难和危险的任务。活学活用完成句子Th
13、e heat in the desert _.沙漠中极其炎热。The book is _.这本书非常受欢迎。答案：is extremeextremely popular4injure vt.损害；伤害Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.他们之中三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。People have been seriously injured in a traffic accident.在一次交通事故中，有人严重受伤。归纳拓展(1)injury n伤，伤害do an injury to sb.do sb.an
14、 injury 伤害某人(2)injured adj.受伤的；受委屈的the injured 伤员易混辨析injure一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤harm可作名词或动词，意为“伤害，危害”。指精神上或物质上的危害。短语：do sb.harm/do harm to sb.“对某人有危害”wound作名词或动词。主要指暴力或战争中所受的伤，如刀伤、枪伤等hurt主要指肉体上、精神上和感情上的伤害巧学助记不同程度的“伤害”活学活用选词填空(injure/harm/wound/hurt)I dont believe those fairy tales will _ our students.Thatl
15、l _ her feeling.The bullet _ him in the shoulder.Tom _ his leg in a skating accident.Five passengers were _ in the traffic accident and they have all been taken to the nearest hospital.答案：harmhurtwoundedinjuredinjured5shock(1)vt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动People were shocked.人们震惊了。People were shocked at the news t
16、hat 39 people died in the ship accident in Hong Kong.人们对在香港撞船事故中39人死亡的消息感到震惊。(2)n.休克；打击；震惊The news of his death was a shock to us.他去世的消息令我们震惊。归纳拓展(1)be a shock to.使吃惊(2)shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的shocking adj.令人震惊的be shocked at/by 对吃惊be shocked to do sth.做某事很吃惊名师点津情感动词的两种形容词形式表 示 情 感 的 动 词，如 shock,surprise,
17、frighten,amuse,interest,excite,tire等的形容词有ed和ing两种形式。ed形式表示“感到的”，常用来修饰人；ing形式表示“令人感到的”，常用来修饰物。The end of the film is so shocking that everyone was very much shocked at it.这个影片的结局令人如此震惊，以至于每个人都感到惊讶。活学活用用shock的适当形式填空。We are _ to learn that a traffic police officer was nearly killed by a drunken driver.
18、And the _ scene _ three taxi drivers nearby,who saved the officer bravely.语法填空Judging from his _(shock)look,Mike was entirely unprepared for the _(frighten)news.答案：shocked;shocking;shockedshocked;frightening考查形容词辨析。句意：从他吃惊的表情来看，迈克对这个令人恐惧的消息完全没有准备。shocked adj.震 惊 的，惊 讶 的；shocking adj.令 人 震 惊 的；fright
19、ened adj.害怕的，受惊的；frightening adj.令人恐惧的。6rescue(1)n.援救；营救Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。His father came to his rescue and lent him the money.他的父亲借钱给他，从而救了他。(2)vt.援救；营救She died when trying to rescue her children from the fire.她在试图从大火中救出自己的孩子时身亡。归纳拓
20、展come to sb.s rescuerescue sb.援救某人rescue sb./sth.from.把某人/物从营救出来活学活用语法填空On Jan.4,a fire broke out at a building in Lankao,HenanProvince,and most people _(rescue)答案：were rescued7trap(1)vt.使陷入困境Twenty miners were trapped underground.20名矿工被困在地下。Having been trapped in traffic,he was late for work.因为遇到交通
21、阻塞，他上班迟到了。(2)n.陷阱；困境She led him into a trap.她引诱他中了圈套。归纳拓展(1)trap sb.into(doing)sth.诱使某人(做)某事be trapped in困在中；陷在中(2)set traps to do sth.设置陷阱做某事巧学助记活学活用完成句子The guests_the big fire,and we must _ them _ it.客人们被大火所困，我们必须马上把他们救出来。语法填空The police _(trap)the thief into a situation where he could not escape.答
22、案：were trapped in;rescue;fromtrapped句意：小偷被警察困住了，无法逃脱。trap使陷入困境；trap sb.into.使某人陷入。8bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏We needed to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease spreading.我们需要尽快将尸体埋葬，以防止疾病扩散。巧学助记一词多义的“bury”活学活用完成句子In the evenings he _ his books.他每天晚上都专心读书。Their house _a heavy snow.他们的房子被大
23、雪掩埋了。_，he didnt notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。语法填空Mr.Richard hasnt got any time to play golf these days,because he is _(bury)the research of bird language.答案：buries himself in/is buried inwas buried byBuried in his book/Because he was buried in his bookburied in考查动词辨析。句意：这些天理查德先生没有时间打高尔夫
24、球，因为他专心于鸟类语言的研究。be buried in专心于。9at an end结束；终结The long hot summer was at last at an end.漫长的酷暑终于过去了。归纳拓展(1)bring sth.to an end(使)结束；终结put an end to(使)结束；终结come to an end 结束make ends meet 使收支相抵(2)at the end of.在末端by the end of.到为止(用于完成时)in the end 最后；终于That job came to an end last month.那项工作上个月完成了。By
25、 the end of this week,I wil have finished most of the work.到本周末为止，我将会完成大部分工作。活学活用用end的短语填空The meeting _ at midnight.Everything will be all right _.We must _ these endless arguments.The meeting was nearly _ when I got to the meeting room.Since Mike lost his job,he can hardly _.Hes going to relax with
26、 friends once the exams are _.答案：came to an endin the endput an end toat an endmake ends meetat an end10dig out掘出；发现The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。We had to dig the car out of a snow drift.我们必须把汽车从雪堆里挖出来。The truth was dug out.
27、真相被发现了。活学活用完成句子They _ the ground.他们从地里挖出了马铃薯。He was buried by an avalanche(雪崩)and had to _.他遇到雪崩被埋住了，得把他挖出来。答案：dug the potatoes out ofbe dug out11a(great)number of许多；大量的Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping由于地震发生时人们正在睡觉，所以很多人都死去了。易混辨析a number of意为“许多，
28、大量的”。在number之前可加large,small,great等表示程度。a number of只修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式the number of意为“的数量”。后接可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数而不用复数A large number of people have applied for the job.很多人申请了这份工作。The number of cars on the expressway is rising because of free passage during holidays.由于节假日免费通行，高速路上轿车的数量在增加。活学活用语法填空(2014成
29、都高一检测)A number of students _(be)invited to the party,but the number of the students present _(be)twenty.As you can see,the number of cars on our roads _(keep)rising these days.答案：have been;is考查主谓一致。句意：很多学生被邀请参加晚会，但是到场的学生的数量是二十人。a number of“许多，大量的”，作主语时谓语动词要用复数；the number of“的数量”，作主语时谓语动词为单数。keeps考查主
30、谓一致。句意：正如你所见，目前道路上汽车的数量在不断增加。the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数；再根据时间状语these days可知描述的是现在的情况，所以用一般现在时。12.It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！句式分析(1)as ifas though“似乎，好像”，可用来引导表语从句和状语从句。(2)当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的、极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if从句要用陈述语气。例如：It looks as if it is going to snow.看来要下雪。经 典 句 式(3)当说话人认为句子所述
31、的是不真实的、极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。a如果从句表示与现实事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。b从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。c从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might 动词原形”。例如：The woman loves the children as if she were their mother.这位女士爱这些孩子，好像她就是他们的妈妈一样。(与现在事实相反)He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)He
32、 opened his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反)活学活用语法填空(2012北 京 高 考 改 编)Dont handle the vase as if it _(be)made of steel.答案：were考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把那个花瓶当成是钢铁做的那样处理。as if引导的是状语从句，从句中用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，应用一般过去时。在虚拟语气中，常用were代替was。(2014重庆，13改编)It was John who broke the window.Why are you ta
33、lking to me as if I_(do)it?答案：had done13All hope was not lost.并没有丧失所有的希望。句式分析(1)该句为不完全否定。all.not/not.all等表示部分否定，其意思是“并非所有的”。(2)all,both,each,every,everyone,everybody,everything,always,whole,entirely,altogether等具有总括意义的词语与否定词连用，构成部分否定。All that glitters is not gold.Not all that glitters is gold.闪闪发光的未必
34、都是金子。I dont want both the books.我不是两本书都要。Not every book is educative.Every book is not educative.不是每本书都有教育意义。活学活用语法填空I agree with most of what you said,but I dont agree with _.答案：everything考查代词辨析。句意：你说的绝大部分我都同意，但我并不是一切都同意。只有everything与not连用才能构成部分否定。课堂达标验收.单词拼写1His rude manners s_ everyone.2A great m
35、any houses were d_ in the earthquake and many people became homeless.3The hurricane left the whole city in r_.4He was t_ in a nowin situation.5She b_ out laughing at the joke.6Many men were _(埋葬)underground when the accident at the mine happened.7It is an area where natural _(灾难)often happen.8The fi
36、remen _(援救)the boy from the burning house.9They began to recover slowly from their nightmare of pain and _(苦难)10One Thursday afternoon he got seriously _(伤害)in an accident.答案：1.shocked2.destroyed3.ruins4.trapped5.burst6.buried7.disasters8.rescued9.suffering10injured2At present,the once beautiful tow
37、n is _.3We should _ weeds before sowing seeds.4He is ill;you should call in the doctor _.5Seeing the picture,he _ thoughts.6He behaves _ he had no common sense.7_ birds fly to the south in winter.8The voyage was finally _.答案：1.burst out2.in ruins3.dig out4.right away5.was buried in6.as if 7.A great
38、number of8.at an end.语法填空1The stranger shook me by the hand warmly _ he were to say he knew me well.答案：as if考查状语从句。句意：这个陌生人和我热情地握手，好像要说他和我很熟。as if似乎，好像。根据he were.可知从句是虚拟语气。as if从句可用虚拟语气。2_(bury)in heavy school work,many high school students are told to lock themselves in their studies.答案：Buried考查非谓语
39、动词。句意：埋头于沉重的学业，很多高中生被告知要把自己锁在书房里。be buried in埋头于，专心于。作状语时常省略be动词。3(2014天津，4改编)_ you start eating in a healthier way,weight control will become much easier.答案：Once4When the boss got to the factory _ midnight,he found it _ ruins.答案：at;in考查介词。句意：当老板在午夜到达工厂时，他发现工厂已经成了废墟。at midnight在午夜；in ruins成为废墟。5 He
40、found his son _(trap)inside the lift,_(feel)very worried.答案：trapped;feeling考查非谓语动词。句意：他发现他的儿子被困在电梯里，感到非常担忧。his son和trap之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。he和feel之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。6The women _(injure)in the accident should be given first aid.答案：injuredinjured受伤的。句意：在车祸中受伤的妇女应该予以急救。7On hearing the news that her son ha
41、d won the game,she burst_ laughter.答案：into考查动词短语辨析。句意：听到她儿子赢得比赛的消息，她突然大笑起来。burst out laughing/burst into laughter突然大笑起来。8The war was finally _an end.答案：at考查介词短语辨析。句意：战争终于结束了。at an end结束，终结。9(2014湖 南，31改 编)I am looking forward to the day_my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.答案：when10Some people were dug_ from the fallen building after the earthquake,which excited many people.答案：out句意：地震后一些人从倒塌的建筑物中被挖出来，这让很多人感到激动。dig out挖掘，发现；课后强化作业（点此链接）