1、2020年暑假新高三英语增分专项突破+题型特训08知识运用类：完形填空之说明文考试大纲要求考纲解读在一篇250词左右的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。既考查考生的英语基础知识，又考查考生综合运用语言的能力。主要考查考生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能力和生活常识运用能力。该题型分值高（30分，占整套试卷分数的20%），区分度强，是考生分数最容易拉开距离的题型。说明文的写作目的是授人以知，让人明白，说明文只是说明事物的特征，阐明原理，介绍知识。
2、说明文完形填空的结构模式一般是：提出问题发现直接原因分析深层原因得出结论或提出解决方案。一、说明类完形填空的命题特点说明类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。二、说明类完形填空的应试策略 1. 利用说明文的首句查找说明主体2
3、. 把握说明文的两种结构模式(1)总分式。包括总分分总总分总等具体形式。(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：空间顺序从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；时间顺序按照时间先后顺序来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；逻辑顺序有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果，具有严密的条理性。三、说明类完形填空的解题步骤第一步：通过短文首尾句抓主旨说明文的篇首会出现话题中心，通过首段可把握文章的主题；而尾句往往是文章的结论或点睛之笔。第二步：填空时关注段落或意群间的内
4、在联系第三步：重览短文，查缺补漏通读文章，检查思路是否顺畅及有无逻辑关系错误，同时填补遗留的空缺。2019年，全国卷III，完形填空 The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- 1 six months out of the year. Of course, we 2 it when the sun is shining, says Karin Ro, who
5、works for the towns tourism office. We see the sky is 3 , but down in the valley its darker its like on a 4 day.” But that 5 when a system of high-tech 6 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below. Wednesday, residents（居民）of Rjukan 7 their very first ray of wi
6、nter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 8 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 9 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 10 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam（束）of light onto the towns central 11 , creating an
7、area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 12 , Rjukan residents gathered together. People have been 13 there and standing there and taking 14 of each other, Ro says. The town square was totally 15 . I think almost all the people in the town were there. The 3,500 residents cannot all
8、 16 the sunshine at the same time. 17 , the new light feels like more than enough for the towns 18 residents. Its not very 19 ,” she says, but it is enough when we are 20 .”1. A. onlyB. obviouslyC. nearlyD. precisely2. A. fearB. believeC. hearD. notice3. A. emptyB. blueC. highD. wide4. A. cloudyB. n
9、ormalC. differentD. warm5. A. helpedB. changedC. happenedD. mattered6. A. computersB. telescopesC. mirrorsD. cameras7. A. rememberedB. forecastedC. receivedD. imagined8. A. repairB. riskC. restD. use9. A. forbidsB. directsC. predictsD. follows10. A. dayB. nightC. monthD. year11. A. libraryB. hallC.
10、squareD. street12. A. appearedB. returnedC. fadedD. stopped13. A. drivingB. hidingC. campingD. siting14. A. picturesB. notesC. careD. hold15. A. newB. fullC. flatD. silent16. A. blockB. avoidC. enjoyD. store17. A. InsteadB. HoweverC. GraduallyD. Similarly18. A. nature-lovingB. energy-savingC. weathe
11、r-beatenD. sun-starved19. A. bigB. clearC. coldD. easy20. A. tryingB. waitingC. watchingD. sharing【答案】 （1）C；（2）D；（3）B；（4）A；（5）B；（6）C；（7）C；（8）D；（9）B；（10）A；（11）C；（12）A；（13）D；（14）A；（15）B；（16）C；（17）B；（18）D；（19）A；（20）D； 【解析】【分析】本文讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增
12、添一丝明亮。 （1）考查副词辨析。A.only仅仅；B.obviously；显然地；C.nearly几乎；D.precisely精确的。根据前文fromlateSeptembertomid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故答案为C。 （2）考查动词辨析。A.fear害怕；B.believe相信；C.hear听见；D.notice注意。根据后文 but down in the valley its darker 可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们注意到，故答案为D。 （3）考查形容词词义辨析。A.empty空的；B.blue蓝
13、色的；C.high搞得；D.wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故答案为B。 （4）考查形容词辨析。A.cloudy多云的；B.normal正常的；C.different不同的；D.warm温暖的。根据前文 but down in the valley its darker可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故答案为A。 （5）考查动词辨析。A.helped帮助；B.changed改变；C.happened发生；D.mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故答案为B。 （6）考查名词辨析。A.computers电脑；B.teles
14、copes望远镜；C.mirrors镜子；D.cameras相机。根据后文toreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，可知是镜子，故答案为C。 （7）考查动词辨析。A.remembered记得；B.forecasted预报；C.received获得，收到；D.imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故答案为C。 （8）考查名词辨析。A.repair修理；B.risk风险；C.rest休息；D.use使用。根据前一句theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一
15、缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，putsthtouse把某物投入使用。故答案为D。 （9）考查动词辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A.forbids禁止；B.directs指导，导演；C.predicts预测；D.follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。 （10）考查名词辨析。A.day白天；B.night夜晚；C.month月；D.year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故答案为A。 （11）考查名词辨析。A.library图书馆；B.hall大厅；C.square广场；D.stree
16、t街道。根据后文Thetownsquare可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故答案为C。 （12）考查动词辨析。A.appeared出现；B.returned归还；C.faded褪去；D.stopped停止。根据后文Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故答案为A。 （13）考查动词辨析。A.driving驾驶；B.hiding隐藏；C.camping露营；D.sitting坐。根据本句andstandingthere可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故答案为D。 （14）考查名词辨析。A.pictu
17、res照片，图片；B.notes笔记；C.care照顾；D.hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故答案为A。 （15）考查形容词辨析。A.new新的；B.full满的；C.flat平坦的；D.silent沉默的。根据后文Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故答案为B。 （16）考查动词辨析。A.block阻挡；B.avoid避免；C.enjoy喜欢，享受；D.store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故答案为C。 （17）考查副词辨析。A.Instead代替；B
18、.However然而；C.Gradually逐渐地；D.Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故答案为B。 （18）考查形容词辨析。A.nature-loving热爱自然的；B.energy-saving节能的；C.weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D.sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故答案为D。 （19）考查形容词辨析。A.big大的；B.clear清晰的；C.cold冷的；D.easy容易的。根据前文可知
19、，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故答案为A。 （20）考查动词辨析。A.trying尝试；B.waiting等待；C.watching观看；D.sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故答案为D。2016年，上海卷，完形填空In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 1
20、 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 2 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 3 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effec
21、tively, or that decisions must be imposed from 4 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 5 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decis
22、ion-making all members of the department or work group are asked to 6 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 7 . Some experts say that women will become more effective man
23、agers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 8 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 9 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards d
24、ownsizing: 10 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 11 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 12 been
25、the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 13 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 14 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail
26、 and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 15 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.1. A. desireB. seekC. loseD. dislike 2. A. contraryB. expectationC. degreeD. extreme 3. A. vice
27、 versaB. for exampleC. howeverD. otherwise4. A. outsideB. insideC. belowD. above 5. A. replacingB. assessingC. managingD. encouraging 6. A. referB. contributeC. objectD. apply7. A. agreementB. practiceC. electionD. impression8. A. bossyB. experiencedC. westernD. male 9. A. askingB. trainingC. warnin
28、gD. firing 10. A. doublingB. maintainingC. reducingD. estimating 11. A. honored B. leftC. crowdedD. compared12. A. economicallyB. traditionallyC. inadequatelyD. occasionally 13. A. denyB. admitC. assumeD. ensure14. A. virtualB. ineffectiveC. day-to-dayD. on-the-scene15. A. opinionB. riskC. performan
29、ceD. attractiveness【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论授权管理及其作用。1. D 根据后半句.will do anything to avoid it可知人们本能上不喜欢工作，他们为逃避工作可以做任何事情。故D项正确。2. A to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端。此处是说，无论如何，尽管很多证据与这个理论相反，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A项正确。3. B 由后面的例子他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给予他们不断的监督可知此处是举例说明。故B项正确。4. D 根据后句可知，
30、此处是说，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D项above上面的正确。5. C 根据前段可知本文讨论的是管理学的理论，此处是说，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故C项正确。6. B refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献，导致；object to反对；apply to适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故B项正确。7. A agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象。此处是说，亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同协商的基础上的，西方人
31、也想模仿这样的管理方法。故A项正确。8. D 根据前半句.women will become more effective managers than men.可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效，因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D项正确。9. A 根据前句. encourage employees to use their own initiative. （鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神），也就是说在作出决定的时候不用先请示上级经理。故A项正确。10. C 根据the trend towards downsizing（缩小规模的趋势）可知，也就是要减少管理层的数量，
32、可以直接作出决定而不需要请示上级，故动词reduce减少符合语境。11. B be honored with被授予；be left with留下，剩下；be crowded with挤满；be compared with与相比，通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和与公众直接联系的一线管理人，省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的成效。故B项正确。12. B economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地。根据后句Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of manageme
33、nt control可知授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B项正确。13. D deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保。授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。14. A virtual虚拟的；ineffective无效果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own ho
34、uses可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行管理的方法。故A项正确。15. C opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力。根据后半句in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品，而不是他们的工作时间。故C项正确。1Over the centuries Shakespeares plays have gained
35、a reputation for being difficult to understand. But if his work is experienced on stage as Shakespeare intended, then it can become much clearer. In fact 95% of the words used in Shakespeares plays are the same words we use today.The meanings of some words have altered significantly, 1 , because Sha
36、kespeare was writing at a time of great linguistic change. This gave him a certain amount of 2 license in his language.So what can Shakespeares plays tell us about how people really spoke at this time? And did anyone really speak like his characters? The lines spoken by Corin to Rosalind and Celia i
37、n As You Like It probably werent 3 of an Elizabethan shepherd.The first thing to remember about Shakespeares work is that he wrote plays to entertain. They are 4 works, and the dialogue was exploited to suit the stage. Therefore his characters language did not always 5 how real people would have spo
38、ken.For instance, in As You Like It when Corin, the shepherd, talks of love, his lines are beautiful and poetic but 6 unrealistic. The lines Shakespeare gave Corin probably wouldnt have been used by an Elizabethan shepherd instead they 7 to highlight the drama.Another example of how the theatrical s
39、tyle enriched Shakespeares text can be seen in the structure of his lines. According to the practice of the time, Shakespeare wrote his poems in iambic pentameter(抑扬格五音步) so it was 8 for his actors to learn. When Shakespeare was writing, new plays were performed every day so this 10-beat structure w
40、as a great help for anyone having to learn a lot of lines for the next days play. 9 this structure meant that, on occasion, Shakespeare made up or adapted words to fit. 10 , on several occasions Shakespeare changed the word “vast” to “vasty” when “vast” did not fit the 11 of the line. But if we look
41、 beyond the dialogue to the words themselves we can find out a little of how people really spoke.We can come close to this thanks to “original pronunciation” which is a system of 12 that reproduce how the Elizabethans are believed to have spoken. Today it sounds like a West Country accent, with echo
42、es of other parts of the country. When we 13 this to Shakespeares dialogue, rhymes and puns(押韵与双关) that are not heard in modern English are suddenly revealed.So through Shakespeares plays we can 14 a great deal about how people really spoke. His dialogue was on the whole representative of the langua
43、ge of the time and area and now provides us with invaluable insight into a(n) 15 language.1.A.otherwiseB.furthermoreC.howeverD.hence2.A.creativeB.significantC.limitedD.practical3.A.criticalB.typicalC.proudD.afraid4.A.valuableB.outstandingC.efficientD.dramatic5.A.reflectB.meanC.signD.signal6.A.luckil
44、yB.essentiallyC.generallyD.naturally7.A.constructB.produceC.functionD.illustrate8.A.easierB.worseC.wiserD.slower9.A.Falling intoB.Varying fromC.Agreeing toD.Sticking to10.A.By contrastB.For exampleC.Whats moreD.In consequence11.A.structureB.styleC.rhythmD.form12.A.speechB.writingC.communicationD.sym
45、bol13.A.fitB.devoteC.applyD.input14.A.keep upB.find outC.take onD.bring about15.A.lostB.difficultC.ongoingD.global2The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.Starbucks literally cha
46、nged the definition of “a good cup of coffee”. For Starbucks, the brand had three elements: coffee, 16 and stores. Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans 17 that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality. Outstanding store personnel were employed and trained in coffee
47、knowledge and 18 service. Store design, atmosphere and aroma (浓香) all 19 the “Starbucks Experience”.Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the “Starbucks Experience”, 20 coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers. 21 those tradition
48、al coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provides you with more than coffee. You get great people, first-rate music, a comfortable and upbeat meeting place, and 22 advice on brewing excellent coffee at home. At home youre part of a family. At work youre part of a compan
49、y. And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself. Thats what a Starbucks store has been 23 to creating for its customers a kind of “third place” where they can 24 , reflect, read, chat or listen.The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double
50、image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the 25 from the wooden statue of the sea. Mermaid logo also 26 original and modern meanings: her face is very simple, but with modern abstract forms of packaging; the middle is black and white, the only color on the outside surrounded by a
51、circle.Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of 27 : the visual warmth, hearing the way, smelling the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think, through the huge glass windows, watching the crowded streets, 28 sipping a coffee flavor, which is in line with the
52、“Yapi”, the feeling of experience in the 29 life.But the 30 of Starbucks is not about the coffee, although its great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier. Coffee consumption, to a great extent, is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.16.A.peopleB.managersC.customersD.clients17.A.assuredB.promi
53、sedC.ensuredD.predicted18.A.emergencyB.environmentC.employmentD.customer19.A.consisted ofB.benefited fromC.contributed toD.headed for20.A.going beyondB.coming acrossC.making upD.depending on21.A.With regard toB.In addition toC.Compared withD.In terms of22.A.generalB.reasonableC.legalD.fascinating23.
54、A.committedB.alertedC.subjectedD.required24.A.negotiateB.performC.concealD.escape25.A.imaginationB.inspirationC.patentD.philosophy26.A.createsB.cultivatesC.creditsD.conveys27.A.brandB.logoC.possessionD.experience28.A.greedilyB.gentlyC.persistentlyD.indifferently29.A.busyB.easyC.miserableD.energetic3
55、0.A.productB.visionC.essenceD.importance3 The residents of Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin are no strangers to wild turkeys. However, Smoke, a turkey that has been living in the town since spring this year, is 31 . The bird runs after 32 vehicles, and “controls” 33 flow by parking himself in the middle of th
56、e road. He is also known to boldly 34 residents and shout at them, as though saying 35 to them.Though the bird can be somewhat annoying at times, the 36 have grown to love their resident wild turkey. Those who commonly kept to themselves are forming 37 after Smokes arrival, using the new common pet
57、as an ice breaker to start a 38 .To show their 39 , the residents recently named Smoke the towns honorary mayor, and 40 a Facebook page “Smoke Turkey-Mayor of Ashwaubenon” to 41 the growing fans to keep up with the birds antics(滑稽动作).Randy Tews is well aware of Smokes 42 . He says, “I think some res
58、idents will be 43 to see him go. Hes brought so many smiles to peoples faces here. And this turkey is 44 traffic for people on their way to work, and it gives them something to cheer about.”However, people are 45 that Smokes rising popularity will result in road accidents as distracted drivers try t
59、o take a 46 or two. There is also the danger of a traffic jam caused by drivers 47 stepping on their brakes to avoid hitting the bird, which regularly 48 around on busy roads.Despite months of trying, all 49 to catch and take Smoke to a nearby wildlife rescue station have proved 50 . The turkey seem
60、s to love the residents, unwilling to leave the town.31.A.commonB.smartC.wildD.unique32.A.flyingB.movingC.restingD.working33.A.informationB.waterC.trafficD.air34.A.approachB.escapeC.attackD.scare35.A.sorryB.helloC.yesD.no36.A.fansB.birdsC.localsD.cleaners37.A.classesB.visionsC.bondsD.shapes38.A.conv
61、ersationB.projectC.businessD.club39.A.attitudeB.viewC.affectionD.talent40.A.gave upB.made upC.put upD.set up41.A.forceB.allowC.requireD.beg42.A.realityB.possibilityC.abilityD.popularity43.A.sadB.delightedC.annoyedD.excited44.A.monitoringB.directingC.changingD.recording45.A.afraidB.proudC.sorryD.sure
62、46.A.restB.photoC.stepD.turn47.A.gentlyB.heavilyC.speciallyD.suddenly48.A.jumpsB.jogsC.wandersD.lies49.A.attemptsB.strugglesC.challengesD.tricks50.A.unfairB.unusualC.uneasyD.unsuccessful4Most people agree that a pet adds joy to a persons life. Scientists are now finding that having a pet may keep it
63、s owner 51 . And good health may add years to a persons life.Scientists have been 52 the tie（关系） between pets and health for years. In 1990, a study was done with people aged 65 and older. It 53 that pet owners went to the doctor less than people 54 pets. Do pets make people 55 ? Are people able to
64、handle their everyday lives better? Alan Beck, who is a researcher, says that 56 the answer to the questions is yes, then having pets may be a good idea.Can pets also help people live longer? Rebecca Johnson did a study to 57 . Johnson teaches nurses how to care for 58 people. Her study shows that h
65、aving pets may cause people to 59 more slowly.The human body makes many chemicals. Some of the chemicals make people feel 60 . Others make people feel bad. In Johnsons 61 , levels of the “good” chemicals 62 when people were around pets while levels of the “bad” chemicals went down. The good 63 seeme
66、d to slow the aging of cells. If this is 64 , maybe people should spend more time with their 65 . Then people might feel better and 66 longer.You might be allergic（过敏的） to pets. Or you may not want to 67 a pet. Never fear. A robotic, or computer pet may be just the thing for you. Scientists are test
67、ing computer pets, like the robotic dog AIBO. They want to see if 68 pets can help people the way 69 dogs do.Will a robotic pet 70 the real pet sitting with you on the sofa? Something tells us that it will probably become a reality.51.A.excited B.mad C.hurried D.healthy52.A.carrying out B.making up
68、C.looking at D.breaking down53.A.showed B.warned C.reminded D.advised54.A.through B.beyond C.against D.without55.A.busier B.happier C.funnier D.angrier56.A.though B.if C.until D.unless57.A.find out B.put out C.look out D.set out58.A.sick B.friendly C.lovely D.old59.A.move B.grow C.age D.walk60.A.bor
69、ed B.good C.sleepy D.surprised61.A.study B.work C.story D.case62.A.changed B.varied C.fell D.rose63.A.sides B.chemicals C.studies D.dogs64.A.unusual B.important C.true D.impossible65.A.neighbors B.friends C.pets D.children66.A.live B.wander C.stay D.travel67.A.head for B.search for C.cheer for D.car
70、e for68.A.baby B.computer C.family D.toy69.A.brave B.faithful C.real D.quiet70.A.destroy B.accompany C.improve D.replace5 For centuries, Beijing has been one of Chinas most important cities. 71 a place for emperors and officials, today it is an international city and a popular tourist 72 . People fr
71、om all over the country are moving to Beijing to 73 jobs and opportunities as this exciting city is a place where dreams can come true. Throughout the city, 74 dressed business people 75 for their offices, mobile phones held to their ears and visitors can only watch and imagine the deals and 76 bein
72、g made at that very second.Beijings streets provide a fascinating 77 of the past and the present. In tea houses, groups of old men play chess 78 the Macdonalds next door is filled with laughing teenagers sipping milkshakes. Walking through the broad streets 79 with designer stores and multi-storey s
73、kyscrapers, you can 80 a turn and suddenly find yourself in a centurys old 81 where a fruit seller chats happily to an old woman sitting in the sun. Many of the road signs and advertising billboards are now in 82 , making Beijing more 83 to foreigners. Public transport is efficient, new businesses a
74、re 84 , and every modern convenience and international brand is 85 in this booming global city.Beijing has some of Chinas most stunning 86 . Visitors often come to Beijing with the single 87 to see the Great Wall, one of the ancient wonders of the world, but once theyve arrived, they realize that th
75、is is only one of the citys 88 . In fact, what visitors ever seem to only 89 about Beijing, is that they simply 90 time before seeing it all.71.A.SeparatelyB.ImportantlyC.OriginallyD.Specially72.A.placeB.destinationC.sceneryD.feast73.A.search forB.look intoC.race withD.struggle against74.A.casuallyB
76、.seriouslyC.smartlyD.traditionally75.A.callB.workC.advertiseD.head76.A.benefitsB.fortunesC.callsD.appointments77.A.developmentB.descriptionC.introductionD.mix78.A.whileB.whenC.asD.although79.A.filledB.accompaniedC.linedD.equipped80.A.takeB.crossC.findD.face81.A.shopB.squareC.houseD.lane82.A.EnglishB
77、.ChineseC.sightD.order83.A.attractiveB.impressiveC.unforgettableD.accessible84.A.changingB.growingC.tradingD.declining85.A.affordableB.beneficialC.availableD.significant86.A.sightsB.traditionsC.eventsD.records87.A.advantageB.desireC.benefitD.routine88.A.descriptionsB.attractionsC.possessionsD.marks8
78、9.A.enjoyB.travelC.complainD.praise90.A.take upB.get rid ofC.make use ofD.run out of6Friendly LaughterMost people can share a laugh with a total stranger. But there are subtle - and 91 - differences in our laughs with friends. Greg Bryant, a cognitive scientist at the University of California, Los A
79、ngeles, and his colleagues previously found that adults from 24 societies around the world can distinguish simultaneous co-laughter between friends from that between strangers. The findings suggested that his ability may be 92 used to help read social interactions. So the researchers wondered: Can b
80、abies distinguish such laughter, too?Bryant and his fellow researcher Athena Vouloumanos, a developmental psychologist at New York University, played recording of co-laughter between 93 of either friends or strangers to 24 five-month-old infants in New York City. The babies listened 94 to the laughs
81、 shared between buddies - suggesting they could tell the two types apart, according to a study published in March in Scientific Reports. The researchers then showed the babies short videos of two people acting either like friends or strangers and paired those with the 95 recordings. The babies stare
82、d for longer at clips paired with a mismatched recording - for example, if they saw friends 96 but heard strangers laughing. Theres something about co-laughter that is giving 97 to even a five-month-old about the social relationship between the individuals, Bryant says. Exactly what components of la
83、ughter the infants are detecting remains to be seen, but prior work by Bryants team provides 98 . Laughs between friends tend to include greater variations in pitch and 99 , for example. Such characteristics also distinguish 100 laughs from fake ones. Many scientists think heartfelt laughter most li
84、kely 101 from play vocalizations, which are also produced by nonhuman primates, rodents and other mammals. Fake laughter probably emerged later in humans, 102 that ability to produce a wide range of speech sounds. The researchers suggest that we may be 103 to spontaneous（自发的）laughter during developm
85、ent because of its long evolutionary history. Its really cool to see how early infants are distinguishing between different forms of laughter, says Adrienne Wood, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, who was not involved in the study. Almost every 104 moment is a social interaction for babi
86、es. Therefore it 105 that they are becoming very much accustomed to their social worlds.91.A.distinctB.invisibleC.detectableD.conscious92.A.universallyB.apparentlyC.fairlyD.precisely93.A.groupsB.pairsC.rivalsD.partners94.A.shorterB.longerC.less patientlyD.more diligently95.A.friendlyB.strangeC.visua
87、lD.audio96.A.interactingB.reflectingC.clubbingD.interpreting97.A.valueB.meaningC.informationD.friendship98.A.accountsB.implicationsC.routesD.hints99.A.engagementB.frequencyC.intensityD.length100.A.obligedB.involuntaryC.encouragedD.internal101.A.evolvedB.heapedC.sprangD.originated102.A.apart fromB.al
88、ong withC.as againstD.ahead of103.A.availableB.crucialC.sensitiveD.neutral104.A.screamingB.kickingC.shiftingD.waking105.A.turns outB.comes trueC.rings hollowD.makes sense1【答案】1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过莎士比亚的戏剧讲述了人们是如何说话的。1.考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有些词的意思已经
89、发生了很大的变化，因为莎士比亚是在语言发生巨大变化的时候写作的。A. otherwise否则；B. furthermore而且；C. however然而；D. hence因此。由上文的95% of the words used in Shakespeares plays are the same words we use today和The meanings of some words have altered significantly可知，前后两句表转折，应用however。故选C项。2.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他的语言中，这给予他某种创造性的许可证。A. creative创造力的；B
90、. significant重要的；C. limited有限的；D. practical实际的。由上文的Shakespeare was writing at a time of great linguistic change可知，莎士比亚在语言发生巨变的时候写作，所以语言会具有创造性。故选A项。3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科林在皆大欢喜中对罗莎琳德和西莉亚说的台词不可能代表伊丽莎白时代牧羊人说话方法。A. critical关键的；B. typical典型的、代表的；C. proud骄傲的；D. afraid害怕的。由下文的when Corin, the shepherd, talks of l
91、ove, his lines are beautiful and poetic可知，莎士比亚笔下的牧羊人说的诗句优美而富有诗意，这不可能代表伊丽莎白时代牧羊人说话方式。故选B项。4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是戏剧作品，对话被用来配合舞台。A. valuable贵重的；B. outstanding杰出的；C. efficient有效的；D. dramatic戏剧的。由下文的the dialogue was exploited to suit the stage可知，莎士比亚的作品是戏剧作品。故选D项。5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，他笔下人物的语言并不总是能反映出真实的人是如何说话的。A
92、. reflect反映；B. mean意味着；C. sign签（名）；D. signal示意。由上文的he wrote plays to entertain和the dialogue was exploited to suit the stage可知，他笔下人物的语言并不总是能反映出真实的人是如何说话的。故选A项。6.考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，在皆大欢喜中，牧羊人科林谈到爱时，他的诗句优美而富有诗意，但本质上是不现实的。A. luckily幸运地；B. essentially本质上地；C. generally一般地；D. naturally自然地。由上文的when Corin, the s
93、hepherd, talks of love, his lines are beautiful and poetic可知，牧羊人的诗句优美而富有诗意，这本质上是不现实的。故选B项。7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：莎士比亚给科林的台词可能不会被伊丽莎白时代的牧羊人使用，相反，它们的作用是突出戏剧。A. construct建造；B. produce产生；C. function起作用；D. illustrate解释、说明。由上文的the dialogue was exploited to suit the stage可知，莎士比亚语言的作用是突出戏剧。故选C项。8.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据当时的惯
94、例，莎士比亚用抑扬格五步格来写他的诗，这样他的演员们就更容易学习了。A. easier更简单的；B. worse更糟的；C. wiser更聪明的；D. slower更慢的。由上文的According to the practice of the time可知，莎士比亚按惯例用抑扬格五步格来写他的诗，所以演员们更容易学习。故选A项。9.考查动词短语辨析。句意：坚持这种结构意味着，莎士比亚有时会编造或改编词语来适应。A. Falling into陷入；B. Varying from不同于；C. Agreeing to同意；D. Sticking to坚持。由上文的this 10-beat stru
95、cture was a great help for anyone having to learn a lot of lines for the next days play可知莎士比亚坚持抑扬格五步格结构。故选D项。10.考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，莎士比亚曾多次将“vast”一词改为“vasty”，而“vast”与诗行的节奏不符。A. By contrast作比较；B. For example例如；C. Whats more更重要的是；D. In consequence结果。由全文语境可知，此处表示举例。故选B项。11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，莎士比亚曾多次将“vast”一词改为“
96、vasty”，而“vast”与诗行的节奏不符。A. structure结构；B. style风格；C. rhythm节奏；D. form形式。由上文的Shakespeare changed the word “vast” to “vasty”可知，“vast”与诗行的节奏不符。故选C项。12.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们之所以能接近这一点，要归功于“原始发音”，这是一种模仿伊丽莎白时代人说话方式的语言系统。A. speech说话方式；B. writing写作；C. communication交流；D. symbol象征。由上文的original pronunciation可知，这是一种语言系统
97、。故选A项。13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们把这一点应用到莎士比亚的对话中时，现代英语中听不到的押韵和双关语会突然显露出来。A. fit适合；B. devote贡献；C. apply应用；D. input输入。由下文的rhymes and puns(押韵与双关) that are not heard in modern English are suddenly revealed可知，是把这一点应用到了莎士比亚的对话中，才能凸显区别（听到现代英语中听不到的押韵和双关语）。故选C项。14.考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，通过莎士比亚的戏剧，我们可以发现很多关于人们是如何说话的。A. keep u
98、p保持；B. find out发现；C. take on承担；D. bring about导致。由上文的But if we look beyond the dialogue to the words themselves we can find out a little of how people really spoke可知，从莎士比亚的戏剧中，我们可以发现人们是如何说话的。故选B项。15.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的对话大体上代表了当时和地区的语言，现在为我们提供了对一种失落的语言的宝贵见解。A. lost失去的、失落的；B. difficult困难的；C. ongoing不断发展的；D
99、. global全球的。由全文语境可知，莎士比亚的语言现在已经不被使用了，失去了。故选A项。2【答案】16.A 17.C 18.D 19.C 20.A 21.C 22.B 23.A 24.D 25.B 26.D 27.D 28.B 29.A 30.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了虽然星巴克的咖啡很棒，但星巴克的精髓不在于咖啡，而在于它的企业文化。16.考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于星巴克来说，这个品牌有三个要素：咖啡、人和商店。A. people人（们）；B. managers经理；C. customers顾客；D. clients客户。上文说星巴克将打造品牌个性的理念作为企业文化的一部分，将
100、意义嵌入产品中，从而吸引更多的顾客，由此可知，人是星巴克品牌文化的三个要素之一，故A项正确。17.考查动词词义辨析。句意：对咖啡豆的质量和加工过程进行严格的控制，确保了咖啡的最高品质。A. assured担保；B. promised承诺；C. ensured 确保、保证；D. predicted预言。对咖啡豆的质量和加工过程进行严格的控制的目的自然是确保咖啡的最高品质，故C项正确。18.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在咖啡知识和客户服务方面雇用和培训了优秀的店员。A. emergency紧急情况；B. environment环境；C. employment就业；D. customer客户。根据常识可
101、知，店员上岗前要进行客户服务方面的培训，customer service表示“客户服务”，故D项正确。19.考查动词短语辨析。句意：店内的设计、氛围和香气都为星巴克体验做出了贡献。A. consisted of由组成；B. benefited from从中受益；C. contributed to有助于、为做贡献；D. headed for前往。根据常识可知，咖啡店的设计、氛围和浓郁的香气都为顾客的星巴克体验做出了贡献，故C项正确。20.考查动词短语辨析。句意：星巴克以“星巴克体验”为荣，其服务超出了咖啡，为顾客提供独特的体验。A. going beyond超出；B. coming across
102、遇到；C. making up弥补；D. depending on在上花费。下文说星巴克为您提供的不仅仅是咖啡，由此可知，“星巴克体验”超出了咖啡，为顾客提供独特的体验，故A项正确。21.考查介词短语辨析。句意：与传统的咖啡店为您提供的服务相比，星巴克为您提供的不仅仅是咖啡。With regard to至于；B. In addition to除之外（还）；C. Compared with与相比；D. In terms of在方面。空后提到了传统咖啡店的服务，因此是星巴克与传统咖啡店的对比，故C项正确。22.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这里有很棒的人，一流的音乐，舒适、积极的会议场所，以及在家里煮
103、优质咖啡的合理建议。A. general一般的；B. reasonable合理的；C. legal合法的；D. fascinating迷人的。根据常食可知，星巴克自然会为顾客提供在家煮一杯好咖啡的合理建议，故B项正确。23.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是星巴克致力于为顾客创造的一种“第三空间”，在那里他们可以远离（喧嚣）、思考、阅读、聊天或倾听。A. committed承诺、投身；B. alerted警告；C. subjected 臣服；D. required要求。be committed to表示“致力于”，故A项正确。24.考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. negotiate谈判；B. p
104、erform执行； C. conceal隐藏；D. escape远离、避开。根据空后的“reflect, read, chat or listen”可知，在星巴克创造的“第三空间”里，人们可以远离（喧嚣）、旨在突出星巴克创造的安静环境，故D项正确。25.考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是由特里赫克勒设计的，他从木制的海洋雕像中得到灵感。 A. imagination想象；B. inspiration灵感；C. patent专利权；D. philosophy哲理。上文说绿色星巴克标识是一个美人鱼，这个设计灵感是特里赫克勒从木制的海洋雕像中获得的，故B项正确。26.考查动词词义辨析。句意：美人鱼标识还传
105、达了原始和现代的含义。A. creates创造；B. cultivates培养；C. credits赞颂；D. conveys传达。根据常识可知，一个品牌的标识自然会传达某种含义，故D项正确。27.考查名词词义辨析。句意：星巴克将典型的美国文化逐渐分解为体验元素：视觉上的温暖，听觉上煮咖啡的声音，嗅觉上的咖啡香气等等。A. brand品牌；B. logo标识；C. possession财产；D. experience体验。根据冒号后的内容可知此处指“体验元素”，故D项正确。28.考查副词词义辨析。句意：试想，透过巨大的玻璃窗，望着拥挤的街道，轻轻地啜一口咖啡香，这正符合“雅痞”，在忙碌的生活中
106、体验的感觉。A. greedily贪婪地；B. gently轻轻地；C. persistently固执地；D. indifferently冷淡地。根据常识可知，刚煮好的咖啡是非常热的，要一小口一小口轻轻地啜着喝，故B项正确。29.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. busy忙碌的；B. easy简单的； C. miserable悲惨的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据上文说的拥挤的街道可知，平时的生活节奏是很快的，因此此处指的是“忙碌的生活”，故A项正确。30.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但星巴克的精髓不在于咖啡，尽管它是很棒的咖啡。A. product产品；B. vision视力；C.
107、essence精髓、精华；D. importance重要性。空后说咖啡只是一种载体，咖啡消费在很大程度上是一种情感和文化层面的消费，因此此处是说星巴克的精髓不在于咖啡，而在于它的文化，故C项正确。3【答案】31.D 32.B 33.C 34.A 35.B 36.C 37.C 38.A 39.C 40.D 41.B 42.D 43.A、 44.B 45.A 46.B 47.D 48.C 49.A 50.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍Ashwaubenon的一个不速之客野火鸡Smoke，以及它受到到当地人们喜爱的故事。31.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Smoke，这只从今年春天起就住在镇上
108、的火鸡，却是独一无二的。A. common普通的；B. smart聪明的；C. wild野生的；D. unique独特的。结合后文描述Smoke追逐移动的汽车，将自己停在路中间的行为，可知Smoke是一只很独特的火鸡。故选D。32.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这只鸟会跟在移动的车辆后面跑，它会把自己停在路中间来“控制”交通流量。A. flying能飞的；B. moving移动的；C. resting静止的；D. working有工作的。结合上文The bird runs after可推知Smoke会追逐移动中的汽车，故选B。33.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只鸟会跟在移动的车辆后面跑，它会把自己停
109、在路中间来“控制”交通流量。A. information信息；B. water水；C. traffic交通；D. air空气。根据后文flow by parking himself in the middle of the road.可知Smoke停在路中间，好像在“控制”交通流量。故选C。34.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他还以大胆地接近居民并对他们大喊大叫而闻名，就像对他们说“你好”一样。A. approach接近；B. escape逃跑；C. attack攻击；D. scare使害怕。根据后文residents and shout at them可知Smoke会大胆地接近居民并对他们大喊大叫
110、。故选A。35.考查交际用语。句意：他还以大胆地接近居民并对他们大喊大叫而闻名，就像对他们说“你好”一样。A. sorry抱歉；B. hello你好；C. yes是；D. no不。承接上文residents and shout at them, as though saying可知Smoke会大胆地接近居民并对他们大喊大叫，就像在跟居民们说“你好”打招呼一样。故选B。36.考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这只鸟有时会让人有些讨厌，但当地人已经开始喜欢他们的野火鸡居民了。A. fans狂热者；B. birds鸟类；C. locals当地人；D. cleaners清洁工。结合后文have grown
111、to love their resident可知此处指当地人（locals）已经开始喜欢他们的野火鸟居民了。故选C。37.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些通常不与人交往的人在Smoke到来后结成了友谊，用这只新的“共同宠物”作为打破僵局开始对话的开场白。A. classes课程；B. visions梦幻；C. bonds结合；D. shapes形状。结合后文using the new common pet as an ice breaker可知Smoke帮助当地人那些不常与人交往的人打破了僵局，结成了友谊。故选C。38.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些通常不与人交往的人在Smoke到来后结成了“友谊”
112、，用这只新的“共同宠物”作为打破僵局开始对话的开场白。A. conversation对话；B. project计划；C. business生意；D. club俱乐部。结合上文using the new common pet as an ice breaker可知当地不与人交往的人用Smoke作为打破僵局开始对话的开场白。故选A。39.考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了表达他们的喜爱，居民们最近任命Smoke为名誉市长，并在Facebook上建立了一个“火鸡SmokeAshwaubenon市长”的页面，让越来越多的Smoke粉丝们了解这只鸟的滑稽动作。A. attitude态度；B. view观察；C
113、. affection喜爱；D. talent才能。根据第二段中have grown to love their resident wild turkey.可知当地人都喜爱Smoke，为了表达他们的喜爱，居民们最近任命Smoke为名誉市长。故选C。40.考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了表达他们的喜爱，居民们最近任命了Smoke的名誉市长，并在Facebook上建立了一个“火鸡SmokeAshwaubenon市长”的页面，让越来越多的Smoke粉丝们了解这只鸟的滑稽动作。A. gave up放弃；B. made up编造；C. put up提供；D. set up建立。结合后文a Facebook
114、page “Smoke Turkey-Mayor of Ashwaubenon” to可知居民们为Smoke建立了（set up）网页。故选D。41.考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了表达他们的喜爱，居民们最近任命了Smoke的名誉市长，并在Facebook上建立了一个“火鸡SmokeAshwaubenon市长”的页面，让越来越多的Smoke粉丝们了解这只鸟的滑稽动作。A. force迫使；B. allow允许；C. require要求；D. beg恳求。结合后文the growing fans to keep up with the birds antics.可知建立网页是为了让更多喜欢Smoke
115、的人了解它，短语allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”。故选B。42.考查名词词义辨析。句意：Randy Tews很清楚Smoke受人欢迎。A. reality现实；B. possibility可能性；C. ability能力；D. popularity受欢迎。结合后文that Smokes rising popularity可知此处指Randy Tews很清楚Smoke受人欢迎。故选D。43.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为一些居民会对他的离去感到难过。A. sad悲伤的；B. delighted高兴的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. excited激动的。结合上文
116、内容可知当地人都很喜欢火鸡Smoke，因此肯定会对他的离去感到悲伤难过才对。故选A。44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只火鸡在人们上班的路上指挥交通，这让他们有了一些值得高兴的事情。A. monitoring监视；B. directing指挥，指导；C. changing改变；D. recording记录。结合第一段中and “controls” flow by parking himself in the middle of the road.可知火鸡Smoke站在路中间，好像在指挥交通。故选B。45.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，人们担心，Smoke越来越受欢迎会导致交通事故，因为分心的司
117、机会试图拍一两张照片。A. afraid担心的，害怕的；B. proud自豪的；C. sorry抱歉的；D. sure确信的。根据后文that Smokes rising popularity will result in road accidents可知人们担心，Smoke越来越受欢迎会导致交通事故。故选A。46.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，人们担心，Smoke越来越受欢迎会导致交通事故，因为分心的司机会试图拍一两张照片。A. rest休息；B. photo照片；C. step台阶；D. turn转弯。上文提到了Smoke很受欢迎，那么慕名而来的司机肯定会为给Smoke拍照而分心，从而导致
118、交通事故。短语take a photo表示“拍照”。故选B。47.考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，驾驶员突然踩下刹车以避免撞到这只经常在繁忙的道路上游荡的鸟，这也有可能导致交通堵塞。A. gently温柔地；B. heavily沉重地；C. specially特别地；D. suddenly突然。结合后文stepping on their brakes to avoid hitting the bird司机突然（suddenly）踩下刹车以避免撞到这只经常在繁忙的道路上游荡的鸟，也可能导致交通堵塞。其他选项不符合语境。故选D。48.考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，驾驶员突然踩下刹车以避免撞到这只经常
119、在繁忙的道路上游荡的鸟，这也有可能导致交通堵塞。A. jumps跳跃；B. jogs慢跑；C. wanders游荡，徘徊；D. lies躺下。根据第一段中by parking himself in the middle of the road可知Smoke经常在路中间徘徊游荡。故选C。49.考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管经过了几个月的尝试，所有试图抓住并将Smoke带到附近的野生动物救助站的尝试都被证明是不成功的。A. attempts尝试，企图；B. struggles挣扎；C. challenges挑战；D. tricks诡计。结合上文提到的Smoke在路上可能导致安全事故，以及后文to c
120、atch and take Smoke to a nearby wildlife rescue station可知人们为了抓住并将Smoke带到附近的野生动物救助站进行了各种尝试。故选A。50.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管经过了几个月的尝试，所有试图抓住并将Smoke带到附近的野生动物救助站的尝试都被证明是不成功的。A. unfair不公平的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. uneasy不舒服的；D. unsuccessful不成功的。结合后文The turkey seems to love the residents, unwilling to leave the town.可知Smo
121、ke不似乎不愿意离开这个镇子，可推知人们想抓住它，并带去附近的野生动物救助站的尝试都没有成功。故选D。4【答案】51. D 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B 56. B 57. A 58. D 59.C 60. B 61. A 62. D 63. B 64. C 65. C 66. A 67.D 68. B 69. C 70. D 【解析】本文向我们介绍了养宠物的好处，可以使我们更健康，寿命更长；那么对于那些对宠物过敏或不想照顾宠物的人来说怎么办呢？机器狗有朝一日会取代真的宠物的。51.考查形容词。A. excited兴奋的；B. mad疯狂的；C. hurried匆忙的；D.
122、healthy健康的。根据后面的句子健康的身体能够增加人的寿命，可知该空健康的，故选D。52.考查动词词组A. carrying out执行；B. making up组成，虚构，化妆；C. looking at看；D. breaking down机器出故障，崩溃，化解。根据句意应是几年以来科学家一直在关注宠物和健康之间的联系，故选C。53.考查动词。A. showed表明，展示；B. warned警告；C. reminded提醒，使想起；D.建议advised。根据前句的study研究，应该表达的是研究表明了某事，故选A。54.考查介词。A. through通过，穿过；B. beyond超过；
123、C. against反对；D. without没有。根据后面的less than可知是比较级，也就是说有两种情况进行比较，根据语境容易知道答案是without，故选D。55.考查形容词。A.busier更忙；B.happier更快乐的；C. funnier更可笑的；D.angrier更生气的。根据后句内容人们能够把日常的生活处理得更好吗？可知此处应填更快乐，故选B。56.考查连词。A. though虽然，尽管；B. if如果； C. until直到；D. unless除非。通过后一句回答的内容养宠物也许是一个好主意，可知前面应该是一种假设情况，故选B。57.考查动词词组。A. find out
124、弄清，查明；B. put out熄灭；C. look out当心；D. set out出发，动身。根据句意Rebecca Johnson教授做研究是为了弄清楚该问题，故选A。58.考查形容词。A. sick虚弱的；B. friendly友好的；C. lovely可爱的；D. old旧的，老的。通过后一句内容研究发现养宠物的人年龄增长比较缓慢，可推断出是Johnson教授教那些护士如何照顾老人，故选D。59.考查名词。A. move移动；B. grow生长；C. age年龄；D. walk步子。根据句意：研究发现养宠物的人年龄增长缓慢，故选C。60.考查形容词A. bored烦恼的B. good
125、好的；C. sleepy昏昏欲睡的；D. surprised吃惊的。通过后一句Others make people feel bad.可知前面的空应填good，故选B。61.考查名词。A. study学习，研究；B. work工作；C. story故事；D.case事件。文章多次出现这是Johnson教授做的研究，即study，故选A。62.考查动词。A. changed改变；B. varied变化，不同；C. fell落下；D. rose上升。该句中的while表对比，根据后半句的意思坏的化学物质量在下降，故可推断出好的化学物质的量在上升，故选D。63.考查名词。A. sides边；B. c
126、hemicals化学物质；C. studies研究，学习；D. dogs狗。根据后面内容“可以使细胞衰老变慢”，可知是上文提到的good chemicals；故选B。64.考查形容词。A. unusual不寻常的；B. important重要的；C. true真实的；D. impossible不可能的。根据句意：如果上述研究结果是真的，人们就多花时间跟宠物在一起，故选C。65.考查名词。A. neighbors邻居；B. friends朋友；C. pets宠物；D. children孩子。本文主要讲的是养宠物的好处，故选C。66.考查动词。A. live生活，活；B. wander徘徊；C.
127、stay呆在，停留；D. travel旅行。根据句意：人们会感觉更好活得更长，故选A。67.考查动词词组。A. head for前往；B. search for寻找；C. cheer for为欢呼；D. care for照顾，照看。根据句意：或者你不想照顾宠物，故选D。68.考查名词。A. computer电脑；B. baby婴儿；C. family家庭；D. toy玩具。根据前文可知科学家正在检测电子宠物是否有真的宠物的作用，故选B。69.考查形容词。A. brave勇敢的；B. faithful忠诚的；C. real真的，真实的；D. quiet安静的。根据后句Will a robotic
128、 pet _20_the real pet sitting with you on the sofa?提示可知，科学家正在检测电子宠物是否有真的宠物的作用。故选C。70.考查动词。A. destroy破坏，毁坏；B. accompany陪伴； C. improve提高，改善；D. replace取代。根据句意：一只机器狗将会代替一只真的狗与你一起坐在沙发上吗？故选D。5【答案】71.C 72.B 73.A 74.C 75.D 76.B 77.D 78.A 79.C 80.A 81.D 82.A 83.D 84.B 85.C 86.A 87.B 88.B 89.C 90.D【解析】这是一篇说明文
129、。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了北京一直是中国最重要的城市之一，也是著名的旅游城市，以及它目前的发展。71.考查副词词义辨析。句意：原来是皇帝和官员的地方，今天它是一个国际城市和一个受欢迎的旅游目的地。A. Separately单独；B.Importantly重要的是；C.Originally 最初；D.Specially特别地。根据下文的today it is an international city和尝试可知，此处用“原来”符合语境，故选C项。72.考查名词词义辨析。句意：原来是皇帝和官员的地方，今天它是一个国际城市和一个受欢迎的旅游目的地。A. place地点；B.destinati
130、on目的地；C.scenery 风景；D.feast 盛宴。根据下文的visitors can only watch and imagine the deals and _6_ being made at that very second.可知此处用“旅游目的地”符合语境，故选B项。73.考查动词短语辨析。句意：来自全国各地的人们正搬到北京寻找工作和机会，因为这个令人兴奋的城市是一个梦想可以实现的地方。A. search for寻找；B.look into 调查；C.race with与赛跑；D.struggle against抗争。根据下文的jobs and opportunities可知此
131、处用“寻找”符合语境，故选A项。74.考查副词词义辨析。句意：在整个城市，穿着利落的商务人士去他们的办公室，手机放在他们的耳朵上，游客只能看到和想象在那一秒的交易和财富。A. casually随便；B.seriously 严肃的；C.smartly聪明地，利落地；D.traditionally传统上。根据下文的business people可知此处用“穿着利落”符合语境，故选C项。75.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在整个城市，穿着利落的商务人士去他们的办公室，手机放在他们的耳朵上，游客只能看到和想象在那一秒的交易和财富。 A.call呼叫；B. work 工作；C.advertise 宣传；D.h
132、ead朝着。根据句意可知，此处考查短语head for“前往”，故选D项。76.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在整个城市，穿着利落的商务人士去他们的办公室，手机放在他们的耳朵上，游客只能看到和想象在那一秒的交易和财富。A.benefits好处；B.fortunes 命运，财富；C.calls 电话；D.appointments 约会。根据上文的business people和the deals，可知此处用“财富”符合语境，故选B项。77.考查名词词义辨析。句意：北京的街道提供了一个迷人的过去和现在的混合。A.development发展；B.description说明；C.introduction导言
133、；D.mix 混合。根据下文的the past and the present可知此处用“混合”符合语境，故选D项。78.考查连词词义辨析。句意：在茶馆里，一群老人在下棋，而隔壁的麦当劳到处都是爱笑的青少年在喝奶昔。A. while而；B. when当；C. as当，因为，随着；D. although尽管。根据句意可知，上下文是对比关系，用“而”符合语境，故选A项。79.考查动词词义辨析。句意：走在宽阔的街道上，两旁是名牌商店和多层摩天大楼，你可以拐个弯，突然发现自己置身于一条百年老巷子里，一个卖水果的人正和坐在阳光下的老妇人开心地聊天。A.filled填充；B.accompanied 陪伴；
134、C.lined沿形成行/列；D.equipped装备。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语be lined with“与并列”，故选C项。80.考查动词词义辨析。句意：走在宽阔的街道上，两旁是名牌商店和多层摩天大楼，你可以拐个弯，突然发现自己置身于一条百年老巷子里，一个卖水果的人正和坐在阳光下的老妇人开心地聊天。A. take带走；B.cross 十字架；C.find查找；D.face 脸。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语take a turn“转弯”，故选A项。81.考查名词词义辨析。句意：走在宽阔的街道上，两旁是名牌商店和多层摩天大楼，你可以拐个弯，突然发现自己置身于一条百年老巷子里，一个卖水果的
135、人正和坐在阳光下的老妇人开心地聊天。A.shop商店；B.square 广场；C.house 房子；D.lane 巷子。根据下文的where a fruit seller chats happily to an old woman sitting in the sun可推测他们此时在一个小巷子里，故选D项。82.考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在许多路标和广告牌都是用英文制作的，让外国人更容易理解北京。A.English英语；B.Chinese 中文；C.sight视线；D.order 命令。根据下文的making Beijing more _13_to foreigners可知，此处用“英语”符合
136、语境，故选A项。83.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在许多路标和广告牌都是用英文制作的，让外国人更容易理解北京。A. attractive吸引人；B. impressive 令人印象深刻；C.unforgettable 难忘的；D.accessible容易理解的。根据句意可知，此处是指用英语制作广告牌的目的是为了让外国人更容易理解北京，故选D项。84.考查动词词义辨析。句意：公共交通是高效的，新的企业正在增长，在这个蓬勃发展的全球城市，每一个现代化的便利设施和国际品牌都是可以找到的。A.changing改变；B.growing 增长；C trading交易；D.declining 衰落的。结合上
137、下文可知，本文主要讲述北京的迅速发展，再根据上文的new businesses可知此处用“增长”符合语境，故选B项。85.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：公共交通是高效的，新的企业正在增长，在这个蓬勃发展的全球城市，每一个现代化的便利设施和国际品牌都是可以找到的。A.affordable负担得起；B.beneficial有益的；C.available可找到的；D.significant 重要的。结合上下文可知，此处是指因为北京的迅速发展，很多便利设施和国际品牌都可以在北京找到，故选C项。86.考查名词词义辨析。句意：北京有一些中国最令人惊叹的景点。A. sights景点；B. traditions
138、传统；C. events事件；D. records记录。根据下文的Visitors often come to Beijing with the single _17_ to see the Great Wall可知，此处用“景点”符合语境，故选A项。87.考查名词词义辨析。句意：游客来北京往往只想看长城，世界古代奇迹之一，但一旦他们到了，他们就会意识到这只是这个城市的景点之一。A.advantage优势；B.desire 愿望，渴望；C.benefit 利益；D.routine路线。结合常识可知，很多外国人到北京都想看长城，故此处用“渴望”符合语境，故选B项。88.考查名词词义辨析。句意：游
139、客来北京往往只想看长城世界古代奇迹之一，但一旦他们到了，他们就会意识到这只是这个城市的景点之一。A. descriptions说明；B.attractions 景点；C.possessions财产；D.marks 标记。结合常识可知，长城是北京众多景点中的一个，故选B项。89.考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，游客们似乎只会抱怨北京的是，他们在看到这一切之前就已经没有时间了。A. enjoy享受；B.travel旅行；C.complain抱怨；D.praise 赞扬。根据下文的is that they simply_20_time before seeing it all.可知此处用“抱怨”符合
140、语境，故选C项。90.考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，游客们似乎只会抱怨北京的是，他们在看到这一切之前，就已经没有时间了。A. take up拿起；B.get rid of摆脱；C.make use of 利用；D.run out of用完。结合上下文可知，游客们没有更多的时间参观北京的其它景点，因为他们的时间已经用完了，故选D项。6【答案】91.C 92.A 93.B 94.B 95.D 96.A 97.C 98.D 99.C 100.B 101.A 102.B 103.C 104.D 105.D【解析】本文是说明文。格雷格布莱恩特，加州大学洛杉矶分校的认知科学家和他的同事们先前发现来自全世
141、界24个社会的成年人都能区分朋友之间和陌生人之间同时出现的 “共同笑声”。91.考查形容词辨析。句意：但在我们和朋友的笑声中，也有细微的、可察觉的差异。A. distinct区分的； B. invisible 无形的； C. detectable可探测的； D. conscious 有意识的。根据Most people can share a laugh with a total stranger. But得知，多数人可以和陌生人分享大笑，但是区别于跟朋友的笑，but表示转折，故选C。92.考查副词辨析。句意：研究结果表明，他的能力可能被普遍用于帮助解读社会交往。A. universally
142、普遍地； B. apparently明显地；C. fairly 相当地； D. precisely 精确地。根据上文Greg Bryant, a cognitive scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and his colleagues previously found that adults from 24 societies around the world can distinguish simultaneous co-laughter between friends from that between str
143、angers.得知全世界的人员参加调查，可知结果适用于全球。故选A。93.考查名词辨析。句意：布莱恩特和他的研究伙伴雅典娜沃卢马诺斯，纽约大学的一位发展心理学家播放一对对朋友或陌生人之间的笑声录音。A. groups小组；B. pairs 成对；C. rivals 对手； D. partners 伙伴。The researchers then showed the babies short videos of two people acting either like friends or strangers and paired those with the . recordings. 得知
144、或者朋友或者陌生人成对的笑声。故选B。94.考查形容词比较级辨析。句意：婴儿们听了更长的朋友之间的笑声-暗示他们可以区分两种类型。A. shorter更短的；B. longer更长的； C. less patiently更不耐心的； D. more diligently更勤奋的。- suggesting they could tell the two types apart,他们能够区分两种类型的表现是一个听的时间更长。故选B。95.考查形容词辨析。句意：研究人员随后给婴儿们看了两个要么像朋友，要么像陌生人的视频，然后把他们和录音配对。A. friendly 友好的； B. strange 奇
145、怪的； C. visual可视的；D. audio录音的。The babies stared for longer at clips paired with a mismatched recording可以得知这是录音的片段，故选D。96.考查动词辨析。句意：例如，如果他们看到朋友相互交流却听到陌生人在笑。A. interacting 交流； B. reflecting反映； C. clubbing泡夜总会；D. interpreting诠释; 说明。The babies stared for longer at clips paired with a mismatched recording
146、可以得知婴儿们盯着不匹配的片段，因此推断他们看到的是朋友的交流，听到的是陌生人在笑。故选A。97.考查名词辨析。句意：“同声笑语甚至可以给一个五个月大的孩子关于人们之间社交关系的信息。”布莱恩特说。A. value 价值； B. meaning 意思； C. information信息；D. friendship 友谊。about the social relationship between the individuals五个月大的孩子都能获得关于人们之间的社会关系的信息。故选C。98.考查名词辨析。句意：婴儿们究竟在笑中发现了什么成分还有待研究，但是科比的团队之前的工作提供了暗示。A. a
147、ccounts 数数；B. implications可能的影响(或作用、结果); C. routes 路径； D. hints暗示。Exactly what components of laughter the infants are detecting remains to be seen, but prior work by Bryants team provides前后表示转折，但是科比的团队之前的工作提供了暗示，故选D。99.考查名词辨析。句意：朋友间的笑声往往包括更多的音调和张力的变化。A. engagement 参与； B. frequency 频繁； C. intensity 紧
148、张，张力； D. length 长度。Laughs between friends tend to include greater variations in pitch and研究表明朋友之间的笑声有起伏变化，很自然，故选C。100.考查形容词辨析。句意：这样的特征也区分了不自觉的笑和假的笑。A. obliged感激的； B. involuntary非自愿的；不自觉的； C. encouraged鼓励的； D. internal内部的。distinguish _10_ laughs from fake ones得知区分假笑和不自觉笑。故选B。101.考查动词辨析。句意：许多科学家认为发自肺腑
149、的笑声最有可能是从唱腔演变而来的。A. evolved 进化； B. heaped堆积； C. sprang跳跃； D. originated起源。which are also produced by nonhuman primates, rodents and other mammals得知这是一种演变进化。故选A。102.考查介词短语辨析。句意：假笑很可能是后来在人类身上出现的，同时也能产生各种各样的声音。A. apart from 除了； B. along with伴随；C. as against 与比较； D. ahead of 提前。that ability to produce a
150、 wide range of speech sounds.还伴随着更广泛的声音出现。故选B。103.考查形容词辨析。句意：研究人员认为我们对由于其长期的进化历史，在发育过程中会自发发笑很敏感。A. available 可利用的； B. crucial至关重要的；C. sensitive 敏感的； D. neutral。o spontaneous（自发的）laughter during development because of its long evolutionary history. 人们由于其较长的演变历史对自发笑声更敏感。故选C。104.考查动词辨析。句意：几乎每一个醒着的时刻都是婴
151、儿的社交活动。A. screaming尖叫； B. kicking踢打；C. shifting 转化； D. waking 叫醒。a social interaction for babies孩子们醒着的时候就是社交的时候。故选D。105.考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此他们对他们所处的社会非常习惯也就能够说得通了。A. turns out结果证明；B. comes true 实现； C. rings hollow 空心环；D. makes sense有道理。they are becoming very much accustomed to their social worlds.他们对自己的社会习惯这是可以讲得通的。故选D。