1、第四讲 三抓三防取满分经典案例 全景剖析 分类集训 以小博大 跟踪训练 知能提长 根据完形填空“考查语境，突出语篇，注重实词”的命题原则，其考查的热点主要是动词、名词、形容词和副词等词类，考查的角度和考查方式通常以语境、搭配、常识、情景及篇章结构等为主。解答不同类型的题目，可采用不同的解题技巧和解题方法。1.抓主题，理解全文做完形填空题时，考生必须根据文章主题(通常通过标题或首句呈现)来考虑空格处的用词，否则就会偏离主题，导致选错。如2016 高考全国乙卷中的完形填空，从文章题目 A Heroic Driver 可知，本文主要讲述英勇的司机。典例 (2016 全 国 高 考 乙 卷 节 选)L
2、arry works with Transport Drivers，Inc.One morning in 2009，Larry was _41_along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42.customers.41A.walking BtouringCtraveling Drushing答案及剖析：根据文章的标题及第一句话可知，拉里是一名运输司机，2009 年的一天上午，他在运送完他的一个客户的货物后，在公路上行进(travel)。walk 走，步行；tour 旅游，观光；travel旅行，行进；rush 急速行进。选 C。2抓逻辑，理顺语
3、境完形填空所选的文章总是按照某一逻辑顺序逐渐展开。因此，考生在做完形填空题时应该透过字里行间，抓住文章的行文逻辑，按照文章发展的逻辑顺序确定用词。典例(2016高考全国乙卷节选)Suddenly，he saw a car with its bright lights on._43_he got closer，he found 44.anothervehicle upside down on the road.43A.Since BAlthoughCAs DIf答案及剖析：语境逻辑题。根据下文的 he found.(他发现)可知，此处是指当(as)他靠近时。since 既然，自以来；althou
4、gh虽然，尽管；as 当的时候；if 如果，假如。选 C。3抓细节，理透关联完形填空中的空白不是孤立的，而是上下文的一个连接点。有的空白在前面有信息是暗示，有的空白则在后面有信息暗示。典例(2016高考全国乙卷节选)One more look and he noticed_45_shooting out from under the 46.disabled vehicle.Lar-ry pulled over，set the brake and_47_the fire extinguisher(灭火器)Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the
5、fire was put out.45A.flames BsmokeCwater Dsteam答案及剖析：根据空格后的 shooting out from under.(从下面冒出)以及下文的 the fire extinguisher 知是火焰(flame)。flame火焰；smoke 烟；water 水；steam 蒸汽。选 A。47A.got hold of BpreparedCtook charge of Dcontrolled答案及剖析：根据上文的 pulled over，set the brake and.和下文的 the fire extinguisher 可知，拉里先向路边停靠
6、，然后踩刹车，最后抓住(get hold of)灭火器。get hold of 抓住；prepare 准备；take charge of 负责；control 控制。选 A。4防忽略上下语境不少考生做完形填空时不顾全文的整体理解，不考虑作者的主旨、思想态度等，甚至不顾上下文的连贯逻辑，看一题做一题，顾此失彼，造成较多的失误分。典例.I _44_ the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do.I looked into the eyes of a 45.stranger，who was trying to get past me
7、.46.Surprisingly，instead of moving on，she stopped to ask if I was 47.OK.After I explained my _48_ to her，she pointed to a bus stop across the street，where a bus would take me back into the city to my 49.appointment.Sitting there waiting，I felt _50_ that someone had been willing to help.Then，hearing
8、a horn(喇叭)nearby，I looked up to see a car with my new friend 51.waving at me to get in.44A.looked at Bwaited forCgot off Dran into答案及剖析：根据上文可知，“我”下了公交车，站在人行道上不知所措。根据语境可知 C 项正确。有不少考生不顾上文语境而误选 B 项“等公交车”，导致错误。48A.idea BmotivationCexcuse Dsituation答案及剖析：根据上下文语境，当“我”向她解释了“我”的处境之后，situation 处境，境况，故选 D。此选项
9、如果忽略上下语境则容易误选其他选项。50A.afraid BgratefulCcertain Ddisappointed答案及剖析：根据上下文，有人愿意主动帮“我”，“我”非常感激(grateful)。根据语境及常识可知 B 项正确。如果忽略下文语境“我”的思想，则容易误选 D 项。5防忽略搭配与词义推敲典例.Twenty years later，the 43.woman could guess what the professor had in mind.He _44_ himself，perhaps，as inviting his students to start an exciting
10、 _45_into an unknown world invisible(无形的)to the 46.eye，which can be discovered only through scientific 47.methods.44A.described BrespectedCsaw Dserved答案及剖析：句意：他可能把自己看成是在邀请学生去探索未 知 世 界。see.as.把 看 成，所 以 应 选 C 项。describe.as.“把描述为”；respect.as.“把尊为”；serve.as“充当”。虽然搭配都对，但如果忽略上下文语境意义，则容易导致误选。45A.voyage Bmo
11、vementCchange Drush答案及剖析：根据句意“邀请学生开始令人激动的对未知世界的探索之旅”。所以应填 voyage“航行”。B 项侧重于“短暂的行为活动”，而作者意为“伟大的历程”，而 C 项“改变”，D 项“匆忙，急流”更与文章主旨无关。6防忽略作者意图完形填空设置选项往往在词性、词义上都是一致、相似的选项，代入设空处没有语法毛病，意义上相差甚微，此时一定要推测文章主题、作者意图、主旨等，不可马虎草率。典例.I _38_.Thanking him，I made a time with him to listen to all the songs and choose 39.th
12、e_ones that I could sing.I have come full circle with his help.His _40_ still warms my heart and makes me do just that bit extra，when I have the chance.38A.had to cry Bought to cry Cshould have cried Dcould have cried40A.courage Bdevotion Ckindness Dtrust答案及剖析：文章大意为：我因病身体残疾，但热爱音乐。在经济困难需要挣钱补贴家用时，我想发挥
13、自己的爱好和特长，去餐馆唱歌挣钱。在我没有足够的钱买昂贵的音乐光盘时，音乐店的老板拿出自己视为珍宝的 800 首歌曲随便让“我”挑选。第 38 小题，(我很感动)，可能当时我早已泪流满面，故选 D项，could have cried 表示“当时可能已哭了”，才真正符合作者的表达意图。A 项“不得不哭”不能表达作者的“感激之情”。B项“应该哭”，C 项“应该哭而没有哭”都不是作者的意图。第40 小题，根据全文可知，作者详细描述店主对自己的帮助，店主的善举感动了作者，故选 C 项。kindness“友好行为，善举”。而其他选项都不是作者要表达的主旨。【训练 1】(2016高考全国甲卷)Sittin
14、g back in the car on the way to the airport，I figured it all out.Ranis _39_her warm smile，her nods，her Im here for you_40_were all silent signals that didnt travel through wires.39A.forgiveness BeagernessCfriendliness Dskillfulness40A.explanation BattitudeCconcept Dbehavior答案及剖析：39.C 下文语境题。破折号后的“她温暖
15、的微笑，她的点头，她的我在这里为你服务”是对该空格的解释，对比四个选项，friendliness(友好)最符合语境。forgiveness宽恕；eagerness 急切；friendliness 友好；skillfulness 熟练。40B 上下文语境题。结合上文引号中的内容“我在这里为你服务”及下文的 silent signals 判断 B 选项“attitude”符合语境。explanation 解释；attitude 态度；concept 概念；behavior 行为。【训练 2】(2016高考全国甲卷)Rushing out 35.gratefully I called out ove
16、r my shoulder，“By the way，whats your name？”“Im Rani，”she said.I turned around and saw a 36.pleasant woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.I was _37_！Why had I thought she was cold?Rani was，well，so _38_.37A.amused BworriedChelpless Dspeechless38A.calm BniceCproud Dclever答案及
17、剖析：37.D 上下文语境题。作者想到自己当初对瑞妮的错误判断，而眼前的瑞妮是那么热心，因此一时竟不知道该说什么(speechless)了。amused 逗乐的；worried 担心的；helpless无助的；speechless 说不出话的。38B 上文语境题。由上文可知，作者亲眼见到瑞妮后发现她是一个 wonderful lady，于是反问自己“我之前怎么会认为她冷冰冰呢？哦，瑞妮是这么友好(nice)”。calm 冷静的；nice 友好的，和蔼的；proud 骄傲的；clever 聪明的。【训练 3】(2015高考全国卷)Where do you go when you want to
18、learn something？School？A friend？A tutor？These are all 21.traditional places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want 22.lies somewhere else instead.I had the_23_of seeing this first hand on a _24_.23A.dream BideaChabit Dchance24A.trip BholidayCweekend Dsquare答案及剖析：23.D 考查语境中名
19、词的辨析。联系下文可知，“我”有机会(chance)亲自观看了女儿的一场足球赛并领悟到了这一点。dream 梦想；idea 主意；habit 习惯，均与语境不符。24C 考查语境中名词的辨析。作者下面叙述的几场比赛都是发生在周六和周日的，因此答案选 C。【训练 4】(2015高考全国卷)When we handed him the bag of _52_，he lit up and thanked us with _53_eyes.When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for 54.whatever his family
20、might need，he burst into tears.52A.toys BmedicineCfood Dclothes53A.sleepy BwateryCcurious Dsharp答案及剖析：52.C 考查语境中名词的辨析。联系上文“They got apples，a sandwich and a bottle of juice.”可知，我们将这些食品递给这个人。故答案为 C。53B 考查语境中形容词的辨析。根据本段结尾一句中的“.he burst into tears.”可知，这个人眼含泪水向我们表示感谢。sleepy 困倦的；watery 含水的；curious 好奇的；sha
21、rp 锐利的。由语境可知 B 项为正确答案。【训练 5】(2015高考全国卷)As a parent，I 29.hatedseeing my daughter playing her best，_30_ still defeated.30A.if BorCbut Das答案及剖析：C 考查语境中连词的辨析。由 playing her best和 still defeated 的语意逻辑，不难看出前后为转折关系。因此 C项为正确答案。【训练 6】(2016高考全国丙卷)Just before September，Miller was struck by a car and lost his ri
22、ght arm.I went to see him after he came back from _44_.He looked very_45_，but he didnt cry.That season，I46.broke all of Millers records while he _47_the home games from the bench.44A.school BvacationChospital Dtraining45A.pale BcalmCrelaxed Dashamed47A.reported BjudgedCorganized Dwatched答案及剖析：44.C 上
23、文语境题。联系前文 Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.可知，他出车祸，住院了，然后从医院(hospital)回来。school 学校；vacation 假期；training 训练。45A 上文语境题。联系前文“他刚从医院回来”可知他脸色苍白(pale)。calm 平静的；relaxed 放松的；ashamed 羞愧的。47D 下文语境题。联系空后的 the home games from the bench 可知，他坐在凳子上看(watch)比赛。report 报道；judge 裁判，评判；organize 组织。点击进入word版：跟踪训练 知能提升把握高考微点，实现素能提升