1、课时规范训练(二十九).阅读理解AFor a long time the packaging industry has been attacked for using what is thought as large amounts of packaging, choosing materials which are felt to have high impacts on the environment, and for being responsible for littering and overflowing landfills. In a study performed by WRA
2、P, one of the first to study food waste in the UK in 2012，the most frequent responses when consumers were asked about packaging were “uses too much material” and “bad for the environment”. The conclusions of these reports highlighted that the degree of the problem has been largely underestimated: at
3、 least 30% of food produced in the world is wasted. These figures are similar no matter if you are in the developed or developing world.However, two publications from crossindustry work groups were published recently, and have managed to reset the discussion to take into account the benefits of pack
4、aging for sustainability(可持续性). The first publication，“The Global Protocol on Packaging Sustainability”， describes an agreed common approach towards measuring packaging sustainability metrics(指标), so that the industry is not competing based on the definition of a metric, but rather competing based o
5、n performance. The second was, “Packaging in the Sustainability Agenda, A Guide for Corporate Decision Makers”， which highlighted the contributions of packaging to the three aspects of sustainability：packaging protects products and prevents waste (environmental aspect); packaging enables efficient b
6、usiness conduct (economic aspect); and packaging provides consumers with the benefits of the products it contains(social aspect)Packaging performs indeed a wide variety of functions throughout the value chain and contributes to reducing food waste by protecting ingredients(佐料)and products during tra
7、nsportation and by delivering familysized packages. Food waste could be avoided for single households if they are provided with the choice of pack sizes meeting their consumption patterns and are not forced to buy larger packs that they may not be able to finish before the useby date. Despite the fa
8、ct that smaller sized packs use more packaging，the fact that food waste is reduced would nevertheless decrease overall environmental impacts of the packed product.1It has long been thought that _.Alarger quantities of food are wasted in developed countriesBWRAP is the first authority to study food w
9、aste in the UKCpackaging does great harm to the environmentDpackaging offers a powerful means to reduce food waste2According to the two publications in Paragraph 2，_.Aan agreement should be reached on measuring packaging sustainabilityBthe industry should compete based on the definition of sustainab
10、ility metricsCsmaller sized packs promote less packaging and purchase among consumersDsustainable packaging is ecofriendly, economically practical and socially beneficial3The authors attitude towards packaging is _.AapprovingBnegativeCcasual Ddoubtful【语篇导读】本文介绍了包装对环境是有害的。1解析：选C。根据第一段第一句话可知包装对环境是有害的。
11、2解析：选D。根据第二段最后一句话中的关键词：environmental aspect；economic aspect；social aspect可知合适的包装是生态环保的，对于社会和经济都是有益的。3解析：选A。根据文章最后一段可知作者对于适度的包装还是赞成的。BThousands of cities around the globe turned off their lights for an hour to mark 2014 Earth Hour, a symbolic show of support for the environment organized by the World
12、 Wide Fund for Nature.Since the movement began in Sydney, Australia, in 2007, it has spread to more than 7,000 cities across more than 160 countries. Singapore continues to hold one of the worlds largest lightsoff events, drawing around 9,000 people this year to Marina Bay Sands, a commercial center
13、 typically awash in electricity.To mark the event, actors Andrew Garfield, Jamie Foxx, Emma Stone and a group of other famous stars from The Amazing SpiderMan 2 movie were in town.Other iconic landmarks that fell dark included the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur，Bangkoks Wat Arun temple, the Em
14、pire State Building in New York, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, Sydney Opera House, Red Square in Moscow，the Birds Nest in Beijing and Hong Kong Harbor.As the movement has grown, more organizations and business have committed to switching off their lights in support of efforts to reduce their environmen
15、tal footprint. In Singapore, at least 600 organizations and companies agreed to either switch off their lights or participate in movements to use fewer plastic bags, take shorter showers, turn off their airconditioning units or switch to LED lighting.This year the World Wide Fund for Nature, which f
16、irst launched worldwide Earth Hour, also launched Earth Hour Blue, a crowdfunding platform aimed at raising money for environmental projects around the globe. On Mar. 26, a project to stop the illegal wildlife trade in Asia by providing assistance to wildlife rangers became the first one to reach it
17、s target of $20,000 by relying completely on crowdfunding.The hourlong event has little if any impact on electricity consumption, but as an awareness raising event it has registered success.In a statement to mark Saturdays event, Andy Ridley, CEO and CoFounder of Earth Hour, said Asias rapidly growi
18、ng digital presence is an added bonus that has helped power our movement.4Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?A2014 Earth Hour BSave Our EarthCLightsoff Event D. Earth Hour Blue5We can infer from the report that _.AAustralia and Singapore were the first two countries to
19、 launch Earth HourBmore than 7,000 cities from 160 countries took part in 2014 Earth HourCsome famous movie stars from The Amazing SpiderMan 2 were invited to Singapore to celebrate the eventDthe World Wide Fund for Nature first organized Earth Hour worldwide6How many different specific places are m
20、entioned in the text to have participated in 2014 Earth Hour across the world?A7. B8.C9. D10.7Based on the report, which of the following statements is NOT correct?AMarina Bay Sands is a commercial center located in Singapore.BEarth Hour Blue is a platform intended to collect money for environmental
21、 projects around the globe.CAndy Ridley is the chief executive officer of Earth Hour and one of its founders.DLED lighting is an energysaving device which doesnt use electricity.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。全球数千座城市响应了2014年的“地球一小时”(Earth Hour)熄灯活动。这是一项由世界自然基金会(World Wide Fund for Nature)发起的象征性的环保运动。许多名人和著名景点都响应了这项
22、活动。4解析：选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段内容可知，全球数千座城市响应了2014年的“地球一小时”熄灯活动。在下文中也是围绕这一主题展开，故选A项。5解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第一段中.organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature.以及倒数第三段This year the World Wide Fund for Nature，which first launched worldwide Earth Hour，.可推断世界自然基金会最先组织了世界范围的“地球一小时”熄灯活动。故选D项。6解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中提到的Marina B
23、ay Sands，以及第四段中提到的Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur，Bangkoks Wat Arun temple，the Empire State Building in New York，the Eiffel Tower in Paris，Sydney Opera House，Red Square in Moscow，the Birds Nest in Beijng and Hong Kong Harbor可知，一共提到九个地点。故选C项。7解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第五段中的.more organizations and business h
24、ave committed to switching off their lights in support of efforts to reduce their environmental footprint .or switch to LED lighting.可知，越来越多的组织和企业通过熄灯来支持环保行动。在新加坡，至少有600个组织和企业同意关闭灯光，或参加减少塑料袋使用、缩短沐浴时间及改用LED(发光二极管)灯等活动。由此处并结合常识可推断，LED lighting是一种节能设备，但并不是不用电。故选D项。长难句分析：In Singapore，at least 600 organi
25、zations and companies agreed to either switch off their lights or participate in movements to use fewer plastic bags，take shorter showers，turn off their airconditioning units or switch to LED lighting.句式分析：这是一个含有并列动词不定式的简单句。主语：600 organizations and companies；谓语动词：agreed；宾语：to either switch off their
26、 lights or participate in movements；并列动词不定式to use，(to)take；(to)turn off，(to)switch to在句中作定语，修饰movements。句意：在新加坡，至少600个组织和企业同意要么关掉灯，要么参加各种运动，比如尽量少用塑料袋，缩短冲澡时间，关掉空调设备或者换成LED照明。C(2016高考北京卷)Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan,14，has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a f
27、ew blocks from the beach，Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house.“Its the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，”she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalies
28、 family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridges closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalies sch
29、ool was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climb
30、ed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless highrise buildings.“My mom tells me that I cant control what happens to me，”Natalie says，“but I can always choose how I deal with it.”Natalies choice was to help.She created a website page, matching survi
31、vors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patricks collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a n
32、ew basketball; Charlie，who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring muchneeded supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars (创痕)of destr
33、uction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt.“I cant imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，”Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back，even stronger than before.”8When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane，she found
34、_.Asome friends had lost their livesBher neighborhood was destroyedCher school had moved to BrooklynDthe elderly were free from suffering9According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?AThe people helping Rockaway rebuild.BThe people trapped in highrise buildings.CThe volunteers donating money
35、to survivors. DLocal teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.10How did Natalie help the survivors?AShe gave her toys to other kids.BShe took care of younger children.CShe called on the White House to help.DShe built an information sharing platform.11What does the story intend to tell us?ALittl
36、e people can make a big difference.BA friend in need is a friend indeed.CEast or west, home is best.DTechnology is power.【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文。本文的主人公14岁的女孩娜塔莉主动参与重建遭受飓风重创的家乡。她建立了一个网站，为外界的捐赠者和家乡需要帮助的人结对，同时帮助很多孩子实现了自己的梦想。她应邀到白宫，并被授予荣誉称号。长难句解读：Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick，who lost his b
37、aseball card collection when his house burned down.分析：本句中过去分词named Patrick作定语修饰名词a boy，who引导非限制性定语从句修饰a boy。从句中的when引导时间状语从句，动词短语burn down表示“烧毁”。译文：娜塔莉在网站发布了一个叫帕特里克的男孩的信息。他家的房子(在飓风中)被烧毁了，因此他失去了自己收集的棒球卡。8解析：选B。细节理解题。由题干的“returned.after the hurricane”可知，答案应该在第三段。娜塔莉一家在飓风过后回到家乡，发现街区已变为废墟(neighborhood i
38、n ruins)，很多朋友失去了家园，并且住到了很远的地方。人们都在遭受苦难，特别是老年人。从这些信息可知选B。9解析：选A。细节理解题。由第四段第一句中的“the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie”可知选A。10解析：选D。细节理解题。由第七段可知，娜塔莉建立了一个网站，让捐助者与需要帮助的人通过这个网站建立联系，以此来帮助他们，因此选D。11解析：选A。主旨大意题。本题给出的四句谚语的含义依次为：“小人物也有大作为”；“患难之友才是真正的朋友”；“金窝银窝不如自己的狗窝”；“技术就是力量”。本文介绍的是14岁的小
39、女孩娜塔莉如何帮助家乡的重建工作，因此选A。D(2017四川成都模拟)“Developed and developing nations can learn from each other seeking a lowcarbon economy，”a Chinese government official said in Shanghai yesterday.“China doesnt lag developed nations in terms of energy saving and green economy，”said Zhou Changyi，director of the ener
40、gy saving department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.“While we can learn many aspects from developed nations, they also should learn something from us, such as water conservation，”Zhou said in a speech during the new Path of Chinas Industrialization forum at the ongoing China
41、International Industry Fair 2009.He said industrialized nations and China are dealing with different issues to combat climate change. The United Kingdom, for example, is concerned about transport, buildings and new energy in reducing carbon emissions. For China, the most urgent task is how to realiz
42、e new type of industrialization and avoid mistakes that other countries made when they industrialized.As such, overseas exhibitors at this years fair are showing ways to help China achieve lowcarbon emissions in the industrial section.Swiss power and automation technology group ABB called for a stro
43、nger focus on product life cycle assessment, or LCA, which is used to study the environmental impact of a product from the research and manufacturing stage through its usage and recycling.Tobias Becker, head of ABBs process automation division for North Asia and China, said LCA is an effective tool
44、in helping manufacturing industries to reduce carbon emissions.LCA shows that industrial customers should focus on a products environmental impact throughout its life cycle instead of on its initial investment or ready to use stage. For example, a motors initial investment accounts for only 3 percen
45、t of its life cycle cost, while 94 percent goes to fuel consumption and the rest to maintenance.Richard Hausmann, North East Asia CEO of Siemens, said：“The color of future industrialization is green.”The Germany Company recently announces that it wants to receive orders worth more than 6 billion Eur
46、os ($8. 8 billion) for intelligent net power networks，Smart Grid, over the next five years. Siemens has set a 20 percent market share target for the global smart grid business.A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology, advanced sensors specialized compute
47、rs that save energy, reduce costs and increase reliability. The United States and China are considered the two biggest markets for smart grid.12The underlined word “lag” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “_”Afall behind Bbe superior toCattack Dfear13Which of the following about LCA is TRUE?ALCA is u
48、sed to study the impact on a product.BLCA can help manufacturing industries decrease carbon release a lot.CLCA shows industrial customers should focus on a products environmental influence on its initial investment.DLCA was one of the exhibitions at this years fair.14We can infer from the last parag
49、raph of this passage that _.ASiemens has occupied 20 percent market share for the global smart grid businessBSiemens received orders worth 6 billion Euros recentlyCSiemens will earn $8. 8 billion from intelligent power networksDSiemens plan about Smart Grid may come true in the future15The best titl
50、e for the passage is _.ADeveloped and Developing Nations Can Learn from Each OtherBLowCarbon Economya Shared GoalCIntelligent Power NetworksDTwo Biggest Markets for Smart Grid【语篇导读】发展中国家和发达国家在寻求低碳经济发展上可以互相借鉴，这是他们共同的目标。12解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段“China doesnt lag developed nations in terms of energy saving a
51、nd green economy”可知，就节能和绿色经济方面，中国并不落后于发达国家，所以选择A项。13解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第七段内容可知，LCA可以帮助生产企业减少碳的排放，所以B项正确。14解析：选D。推理判断题。由最后一段可知，“智能电网”不仅可以节能、降低成本，而且还能提高可靠性。美国和中国将成为智能电网最大的市场。综上所述可知，西门子推出的智能电网计划得以实现的可能性很大。故D项正确。15解析：选B。标题归纳题。文章第一段表明发展中国家和发达国家在寻求低碳经济发展上可以互相借鉴，这是他们共同的目标。由此可知B项符合。.七选五(2017甘肃河西五市二次联考)If you are
52、 in a crowd, the first and most important thing is to make yourself familiar with your surroundings and mentally notice alternate exits._1_Make yourself aware of the type of ground you are standing on, and know that in a crowd of moving people wet or uneven ground can be slippery or hazardous, causi
53、ng you to fall.2_When in danger, a few seconds can make all the difference, giving you the possibility of taking advantage of the escape route. Always stay closer to the escape route.If you find yourself in the middle of a moving crowd, do not fight against the pressure, do not stand still or sit do
54、wn，because you could easily get trampled._3_Take advantage of any space that may open up to move sideways to the crowd movement where the flow is weaker.Keep your hands up by your chest, like a boxerit gives you movement and protects your chest._4_If you cannot get up because you are injured, get so
55、meone to pull you back up. If you have kids, lift them up.If you fall and cannot get up, keep moving by crawling in the same direction of the crowd, or if that is not possible, then cover your head with your arms and curl up into fetal position._5_ABe aware of the general atmosphere of the event, as
56、 panic situations can often be expected.BThere is always space between people.CDo not lie on your stomach or back, as this dangerously exposes your lungs.DThe worst is to be pushed by the crowd against an immovable object.EIf you fall, get up quickly.FNo matter where you are, make sure you always kn
57、ow how to get out.GInstead, move in the same direction of the crowd.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了怎样在拥挤的人群中保护自己免受伤害。1解析：选F。根据空前一句“如果你在人群中，首先最重要的事情是熟悉你周围的环境，注意出口”可知，本处应选F“无论你在哪，(你要)确保知道怎么出去”承接上文。2解析：选A。空后一句的“当陷入危险的时候，几秒钟就能产生很大影响”承接A选项中的“as panic situations can often be expected”，故选A。3解析：选G。根据空前一句“当你发现自己站在人群中间的时候，不要逆着人流走，不要站着不动或坐在那里，因为你很容易被绊倒”可知，应选G。G项“顺着人流的方向前进”承接上文，符合语境。4解析：选E。根据空后的“If you cannot get up.”可知，本处选E “如果你跌倒了，快速地站起来”。5解析：选C。根据空前的“用你的手覆盖着你的头，像婴儿一样蜷缩着”可知，本处应选C“不要趴着或躺着，因为这样很容易伤肺”来承接上文。