1、 高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家1、 While visiting the North Pole in winter may not be at the top of yourlist, the ever-changing ICEHOTEL, which opened its doors to visitors on December 14 this year, may change your mind. Lying 200 km north of the Arctic Circle in Jukkasjrvi, the hotel, which is carved entirely fro
2、m ice, is rebuilt annually, with eachgetting increasingly beautiful and impressive. The 29-year-old tradition began accidentally in 1989, after Jukkasjrvi residents organized an art show in a 5.5-square-meter ice house to try tocalltourists attention to theremotevillage during the freezing winter mo
3、nths. The exhibition was a huge success, attracting many day visitors. However, it was not until a group ofadventuroussouls arrived with sleeping bags, announcing theirintentionto spend the night inside the house, that the idea of the frozen hotel was born. The ICEHOTEL has come a long way since its
4、beginnings. It covers an area of over 5,500 square meters. The planning begins months earlier in March when about 5,000 tons of ice are harvested from the river and transferred to cold storage, where they sit till the beginning of winter. Construction begins in earnest in November, when about 100 wo
5、rkers come to the region. By December, the unique frozenaccommodationis ready to open for business. Regardless of whether visitors select the luxury carved suites or the basic ice rooms, the temperature is always set to a bone-chilling-5C! That is why guests are advised to lie close insidewarm sleep
6、ing bags and wear gloves and winter hats all night. Not surprisingly, most end up spending just a single night at this unique hotel before moving on to theconventional, and warmer, cabins nearby. In addition to the unique rooms, the hotel also offers guests fun activities like snowshoeing, or dog sl
7、edding, and for those brave enough to suffer through the below freezing temperatures overnightwildernesscamping! The hotels single restaurant serves food, while the drinks are always chilled to perfection in the world-famous ICEBAR!1.Why did Jukkasjrvi residents organize an art show in 1989?A.To att
8、ract tourists. B.To follow a tradition.C.To excite adventurers. D.To experience cold.2.How to deal with tons of ice harvested from the river in March?A.Carve them roughly.B.Keep them with cold storage.C.Design unique forms.D.Construct them slowly.3.Which of the following characteristics is necessary
9、 for those going camping all night?A.Wealth. B.Good health. C.Near distance. D.Braveness.4.Whats the best title for the passage?A.ICEHOTEL, a Wise ChoiceB.ICEHOTEL Is in the Arctic CircleC.ICEHOTEL Has a Unique SceneryD.ICEHOTEL Opens for the 29th Year2、 Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other
10、 strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on themall signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it l
11、aunches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive (发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species. When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed snail slimea liquid the animals release as they slide alongonto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice.
12、They increased their levels of an enzyme (酶), which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. None of the plants were ever actually attacked, Orrock says. We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry. Initially Orrock found t
13、his defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warnings impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars (毛虫), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and
14、activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia. The finding that a snails approach can cause a plant
15、 response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects, Karban says. The research was compre
16、hensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them. Thats the million-dollar question, Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.(1).John Orrock spray
17、ed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to _.A.make them grow betterB.give them a warningC.keep plant-eating animals awayD.inform plant-eating animals of danger(2).Why is the example of caterpillars mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.To introduce another animal.B.To confirm the result of the study.C.To app
18、eal to people to protect animals.D.To analyze different resistance chemicals.(3).What does Richard Karban really want to know?A.How tomato plants become aware of danger.B.What the chemicals in the snail slime are.C.Whether the research is of practical value.D.What the finding of the research is.(4).
19、What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Watchful PlantsB.Greedy AnimalsC.A Snails ApproachD.A Defense Attack3、People asked to imagine how flooding or droughts would affect particular people or places were more likely to engage in environmentally friendly actions. Many people view climate change
20、as a distant threat. But having them imagine the tangible (有形的) consequences of resulting droughts or floods may help change this idea and encourage pro-environmental behavior, a new study suggests.Researchers asked 93 college students to read a report on temperature anomalies (异常),floods and other
21、climate change-related events that have affected the island. The scientists then asked 62 of the participants to write down three ways in which such phenomena might impact their future lives. Half the people in that group were instructed to imagine such situations in detail. The remaining 31 student
22、s did not complete either the writing or imagining steps, acting as a control group.All the participants then rated their ideas of climate change risks by responding to questions such as How likely do you think it is that climate change is having serious impacts on the world? They used a scale from
23、1 (very unlikely) to 7 (very likely). The average score was higher among subjects who had been asked to envision detailed situations than among those who had not. The results were later confirmed in a second experiment involving 102 participants.Participants in the first experiment who had imagined
24、the effects of climate change were more likely to say they would use air conditioning in an energy-saving manner. In the second experiment, nearly two thirds of people in the visualizing (想象) group signed up to help clean a beach, compared with 43 percent in the nonvisualizing one. And when offered
25、a choice of a vegetarian (素食主义的) or nonvegetarian lunch box, nearly half the visualizers selected the environmentally friendlier meatless choice-compared with about 28 percent of the nonvisualizers.The researchers did not track people to see if they behaved differently in their day-to-day lives-some
26、thing further studies should examine, says study co-author Wen-Bin Chiou. Moreover, the research should be done again in other places with other populations,says Robert Gifford, a professor of psychology at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, who was not involved in the work.The findings
27、 could be applied to raise public concern about climate change, Chiou says. For example, he suggests that news reports about the phenomenon could include vivid descriptions of its effects on peoples lives and ask readers to imagine experiencing such impacts. Having virtual-reality demonstrations (展示
28、) in local science museums of the consequences of climate change would be another way of putting the research into practice, Chiou adds.1.Which of the following statements about the study is true?A.Only one experiment was carried out for the study.B.Professor Robert Gifford played a key role in the
29、study.C.The control group only completed the writing step in the experiment.D.Participants asked to imagine detailed effects scored higher than those who werent.2.Future studies will probably be about whether _.A.it is true of other populations in other placesB.more money will be donated to the peop
30、le affected by climate change-related eventsC.people choose vegetarian lunch boxes in their daily livesD.climate change will cause people to think about joining in a control group3.To put the research into practice, Wen-Bin Chiou suggests that _.A.the government call on people to live a low-carbon l
31、ifeB.people use air conditioning in an energy-saving mannerC.people experience possible effects of climate change through virtual reality facilitiesD.news reports provide vivid descriptions of the effects of climate change on peoples lives4.The passage mainly tells us that _.A.different people may h
32、ave different reactions to climate changeB.different forms of climate change may affect peoples ideas in different waysC.people may change their behavior after thinking about the vivid impacts of climate changeD.college students show great concern for the people affected by climate change4、 Brain he
33、alth is key to successful ageing, and it involves several mental functions including memory, reasoning and planning. Memory defines who we arewithout memory we have no past, cannot plan for the future and are unable to enjoy the present. Our reasoning and planning skills help us create and maintain
34、healthy lifestyle habits that protect our bodies and minds. People are living much longer than ever before. Those born in 1900 would have been lucky to reach their 50th birthday. Today, life expectancy in many countries exceeds 80, but unfortunately age-related diseases such as Alzheimers and diabet
35、es can diminish quality of life. As we age, brain cells that normally fight off infection and repair tissue begin to attack healthy brain cells. This causes inflammation (炎症) and can lead to cognitive deficits and disease. But adopting healthy lifestyle habits, such as eating fish, getting a good ni
36、ghts sleep and doing physical exercise, can slow and even reverse the process. The typical 45-year-old has worse memory than the 25-year-old y and our brains will continue to decline if we do nothing to protect them. However, if we intervene (干预) early, we can slow the decline. Its always easier to
37、protect a healthy brain than to try to repair damage once it is extensive. Although there is a genetic component to healthy ageing, lifestyle habits may be more critical than genes. The landmark MacArthur Studies of Successful Ageing showed that, on average, non-genetic factors are more important th
38、an genetics in determining how well and long we live, suggesting that we have more control than we realize over remaining healthy as we get older.(1).What does the underlined word ageing mean in the first paragraph?A.The process of getting old. B.Mental functions.C.Life expectancy.D.Healthy lifestyl
39、e.(2).What can we do to slow the decline of our brains?A.Enjoying the present.B.Staying in a good mood.C.Working as long as possible.D.Adopting healthy lifestyle habits.(3).What does MacArthur Studies of Successful Ageing suggest?A.Age-related diseases affect our quality of life.B.Genetic factors de
40、termine how well we live.C.We can do something to live better and longer.D.Sometimes we don9t know how to keep healthy.(4).What is the main idea of the text?A.Daily habits determine your longevity.B.You should protect your brains early.C.Good health results from right food.D.Body exercise also benef
41、its mental health.5、 What are dreams for? A handful of theories have the most influence. Sigmund Freud famously claimed that they reveal hidden truths and wishes. Despite being largely unsupported by evidence, researchers found that students in the U. S., Korea, and India were much more likely to ac
42、cept the view. In the same study, respondents said that dreaming about a plane crash would cause them more anxiety than an official warning about a terrorist attack. More recent research suggests that they may help us process intense emotions, or perhaps sort through and strengthen memories, or rehe
43、arse responses to threatening situations. Even if dreams cant foretell the future, they seem to expose our shared fascinations. The majority of dreams occur during REM sleep cycles, of which the average person has four or five a night. A study of Canadian university students found the most common dr
44、eam topics to be school, falling, being chased, and arriving too late for something. For all the commonalities dreams exhibit, they vary across timepeople who grew up watching black-and-white TV are more likely to dream in black and whiteand culture. A 1958 study determined that compared with Japane
45、se people, Americans dreamed more about being looked up, losing a loved one, finding money. Japanese people were more likely to dream about school, trying repeatedly to do something, being paralyzed with fear, or wild, violent beasts. If human dreams sound boring, bear in mind that even negative one
46、s can have positive effects. In a study of students taking a French medical-school entrance exam, 60 percent of the dreams they had beforehand involved a problem with the exam, such as being late or leaving an answer blank. But those who reported dreams about the exam, even bad ones, did better on i
47、t than those who didnt.(1).What do you know about Freuds view on dreaming?A.It will cause people more anxiety.B.Its already been proved by evidence.C.Its popular with some American and Asian students.D.It can reveal the hidden truth and predict the future.(2).According to recent research, dreams may
48、 _.A.make emotions intenseB.help prepare for special situationsC.reduce our memoriesD.help us take notes(3).According to paragraphs 2 and 3, which of the following is true?A.The average person has four or five REM sleep cycles a night.B.Canadian students arent worried about being late for school.C.A
49、mericans usually share the same dream topics with Japanese.D.Films about wild beasts may be widely shown in America in 1958.(4).If you dream that you failed the exam, _.A.your dream will come trueB.youll be depressed with fearC.you are supposed to take it seriouslyD.it shows that you care a lot abou
50、t the exam6、You know eating fruit and vegetables does good. But do you know it can also make you look good? People who increased their intake over just six weeks developed a healthy glow and appeared more attractive, researchers found. Scientists at St Andrews University found eating them slightly i
51、ncreased yellow and red pigments in the volunteers skin. They monitored the food intake of 35 people and took pictures of their faces, arms and hands using a sensitive camera at the start, and after three and six weeks. Increasing their intake of greens by 2.9 portions a day was found to make the pe
52、rson look more healthy and an extra 3.3 portions could enhance their attractiveness, when their photographs were rated by others.Fruit and vegetables are rich in carotenoids(类胡萝卜素),which are known to protect against cell damage from pollution and UV rays, and can also prevent age-related diseases in
53、cluding heart disease and cancer. But while it was known eating extreme amounts of certain vegetables such as carrots could turn skin orange, it was not known a small increase was perceptible(被觉察)to others-and was seen as appealing.A camera measured changes to the skins redness, yellowness and light
54、ness, and found it significantly changed in people who naturally increased their intake. These changes were not evident in three weeks. Using light sensors, the researchers showed these red and yellow hues were linked with the levels of carotenoids in their skin. There are hundreds of carotenoids bu
55、t those thought to have the most dramatic effect are lycopene(番茄红素)-which gives tomatoes and red peppers their red colour-and beta-carotene found in carrots as well as broccoli, squash, and spinach. Skin colour is also affected by chemicals called polyphenols(多元酚),found in apples, blueberries and ch
56、erries, which cause blood rush to the skin surface.1.What do we know from the research? _A.If you take in a little more fruit and vegetables, you will obviously look more attractive in three weeks.B.People who increased their intake of greens by 3.3 portions a day were found the most attractive afte
57、r six weeks.C.Increasing your intake of greens by 2.9 portions a day can greatly improve your health.D.The researchers took the pictures of the 35 people in the research at different stages.2.Which of the following is NOT the function of carotenoids? _A.They can protect against cell damage from poll
58、ution and UV rays.B.They can prevent heart disease and cancer.C.They can keep you in good health.D.They can prevent age-related diseases.3.Which of the statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? _A.Weve already known eating extreme amounts of carrots can turn skin orange.B.We knew in the past
59、that eating a few more carrots could make us look appealing.C.The research showed the improvement in skin is linked with the levels of carotenoids in it.D.Among hundreds of carotenoids, lycopene is thought to have the most dramatic effect4.Which can be the best title of the passage? _A.Eating fruit
60、and vegetables does good.B.Eating fruit and vegetables makes you look good.C.How to become attractive?D.Fruit and vegetables are rich in carotenoids.7、It probably wont surprise you that teens are texting more than ever before. Experts show great concern for teen texting. Students might not learn cor
61、rect grammar and spelling if they write a lot of text messages. Also all that texting takes away from hours that could be spent studying, exercising, pursuing hobbies, or talking with others face to face. Some kids even sleep with their phones beneath their pillows and wake up several times during t
62、he night to text.Dr. Elizabeth Dowdell points out teens need to learn that they canand shouldturn off their phones sometimes. She and her team had two teenagers, Kenny and Franchesca, carry out an experiment. They should obey the rules: No phone for 48 hours. No computer or Internet either, unless i
63、t was for schoolwork. Would these two teenagers be able to do it?“ I think Im going to feel really alone,” Kenny worried. Franchesca was nervous but brave. “Im excited for the challenge,” she said. “I dont know whats going to happen.” They handed their phones to their mothers for safekeeping. The ch
64、allenge was on.The team caught up with Kenny and Franchesca after 48 phone-free hours. “Wow, it was pure suffering,” Kenny joked. “Though life with no phone wasnt easy,” he admitted, “it had benefits. I felt less stressed because I didnt have to be involved.” Sure, Kenny missed his friends, and he w
65、as sad at times. But he also felt relief from the constant texting. Instead of texting, Kenny went to the gym and caught up on schoolwork. He said that the first night he slept for 10 hours. He also spent time sitting with his family and talking. “I felt closer to my parents,” said Kenny.Franchesca
66、had an even happier result when she put away her phone. “I loved it!” she said. “I was going to the gym and hanging out with friends and playing basketball. I had a wonderful experience.” She slept better too, and she decided to continue the experiment for a while. “I think Ill be so much smarter an
67、d healthier,” she explained. “Everybody in the world should try it.”Kenny doesnt plan to give up his phone again. But he now knows that he can live without it. “It was a reality check,” said the teen.1.Experts are concerned about teens texting because it _.A.leads to learning disabilitiesB.takes up
68、their learning timeC.develops the habit of staying up lateD.causes misunderstandings with each other2.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Teens will live a healthier life without phones.B.Expecting teens to live without phones is not realistic.C.Experimenting with phone use is popular among teen
69、s.D.Teens dont realize how different their lives are without phones.3.How were the two teens reactions to the 48-hour challenge different?A.Only Kenny participated in physical activities.B.Only Kenny spent time talking with his parents.C.Only Franchesca benefited from a really good sleep.D.Only Fran
70、chesca appreciated the freedom of having no phone.4.Which is the best title for the passage?A.Giving up TextingB.Rules for Using PhonesC.Two Days with No PhoneD.Problems Caused by Texting8、 Fire ants tunnels got dug efficiently by only a small percentage of the group doing most of the work. Freeload
71、ers, they just sit around while their hard-working colleagues get things done. But might freeloaders actually be necessary for society to function efficiently? The answer could be yesat least when it comes to fire ants and their efforts to dig nests underground. Fire ants are highly social organisms
72、. So, Goldman and his colleagues wanted to know how individual ants knew what to do without a central leader issuing orders. To find out, Goldmans team labeled individual fire ants with paint and then watched them dig their tunnelsonly wide enough for two workers. It turned out that just-30 percent
73、of the ants did 70 percent of the labor. I was surprised that we ended up with so few workers actually doing the work at any one time. A quarter of the ants never even entered the tunnel. Others went inside, but left without digging out a single grain of dirt. These behaviors ensured the tunnels did
74、 not get clogged with insect traffic, which would make the construction process stop. And when the scientists removed the five hardest-working ants from the tunnel, others immediately jumped in to compensate (补偿)with no reduction in the groups productivity. It seems that it doesnt matter which ants
75、are working or freeloading at a given time, as long as there is some division of labor to keep the tunnels flowing smoothly. The findings are in the journal Science, The study could provide suggestions for the robotics. Imagine groups of robots sent to search for survivors from the ruins, or nanobot
76、s (微型机器人) coursing through our bodies to diagnose illness and deliver targeted medical treatment. Such robots will need to avoid getting jammed up in tight spaces. It might be necessary to program them so some just sit back and watch their colleagues work.(1).How do fire ants get the work done when
77、digging tunnels?A.They all work under the order of their leaders.B.Only the strong ants do the majority of the work.C.They all cooperate together and spare no effort to do the work.D.Some work efficiently while others just sit around and do nothing.(2).What does the underlined word clogged in Paragr
78、aph 3 probably mean?A.Covered. B.Crowded. C.Destroyed. D.Spotted.(3).When the hardest-working ants were taken away by the scientists, _.A.the rest of them didnt know what to doB.the leaders had to do the work by themselvesC.other ants took their place and continued to do the workD.other ants were in
79、 panic and escaped from the tunnel immediately(4).According to the passage, the research findings can be applied to _.A.robot technologyB.social communicationC.underground constructionD.scientific observations9、 When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weed
80、ing the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier. These are the findings of a 40-year study
81、that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society, said
82、 George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them. Vaillants study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the mens mental-h
83、ealth scores with their boyhood-activity scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems. The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those w
84、ho had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in
85、 how the boys turned out. Working-at any age-is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence-the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most com
86、petent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isnt everything. As Tolstoy once said, One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love ones work.1.What do we know about John?A.He enjoyed his career and marriage
87、.B.He had few childhood playmates.C.He received little love from his family.D.He was envied by others in his childhood.2.Vaillants words in Paragraph 2 serve as _.A.a description of personal values and social valuesB.an analysis of how work was related to competenceC.an example for parents expectati
88、ons of their childrenD.an explanation why some boys grew into happy men3.Vaillants team obtained their findings by _.A.recording the boys effort in schoolB.evaluating the mens mental healthC.comparing different sets of scoresD.measuring the mens problem solving ability4.What does the underlined word
89、 “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?A.Quick to reactB.Having a thin edgeC.Clear and definiteD.sudden and rapid5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Competent adults know more about love than work.B.Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.C.Love brings more joy to people
90、than work does.D.Independence is the key to ones success.10、Intelligence makes for better leaders from undergraduates(大学生) to managers to presidents according to multiple studies. It certainly makes sense that handling a market shift or anything alike require intelligence. But new research on leader
91、ship suggests that, at a certain point, having a higher IQ stops helping and starts hurting.Although previous research has shown that groups with smarter leaders perform better by objective measures, some studies have suggested that followers might subjectively view leaders with extremely high intel
92、lect as less effective. Decades ago, Dean Simonton, a psychologist from the University of California, Davis, proposed that brilliant leaders words may simply go over peoples heads, their solutions could be more complicated to carry out and followers might find it harder to relate to them. Now Simont
93、on and two colleagues have finally tested that idea, publishing their results in the July 2017 issue of the Journal of Applied Psychology.The researchers looked at 379 male and female business leaders in 30 countries across fields including banking, retail and technology. The managers took IQ tests
94、and each was rated on leadership style and effectiveness by an average of eight co-workers. IQ positively correlated (和.正相关)with ratings of leader effectiveness, strategy formation, vision and several othercharacteristicsup to a point. The ratings peaked(峰值) at an IQ of around 120, which is higher t
95、han roughly 80 percent of office workers. Beyond that, the ratings declined(降低). The researchers suggest the ideal IQ could be higher or lower in various fields, to 140 or 100, depending on whether technical or social skills are more valued in a given work culture.Its an interesting and thoughtful p
96、aper,” says Paul Sackett, a management professor at University of Minnesota, who was not involved in the research. “To me, the right interpretation(理解) of the work would be that it highlights(强调) a need to understand what high-IQ leaders do that leads to lower understanding by followers,” he says. “
97、The wrong interpretation would be, “Dont hire high-IQ leaders.The studys lead author, John Antonakis, a psychologist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, suggests leaders should use their intelligence to use creative language that will persuade and inspire othersthe way former U.S. Presiden
98、t Barack Obama did. I think the only way a smart person can signal their intelligence properly and still connect with the people,” Antonakis says, is to speak in charming ways.1.The reason why those with high IQs are viewed as worse leaders is probably that_.A.followers think of their leaders to be
99、less effectiveB.their IQ has a positive correlation with leader effectivenessC.they are hard to get their plans across to followersD.their social skills cant be recognized in some work culture2.Which of the following graphs shows the correct relationship between IQ points and leadership qualities?3.
100、To improve their leadership, high-IQ leaders can_.A.interpret the work they are involved inB.use inspiring and accessible languageC.take a course in leader effectivenessD.communicate more with their followers4.What could be the best title for the passage?A.A way to success for high-IQ leadersB.The l
101、atest research on intelligenceC.Choose to be a leader of low intelligenceD.Does a high IQ advance your leadership 答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.D解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的 after Jukkasjrvi residents organized an art show in a 5.5-square-meter ice house to try to call tourists attention to the remote vill
102、age 可知,其目的是为了吸引游客。2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的 when about 5,000 tons of ice are harvested from the river and transferred to cold storage 可知,这些冰要冷藏。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 and for those brave enough to suffer through the below freezing temperatures overnight wilderness camping!可知,只有勇敢的人才能够体验夜间野外露营。4.主旨大意题。由全文内容可知,本文主要讲述
103、了今年是冰屋对游客开放的第 29 个年头,并对冰屋的建造目的以及体验项目作了相关的介绍,故 D 项作文章的标题最为合适。 2答案及解析：答案：(1)-(4) BBAA解析：(1).根据第二段最后一句We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.可推知，John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产 生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的his team m
104、easured the slimy warnings impact on another potential threat呼应，故选B。(2).根据第三段第一句Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warnings impact on another potential threat可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故选B。(3). 根据第四段最后一句The research was comprehen
105、sive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them,并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的，故选A。(4).根据文章中的关键词plant，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应，故选A。 3答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.D; 3.C; 4.C解析：1.细节理解题。由第三段“Th
106、e average score was higher among subjects who had been asked to envision detailed situations than among those who had not”可知,被要求设想详细情景的受试者的平均得分高于未被要求设想详细情景的受试者的平均得分。故选D。2.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段For example, he suggests that news reports about the phenomenon could include vivid descriptions of its effects on
107、people, lives and ask readers to imagine experiencing such impacts.这些发现可以用来引起公众对气候变化的关注。例如,他建议关于这一现象的新闻报道可以包括对其对人们生活影响的生动描述,并要求读者想象经历这样的影响。所以判断出未来的研究可能是关于是否气候变化将使人们考虑加入一个控制组。故选D。3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段The researchers did not track people to see if they behaved differently in their day-to-day lives somethin
108、g further studies should examine, says study co-author Wen-Bin Chiou可知Chiou 补充说,在当地的科学博物馆里进行虚拟现实演示,展示气候变化的后果,将是将这项研究付诸实践的另一种方式。所以为了将这项研究付诸实践,Chiou建议人们通过虚拟现实设施体验气候变化的可能带来的影响。故选C。4.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段But having them imagine the tangible (有形的) consequences of resulting droughts or floods may help change this
109、 idea and encourage proenvironmental behavior, a new study suggests但一项新的研究表明,让他们想象由此产生的干旱或洪水的后果可能有助于改变“许多人认为气候变化是一个遥远的威胁”这一观念,并鼓励有利于环境的行为。可知,人们在思考了气候变化的生动影响后,可能会改变他们的行为。所以短文主要告诉我们,人们在考虑到气候变化的生动的影响后,可能会改变他们的行为。故选C。 4答案及解析：答案：(1)-(4) ADCA解析：(1).根据下文的叙述可知本文讲的是有关健康老龄化的问题，同时文章第五段中的Although there is a gen
110、etic component to healthy ageing, lifestyle habits may be more critical than genes也出现了ageing，根据第五段内容可知ageing在这里的意思是老龄化过程，故答案为A项。(2).本题问的是为了减缓大脑衰退我们能做什么。根据文章第三段中的brain cells. But adopting healthy lifestyle habits, such as eating fish, getting a good nights sleep and doing physical exercise, can slow
111、and even reverse the process可知我们可以通过养成健康的生活习惯来达到目的，故答案为D项。(3).本题问的是麦克阿瑟成功老龄化的研究表明了什么。根据文章最后一句The landmark MacArthur Studies of Successful Ageing showed that, on average, non-genetic factors are more important than genetics in determining how well and long we live, suggesting that we have more contro
112、l than we realize over remaining healthy as we get older可知，这个研究表明随着年龄的增长，我们对保持健康的控制比我们认识到的要多。也就是说我们可以做些事情让自己活得更好更久，所以答案为C项。(4).本题问的是文章的主旨大意。文中就健康老龄化这个问题做了探讨，指出日常生活习惯决定了个人的寿命。故答案为A项。 5答案及解析：答案：(1)-(4) CBAD解析： (1).根据文章第一段中的researchers found that students in the U. S. , Korea, and India were much more
113、likely to accept the view可知，美国、韩国和印度的学生更有可能接受那种观点。(2).根据文章第一段中的they may help us process intense emotions, or perhaps sort through and strengthen memories, or rehearse responses to threatening situations可知，梦境能帮助人们处理紧张情绪，或者厘清并强化记忆，或者预演人们对危险情况的反应。(3).根据文章第二段中的The majority of dreams occur during REM sle
114、ep cycles, of which the average person has four or five a night可知，大多数梦发生在REM睡眠周期，这种周期每个人平均每晚大约有四到五次。(4).根据文章最后一段中的But those who reported dreams about the exam, even bad ones, did better on it than those who didnt可知，那些做梦梦到考试，甚至梦到考砸了的人在现实中比不做这种梦的考得好。由此可以推断，正是由于他们在乎考试，所以才会梦到考试。 6答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B;
115、 4.B解析：1.细节理解题.通过全文第一段Increasingtheirintakeofgreensby2.9 portionsadaywasfoundtomakethepersonlookmorehealthyandanextra3.3portionscouldenhancetheirattractiveness,whentheirphotographswereratedbyothers.可知,调查者对35个人加量食用水果,从一开始到第三个星期,一直到第六个星期后,各个阶段都用高灵敏度的照相机对他们的皮肤进行拍照比照,所以选D.2.细节理解题.根据文中第二段Fruitandvegetabl
116、esarerichincarotenoids(类胡萝卜素),whichareknowntoprotectagainstcelldamagefrompollutionandUVrays,andcanalsopreventagerelateddiseasesincludingheartdiseaseandcancer.可知,类胡萝卜素能保护免受污染和UV射线的损害,同时能防止与年龄相关疾病的发生,如心脏病和癌症,并未提到C项,所以选C.3.细节理解题.根据文中第二段倒数第一、二句Butwhileitwasknowneatingextremeamountsofcertainvegetablessuc
117、hascarrotscouldturnskinorange,itwasnotknownasmallincreasewasperceptible(被觉察)toothersandwasseenasappealing.可知,人们知道吃极其大量的某种蔬菜,例如像胡萝卜能让我们皮肤变黄,人们并不知道少量吃点胡萝卜也会被别人看出,并且效果也不错,所以B项与原文不符.4.主旨大意题.根据文中第一段第一、二句Youknoweatingfruitandvegetablesdoesgood.Butdoyouknowitcanalsomakeyoulookgood?可知,吃水果和蔬菜不但对身体有益,而且让人看起来肤
118、色更好.下文又着重讲了吃水果、蔬菜对皮肤的影响,所以选B. 7答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.B; 4.C解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章Also all that texting takes away from hours that could be spent studying, exercising, pursuing hobbies, or talking with others face to face可知专家担心青少年发短信是因为这占据了他们的学习时间。故选:B。2.细节理解题。根据文章“She slept better too, and she decided to co
119、ntinue the experiment for a while. I think Ill be so much smarter and healthier, she explained”可知没有手机青少年的生活会更健康。故选:A。3.细节理解题。根据文章He also spent time sitting with his family and talking可知只有肯尼花时间和父母谈话。故选:B。4.推理判断题。根据文章Kenny doesnt plan to give up his phone again. But he now knows that he can live witho
120、ut it可知文章的最佳标题为没有电话的两天。故选:C。 8答案及解析：答案：(1)- (4) DBCA解析：(1).根据第一段中的Fire ants tunnels got dug efficiently by only a small percentage of the group doing most of the work. Freeloaders, they just sit around while their hard-working colleagues get things done可知，火蚁的大部分挖洞穴通道工作都是由一小部分蚁群来完成的，且挖掘效率很高；其他的火蚁却什么都
121、不做，故D项正确。(2).根据第三段第三句中的which would make the construction process stop可知，这样的情况可能会使工作停止;结合画线词后的with insect traffic可知，使工作停止的情况可能是交通阻塞，故B项正确。(3).根据第四段第一句And when the scientists removed the five hardest-working ants from the tunnel, others immediately jumped in to compensate (补偿)with no reduction in the
122、groups productivity可知，当科学家们把五只工作最勤奋的蚂蚁移开时，其他蚂蚁就会立刻来补上，组织的生产力没有减少，故C项正确。(4).根据尾段的内容尤其是第一句The study could provide suggestions for the robotics可知，这一研究成果可以应用于机器人技术，故A项正确。 9答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.C; 5.B解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第一段中的He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier可知,John 享受工作和婚姻带
123、来的快乐。2.考查写作意图。第二段的第二句话The study showed that those.than those who had not告诉我们,小时候劳动的男孩要比不劳动的男孩成年后更能享受生活且更富有创造性,后面紧接着引用Vaillant的话来进一步解释为什么一些男孩成年后会享受快乐的生活。3.考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容可知,Vaillant的团队通过比较几组不同的得分情况得出了他们的结论。4.根据第四段的句子The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was
124、surprisingly sharp（这些人在孩子的时候做的事情和他们成人后是怎样的人之间的关联是令人惊讶地明显），结合下面一句进一步可知，这里sharp的意思是“明确的，一定的”。故选C。5.根据最后一段的句子One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how too love, to work for the person one loves and to love ones work，可知，情感健康对于好的成年人生活是基本的。故选B。 10答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D
125、解析：1.细节理解题.根据倒数第二段To me, the right interpretation of the work would be that it highlights a need to understand what high-IQ leaders do that leads to lower understanding by followers, he says. The wrong interpretation would be, Dont hire high-IQ leaders.对我来说,对这项工作的正确解释是,它强调了一种需要,即理解高智商的领导者所做的事情会导致追随者
126、的理解力下降.错误的解释是,不要雇佣高智商的领导者.可知他们很难让追随者了解他们的计划.故选C.2.推理判断题.根据第三段The ratings peaked at an IQ of around 120, which is higher than roughly 80 percent of office workers. Beyond that, the ratings declined. The researchers suggest the ideal IQ could be higher or lower in various fields, to 140 or 100, depend
127、ing on whether technical or social skills are more valued in a given work culture.智商在120左右评级达到顶峰,高于大约80%的上班族.除此之外,评级也有所下降.研究人员认为,理想的智商在各个领域可能会更高或更低,达到140或100,这取决于在特定的工作文化中,技术或社交技能是否更受重视.可知在120时领导能力达到顶峰,所以B,C,D都错误.故选A.3.细节理解题.根据倒数第二段To me, the right interpretation of the work would be that it highlig
128、hts a need to understand what high-IQ leaders do that leads to lower understanding by followers, he says. The wrong interpretation would be, Dont hire high-IQ leaders.对我来说,对这项工作的正确解释是,它强调了一种需要,即理解高智商的领导者所做的事情会导致追随者的理解力下降.错误的解释是,不要雇佣高智商的领导者.可知高智商的领导者为了提高领导能力,需要熟一些通俗易懂的语言,让员工能理解.故选B.4.文章题目.阅读全文可知本文是一篇科教类阅读,属于说明文,主要讲述了领导的高智商对于团队效率的影响,所以D项Does a high IQ advance your leadership高智商能提升你的领导力吗作为题目最合适.故选D. 高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！