1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家背计系列1 阅读中的常见词汇妙招1 依据前后缀归类记单词 前缀置于词根之前并改变原词义的构词成分1否定前缀ununeasy心神不安的 unfortunately不幸地unhealthy不健康的 unnecessary不必要的unwise不明智的I felt uneasy at the presence of so many strangers.面对这么多陌生人，我感觉很不自在。Unfortunately, the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over the country.不幸的是，干旱的灾难
2、性影响遍及全国各地。Although sparrows showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state.虽然麻雀数量没有减少的迹象，但食物链还是总体处于不健康的状态。nonnonprofit非营利性的 nonliving无生命的nonserious不要紧的 nonverbal非言辞的An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with one another.生态系统包括同一
3、地区内相互影响的生物和非生物。In fact, one of the best definitions of a sense of humour is “the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation”事实上，关于幽默感的最好的定义之一就是“能看到情况还没那么糟糕的能力”。 im (in， ir)impatience不耐烦 impossible不可能的improperly不适当地 impractical不现实的independence独立 irregularly不规则地A serious study of physics is
4、impossible without some knowledge of mathematics.不了解数学就不可能深入研究物理。Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.产品因使用不当而造成的损坏，第一年可享受免费维修。disdistrust不信任 disability残疾discourage使气馁 disappointed失望的disagree不同意 disuse废弃The researchers said that unhealthy lifestyle was related to
5、a greater risk of disability.研究人员说不健康的生活方式与致残风险增加有关。Do not let any failures discourage you.别让任何失败使你一蹶不振。They made some experiments in a house disused for years.他们在一间废弃多年的屋子里做了一些实验。2错误前缀mismisunderstand误解 mistake错误miscalculate误算；对判断错误misconception误解，错觉If I am not miscalculating, there are 3 times.如果我
6、没算错的话，总共有3次。There are some common misconceptions about the American family values.关于美国的家庭价值观，存在一些常见的错误观念。Misunderstanding often leads to big mistakes.误解常会导致大错误。3方位前缀super(也可表示程度)superhero超级英雄 superiority优越；优等superman超人 supermarket超市superstar巨星；超级明星 superstore大型超市They should focus on the superiority
7、of products.他们应该关注产品的优势。Supermarkets make our life more convenient.超市让我们的生活更便利。Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.超级巨星们不能随意行动，因为他们不能不担心那些装备了高级相机的摄影师们。subsuburb郊区subway地铁substitute代替Four new subway lines have been built in our city.我们这个城市已经修建了四条新的地铁线
8、路。The baby monkeys picked the soft mothersubstitutes as their favourites.猴宝宝们挑了手感柔软的母亲替代物作为它们的最爱。overoverestimate高估 overreact反应过度overuse过度使用 overcrowded过度拥挤的He could not help overreacting to different opinions against his.对那些反对他想法的不同观点，他忍不住反应过度了。Healthy way of life also means avoiding overuse of med
9、icine.健康的生活方式也意味着避免用药过量。It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the centre of the city.人们期望它一天能够承载20 000辆卡车和汽车，这样就可以大大缓解市中心的交通过度拥挤问题。transtransfer转移；转乘 transport运输translate翻译 transform转换；改变transplant移植Oneway ticket allows you to reach yo
10、ur destination, including transfers within 2 hours.凭单程票可达目的地，两小时之内换乘有效。Transport routes, timetables and fare information are available from the tourist centre.可从游客中心那里获取交通路线、时刻表以及车票费用的信息。 后缀置于词根尾部，主要用于改变单词的词性，偶尔用于改变词义1名词后缀动作执行者er (or, ar)farmer农场主；农民 owner物主administrator管理者author作者mayor市长The adminis
11、trator said we were entitled to a paid leave for ten days annually during the first five years.领导告诉我们在工作的前5年每年可享受10天的带薪假期。The author said something unfair about doctors in his book.作者在他的书中针对医生说了些有失公允的话。antapplicant申请人assistant助理In order to get a good job, many applicants poured into the job market.为
12、了得到好的工作岗位，许多求职者涌入了招聘市场。I intend to take a parttime job working as an assistant teacher.我打算兼职当助教。istdentist牙医 scientist科学家specialist专家 tourist旅行者Its ten years since the scientist set out on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical element.从这名科学家开始致力于发现这个重要的化学元素到现在，已经过去10年了。Their needs and
13、problems are more important than those of the tourist companies.与那些旅游公司相比，他们的需求和问题更为重要。跟动作状态有关的名词性后缀ionaction行动 attraction吸引，吸引力reaction反应 satisfaction满意Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。(行动胜于言辞。)Due to the strong attraction of electronic products, we are less dependent on ourselves.由于电子产品的强大吸引
14、力，我们更不独立自主了。The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear.该项研究测试了20名健康的志愿者对于恐惧的反应。mentamazement惊奇 appointment约会；任命development发展 improvement改进，改善judgment判断 treatment治疗，对待government政府 unemployment失业She noted with amazement how closely her own life mirrored her mothers.她惊讶地注意到她的生活简直
15、就是她母亲生活的翻版。He was satisfied with the improvement of our services.他对我们服务质量的改进感到满意。A judgment must be made free from prejudice.做出的判断应不受偏见的影响。Each citizen will have the right to enjoy the free medical treatment from the government.每个公民都将有权享受政府提供的免费医疗待遇。inghearing听力 living生活方式，生计saying说话；谚语 training训练wr
16、iting书法 “You cant judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.正如老话所说：“不能凭封面来判断一本书的好坏。”Good public speaking training can help you express yourself more effectively.良好的公开演讲训练有助于更有效地提高你的表达能力。enceconfidence信心，信任 convenience方便difference不同，差异evidence证据 silence沉默，无言In terms of convenience, the museu
17、m has more advantages over the gallery.就便捷性而言，与美术馆相比，博物馆有更多优势。There is usually a difference between ones dream and reality.一个人的梦想与现实之间通常会有差距。I parked my car by the lakeside and enjoyed reading my book in sweet silence.我把车停在湖边，在美好的静默中享受阅读。urecreature生物，动物failure失败 pressure压力pleasure愉快，乐趣 structure结构，
18、体系By keeping a pet, children will get an opportunity to take on full responsibility for another creatures life.通过饲养宠物，孩子们将有机会承担照顾其他生命的责任。He took great pleasure in biking.他从骑车中获得了很多乐趣。Its useful to know something about human body structure.对人体构造有所了解还是有用的。nessawareness意识，察觉 business生意，业务carelessness粗心
19、大意 uneasiness不安With selfawareness and selfcontrol, it is possible to change our bad habits.凭借自我意识和自控能力，改变自身的不良习惯是可能的。I often make mistakes with carelessness.我经常会因粗心大意而犯错。I tried to put aside my uneasiness and go back to work.我尽量克服自己不安的感觉，重新开始工作。ityactivity活动 curiosity好奇心reality现实 equality平等quality质量
20、，品质 popularity普及，流行，受欢迎Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages.人类活动不应为所有水资源的短缺承担责任。In reality, equality is not given but gained.在现实中，平等不是被动给予的，而是主动争取来的。Janes popularity is rooted in her intelligent writing.简之所以受欢迎，根源在于她作品中的智慧。erydelivery传送，分娩 discovery发现robbery抢劫 scenery风景，景色The di
21、scovery of the gold coins in his suitcase is the reason for their attempted robbery.在他行李箱里发现的金币是他们企图抢劫的原因。We went to enjoy the fresh air and the beautiful scenery at the seaside.我们来到海边享受新鲜空气和美丽景色。其他常用的名词后缀shiphardship艰难 friendship友谊 relationship关系，联系Not until he went through real hardships did he re
22、alize the importance of friendship.直到他经历了千辛万苦之后，才明白了友谊的重要性。No one is willing to keep a good relationship with illtempered people.没人愿意和脾气差的人保持良好关系。 ologyapology道歉；歉意 biology生物学psychology心理学 technology科技，工艺学She could not make her decision to choose biology as her major.选择生物学作为专业，她下不了这个决心。There are som
23、e problems psychology doesnt have the answer to.有些问题心理学也没法回答。ismcriticism批评 pessimism悲观，悲观主义mechanism机件，机制 optimism乐观，乐观主义racism种族主义 tourism旅游业，观光业Recent criticism of the movie arose partly from its pessimism.最近对于这部电影的批评部分源自于电影里的悲观主义。The researchers have found an important mechanism by which the bra
24、in works.研究人员已经发现了一种大脑运作的重要机制。The sudden growth of tourism has brought many benefits to the local economy.旅游业的突飞猛进已经给地方经济带来了许多好处。2动词后缀ifyidentify鉴定；识别 simplify简化justify替辩护；证明正当He helped me identify my strengths and weaknesses.他帮助我认识到了自己的长处和短处。While intelligent people can often simplify the complex,
25、a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.聪明的人可能常把复杂的问题简单化，而愚蠢的人则更可能把简单的问题复杂化。izeapologize道歉 criticize批评organize组织，安排 realize意识到，实现recognize认出，承认Many times the person who hurts you does not intend to apologize.很多时候，伤害你的人并不打算向你道歉。He decided to organize a special concert.他决定组织一场特殊的音乐会。One day, yo
26、u will realize that not everything can be bought with money.有朝一日，你会意识到并不是一切都可以用金钱来购买的。3形容词后缀用以表示性质与特征的形容词后缀fuldoubtful可疑的，不确定的 fearful可怕的grateful感激的，令人愉快的 harmful有害的meaningful有意义的，意味深长的They want to find out how the brain responds to a fearful event.他们想搞清楚大脑对可怕的事件会如何作出反应。He was grateful for his good
27、health and good mood.他很感激自己身体健康、心情舒畅。I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are more meaningful things to do.我认为每天晚上看电视就是浪费时间有许多更有意义的事情可做。ive以ive结尾的形容词，表示具有某种倾向或特性。active活跃的；积极的 aggressive好斗的，有进取心的attractive有吸引力的 communicative健谈的creative有创造性的 effective有效的，生效的expensive昂贵的 positive
28、积极的，肯定的Listening is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.听力是一种锻炼我们的注意力和努力程度的积极练习。What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.这本书出色之处在于作者富有创意的想象力。It would be more effective to give direct help to the homeless.给无家可归者提供直接帮助会更有效。ous出现在说明人或事物具有某种特质的形容词里。anx
29、ious渴望的；忧虑的 curious好奇的dangerous危险的 famous著名的generous慷慨的 nervous神经的，焦虑的previous以前的，先前的 serious严重的，严肃的Children are curious about the world by nature.孩子们天生对世界感到好奇。He was glad that he was finally admitted into that famous university.他感到高兴的是自己终于被那所著名大学录取了。A generous person is willing to offer help to tho
30、se in need, without asking for any reward.慷慨大方的人不要任何回报，心甘情愿给那些需要帮助的人提供援助。able与名词结合构成的形容词，用来描述人或物，具有很多原名词表示的性质与特征。uncomfortable不舒服的 fashionable流行的，时髦的honorable光荣的，可敬的 unreasonable不合理的valuable贵重的，宝贵的She is dressed in a fashionable business suit that fits her very much.她穿着一套时尚又非常合身的职业套装。Mark Twains wor
31、ks had been banned on unreasonable grounds.马克吐温的作品因荒谬的理由被查禁了。The valuable possessions I have is the gold ring and the pearl necklace my mother left me.我拥有的值钱之物就是我妈妈留给我的金戒指和珍珠项链。able与动词结合构成的形容词，用来表示事物具有原动词动作和行为特征的属性。admirable令人钦佩的 avoidable可避免的imaginable可想象的 suitable适宜的，合适的acceptable可接受的，受欢迎的availabl
32、e可利用的；有空的renewable可更新的，可再生的In fact, many traffic accidents caused by careless driving are avoidable.实际上，由于粗心驾驶导致的很多交通事故是可以避免的。Tickets are available free of charge from the school.学校有免费票。Scientists are searching renewable energy to replace coal and oil.科学家正在寻找可再生能源来代替煤和石油。表示“没有”或“缺乏”的概念的形容词后缀less与名词结
33、合构成形容词，用来描述缺乏或不具备原词表示的内容。该后缀不但可以改变词性，还可以改变词义。endless没完没了的 jobless失业的homeless无家可归的 mindless不留神的，愚蠢的selfless无私的 tireless不知疲倦的wireless无线的Overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal to the tourists.过度拥挤的海滩、密集的旅馆，已经开始丧失了对游客的吸引力。My mindless words must hav
34、e hurt him deeply.我那些没经过大脑思考的话一定已经深深地伤害了他。They once gave us so much selfless love.他们曾经给予了我们许多无私的关爱。表示“与有关的”形容词后缀al (ial, ical)artificial人工的，虚假的 facial面部的financial金融的，财政的 historical与历史有关的industrial工业的 magical魔术的，神奇的medical医疗的，医学的 mental精神的，心理的national国家的 original原始的，原版的personal个人的，私人的 potential潜在的phy
35、sical物质的，身体的 special特殊的social社会的It is believed that one day artificial intelligence can beat us in playing chess.大家相信有一天人工智能会在下国际象棋方面战胜人类。For kids, gifts always have a magical power to make them happy.对于孩子而言，礼物总有能让他们快乐的魔力。Mental health can never be replaced by wealth.心理健康永远也无法用财富来代替。Many countries a
36、re now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be well protected.许多国家正在建立国家公园，在那里动植物可以受到很好的保护。icallergic过敏的 basic基本的dramatic戏剧性的，引人注目的 optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的 specific明确的，特殊的I parked my car and allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.我停下车，让自己好好感受一下这风光秀丽的山谷美景
37、。After so many frustrations, he changed from an optimistic person to a pessimistic one.经历了诸多挫折后，他从一个乐观的人变成了一个悲观的人。That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.那就导致了专业化这个概念的产生，这意味着人们会专门研究或者关注某个特定的工作。4副词后缀lyactually实际上 awfully
38、非常地，极端地constantly不断地，经常地 currently现在，通常directly直接地，立即 evidently明显地，显著地particularly特别地 rarely很少，难得extremely非常，极其 regularly有规律地，定期地tightly紧紧地，坚固地I constantly say “dont worry about me, Im fine”， but she never believes me.我一直说“别为我担心，我一切都好”，但是她从未相信过我。Evidently, my excitement really came through in my wor
39、ds.显然，我的兴奋之情真的溢于言表。The text evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seemed reasonable.这篇文章明显忽略了这个事实：人类，尤其是青少年，好像很少有理智的。The baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.小猴子会在四周活动，也会紧紧搂住它的母亲。ward (s)与表示方向的名词或副词结合构成新词，表示人或物移动或面对的方向。afterward后来 backward向后，落后f
40、orward向前；将来Afterward, she invited me to the oneandonly steak house in the area to celebrate her victory.后来，她邀请我去当地的唯一一家牛排屋庆祝她的胜利。Looking backward, we can discover what is unique in us.回首往事，我们才会发现自己的独特之处。She pushed herself forward through the water.她在水里奋力往前游。通过以上内容，我们能认识到掌握一定数量的前缀、后缀的主要意义和用法，就能认识和掌握更多的词汇，即使这些词汇之前从未接触过。观察原词的用法，通过将前缀或后缀的意义与原词的意义叠加，就能推测出新词的含义。如此举一反三，词汇量可以得到成倍的增长。- 11 - 版权所有高考资源网