1、上海市洋泾中学2020学年(第二学期)三月质量检测II. Grammar and VocabularySection A语法填空One way of capturing the scale of the devastation that forest fires have inflicted on Australia is through figures. Some 11 million hectares of the Lucky Country have gone up in smoke _1_September, almost the same area as Bulgaria. So f
2、ar at least 26 people are known _2_(lose) their lives, and over 2,300 homes have been destroyed with over half a billion animals _3_(burn) alive or choked to death. But numbers tell only part of the story. A plume of smoke has drifted across the South Pacific Ocean, reaching Buenos Aires. Australias
3、 normally calm society _4_(shake). Shane Warne, the most distinguished sportsman in a sports-mad nation, has gone so far as to raise money for the relief effort by auctioning off the baggy cap he wore as part of Australias all-conquering cricket team.You _5_think dial Australia is particularly vulne
4、rable to forest fires, but that would be a mistake. Many other countries share the same conditions that have set Australia burning, physically and politically, including similar terrain and a leadership that has yet to wake up fully to the new reality _6_climate change is creating. Worldwide, fire s
5、easons _7_(get) longer and more damaging. The areas al risk include Americas west coast, the Mediterranean, southern Africa and swathes of Central Asia. If that sounds frightening, remember that in 2018 California had the deadliest forest fires in its history,_8_(kill) over 80 people and causing par
6、ts of Los Angeles to be evacuated, while over 100 people died in wildfires in Greece.As a result, the lessons from Australias tragedy are important._9_is that climate change is making infernos more likely. It is true that forest fires arc a long-standing part of some territories ecology, but _10_ th
7、e world gets holler and drier, their incidence and severity are rising. In 2019 Australias mean temperature was the highest since records began in 1910, 1.5 Cabove the long-run average. The amount of rainfall, meanwhile, was 40% below the long-term average and at the lowest level since 1900.【答案】1. s
8、ince 2. to have lost 3. burnt 4. has been shaken 5. may 6. that 7. are getting 8. killing 9. One 10. as【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚森林大火所造成损失以及对其社会所产生的影响。森林火灾长期以来一直是某些地区生态的一部分，但随着世界变得更加寒冷和干燥，森林火灾的发生率和严重程度正在上升。【1题详解】考查介词。句意：自9月以来，这个幸运之国大约有1100万公顷的土地被烧毁，几乎与保加利亚的面积相同。结合句意表示“自从以来”，且句子为现在完成时，可知应用since。故填s
9、ince。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：迄今为止，已知至少有26人丧生，2300多座房屋被毁，5亿多只动物被活活烧死或窒息而死。结合句意表示“已知”应用be known to do，且表示动作已经完成，应用to have done形式。故填to have lost。3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：迄今为止，已知至少有26人丧生，2300多座房屋被毁，5亿多只动物被活活烧死或窒息而死。此处为with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，burn与over half a billion animals构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作宾补。故填burnt。【4题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：澳大利亚
10、一向平静的社会受到了震动。此处表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为Australias normally calm society，助动词用has。故填has been shaken。【5题详解】考查情态动词。句意：你可能会认为澳大利亚尤其容易发生森林火灾，但那将是一个错误。后文think为动词原形，结合句意“可能”可知应用情态动词may。故填may。【6题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：许多其他国家都有同样的条件，导致澳大利亚在地理上和政治上陷入困境，包括相似的地形，以及尚未完全意识到气候变化正在造成的新现实的领导人。空处引导同位语从
11、句，解释说明reality的内容，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故应用只起连接作用的that引导。故填that。【7题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在世界范围内，火灾季节越来越长，破坏性越来越大。此处表示目前正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，且主语为seasons，谓语动词用复数。故填are getting。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果这听起来很可怕，请记住2018年加州发生了其历史上最致命的森林大火，导致80多人死亡，洛杉矶部分地区被疏散，而超过100人在希腊的野火中丧生。分析句子结构可知kill在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语forest fires构成被动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。
12、故填killing。【9题详解】考查代词。句意：一是气候变化使地狱更有可能发生。此处表泛指其中一个教训，应用代词one，句首单词首字母要大写。故填One。【10题详解】考查状语从句。句意：的确，森林火灾长期以来一直是某些地区生态的一部分，但随着世界变得更加寒冷和干燥，森林火灾的发生率和严重程度正在上升。引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”应用as引导。故填as。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note tha
13、t there is one word more than you need.A. investigation；B. issued；C. justifiable；D. apparently；E. contractingF. transmission；G. likely;H. resulting；I. irreparable；J. blow ；K. ventureGene-Edited Babies Trigger Worldwide controversyTHE WAVE of condemnation is far from over for He Jiankui, a Chinese re
14、searcher who claimed to have produced the worlds first gene-edited babies. His research was aimed at helping millions of children at risk of _11_ the HIV vims. He had altered a gene in embryos with the goal of making the babies resistant to HIV. He said the pregnancy had been successful and that _12
15、_healthy twin girls were born a few weeks earlier.The Southern University of Science and Technology said in a statement that the university was unaware of the experiment he conducted. The university believes that his research has seriously violated academic ethics and rules, and it has immediately s
16、et up an independent _13_ team on the matter. Hours after a video of his work was leaked, a total of 122 Chinese scientists in the field of gene-editing across the world _14_ a joint statement of condemnation. It reads, “Pandoras box has been opened, but we may still have a chance to close it before
17、 it is _15_. They added that his behavior has dealt a heavy _16_to the international reputation of Chinese science.Many researchers in stem cell science, immunology and medical ethics also described the experiment as “absurd” and “rogue. For one, the experimentation is considered unnecessary given C
18、hinas mature technology in preventing the mother-to-child _17_of HIV during pregnancy and early infancy. On the other hand, while the removal of the CCR5 gene can help immunize humans from AIDS, it _18_ makes the body more susceptible to other viruses and illnesses. Moreover, DNA changes are also in
19、herited by future generations, _19_ in unpredictable consequences in the human gene pool.But not all scientists oppose Hes experiment. George Church, a renowned geneticist at Harvard University, told The Associated Press, “I think this is _20_ as HTV is a major and growing public health threat.” Som
20、e netizens support Church, claiming that human gene editing is just another piece of technology like organ transplantation.It remains a mystery as to whether the babies can indeed resist all forms of the HIV virus throughout their entire lives.【答案】11. E 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. I 16. J 17. F 18. G 19.
21、H 20. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要就贺建奎制造基因编辑婴儿引发全球争议而展开，介绍了各方对此的看法和态度以及此次事件的影响。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的研究旨在帮助数百万有感染艾滋病毒风险的儿童。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“感染”应用动名词contracting。故填contracting。故选E。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：他说，这次怀孕很成功，双胞胎女孩在几周前出生，显然很健康。修饰后文形容词healthy，应用副词apparently，作状语。故填apparently。故选D。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：该校认为，他的研究严重违反了学术道德和规则，并立即成
22、立了独立调查小组。空处作定语，修饰名词team，且结合句意表示“调查”应用名词investigation。故填investigation。故选A。【14题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在他的一段研究视频泄露数小时后，来自世界各地的122名中国基因编辑领域的科学家发表了一份联合谴责声明。结合句意表示“发表”可知应用动词issue，且结合上文“Hours after a video of his work was leaked”可知用一般过去时。故填issued。故选B。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：潘多拉的盒子已经被打开了，但我们还有机会在它无法修复之前把它关上。空处作表语，结合句意表示“无法修复
23、”应用形容词irreparable。故填irreparable。故选I。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：他们补充说，贺的行为对中国科学的国际声誉造成了沉重的打击。根据上文“a heavy”以及句意“打击”可知应填单数名词blow。故填blow。故选J。17题详解】考查名词。句意：首先，考虑到中国在预防怀孕和婴儿早期艾滋病毒母婴传播方面的成熟技术，这些实验被认为是不必要的。空处作宾语，表示“传播”应用名词transmission。故填transmission。故选F。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：另一方面，虽然去除CCR5基因可以帮助人体免疫艾滋病，但它可能使人体更容易感染其他病毒和疾病。修饰后文
24、动词make，结合句意表示“可能的”应用副词likely，作状语。故填likely。故选G。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，DNA的变化也会遗传给后代，给人类基因库带来不可预测的后果。结合语境表示“导致”短语为result in，分析句子结构可知在句中应用非谓语动词形式，作结果状语应用现在分词。故填resulting。故选H。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：我认为这是合理的，因为HTV是一个主要的和不断增长的公共卫生威胁。根据上文“is”结合句意“合理的”，可知应填形容词justifiable，作表语。故填justifiable。故选C。III, Reading Comprehens
25、ionSection AThe Chinese government has a plan to link the cities of Hong Kong, Macau, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Zhongshan, Dongguan, Huizhou, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing into an economic and business powerhouse. It will be called The Greater Bay Area. Some in Chinas central bank are looking to
26、the European Union and Britain to _21_ how best to do this.The Greater Bay Area already has a total economy almost _22_ to Australias. But the area is divided _23_ Hong Kong and Macau have their own money and legal systems. This makes _24_ difficult.Chinas central banks branch in Shenzhen created a
27、295-page report on financial and economic integration in the bay. It suggested building a_25_ market similar to the 28-state European Union. The report was written with China Merchants Banks chief economist and published last month. The report notes some of the _26_ of European integration. But it a
28、lso points to some of the problems China faces as it tries to control an area that _27_ has international financial markets, industrial centers and technology sectors.In the report, the head of the Shenzhen central bank, Xing Yujing, was clear about the importance of the free movement of people and
29、money in the bay. The report also pointed to what could be _28_ from Britains planned exit from Europe.The European Union and the common market have strengthened “the welfare of the European people, the Shenzhen branch of the Peoples Bank of China said in a statement. It added that suggestions do no
30、t represent official policy _29_. Britain has made professional decisions to reduce the effects of Brexit _30_keeping integration with European economy and finance, the report also said.The European common market _31_ the free movement of labor. So should the Greater Bay Area, said Gary Smith. He is
31、 a London-based director at Barings Investment Institute. “Thats the way that the economic benefits maximized,” he said.Europe has _32_ border control between 26 of its 28 countries. In the Greater Bay Area there are still borders between Hong Kong, Macau and mainland China. This is the _33_ of the
32、One Country, Two Systems agreement that permits the two cities to keep their way of life while under Chinese rule.For a(n) _34_ solution, Xing noted Britains idea of a soft border with Ireland after Brexit. The soft border would permit the free movement of people, money and products between the Repu
33、blic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The report said an _35_ border could be put in place in the bay and businesses could pay taxes online after crossing it.21. A. consultB. decideC. maximizeD. emphasize22. A. equalB. subjectC. inferiorD. crucial23. A. supposeB. thoughC. providedD. because24. A. di
34、visionB. associationC. integrationD. assembly25. A. singleB. prosperousC. diverseD. continental26. A. consequencesB. influencesC. benefitsD. factors27. A. barelyB. originallyC. initiallyD. already28. A. obtainedB. learnedC. extractedD. derived29. A. situationsB. adoptionsC. implementationsD. positio
35、ns30. A. consequentlyB. whileC. furthermoreD. though31. A. sustainedB. restrictedC. permittedD. publicized32. A. imposedB. cappedC. removedD. enforced33. A. advantageB. concernC. intentionD. result34. A. possibleB. agreeableC. controversialD. foreseeable35. A. physicalB. nationalC. legalD. electroni
36、c【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍中国政府计划建立大湾区并且参考欧盟和英国脱欧这件事的经验教训。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国央行的一些人正指望欧盟和英国来决定如何最好地做到这一点。A. consult咨询；B. decide决定；C. maximize使最大化；D. emphasize强调。根据“The Chinese government has a plan to linkare
37、 looking to the European Union and Britain”及下文内容可知，中国政府计划建立大湾区并且参考欧盟和英国脱欧这件事的经验教训，所以此处指央行的一些人正指望欧盟和英国来决定如何最好地做到这一点。故选B项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大湾区的经济总量已经几乎与澳大利亚相当。A. equal相等的；B. subject受支配的；C. inferior下等的；D. crucial重要的。根据“already has a total economy almost _2_ to Australias”可知，大湾区的经济总量已经几乎与澳大利亚相当。故选A项。
38、【23题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：但这一地区被划分开来，因为香港和澳门有自己的资金和法律体系。A. suppose假使结果会怎样；B. though尽管；C. provided假如；D. because因为。根据“But the area is divided _3_ Hong Kong and Macau have their own money and legal systems.”可知，前后句为因果关系，所以用because引导原因状语从句。故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这使得一体化变得困难。A. division分割；B. association协会；C. int
39、egration综合；D. assembly集合。根据“But the area is divided”可知，此处表示由于一些原因使得各个城市联合成大湾区这样一个经济和商业综合体变得困难。故选C项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它建议建立一个类似于由28个成员国组成的欧盟的单一市场。A. single单一的；B. prosperous繁荣的；C. diverse多样化的；D. continental大陆的。根据“similar to the 28-state European Union”可知，欧盟是一个单一的市场，所以此处指建立一个类似于欧盟的市场。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词
40、词义辨析。句意：报告指出了欧洲一体化的一些好处。A. consequences影响；B. influences影响；C. benefits好处；D. factors因素。根据“But it also points to some of the problems”可知，but表示转折，后面说明一些问题，所以前面应该是说有一些好处。故选C项。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但它也指出了中国在试图控制一个已经拥有国际金融市场、工业中心和技术部门的地区时所面临的一些问题。A. barely仅仅；B. originally最初；C. initially最初；D. already已经。根据“an a
41、rea that _7_ has international financial markets, industrial centers and technology sectors”可知，中国计划建立大湾区的地方是一个已经拥有国际金融市场、工业中心和技术部门的地区，所以此处用already表示“已经”。故选D项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该报告还指出了可以从英国的脱欧计划中吸取到的经验教训。A. obtained获得；B. learned学习；C. extracted提取；D. derived源于。根据“similar to the 28-state European Union
42、”和“what could be _8_ from Britains planned exit from Europe”可知，中国计划建立的大湾区和欧盟有一些相似，所以也可以从英国的脱欧计划中吸取到的经验教训。learn from意为“从中吸取经验”，符合题意。故选B项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它补充说，这些建议并不代表官方的政策立场。A. situations状况；B. adoptions采用；C. implementations实现；D. positions观点。根据“suggestions do not represent official policy”可知，此处指这些建
43、议并不代表官方的政策立场。故选D项。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：该报告还称，英国做出了专业决定，以减少英国退欧的影响，同时保持“与欧洲经济和金融的一体化”。A. consequently因此；B. while与此同时；C. furthermore此外；D. though尽管。根据“to reduce the effects of Brexit _10_keeping integration with European economy and finance”可知，此处表示英国做出的决策，前后表示并列的含义，所以用while连接，表示“同时”。故选B项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。
44、句意：欧洲共同市场允许劳动力的自由流动。A. sustained维持；B. restricted限制；C. permitted允许；D. publicized宣传。根据“The European common market _11_ the free movement of laborThats the way that the economic benefits maximized.”可知，此处指允许劳动力的自由流动是经济效益最大化的方式。故选C项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：欧洲已经取消了28个国家中26个国家之间的边境控制。A. imposed强加；B. capped限制；C.
45、 removed去掉；D. enforced执行。根据“In the Greater Bay Area, there are still borders between Hong Kong, Macau and mainland China.”可知，在大湾区几个城市之间仍然有边界，所以可以推断，前面应该是说欧洲已经取消了大部分国家之间的边界。故选C项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是“一国两制”协议的结果，该协议允许这两座城市在中国统治下保持其生活方式。A. advantage优点；B. concern关心；C. intention目的；D. result结果。根据“This is
46、the _13_ of the One Country, Two Systems agreement that”可知，上文所说的计划建立的大湾区中香港、澳门和大陆仍然有边界是因为“一国两制”的结果。故选D项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于一个可能的解决方案，邢指出了英国脱欧后与爱尔兰的“软”边界。A. possible可能的；B. agreeable令人愉快的；C. controversial有争议的；D. foreseeable可预知的。根据“Xing noted Britains idea of a soft border with Ireland after Brexit”
47、可知，此处提出英国与爱尔兰的“软”边界是作为可能的对于大湾区的解决方案。故选A项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该报告称，可以在大湾区建立电子边境，企业可以在穿越边境后在线纳税。A. physical身体的；B. national国家的；C. legal合法的；D. electronic电子的。根据“businesses could pay taxes online after crossing it”可知，此处指可以在穿越边境后在线纳税的电子边境。故选D项。Section B(A)For years, the U. S. has experienced a shortage of
48、registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then. So whats the solution? Robots.Japan is ahead of the curve when i
49、t comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient d
50、ata. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself doesnt have to engage directly - it can serve as an int
51、ermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smart-phone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robots face would be. If you cant got t
52、o the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A 2016 study found that users and a consistently positive attitude about the Giraff robots ability to enhance communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.A robots appearance affects its ability to succe
53、ssfully interact with humans, which is why the R1KEN-TR1 Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear. RTBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known as Robear , can help patients into and out of wheelchairs
54、and beds with its strong arms.On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which is so human-like that sonic patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it io track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body
55、 language in its interactions. During a month- long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and only three or four said they didnt like having it around. Its important to note that robotic nurses dont decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though ro
56、bot doctors and surgeons may not be far oil). Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the integration of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.36. What does the author say about
57、Japan?A. It delivers the best medications for the elderly.B. It takes the lead in providing robotic care.C. It provides retraining for registered nurses.D. It sets the trend in future robotics technology.37. What do we learn about the robot Terapio?A. It was been put to use in many Japanese hospital
58、s.B. It provides specific individualized care to patients.C. It does not have much direct contact with patients.D. It has not revolutionized medical service in Japan.38. What are telepresence robots designed to do?A. Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.B. Cater to the
59、 needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.C. Closely monitor the patients movements and conditions around the clock.D. Assist communication between patients and doctors or family members.39. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off.B. T
60、he robotics industry will soon take off.C. Robots will not make nurses unemployed.D. Collaboration will not replace competition.【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D 39. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本几款可以充当某些看护服务的“机器人护士”，但也指出机器人不会取代护士，他们是合作而非代替关系。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“So whats the solution? Robots.( 那解决方案是什么呢？机器人。)”和第二段的“J
61、apan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. (在这一趋势方面，日本走在了前面)”可知，日本在提供机器人护理方面是领先的。故选B项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows
62、 a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.( 高桥理工大学开发了Terapio，一种可在医院巡视、运送药物和其他物品以及检索记录的机器人医疗推车。它跟随一个特定的人，如医生或护士，可以
63、使用它来记录和访问病人的数据。这种类型的机器人可能是最早在医院实施的机器人之一，因为它与病人接触相当少。)”可知，Terapio与病人没有太多的直接接触。故选C项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, of
64、ten via a screen where the robots face would be.(远程呈现机器人，如MantaroBot, Vgo以及Giraff可以通过电脑、智能手机或平板电脑进行控制，通过一个屏幕即机器人的脸，让家庭成员或医生远程监控病人，或与他们聊天)可知，Telepresence机器人可以帮助病人和医生或家庭成员之间进行交流。故选D项。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Its important to note that robotic nurses dont decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (值得注意
65、的是，机器人护士不会决定治疗的过程或做出诊断)”和“This is one industry where it seems the interaction of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.(在这个行业中，机器人的互动会带来合作，而非替代)”可推测，机器人不会导致护士变得没有必要。故选C项。(B)Jobs at AppleAmaze Yourself, Amaze the WorldA job at Apple is unlike any other youve had. Youll be challenged. You
66、ll be inspired. And youll be proud. Because whatever your job is here, youll be part of something big.Every detail matters.Every piece of packaging. Every swipe of the finger. Every How can I help you?” Everything. And it doesnt matter just some of the time. It matters all of the time. Thats how we
67、do things at Apple. The result is some of the best-loved products in the world.Simplicity isnt simple.Ask anyone here. Its hard work. It means forever asking, “Why is it this way?” and “How can it be better?” It means rethinking every customer experience until the clutter has fallen away until all t
68、hat remains is whats essential, useful and beautiful. That might be a new product feature that delights even die-hard fans. It might be a customer support call, or even a display in an Apple store, arranged and lit exactly so.Creativity from every comer.When you imagine the creative process at Apple
69、, at first you may not picture someone in HR. Or operations. Or finance. But we expect creative thinking and solutions from everyone here, no matter what their responsibilities are. Innovation takes many forms, and our people seem to find new ones every day.40. Where will you probably find this pass
70、age?A. In a booklet introducing Apples management.B. On the official website of Apple Inc.C. In the help-wanted ads section of a newspaper.D. In a magazine telling business stories.41. The word “clutter” probably means_?A. customers complaintB. simple questionC. unnecessary partD. old feature42. Acc
71、ording to the passage, the concept of “simplicity” should be revealed in the following EXCEPT_.A. die-hard fans with new Apple productsB. a customer support callC. the arrangement of the displayD. the lighting of an Apply store【答案】40. B 41. C 42. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在苹果公司工作的三个特点。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据第
72、一段“A job at Apple is unlike any other youve had. Youll be challenged. Youll be inspired. And youll be proud. Because whatever your job is here, youll be part of something big.(苹果公司的工作和你以前的工作都不一样。你会受到挑战。你会得到灵感。你会感到骄傲的。因为不管你在这里的工作是什么，你都是一件大事的一部分)”结合文章主要介绍了在苹果公司工作的三个特点。可推知，文章可能来自苹果公司官方网站。故选B。【41题详解】词义猜
73、测题。根据画线词上文“It means rethinking every customer experience until the”以及后文“until all that remains is whats essential, useful and beautiful”可知，提问题意味着重新思考每一个客户的体验，直到不必要的部分消失直到只剩下必要的、有用的和美丽的东西。故clutter指的是“不必要的部分”。故选C。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It might be a customer support call, or even a display in an Apple
74、store, arranged and lit exactly so.(它可能是一个客户支持电话，甚至是一个苹果商店里的显示器，排列和照明都是这样)”可知，“简单”的概念揭示在一个客户支持电话、一个苹果商店里的显示器还有排列和照明里，除了A选项“苹果新产品的死忠粉丝”。故选A。（C）One of the classic science-fiction treatments of the end of civilization was The Death of Grass, by John Christopher, in which a mysterious sickness struck do
75、wn all the grasses on which most of the worlds agriculture is based, from rice to wheat. Tn the end, politics among the survivors of disease, war and famine were reduced to bitter fratricidal struggle over a defensible potato patch. Like most of the so-called comfortable disaster novels, this could
76、be criticized for optimism. Depressing as a future of famine and the war of all against all might seem, the consequences were largely limited to humans.However, the threatened extinction of insect populations around the world raises the prospect of a much less general disaster, which would involve p
77、lants, birds, fish, small mammals, and everything else depending on insects. Thats just the start. Other species, and we ourselves, depend on the animals and plants that need insects. When they go, we go. This is not just a greater disaster. Its a much more reasonable one. The most recent study has
78、concluded that insect biomass is decreasing around the world at a rate of 2.5% a year. At that rate, half the insects in the world will be gone in 50 years time, and all of them in a century though no one will be keeping track of centuries then.The chief driver of this disaster is unchecked human gr
79、eed. I spite our individual and even collective cleverness, we behave as a species with as little foresight as a colony of nematode worms that will consume everything that it can reach until all is gone and it dies off naturally. The challenge of behaving more intelligently than creatures that have
80、no brain at all will not be easy. But unlike the nematodes, we know what to do. The UN convention on biodiversity was signed in 1992, alongside the convention on climate change. Giving it the strength to hold back our appetites is now urgent. Biodiversity is not an optional extra. It is the web that
81、 holds all life, including human life.The two main expressions of greed that speed this apocalypse are global warming and industrial agriculture. It appears that most of the damage is being done in the developed world by farming practices. The use of giant fields, lack of shelter for insects of any
82、sort at all, whether they are harmful to human interests or not, and where the plants are drenched in long-lasting pesticides, is fatal for uncounted billions of insects. The effects of this kind of forming reach beyond the fields immediately affected, too. There has been a huge loss of aquatic inse
83、ct species from the rivers into which the products of industrial agriculture arc flushed by rain. Even in German nature reserves, which arc by definition protected from the use of pesticides, there have been sleep falls in insect populations because so many of the most widely used ones are persisten
84、t and prevent breeding.43. Which of the following statements about The Death of Grass is true?A. It holds an optimistic attitude towards famine in the future.B. It understates the severity of the disaster facing the world.C. It gives a vivid account of the most serious famine in history.D. It demons
85、trates how evil human nature turns out to be.44. In paragraph 2, the writer mentions the most recent study in order to_.A. prove that the prediction about the great disaster makes senseB. show how soon the insects worldwide will go extinctC. argue for the necessity to protect insect populationsD. su
86、ggest a possible approach to increasing insect biomass45. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Humans are similar to nematode in that both of them lack foresight.B. We havent done enough about maintaining biodiversity.C. Modem farming is to blame for the threatened extinction of insects.D. Germa
87、ny sets a good example by minimizing the use of pesticides.46. What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph?A. How industrial agriculture brings about apocalypse.B. What influence pesticides may have on peoples lives.C. Why insect populations in Germany are on the decline.D. Where
88、unchecked human greed can also by spotted.【答案】43. B 44. A 45. C 46. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界各地的昆虫种群面临灭绝的威胁，增加了一场不那么普遍的灾难的可能性，这将涉及植物、鸟类、鱼类、小型哺乳动物和其他一切依赖昆虫的东西。而造成这场灾难的主要原因是人类未受抑制的贪婪。加速这场灾难的两大贪婪表现形式是全球变暖和工业化农业。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Like most of the so-called comfortable disaster novels, this could be c
89、riticized for optimism.(就像大多数所谓的“舒适的灾难”小说一样，这部小说也可能因乐观而受到批评)”可知，关于The Death of Grass对世界面临的灾难过于乐观，低估了其严重程度，B选项“它低估了世界面临的灾难的严重性”正确。故选B。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ Like most of the so-called comfortable disaster novels, this could be criticized for optimism. Depressing as a future of famine and the war of all
90、against all might seem, the consequences were largely limited to humans.”（就像大多数所谓的“舒适的灾难”小说一样，这部小说也可能因乐观而受到批评。尽管未来的饥荒和所有人对所有人的战争似乎令人沮丧，但其后果在很大程度上仅限于人类）及第二段“However, the threatened extinction of insect populations around the world raises the prospect of a much less general disaster, which would invol
91、ve plants, birds, fish, small mammals, and everything else depending on insects. Thats just the start. Other species, and we ourselves, depend on the animals and plants that need insects. When they go, we go. This is not just a greater disaster. Its a much more reasonable one. The most recent study
92、has concluded that insect biomass is decreasing around the world at a rate of 2.5% a year. At that rate, half the insects in the world will be gone in 50 years time, and all of them in a century though no one will be keeping track of centuries then.(然而，世界各地昆虫种群的灭绝威胁提出了一个更不普遍的灾难的前景，这将涉及植物、鸟类、鱼类、小型哺乳动
93、物和其他一切依赖昆虫的动物。这只是一个开始。其他物种，还有我们自己，都依赖于需要昆虫的动物和植物。当它们消失了，我们也会消失。这不仅仅是一场更大的灾难，而且更合理。最新的研究得出结论，全世界的昆虫生物量正在以每年2.5%的速度减少。按照这个速度，世界上一半的昆虫将在50年后消失，而所有的昆虫将在一个世纪后消失尽管那时没有人在记录世纪的历史)”可推知，在第二段中，作者提到最近的研究是为了证明第一段最后所说的“这场灾难不仅限于人类，而是世界性的”，即：关于这场大灾难的预测是有意义的。故选A。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The two main expressions of greed
94、 that speed this apocalypse are global warming and industrial agriculture. It appears that most of the damage is being done in the developed world by farming practices.(加速这场灾难的两大贪婪表现形式是全球变暖和工业化农业。 看来大部分的破坏是由发达国家的农业生产造成的)”可推知，现代农业是昆虫濒临灭绝的罪魁祸首。故选C。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Even in German nature reserves, w
95、hich arc by definition protected from the use of pesticides, there have been sleep falls in insect populations because so many of the most widely used ones are persistent and prevent breeding.(即使是在德国的自然保护区根据定义，这些保护区是不使用杀虫剂的也出现了昆虫睡眠数量下降的情况，因为许多最广泛使用的保护区都是持久性的，并阻止了昆虫的繁殖)”可推知，在最后一段之后作者可能会接着举例人类的贪得无厌还可以
96、在哪里被发现。故选D。Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What Your “Age” Says About YouImagine, for a moment, that you had no birth certificate and
97、 your age was simply based on the way you feel inside. How old would you say you are?Like your height or shoe size, the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. _47_Scientists are increasingly interested in this quality. They are finding that our “s
98、ubjective age” may be essential for understanding the reasons why some people appear to be energetic as they grow old while others fade._48_ It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted ( 外 向 的 ) and less open to new experiences. These personality c
99、hanges are often considered more obvious in the people with older subjective ages.However, those who feel younger than they really are also become more reliable and less neurotic ( 神 经 质 ) as they gain the wisdom that comes with greater life experience. But it doesnt come at the cost of the energy a
100、nd vigor of youth. Its not true that having a lower subjective age leaves us frozen in a state of permanent immaturity.Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. _49_ Most people felt about eight years younger than their
101、 actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden even when you control for other demographic ( 人 口
102、学 的 ) factors such as education, race or marital status._50_ However old you really are, its worth questioning whether any of those limitations are coming from the within.A. It also means better physical health.B. One of the most interesting aspects of the research has explored how subjective age in
103、teracts with our personality.C. Some studies have explored the potential physical consequences of this difference.D. These findings can give us all a view of the way our own brains and bodies endure the passing of time.E. But everyday experience suggests that people often dont experience ageing the
104、same way.F. Many researchers are now trying to study how this knowledge might help us live longer.【答案】47. E 48. B 49. A 50. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章引出了“主观年龄”这个概念，并讲述了主观年龄的认定对于人会造成哪些影响。【47题详解】空白前句指出人的实际年龄是无法改变的，E选项“但是日常的经历显示，人们对衰老的感受并不都是一样的”与前句形成转折，同时引起下文提出“主观年龄”的概念，承上启下，符合文意。故选E项。【48题详解】空白处位于段落开头，下句表示人们随
105、着年龄增长会变得成熟，不再那么外向同时对新鲜事物不再感兴趣，再下句更是直接总结主观年龄和个性之间的关系。B选项“研究中最有意思的部分之一就是探索主观年龄与我们的性格之间的关系”作为段首句，符合段落主题。故选B项。【49题详解】本段主题是主观年龄对于身心健康的影响。空白前句指出感觉自己比实际年龄年轻在精神方面的好处，A选项“这也意味着更良好的身体健康”承接上文，符合文意。故选A项。【50题详解】最后一段总结全文，D选项“这些发现能让我们看到我们的大脑和身体是怎么忍耐时间流逝的”与文段中提到的各种finding呼应，也能较为准确地反映文章主题。故选D项。Section D: Summary51.
106、概要写作Bears and humans often meet in National Parks. Although campers and hikers are warned not to fed the bears, many people ignore these warning and feed the beasts anyway. When bears arc used to peoples food, problems soon arise.Bears like to cat a large variety of things, both meat and vegetable.
107、Without human assistance, bears live nicely on roots, twigs, leaves of trees, insects and small animals. With people around, the bears tastes quickly expand to in-chide sandwiches, hot dogs, hamburgers, and anything else they can temp humans into giving up.Bears often develop clever strategics for g
108、etting people to let go their food supplies. More often than not, an unsuspecting hiker has taken off his or her pack for a rest only to have a bear charge out of the woods, grab the pack and quickly disappear into the underbrush with it. Hanging the pack on a tree branch wont help. Bears have been
109、known to climb up, jump off, and catch the pack on the way down. One mother bear stretched up with her baby on her shoulders to reach a pack stored on a pole. Many bears threaten people into giving up their supplies. Although a bear is unlikely to attack a person and would probably run away if screa
110、med at, few people are willing to do so. Most people drop the pack and run the other way. This, of course, delights the bear.In some places, the Park Service installed some metal barrels with lids to help campers keep their supplies safe from bears. Although the bears were unable to open these conta
111、iners, the effort was less than successful. Most campers, unable to tell the metal drums from rubbish cans, never used them for the intended purpose.【答案】In National Parks, people feeding bears despite warnings helps expand their tastes to a variety of human food. Bears develop various smart ways to
112、get peoples food supplies by robbing, stealing and giving threats, and people are helpless in handling it. The park service has provided devices for people to store supplies. However, regarded as rubbish cans, they are rarely used.【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在国家公园，人们无视警告给熊喂食，导致熊习惯了吃人类的各种食物。熊为了获得食物，使用抢劫、偷
113、窃、威胁等各种办法，人们对此无计可施。公园虽然提供了储存食物的工具，但是通常被认为是垃圾桶而几乎无人使用。【详解】1 要点摘录Although campers and hikers are warned not to fed the bears, many people ignore these warning and feed the beasts anyway. With people around, the bears tastes quickly expand to in-chide sandwiches, hot dogs, hamburgers, and anything else
114、 they can temp humans into giving up.Bears often develop clever strategics for getting people to let go their food supplies.Although a bear is unlikely to attack a person and would probably run away if screamed at, few people are willing to do so.In some places, the Park Service installed some metal
115、 barrels with lids to help campers keep their supplies safe from bears. Most campers, unable to tell the metal drums from rubbish cans, never used them for the intended purpose.2.缜密构思 分别将要点和、要点和、要点和进行整合3.遣词造句 In National Parks, people feeding bears despite warnings helps expand their tastes to a var
116、iety of human food.Bears develop various smart ways to get peoples food supplies by robbing, stealing and giving threats, and people are helpless in handling it.The park service has provided devices for people to store supplies.However, regarded as rubbish cans, they are rarely used.【点睛】高分句型1In Nati
117、onal Parks, people feeding bears despite warnings helps expand their tastes to a variety of human food.（现在分词作后置定语）高分句型2 However, regarded as rubbish cans, they are rarely used.（过去分词短语作状语）第卷I. TranslationDirections; Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
118、.52. 能坚持均衡膳食和适量运动的人更有可能成功。(likely)（汉译英）【答案】Those who stick to a balanced diet and moderate exercise are more likely to succeed.【解析】【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。stick to 坚持；be likely to有可能。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。句中先行词为those，代指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导，主句谓语动词用复数形式。根据句意，故翻译为Those who stick to a balanced diet and moderate ex
119、ercise are more likely to succeed.53. 发生爆炸时屋子里碰巧没有人，因此无人伤亡。(happen) （汉译英）【答案】It so happened that no one was in the room at the time of the explosion, so no one was killed or injured.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定句型和时态。结合句意表示“碰巧”可知句型为it so happened that；从句中主语为no one；表示“在屋里”应用短语be in the room；表示“爆炸发生时”短语为at the tim
120、e of the explosion；后跟so连接并列句，句中主语为no one；表示“伤亡”短语为be killed or injured。句子应用一般过去时。故翻译为It so happened that no one was in the room at the time of the explosion, so no one was killed or injured.54. 这个女孩在视频分享网站上拥有百万粉丝，过着古代的乡村生活，讲了很多中国文化的故事。(With) （汉译英）【答案】With a million fans on video-sharing sites, the g
121、irl who leads a rural life of ancient times has told many stories about Chinese culture.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查with的独立主格结构。“在视频分享网站上拥有百万粉丝”翻译为With a million fans on video-sharing sites，是with的独立主格结构，with+宾语+介词短语；“这个女孩过着古代的乡村生活”翻译为the girl who leads a rural life of ancient times，其中“leada life”时固定短语，意思是“过着的生活”，
122、这里the girl是先行词，单数第三人称，后面是who引导的定语从句，且指一个客观事实，所以定语从句用一般现在时，谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式；“这个女孩讲了很多中国文化的故事”该句在说到现在为止已经完成的事情，句子用现在完成时，且句子主语是the girl，单数第三人称，谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式，所以翻译为the girl has told many stories about Chinese culture。故答案为With a million fans on video-sharing sites, the girl who leads a rural life of an
123、cient times has told many stories about Chinese culture.55. 直到满屏都是弹幕（(bullet chat），人们才意识到由主打游戏而闻名的这一网站举办的跨年晚会唤起了用户的集体回忆。(Not until) （汉译英）【答案】Not until the screen was covered with ballet chat, did people realize that the New Years Eve held by the website known for games had brought back users collect
124、ive memories.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定句型、固定短语和部分倒装。结合句意表示“直到才”应用not until，且此处位于句首，应用部分倒装，且为一般过去时；从句中表示“屏幕”应用名词screen；表示“覆盖，满是”应用短语be covered with；表示“弹幕”短语为bullet chat；主句中主语为people，表示“意识到”应用动词realize，且为一般过去时，应在主语前用助动词did；后跟that引导的宾语从句，从句中表示“跨年晚会”应用短语the New Years Eve，作主语，后跟过去分词短语held by the website known for
125、games作定语；表示“唤起”短语为bring back；表示“集体回忆”短语为collective memories，从句应用过去完成时。故翻译为Not until the screen was covered with ballet chat, did people realize that the New Years Eve held by the website known for games had brought back users collective memories.II. 76. Writing56. 假设你是明启中学的学生王华。最近，你校试行在午间播放音乐，同学们对此看
126、法不一。大多数同学赞同，但也 有部分同学反对。请你根据表格中提供的信息，给校长写封信，客观地介绍大家的看法。对午间播放音乐的看法赞成的理由使午间生活丰富多彩，缓解压力，音乐可以带给学生快乐等。反对的理由午间时间短，播放音乐不起作用，安静休息有利于课上集中精力等。【答案】Dear Mr. Smith,As a monitor, I think I should say something about the practice of playing music during the class break in our school. Some of us agree with the idea
127、that music or songs should be played during the break, because they think music can produce a lively and happy atmosphere and bring us relaxation, which reduces the tiredness of study. Besides, listening to music makes us happy and is a great enjoyment. However, some others hold a different opinion
128、that music during the break will have a bad effect on their rest as it is too noisy. Whats worse, some students are still lost in the music they have heard during the short break, which does harm to their studies.Yours sincerely,LI Hua【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。假设你是明启中学的学生王华。最近，你校试行在午间播放音乐，同学们对此看法不一。大多数同学赞同，但
129、也有部分同学反对。请你根据表格中提供的信息，给校长写封信，客观地介绍大家的看法。【详解】1.词汇积累减少：reducego downbring down更糟糕：whats worseworse still真诚地：sincerelytruly沉迷于，专心于：be lost inbe absorbed in2.句式拓展同义句转换原句：Whats worse, some students are still lost in the music they have heard during the short break, which does harm to their studies.拓展句：Wh
130、ats worse, some students are still absorbed in the music they have heard during the short break, which is harmful to their studies.【点睛】高分句型1 Some of us agree with the idea that music or songs should be played during the break, because they think music can produce a lively and happy atmosphere and bring us relaxation, which reduces the tiredness of study.句中使用because引导的原因状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句。高分句型2 However, some others hold a different opinion that music during the break will have a bad effect on their rest as it is too noisy.句中使用that引导的同位语从句。
