1、专题五 短文改错第二节 句法类和行文逻辑错误假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()画掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2019全国卷)Since I was a kid，Ive considered different job I would like to do.First，I wan
2、ted to be a fireman，whose uniform looked so coolly.Then，when I was in the five grade，I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal ordecided to be a doctor.They were two reasons for the decision.One was that I was ama
3、zing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.答案和解析：Since I was a kid，Ive considered different jobjobs I would like to do.First，I wanted to be a fireman，whose uniform looked so coollycool.Then，when I was in
4、 the fivefifthgrade，I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher toovery/so much.When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal orand decided to be a doctor.TheyThere were two reasons for the decision.One was that I was amazingamazed at the fact that a sick person could f
5、eel much better after seeing a doctor.And the other iswas that I wanted to help people in need.第一处：job改为jobs。考查名词的单复数。job“工作”为可数名词，其前的different说明此处为复数概念，故用job的复数形式，所以将job改为jobs。第二处：coolly改为cool。考查形容词。look在此是系动词，其后接形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。第三处：five改为fifth。考查数词。此处表达的是“我在读五年级时”，应用序数词。故将five改为fifth。第四处：too
6、改为very/so。考查副词。too much是“太”的意思；而very/so much是“很”的意思，在此修饰动词liked。故将too改为very/so。第五处：high前加in/at。考查介词。in/at high school是固定短语，在此作状语。第六处：or改为and。考查并列连词。两个分句之间为顺承关系，并非选择关系，故将or改为and。第七处：They改为There。考查there be句型。此处为there be句型，是“(存在)有”的意思。第八处：amazing改为amazed。考查形容词。amazing意为“令人惊讶的”，常用来说明物；amazed意为“(感到)惊讶的”，
7、常用来说明人。根据语境，此处需将amazing改为amazed。第九处：删除more。考查形容词的比较级。better已是形容词的比较级，其前不用再加more，故删除more。第十处：is改为was。考查动词的时态。根据语境，时态应为一般过去时，故将is改为was。一、常见命题形式高考英语短文改错常见的句法错误主要是并列连词错误，其次是与名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句等三大从句以及句子成分有关的动词的时态、语态错误，非谓语动词使用错误，主谓一致错误。这些错误通常与句子结构的分析紧密相关，所以难度较大。行文逻辑错误主要设置连词、代词和否定词。句法注意：there be句型与特殊句式行文逻辑1.时
8、态是否一致、主谓是否一致。2指代是否一致：人称是否一致、单复数是否一致以及前后指代是否一致。3逻辑是否一致：逻辑词的错用(besides，however，therefore)二、命题特点句法类错误设置重点考查基本句法知识，包括句子成分的划分，句子结构分析及连词的用法，特殊句式的基本结构及其用法等，要求考生有一定的复合句结构分析能力和辨别能力。行文逻辑错误设置重点考查对短文前后逻辑语义的把握能力。一、连词类错误连词类错误主要考查定语从句关系词误用，名词性从句中主语从句和同位语从句的引导词误用，状语从句引导词的误用，以及并列连词and和but的误用。重点关注下列易考点：that不能引导非限制性定语
9、从句。that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，没有含义，在宾语从句中可以省略。that 在同位语从句中不充当成分，没有含义，一般不能省略，但在定语从句中可充当主语和宾语，且充当宾语时可省略。名词性从句中，if 只能引导宾语从句，但 whether可引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。what 是连接代词，引导名词性从句并在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，不能引导定语从句。真题例析1(2019全国卷)When I studied chemistry at/in high school，I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.解析：考查连词。句意：
10、在高中学化学的时候，我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定成为一名医生。“重新考虑”与“决定成为一名医生”之间是顺承关系，不是选择关系。故将 or 改为 and。答案：or 改为 and真题例析2(2019 全 国 卷 )They were two reasons for the decision.解析：考查 there be 句型。句意：有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的 they 在前边句中找不到指代关系，且后边句子中的 one 与 the other 是对这两个原因的解释。故将 they 改为 there。答案：They 改为 There真题例析3(2019 全 国 卷 )One afternoo
11、n where I was in primary school，I was walking by the school playground.解析：考查定语从句。先行词为 one afternoon，且引导词在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词用 when。故将where 改为 when。答案：where 改为 when真题例析4(2019全国卷)Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.解析：考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将 bu
12、t 改为 and。答案：but 改为 and二、短文改错题涉及语篇或从句的时态一致等时的考查点考查点通常为：一般现在时和一般过去时的混用。短文中时态的使用前后不一致。在特定语境条件下时态的误用(含有状语从句的复合句，主句应用将来时态，而从句中则用一般现在时态)。有时也涉及对其他时态问题的考查：主动语态与被动语态的误用；被动语态中 be 动词的遗漏；不及物动词用了被动语态。真题例析1(2019全国卷)And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.解析：考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was t
13、hat.”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将 is 改为 was。答案：is 改为 was真题例析2(2019全国卷)Now my dream is to opens a cafe.解析：本句考查不定式的用法。不定式作表语，to后用动词原形，故把 opens 改为 open。答案：opens 改为 open真题例析3(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday，I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a cha
14、nge there.解析：考查动词时态。根据文章中的“During my last winter holiday”可知，事件发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故将 find 改为 found。答案：find 改为 found真题例析4(2019全国卷)Though it may appear simple，it required a lot of ideas and efforts.解析：本句考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是一般现在时态，故把 required 改为 requires。答案：required 改为 requires三、行文逻辑错误行文逻辑错误常见的有代词的指代错误，连词的逻辑意义错
15、误等。这类错误很难被发现，针对这类题考生必须通过阅读全文来综合考虑。代词的指代错误常见的是代词的指代对象、单复数及代词的格与文章的逻辑意义不一致，此外还有反身代词的错用等。这类错误通常较为隐蔽。否定词和连词语义在上下文逻辑关系上是否一致，是肯定还是否定，是并列、递进，还是转折、选择、让步，是这类错误设置的题眼。真题例析1(2019全国卷)In the cafe，customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that/which iscreated for them.解析：本句考查代词的逻辑误用。customers 是
16、句子的主语，故把 yourselves 改为 themselves。答案：yourselves 改为 themselves真题例析2(2017全国卷)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.解析：考查代词逻辑。全文以第一人称叙事，如：back to me，故此处应把 your 改为 my。答案：your 改为 myPassage 1(2018全国卷)When I was little，Fridays night was our family game night.Afte
17、r supper，we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.As the kid，I loved to watch cartoons，but no matter how many times I asked to watching them，my parents would not to let me.They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.Still I unwilling to play the games for them so
18、metimes.I didnt realize how right my parents are untilI entered high school.The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.答案和解析：When I was little，FridaysFriday night was our family game night.After supper，we would play card games of all sortsorts in
19、 the sitting room.As thea kid，I loved to watch cartoons，but no matter how many times I askedto watchingwatch them，my parents would not let me.They would say to usme that playing card games would help my brain.Still I unwilling to play the games forwith them sometimes.I didnt realize how right my par
20、ents arewere until I entered high school.The gamesmy parents taught me wherewhen I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.第一处：Fridays改为Friday。考查名词作定语。“星期五晚上”习惯上说Friday night。第二处：sort改为sorts。考查名词的单复数。由前面的all“所有的”可知，sort应用复数形式，all sorts意为“各种各样”。第三处：the改为a。考查冠词。此处表示“作为一个孩子”，kid表泛指，且k
21、id的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。第四处：watching改为watch。考查非谓语动词。ask to do sth.表示“要求做某事”，为固定用法。第五处：删除not后的to。考查情态动词。would是情态动词，表意愿，后需跟动词原形，故to多余。第六处：us改为me。考查代词。此处表示“他们会对我(me)说”。第七处：在后加was。考查谓语动词。此句缺谓语动词，be unwilling to do sth.是固定用法，表示“不愿做某事”。结合语境和时态可知，应用一般过去时，故在I后加was。第八处：for改为with。考查介词。表示“和某人玩”习惯用play.with sb.，故将
22、for改为with。第九处：are改为were。考查时态。描述过去发生的事应用一般过去时。第十处：where改为when。考查连词。此处表示“当我还是个孩子的时候”，故将where改为when(引导时间状语从句)。Passage 2(2017全国卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday，I took driving lessons.I still remember how hard first day was.Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the ins
23、tructors orders，so once I started the car，my mind goes blank.I forgot what he had said to me altogether.The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning left！”Iwas so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to st
24、op the car.It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.答案和解析：In the summer holiday following my eighteeneighteenthbirthday，I took driving lessons.I still remember how hard first day was.Before getting into the car，Ithought I had learned the instructors orders，sobut/y
25、etonce I started the car，my mind goeswent blank.I forgot what he had said to me altogether.The instructor kept repeating the wordwords，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“TurningTurn left！”I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.A fewminutes latelater，the instructor asked me to stop t
26、he car.It was a relief and I came to a suddenlysudden stop just in the middle onof the road.第一处：eighteen改为eighteenth。考查序数词。我的18岁生日，应用序数词eighteenth。第二处：在first day前加the或my。由序数词first可知，其前应加定冠词the。也可以用形容词性物主代词my修饰first day。第三处：so改为but或yet。考查上下文的逻辑关系。根据语境可知，前后两句之间为转折关系，故把so改为but或yet。第四处：goes改为went。考查时态。本
27、文讲述作者18岁生日后的那个暑假发生的事情，且通篇以过去时为主。此处应用一般过去时，故把goes改为went。第五处：word改为words。考查名词的数。根据下文可知，教练发出了很多指令，故用word的复数形式words。第六处：Turning改为Turn。考查谓语动词。此处为祈使句，并和上文中的“Speed up”和“Slow down”并列，故改为动词原形Turn。第七处：删除so后的much。考查固定句型。此处是“so.that.”引导的结果状语从句，句中的much多余，故删除。第八处：late改为later。考查副词。late意为“迟，晚”。一段时间later表示“一段时间之后”，故把late改为later。第九处：suddenly改为sudden。考查形容词。该句中的名词stop应用形容词修饰，所以把suddenly改为sudden。第十处：on改为of。考查固定搭配。in the middle of意为“在的中间”，故把on改为of。