1、上海市建平中学2020届高三英语下学期3月线上月考试题（含解析）. Grammar and VocabularySectionADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, u
2、se one word that best fits each blank.Cruz Genet, 11, and Anthony Skopick, 10, couldnt agree. Were the birds out on the ice ducks or geese? There was only one way to find out.So on a chilly January evening last year, the two friends ventured (冒险) onto the frozen pond near their homes in Frankfort, I
3、llinois,_1_(get) a better look. First they cast a rock onto the ice to test it, then they stepped on it._2_(convince) the ice would hold their weight, Anthony took a few steps, then FOOMP. He crashed through the seemingly frozen surface. There was no sound, he just fell instantly.Cruz rushed to help
4、 his terrified friend. FOOMP - the pond swallowed him too. Cruz managed to lift_3_out of the frozen water and onto a more solid section. He then cautiously worked his way toward Anthony. But the ice _4_(not hold), and he fell in again. This time, he couldnt get out. The boys were up to their necks i
5、n icy water and quickly losing feeling in their limbs. There was not much chance _5_they could free themselves from the trouble. Cruz was sure he was going to die.Anthonys older sister had seen the boys _6_(fall) into the pond and started creaming for help. John Lavin, a neighbor driving nearby on h
6、is way to the grocery store, heard her. He quickly pulled over. Seeing the boys, he grabbed a nearby buoy(浮标)，kicked off his shoes, and ran into the water,_7_(chop) his way through the ice with his free fist. Lavin made his way_8_Cruz and Anthony and pull them back to land. They were taken to the ho
7、spital, where doctors discovered that their five-minute stay in the water_9_(lower) their body temperature nearly ten degrees.Fortunately, the boys have fully recovered,_10_they are still a little awestruck(惊叹的)by their fearless neighbor. “Just to think,” says Cruz, “If he hadnt been there, I would
8、have died.”【答案】1. to get 2. Convinced 3. himself 4. didnt hold 5. that 6. fall 7. chopping 8. to 9. had lowered 10. though/although【解析】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了两位男孩不慎跌入冰窟后，一位邻居见义勇为而获救的故事。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，在去年1月一个寒冷的夜晚，这两位朋友冒险来到他们位于伊利诺伊州法兰克福市的家附近的结冰池塘，想要更好地看一看。两个好朋友踏上结冰的水塘是为了更好的看清冰面上的鸟是鸭子还是鹅，本句需要不定式做目的状语，故填to g
9、et。【2题详解】考查省略to的不定式。句意：确信冰块能承受它们的重量，安东尼走了几步，然后根据固定短语sb. be convinced that“某人确信”的表达，主句的主语是Anthony，此处形容词作状语，故填Convinced。【3题详解】考查反身代词。句意：Cruz成功地从冰冻的水面上爬了起来，爬到了一个更坚固的地方。固定短语lift oneself/sth. out of“使自己从中出来”，此句的主语是Cruz，故填himself。【4题详解】考查动词时态。句意：但是冰撑不住，他又掉了下去。故事发生在过去应用一般过去时，故填didnt hold。【5题详解】考查固定句式。句意：他们
10、摆脱困境的机会不大。固定句式there was not much chance that“没有多少机会”，故填that。【6题详解】考查省略句。句意：Anthony的姐姐看到男孩们掉入池塘并开始尖叫求救。感官动词see后面接省略to的不定式作宾补，表示动作发生全过程。Anthony的姐姐“had seen”,因此表达是的看到他们掉下去的整个过程。故填fall。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到孩子们，他抓起附近的一个浮标，踢掉鞋子，跳进水里，用空出的拳头在冰面上劈出一条路来。这里chop的动作是Lavin发出的，是主动，且跟grab, kick, ran这一系列的动作几乎同时进行，故填ch
11、opping。【8题详解】考查固定短语。句意：Lavin向Cruz和Anthony走去，把他们拉回了陆地。固定短语make ones way to “向进发；前往某处”，故填to。【9题详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们被送往医院，医生发现他们在水里呆了5分钟，体温下降了近10度。医生discovered的时间是发生在过去，而两个孩子的体温下降是在水里呆了5分钟后导致的，因此体温下降发生在医生“发现”之前，即为“过去的过去”用过去完成时。故填had lowered。【10题详解】考查连接词。句意：尽管两个小孩儿还在惊叹于他们邻居的无畏精神，但是幸运的是，他们已经完全康复了。整句话前后形成让步和转折
12、，因此填though或although。SectionBDirections: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.We live today indebted to McCardell Cashin, Hawes, Wilkins, and Maxwell, and other women who liberated American fashion from the _11
13、_of Parisian design, Independence came in tying, wrapping, storing, and. rationalizing that wardrobe. These designers established the modern dress code, letting playsuits and other active outfits suit casual clothing, allowing pants to enter the wardrobe, and prizing rationalism and utility in dress
14、, in contradiction to dressing for an occasion. Fashion in America was logical and _12_ to the will of the women who wore it. American fashion addressed a democracy, whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was standardized and imposed on women, willing or not.In an earlier time, American fashion had
15、 also followed the directions of Paris, or even_13_specific French designs. Designer sportswear was not modeled on that of Europe, as “modern art” would later be; it was_14_invented and developed in America. Its designers were not high-end with supplementary lines. The design objective and the busin
16、ess commitment were targeted to sportswear, and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity (独创性)and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was most important: summer dresses and outfits, in particular, were_15_ cotton, readily capable of being washed and pressed at home. Closings
17、were simple, practical, and _16_ as the modern woman depended on no personal maid to dress her. American designers _17_ the freedom of women who wore the clothing.Many have argued, that the women designers of that time _18_ their own clothing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument
18、 in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in designing clothes on the basis of utility. But could utility alone _19_the new ideas of the American designers? Fashion is often regarded as a pursuit of beauty, and some cherished fashions relationship to the fine arts. Wha
19、t the designers of the American sportswear proved was that fashion is a design art, answering to the demanding needs of service. Of course these practical,_20_ designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion. They were the pioneers of gender equity, in their useful, adaptable
20、clothing, which was both made for the masses and capable of self-expression.【答案】11. C 12. B 13. G 14. K 15. L 16. D 17. A 18. E 19. F 20. H【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了女性设计师建立了现代的着装规范，让运动装和其他活跃的服装搭配休闲服装，让裤子进入衣柜，在服装上注重理性和实用，这与为场合而着装是矛盾的。以及美国与欧洲的服饰理念区别，以及美国运动装的设计师们务实而富有洞察力的设计师决定了二十世纪晚期时尚的发展方向。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：我们今天的
21、生活要感谢麦卡德尔卡辛、霍斯、威尔金斯和麦克斯韦，以及其他将美国时尚从巴黎设计的局限中解放出来的女性。从theof 结构可以判断出此处需要填一个名词，再从整句句意“其他女性把美国的时尚从巴黎设计的中解放出来”可以确定此处只能填limit。故选C。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：在美国，时尚是合乎逻辑的，符合穿着它的女性的意愿。首先and连接的前后两部分结构和词性要相同对等，然后此处and前面为形容词logical，所以此处需要填一个形容词，再根据the will of the women女性的意志可以得出此处该填answerable。故选B。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：早些时候，美国时装也遵
22、循巴黎的指示，甚至是盗版的特定法国设计。根据or为并列连词，前后两部分结构应保持一致可以得出此空需要填一个动词，在根据前面的followed（剽窃）一词可以确定此处填pirated,意思也为剽窃、模仿。故选G。【14题详解】考查副词。句意：设计师设计的运动装没有像后来的“现代艺术”那样模仿欧洲的样式;它是真正在美国发明和发展起来的。从it was invented and developed句子结构可以看出此处需要填一个副词来修饰invented和developed这两个动词，由前文句意运动服的设计者没有模仿欧洲的设计，正如迟一点出现的现代美术一样，它是由美国发明出来并推广的，可以确定此处填g
23、enuinely“真正地”。故选K。15题详解】考查副词。句意：护理方便是最重要的:尤其是夏装和服装，主要是棉质的，很容易在家清洗和熨烫。首先从后面的cotton棉质的这个形容词可以看出此处应填一个副词，cotton在此处修饰前面的summer dress and outfits，所以应理解为形容词“棉质的”而不是名词“棉花”，故填chiefly。故选L。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：由于现代妇女不需要贴身女仆为她们穿衣，所以关门简单、实用、方便。and为并列连词，前面是形容词，因此此处也填形容词，再根据前面修饰拉链的词为“简单的，实用的”可以看出此处填accessible “方便的”一词最
24、符合句意。故选D。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：美国设计师们珍视穿着这些服装的女性的自由。根据句子结构判断出此处缺少一个动词，再根据句意可推出此处填prized“看重”一词最恰当。故选A。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：许多人认为，那个时代的女性设计师把自己的服装价值投射到一种新的风格中。从that后面的句子结构分析可以看出从句缺少一个动词，再根据固定搭配project.into“把投入”可以分析出此处应填project。故选E。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：但是仅仅是实用性就能证明美国设计师的新想法是正确的吗?从句子结构分析出此处缺少一个动词，再根据句中的the new ideas of可以判
25、断只有justify“证明”一词符合句意。故选F。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：当然，这些务实而富有洞察力的设计师决定了二十世纪晚期时尚的发展方向。根据前面practical 可以看出此处应填一个形容词来修饰designers,再分析所给形容词可以看出此处填insightful“有洞察力的”修饰设计者最符合句意。故选H。. Reading comprehensionSectionADirections：For each blank in thefollowing passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. F
26、illin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Face shape lets AI spot rare disordersPeople with genetic syndromes（综合征）sometimes have revealing facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be_21_ given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may
27、 have. A new neural network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors _22_ the possibilities.Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the overall impression of faces and _23_ a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likel
28、y to have.They _24_ the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to _25_ potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its
29、list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time.Gurovich and his team also_26_ the neural networks ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations (变异) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in any one of
30、five genes. DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time. Its clearly not _27_, but its still much better than humans are at trying to do this.As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination
31、 are _28_ and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about_29_. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and ins
32、urance providers could, in principle, _30_ use such techniques to _31_ against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders. _32_, Gurovich says the tool will only be _33_ for use by clinicians.This technique could bring significant_34_ for those who have genetic syndromes. The rea
33、l value here is that for some of these ultra-rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers. For some diseases, it will cut down the time to diagnosis dramatically.
34、For others, it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and, _35_, help find new treatments or cures.21. A. convincingB. trickyC. reliableD. feasible22. A. bring aboutB. result fromC. narrow downD. rule out23. A. returnB. inputC. topD. feed24. A. basedB. imposedC. focusedD. t
35、rained25. A. identifyB. distinguishC. shiftD. cure26. A. testedB. demonstratedC. recognizedD. acquired27. A. acceptableB. perfectC. reliableD. workable28. A. coveredB. excludedC. highlightedD. supervised29. A. objectivityB. accuracyC. credibilityD. privacy30. A. legallyB. habituallyC. efficientlyD.
36、secretly31. A. discriminateB. fightC. argueD. vote32. A. FurthermoreB. ThereforeC. OtherwiseD. However33. A. impossibleB. availableC. readyD. rare34 A. challengesB. benefitsC. damagesD. concerns35. A. by contrastB. in turnC. in additionD. on the contrary【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. A 26. A 27. B
37、28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。患有遗传综合症的人有时会有明显的面部特征，但考虑到他们可能有数百种可能的情况，利用这些特征做出快速而廉价的诊断可能会很棘手。波士顿生物技术公司FDNA的Yaron Gurovich和他的团队建立了一个神经网络来观察面部的整体印象，这种技术可以帮助缩小搜索空间，然后通过检查遗传标记来确认。对于某些疾病，它将大大缩短诊断时间。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：患有遗传综合症的人有时会有明显的面部特征，但考虑到他们可能有数百种可能的情况，利用这些特征做出快速而廉价的诊断可能会很
38、棘手。A. convincing令人信服的；B. tricky难办的；棘手的；C. reliable可靠的；D. feasible可行的。根据下文given，表示考虑到，省略了that，结合given后面的句子，考虑到会有成百上千的情况，所以这个空填tricky表示难办的。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一种分析人脸照片的新神经网络可以帮助医生缩小这种可能性。A. bring about引起；B. result from起因于；C. narrow down缩小；D. rule out排除。根据上文提到了有成百上千的可能性，所以医生利用这种新的神经网络可以缩小范围，结合选项意思，故
39、选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：波士顿生物技术公司FDNA的Yaron Gurovich和他的团队建立了一个神经网络来观察面部的整体印象，并选出一个人最有可能患的10种遗传综合症的列表。A. return返回；选出；B. input投入；C. top超过；D. feed喂养。结合下文a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.以及句子意思可知，这个研究团队建立了一个神经网络来观察整体的面部印象，并且选出了一个人最有可能有的10种遗传综合征，注意这里的return表示选出的意思。故选A。【24题
40、详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们基于名为深度格式塔的神经网络，对17000张图像进行了正确标记，以匹配200多种遗传综合症。A. based基于；B. imposed强制实行；C. focused专注；D. trained训练。本题结合后面的介词on 可以排除选项D，另外，根据句子意思，他们基于17,000张图片准确地把神经网络和200多种遗传综合征匹配起来了。短语base on“基于”。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后，研究小组要求人工智能从另外502张有这种情况的人的照片中识别出潜在的遗传疾病。A. identify识别；B. distinguish区别；C. shif
41、t转移；D. cure治愈。根据下文potential genetic disorders可知这个团队让AI去识别了502张有这种情况的人的潜在的遗传疾病，故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：古罗维奇和他的团队还测试了神经网络区分不同基因突变的能力，这些突变可能导致相同的综合征。A. tested测试；B. demonstrated演示；C. recognized识别；D. acquired取得。根据下文They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in an
42、y one of five genes.可知这个团队和Gurovich也测试了神经网络的辨别不同的遗传变异的能力。故选A。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它显然不是完美的，但它仍然比人类在这方面做得更好。A. acceptable可接受的；B. perfect完美的；C. reliable可靠的；D. workable切实可行的。通过后面的but its still much better than humans are at trying to do this.的意思可以推断出前面说的是not perfect。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当该系统进行评估时，面部区域
43、对决定非常有帮助，并突出显示出来，供医生观察。A. covered覆盖；B. excluded排除；C. highlighted突出；D. supervised监督。根据句子前后的helpful和helps的提示，可以判断出facial regions被突出显示，供医生观察。所以选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：诊断是基于一张简单的照片，这一事实引发了关于隐私的问题。A. objectivity客观性；B. accuracy准确性；C. credibility确定性；D. privacy隐私。根据句子后面的If faces can reveal details about genet
44、ics可知，这种诊断会引起人们对泄露隐私的疑问，所以选D。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果面部特征可以揭示基因的细节，那么雇主和保险公司在原则上就可以秘密利用这些技术来歧视那些很可能患有某些疾病的人。A. legally合法地；B. habitually习惯地；C. efficiently有效地；D. secretly秘密地。根据Gurovich says the tool will only be _ for use by clinicians.这句话的意思，这个工具只能供临床医生使用，说明反过来，我们可以推断出，公司老板和提供保险的人就是偷偷的使用，所以选D。【31题详解】考查动
45、词词义辨析。句意：如果面部特征可以揭示基因的细节，那么雇主和保险公司在原则上就可以秘密利用这些技术来歧视那些很可能患有某些疾病的人。A. discriminate歧视；B. fight打架；C. argue辩论；D. vote投票。在公司老板的角度来看，老板们会偷偷的使用这种技巧来歧视那些很可能患有某些疾病的人，故选A。【32题详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：然而，古罗维奇说，该工具将只供临床医生使用。A. Furthermore此外；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. However然而。根据上一句话的意思，这种技巧被公司老板和保险提供者利用了，而后面一句话说的是只
46、能给临床医生使用，说明这里构成了一种转折关系，所以选D。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，古罗维奇说，该工具将只供临床医生使用。A. impossible不可能的；B. available可获得的；C. ready准备好的；D. rare稀有的。根据上下文tool will only be for use by clinicians.可知只供临床医生使用，短语be available for“对可用”符合句意。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项技术可以为那些有遗传综合症的人带来显著的好处。A. challenges挑战；B. benefits好处；C. damage
47、s破坏；D. concerns关心。根据本段的第二，三句话The real value here is that for some of these ultra-rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers. 这里的真正价值在于，对于某些极端罕见的疾病，诊断过程可能需要很多年。这种
48、技术可以帮助缩小搜索空间，然后通过检查遗传标记来确认。可以判断出，这种方法能够给那些有遗传综合征的人带来明显的好处，所以选B。【35题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：对其他的疾病，这能够增加找到其他有这种疾病的人的方式，进而能够帮助找到新的治疗法。A. by contrast相比之下；B. in turn反过来；转而；C. in addition此外；D. on the contrary相反。根据上文it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and可知，这能够增加找到其他有这种疾病的人的方式，转而帮助找
49、到新的治疗法。故选B。Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to theinformation given in the passage you have just read.（A）
50、The two roadsIt was New Years Night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep blue sky, where the stars were floating like white lilies on the surface of a clear calm lake. When he cast them on the earth, where a few more hopeless people besides himself now
51、moved towards their certain goal- the tomb. He had already passed sixty of the stages leading to it, and he had brought from his journey nothing but errors and regrets. Now his health was poor, his mind vacant, his heart sorrowful, and his old age short of comforts.The days of his youth appeared lik
52、e dreams before him, and he recalled the serious moment when his father placed him at the entrance of the two roads-one leading to a peaceful, sunny place, covered with flowers, fruits and resounding with soft, sweet songs; the other leading to a deep, dark cave, which was endless, where poison flow
53、ed instead of water and where devils and poisonous snake hissed and crawled.He looked towards the sky and cried painfully, “O, my father, place me once more at the entrance to life, and Ill choose the better way!” But both his father and the days of his youth had passed away.He saw the lights flowin
54、g away in the darkness. These were the days of his wasted life; he saw a star fall from the sky and disappeared, and this was the symbol of himself. His regret, which was like a sharp arrow, struck deeply into his heart. Then he remembered his friends in his childhood, who entered on life with him.
55、But they had made their way to success and were now honored and happy on this New Years night.The clock in the church tower struck and the sound made him remember his parents early love for him. They had taught him and prayed to God for his good. But he chose the wrong way. With shame and grief he d
56、ared no longer look towards the heaven where his father lived. His darkened eyes were full of tears, and with a despairing effort, he burst out a cry: “Come back, my early days! Come back”And his youth did return, for all this was only a dream which he had on New Year Night. He was still young thoug
57、h his faults were real; he had not yet entered the deep, dark cave, and he was still free to walk on the road which leads to the peaceful and sunny land.Those who still linger at the entrance of life, hesitating to choose the bright road, remember that when years are passed and your feet stumble on
58、the dark mountains, you will cry bitterly, but in vain: “ O youth, return! Oh give me back my early days!”36. In the 3rd paragraph, the man cried painfully because _.A. all the hopeless people were moving towards deathB. He had lost forever the chance to take the right roadC. His parents and the hap
59、py days of his youth were goneD. He refused to take the road leading to a deep dark cave37. What happened to the man before his sudden realization?A He was at his fathers funeral farewell.B. He was enjoying the New Years eve.C. He was wandering at the entrance to life.D. He was having a dream of his
60、 life in old age.38. We can infer from the story that _.A. The mans childhood friends led a joyful life like himB. The man still had the opportunity to chose the right wayC. both the mans parents passed away when he was youngD. the mans father was quite strict with his son before death39. The passag
61、e is mainly written for _.A. a new driver getting lost on a detourB. a concerned mother with two children to raiseC. an experienced teacher with a good reputationD. a hesitating young adult facing a tough life choice【答案】36. B 37. D 38. B 39. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过记叙一个年轻人在新年之夜做梦梦到自己晚年生活，非常后悔自己在年轻时没有听从父亲的劝
62、告，走正确的人生道路。以此文章来告诫犹豫不决的年轻人要选择正确的道路。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段He looked towards the sky and cried painfully, “O, my father, place me once more at the entrance to life, and Ill choose the better way!” But both his father and the days of his youth had passed away.（他仰望着天空，痛苦地哭喊着:“啊，我的父亲，把我重新放到人生的起点上吧，我会选择更好的道路!
63、”但他的父亲和他的青春年华都已一去不复返了。）可知男人痛苦地哭了，因为他永远失去了走正确道路的机会。故选B。【37题详解】细节理解题。通过倒数第二段第一句And his youth did return, for all this was only a dream which he had on New Year Night.（他的青春真的回来了，因为这一切只不过是他在新年夜里做的一个梦。）可知这个人正在做关于他晚年生活的一个梦。故选D。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中he had not yet entered the deep, dark cave, and he was sti
64、ll free to walk on the road which leads to the peaceful and sunny land.（他还没有进入那黑暗的深渊，他还可以自由地走在通向宁静和光明的道路上。）可知这个人仍然有机会选择正确的道路。故选B。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Those who still linger at the entrance of life, hesitating to choose the bright road, remember that when years are passed and your feet stumble on the
65、 dark mountains, you will cry bitterly, but in vain: “ O youth, return! Oh give me back my early days!”（仍在人生路口徘徊，仍在为是否应该疡光明坦途而犹豫不决的人们啊，请记住:当你青春已逝，双足在黑暗的群山中举步维艰，跌跌撞撞之时，你才痛心疾首地呼唤:“啊，回来吧，青春!哦，把我早年的时光还给我吧!”）以及文章内容可知，这篇文章主要是写给一个犹豫不决的年轻人面对艰难的人生选择。故选D项。（B）“Buffalo, buffalo, Buffalo, buffalo, buffalo, buffa
66、lo, Buffalo, buffalo is a real sentence.How?Lets break it down, starting with simple phrase.Monkeys from Pisa bully deer from London.Ok, admittedly, its an impossible scenario, but it is a grammatically fine sentence. In English, we can use place names as adjective, so lets shorten the sentence a li
67、ttle.Pisa monkeys bully London deer.Now well throw in some giraffes from Paris to even the score with those mean monkeys.Pisa monkeys, whom Paris giraffes intimidate, bully London deer.English is peculiar in that you can omit relative pronouns, e.g., “ the person whom I love can be expressed as the
68、the person I love. Lets do that to this sentence.Pisa monkeys Paris giraffes intimidate bully London deer.This kind of pronoun removal can be a little more dedicate to grasp when written than when spoken. Saying the above sentence with pauses after monkeys and intimidate can help. Now we need to rep
69、lace both of the verbs, intimidate and bully, with their (admittedly uncommon) synonym, buffalo.Pisa monkeys Paris giraffes buffalo buffalo London deer.Again, pauses help keep the meaning in mind: Put a pause after monkeys and the first buffalo. Now well replace all the worldwide place names with th
70、e second-largest city in New York State, Buffalo.(Thats Buffalos tallest building, One Seneca Tower, below.)Buffalo monkeys Buffalo giraffes buffalo buffalo Buffalo deer.You can probably guess what the next step is. But before we replace all the animals with the common name for the American bison, n
71、ote how the capital letters in the above sentence help you keep the place names separate from the other usages of the word. Ok, here goes:Buffalo, buffalo, Buffalo, buffalo, buffalo, buffalo, Buffalo, buffalo.One last thing to note: This exceptional sentence is possible because the plural of the ani
72、mal buffalo is buffalo, not buffalos, otherwise all the words wouldnt be identical.40. How should we read the following sentence with proper pauses?A. Buffalo buffalo Buffalo / buffalo buffalo /buffalo Buffalo buffalo.B. Buffalo Buffalo /Buffalo buffalo buffalo / buffalo Buffalo buffalo.C. Buffalo b
73、uffalo Buffalo / buffalo buffalo buffalo / Buffalo buffalo.D. Buffalo buffalo /Buffalo buffalo / buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo.41. Whats the key element to make this sentence possible?A. The relative pronouns in English can be omitted.B. In English, place names can be used as adjectives.C. The cit
74、y has the same name with a kind of American bison.D. The word buffalo has the same form of singular and plura.42. Where can you probably find this article?A. Wandering the EarthB. Linguistics Around UsC. Popular Animal ScienceD. Collins English Grammer【答案】40. C 41. D 42. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要以一句话为例，说明
75、了语言学中句子组成和拆分的规律。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第五段第一句Again, pauses help keep the meaning in mind: Put a pause after monkeys and the first buffalo.（再一次，停顿有助于记住意思:在猴子和第一只水牛之后停顿。）和第六段首句Saying the above sentence with pauses after monkeys and intimidate can help. Now we need to replace both of the verbs, intimidate an
76、d bully, with their (admittedly uncommon) synonym, buffalo.（说上面这句话时，加上猴子和恐吓之后的停顿会有所帮助。现在，我们需要把恐吓和恶霸这两个动词都换成它们的同义词水牛(确实不常见)。）可知说明前面第三个词后停顿一下，接着第六个词后需要停顿一下，故答案为C。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句One last thing to note: This exceptional sentence is possible because the plural of the animal buffalo is buffalo, no
77、t buffalos, otherwise all the words wouldnt be identical.（最后要注意的是:这个特殊的句子是可能的，因为单词buffalo的复数是buffalo，而不是buffalos，否则所有的单词就不一样了。）可知使这个句子成为可能的关键因素是名词buffalo的单复数是一致的。故选D。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Lets break it down, starting with simple phrase.（让我们从简单的短语开始。）以及第四段中In English, we can use place names as adjective,
78、 so lets shorten the sentence a little.（在英语中，我们可以用地名作形容词，所以让我们把句子缩短一点。）等表明主要研究语言学中句子组成和拆分的规律，可知文章最有可能在Linguistics Around Us中找到，故答案为B。【点睛】文章出处类推理判断题。做这类题重要的是要抓住文章的内容或结构特征，这是推理判断的前提和基础。如报纸，前面会出现日期、地点、通讯社名称等；广告，其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明、器皿设备的使用说明有产品名称或操作方法，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数和药量等。如第三小题，根据第三段Lets break it down, st
79、arting with simple phrase.（让我们从简单的短语开始。）以及第四段中In English, we can use place names as adjective, so lets shorten the sentence a little.（在英语中，我们可以用地名作形容词，所以让我们把句子缩短一点。）等表明主要研究语言学中句子组成和拆分的规律，可知文章最有可能在Linguistics Around Us中找到，故答案为B。（C）The idea that richer countries are happier may seem intuitively obviou
80、s. However, in 1974, research by economist Richard Easterlin found otherwise, He discovered that while individuals with higher incomes were more likely to be happy, this did not hold at a national level. In the United States, for example, average income per person rose steadily between 1946 and 1970
81、, but reported happiness levels showed no positive long-term trend.; in fact, they declined between 1060 and 1970. These differences between nation-level and individual results gave rise to the term “ Easterlin paradox”: the idea that a higher rate of economic growth does not result in higher long-t
82、erm happiness.Having access to additional income seems to only provide a temporary surge in happiness. Since a certain minimum income is needed for basic necessities, its possible that the happiness boost from extra cash isnt that great once you rise above the poverty line. This would explain Easter
83、lins findings in the United States and other developed countries. He argued that life satisfaction does rise with average incomes but only in the short term.Recent research has challenged the Easternlin paradox, however. In2013, sociologists Ruut Veenhoven and Floris Vergunst conducted a study using
84、 statistics from the World Database of Happiness. Their analysis revealed a positive correlation between economic growth and happiness. Another study by the University of Michigan found that there is no maximum wealth threshold at which more money ceases to contribute to your happiness: “If there is
85、 a satiation point, we are yet to reach it.” The studys findings suggested that every extra dollar you earn makes you happier. With a much debate about the relationship between money and happiness, its clear that happiness itself is a complex concept and depends on many factors.According to psycholo
86、gists Selin Kesebir and Shigehiro Oishi, happiness also depends on how your income compares to the people around you. They argue that a countrys economic growth only makes its citizens happier if wealth is evenly distributed. In emerging countries with high income inequalitywhere the rich get richer
87、 and the poor get pooreraverage happiness tends to drop because only relatively few people benefit from the economic prosperity. This suggests that governments should consider implementing policies to ensure more equal distribution of wealth. The happier people are, the more productive they are like
88、ly to become, thus leading to improved economic outcomes at the individual and national levels.There is continuing debate about the link between wealth and happiness, with arguments both for and against the notion that richer countries are happier. However, it is clear that wealth alone isnt enough
89、to make us happy. The effect of income inequality on happiness shows that happiness is a social responsibility. We need to remember the positive effects of generosity, altruism, and building social connections. Perhaps our focus should be less on how m uch money we have, and more on how we use it.43
90、. According to the passage, Easterlin Paradox refers to_.A. the fact that the more money, the happier people will feelB. the suggestion that money should be given the top priorityC. the question how economic outcomes are distributed nationwideD. the opinion that higher income doesnt necessarily gene
91、rate happiness44. The word “satiation” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “_”.A. satisfactionB. controversialC. centralD. sensitive45. What is the major reason for peoples unhappiness related to money?A. Money not enough.B. Money not fairly dirtributed.C. Rich people richerD. Unequal money paid
92、 for equal work.46. Which of the following might be best title of this passage?A. Its all relativeB. Easternlin paradoxC. The economic of happinessD. Rising income, rising happiness【答案】43. D 44. A 45. B 46. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。在1974年，经济学家理查德伊斯特林研究发现生活满意度的确会随着人均收入的增加而提高，但这只是在短期内。2013年，社会学家Ruut Veenhoven和Flo
93、ris Vergunst的分析表明，经济增长与幸福之间存在正相关关系。同时根据心理学家Selin Kesebir和Shigehiro Oishi的说法，幸福还取决于您的收入与周围人的比较。他们认为，只有财富平均分配，一个国家的经济增长才能使其公民更加幸福。作者认为我们应该少关注我们有多少钱，多关注我们如何使用它。【43题详解】细节理解题。第一段最后一句These differences between nation-level and individual results gave rise to the term “ Easterlin paradox”: the idea that a h
94、igher rate of economic growth does not result in higher long-term happiness.（国家水平和个人结果之间这些差异导致了“伊斯特林悖论”一词的出现:即较高的经济增长率并不会带来较高的长期幸福感。）可知根据这篇文章，伊斯特林悖论指的是高收入不一定带来幸福的观点。故选D。【44题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文Another study by the University of Michigan found that there is no maximum wealth threshold at which more money ce
95、ases to contribute to your happiness 可知没有最大财富门槛，在该门槛上，更多的钱不再为您的幸福做出贡献。指还没有一个临界点，在这个点上钱将不会使人开心。可推知如果有这样一个让人满足的点，我们还没有达到。故划线单词意思为“满足”，故选A。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中They argue that a countrys economic growth only makes its citizens happier if wealth is evenly distributed. In emerging countries with high incom
96、e inequalitywhere the rich get richer and the poor get pooreraverage happiness tends to drop because only relatively few people benefit from the economic prosperity.（他们认为，一个国家的经济增长只有在财富得到平均分配的情况下才会让国民更幸福。在收入高度不平等的新兴国家富人越来越富，穷人越来越穷平均幸福感往往会下降，因为只有相对较少的人能从经济繁荣中受益。）可知只有财富平均分配了人才会开心，即金钱分配不均是造成人们对金钱不快乐的主要
97、原因。故选B。【46题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中There is continuing debate about the link between wealth and happiness, with arguments both for and against the notion that richer countries are happier. However, it is clear that wealth alone isnt enough to make us happy.（关于财富与幸福之间的联系，人们仍在争论不休，有人支持，有人反对富裕国家更幸福的观点。然而，很明显，财
98、富本身并不足以使我们幸福。）以及文章主要内容可知主要围绕着经济与幸福相关的话题，所以短文的最佳标题是“幸福的经济学 ”。故选C。SectionCDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.True intelligenceTaking charge of your
99、self involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems, to read, write and compute at certain levels, and to resolve abstract equations quickly. _47_It encourages a kind of intellectual pre
100、judice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is intelligent. Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates.
101、A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day. _48_Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a mi
102、nimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N. B.D. -Nervous Break Down.Intelligent people do not have N. B. D. because they are in charge of themselves. _49_You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelli
103、gent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it
104、 means to be human. _50_But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N, B. D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intell
105、igent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare. A. Holding a university degree indicates ones ability to write properly worded documents.B. If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything its worth, then you are an intelligent person.C. N.B.D refers to an illness that causes a person to
106、suffer from anxiety and to have difficulty living and working as usual.D. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings.E. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how t
107、o deal with the problems of their lives.F. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment.【答案】47. F 48. B 49. E 50. D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了什么是真正的智慧。智慧的观点认为正规的教育和书本知识才是自我实现的真正标准助长了一种智力偏见。真正智慧指标是每天都过着有效、快乐的生活，每时每刻都过着这样的生活。那些认识到问题是人类的一种状态
108、，不以没有问题来衡量幸福的人是我们所知道的最聪明的人;也是最罕见的。【47题详解】根据上文At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems, to read, write and compute at certain levels, and to resolve abstract equations quickly. （最重要的是，智力是通过你解决复杂问题的能力来衡量的，在一定程度上，你的读写和计算能力，以及快速解决抽象方程的能
109、力。）可推知本句应当为对于智力进行更进一步的分析。故F选项“这种智慧的观点认为正规的教育和卓越的书本知识才是自我实现的真正标准。”可承接上文，符合语境。故选F。【48题详解】根据上文A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.（一个真正的智力指标是每天都过着有效、快乐的生活，每时每刻都过着这样的生活。）与B选项中的happy, intelligent person形成呼应，表示“如果你快乐，如果你每时每刻都活得有
110、意义，那么你就是一个聪明的人。”符合上下文语境。故选B。【49题详解】根据上文中Intelligent people do not have N. B. D. because they are in charge of themselves.（“聪明”人不会精神崩溃，因为他们能控制自己。）中intelligent people可对应到E选项中的They,且说明其中的原因是：他们知道如何选择快乐而不是沮丧，因为他们知道如何处理生活中的问题。故选E。【50题详解】根据上文Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it m
111、eans to be human. （分歧、冲突和妥协是人性的一部分。）中disagreements, conflicts and compromises与D选项中的money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents形成呼应，且表示“同样地，金钱、变老、疾病、死亡、自然灾害和意外事故几乎都是给所有人带来问题的事件。”符合上下文语境。故选D。. Summary writing51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea a
112、nd the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Blowing a Few TopsEver stopped to consider the upside of volcanic eruptions? Its not all death, destruction and hot liquid rockscientists have a plan to cool the planet by simulating one such eruption
113、.Solar geoengineering involves simulating a volcano by spraying aerosols(气溶胶) into the atmosphere. When they combine with oxygen, droplets of sulfuric acid (硫酸) form. These droplets reflect sunlight away from Earth, cooling the planet. All good in theory, but the consequences are largely unknown and
114、 a few could be disastrous. In a study recently published in Nature Communications, researchers led by Anthony Jones, a climate scientist from the University of Exeter, found that using this technology in the Northern Hemisphere could reduce the number of tropical winds hitting the U.S. and Caribbea
115、n. But theres an annoying exchange: more winds in the Southern Hemisphere and a drought across the Sahel region of Africa. Thats because the entire climate system is linkeddisrupting one region will invariably affect another. How would a nation react if another was causing its weather to get much wo
116、rse? Would that be an act of war?There is, however, a case for using solar geoengineering on a global scale. Jones says it could be used to “take the edge off” the temperature increases scientists are predicting. It could be used while the world searches for more effective strategies.The study also
117、highlights a far bigger problem with solar geoengineering: its complete lack of regulation. “Theres nothing that could stop one country just doing it,” Jones says. “You only need about 100 aircraft with three flights per day. It would cost $1 billion to $10 billion per year.” He adds, “Its deeply di
118、sturbing that we have this technology that could have such a massive influence on the climate, yet theres just no regulation to stop countries or even organizations from doing it.”Jones cautions that there is much about the climate system we do not understand, as well as far more work that will need
119、 to be done before solar geoengineering is considered safeor too dangerous to even discuss._【答案】The planet could be cooled by using solar geoengineering, if scientists simulate an erupting volcano. The method would probably work, but it could have devastating side-effects. The fact that there is no
120、law to stop any country or company from using this technology worries scientists. The technology requires further study before being put into use.【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文说明了如果科学家们模拟一个喷发的火山，地球可以通过太阳地球工程学来冷却。这种方法可能会奏效，但可能会产生毁灭性的副作用。没有法律阻止任何国家或公司使用这项技术，这一事实让科学家们感到担忧。这项技术在投入使用前需要进一步研究。【详解】第一步：阅读 1认真阅读给定的原文材料，
121、如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍；阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2划出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子；决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了；对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 3简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括概要写作重要的东西。第二步：写作步骤 1.浏览课文，找出主题：如果科学家们模拟一个喷发的火山，地球可以通过太阳地球工程学来冷却。这种方法可能会奏效，但可能会产生毁灭性的副作用。没有法律阻止任何国家或公司使用这项技术，这一事实让科学家们感到担忧。这项技术在投入使用前需要进一步研究。2.分析文章的结构，把它分成几个部分，找出每个部分的主要思想，用你自己的文字
122、简短地写出来。本文主要分为三部分。第一部分：The planet could be cooled by using solar geoengineering, if scientists simulate an erupting volcano .第二部分：The method would probably work, but it could have devastating side-effects.第三部分：The fact that there is no law to stop any country or company from using this technology wor
123、ries scientists. The technology requires further study before being put into use。3.按照逻辑顺序组织主要和相关的支持点， 使用最短的连接词进行连接：but, then, thus, yet, though。第三步：修改成文 草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，概要写作中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们，保持语言简单明了。最后，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。V. TranslationsDirections：Translat
124、e the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.52. 建议老年人晚上不要喝浓茶，以免睡不着。（in case）53. 在任何情况下，坚持原则、明辨是非都是明智之举。（sense）54. 下周五考试的那天碰巧有一场他们期待已久的音乐会，这令他们非常沮丧。（There）55. 是不是当她很难嚼东西的时候她才下定决心去那家朋友推荐的诊所看牙医的啊？（it）【答案】52. It is suggested that elderly people should not drink strong te
125、a at night, in case they may not fall asleep. 53. In any situation, it makes sense to stick to the principle and distinguish right from wrong. 54. There happens to be a concert which they have looked forward to for a long time on next Friday when they will have a test,which disappoints them a lot. 5
126、5. Was it when she had difficulty chewing food that she decided to see the dentist in the clinic recommended by her friends?【解析】【52题详解】考查固定短语和句型。根据汉语可知“以免”是in case，后加句子；“睡着”是fall asleep；此句用It is suggested that句型，that从句用虚拟语气，动词用（should）+动词原形。故答案为：It is suggested that elderly people should not drink s
127、trong tea at night, in case they may not fall asleep.【53题详解】考查固定短语和it做形式主语。根据汉语可知“在任何情况下”是in any situation ，“有道理，明智之举”是make sense，“坚持”是stick to；句中用it做形式主语，不定式做真正主语。故答案为：In any situation, it makes sense to stick to the principle and distinguish right from wrong.【54题详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。根据汉语可知“碰巧”是happen to
128、，“期待”是look forward to；本句表示“有”用There be句型；“他们期待已久的”写成定语从句修饰“音乐会”，“这令他们非常沮丧”写成which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面句子。故答案为：There happens to be a concert which they have looked forward to for a long time on next Friday when they will have a test, which disappoints them a lot.【55题详解】考查固定短语和强调句。根据汉语可知“做某事有困难”是have
129、difficulty doing，“决心做某事”是decide to do，用“推荐”的过去分词作定语修饰“诊所”；根据汉语可知用强调句的一般疑问句形式，被强调部分是“当她很难嚼东西的时候”。故答案为：Was it when she had difficulty chewing food that she decided to see the dentist in the clinic recommended by her friends?VI. Guided writing56.Directions：Write an English composition in around 150 wor
130、ds according to the instructions given below in Chinese.为保护环境，政府提倡垃圾分类，但许多小区的落实情况不尽人意，请你写一封电子邮件向有关部门负责人反映这一现状，并提出合理建议。_【答案】As is encouraged to protect the environment, rubbish classification is very necessary. It can save the money and the time for a country to deal with rubbish and it also can enha
131、nce the quality of people.Faced with the new rule, many citizensfind it a little too complicated, with every item of waste now under careful examination and classification. Besides, some of them dont want to waste their time on this. So they dont do well in rubbish classification.In view of these ci
132、rcumstances, I think we should take some measures. Firstly, give people more patience and let them get familiar with the rules of rubbish classification. Secondly, more regulations should be made and carried out by authorities tooverseeandenforce it .Thirdly, it is necessary to improve peoples aware
133、ness of environmental protection, getting them into a habit.Only by doing these can we help people develop more environmentally friendly living habits and make China a more beautiful country.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，为保护环境，政府提倡垃圾分类，但许多小区的落实情况不尽人意，请你写一封电子邮件向有关部门负责人反映这一现状，并提出合理建议。第二步：根据写作要求
134、确定关键词（组），如： rubbish classification, too complicated, waste time, take measures, get familiar with, regulations, peoples awareness of environmental protection.第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。本文用一般现在时。第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方
135、式，如As is encouraged to protect the environment, 运用了定语从句；Faced with the new rule运用了过去分词作状语；more regulations should be made and carried out by authorities tooverseeandenforce it .运用了情态动词的被动形式；it is necessary to improve peoples awareness of environmental protection, getting them into a habit.运用了it做形式主语和现在分词作状语；Only by doing these can we help people develop more environmentally friendly living habits运用了倒装句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
