1、专题三代词考向预测 高考对代词的考查主要是在具体、特定语境下灵活运用代词。特别是不定代词one，the one，ones，the ones与指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。解答此类试题需要注意：在解题时一定要明确考点，对比分析，对症下药，尤其是要掌握好容易混淆的代词的辨析。考点定位代词在近年高考试题中出现频率很高，每年至少测试一道题。在语法填空中主要考查代词的不同词形的变化，短文改错中主要考查代词的指代一致问题。考点1：both，all，either，each，every，neither，none的用法
2、1. both，either，neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”；either意为“两者中的任何一个”；neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如：Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。2all，none，each，every用于多者。all意为“全部都”，指可数的东西时为复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；none意为“全都不，任何一个都不”，指可数的东西时可为单数或复数，指不可数
3、的东西时为单数；each和every意为“每一个”，为单数，两者都能作定语用，但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。All of the students are there.All (of) the milk is there.Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。Each student may have an edictionary./Each of the students has an edictionary./The students each have an edictionary.每个学生都可有一本电子词典。【典例】
4、Its an eitheror situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.Aothers BeitherCanother Dboth【答案】D【解析】句意：这是一种二选一的情况，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定，应用not . both，故选D。考点2：复合不定代词的用法由some，any，no，every加上body，one，thing构成的不定代词，叫复合不定代词。1some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句，意为“某人或某物，重要的人或
5、事”。如：Somebody is waiting outside.I have something for you.She thinks shes something since she won the prize.获奖之后，她觉得自己了不起了。2any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，意为“随便某个人或物，无论什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。如：Does anybody else want to go?There isnt anything in the box.If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please
6、!有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.You can take anything you like.3no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如：I know nothing about it.There is nobody here.4every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物，每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.She does everything to help her moth
7、er.Her son is everything to her.对她来说儿子就是一切。【典例】 This project requires close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together.ANothing BAnythingCSomething DEverything【答案】A【解析】句意：这个项目需要密切的合作，除非我们通力合作，否则一事无成。根据句意可知此处应用表示否定意义的词语，故选A。考点3：the other，other，another，others，the others的区别the other/othe
8、rthe other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的”。other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义another可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few复数名词”形式，表示“另外的(多少)”others/the othersothers只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the othersHe is willing to help others/other people.Twenty of t
9、he students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not.Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.We need another five chairs/five more chairs.【典例】Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is _.Aanother Bthe otherCone another Done【答案】A【解
10、析】句意：回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一个”；the other表示“(两者中的)另一个”；one another“相互”；one“一”。考点4：none，no one，nobody，nothing的区别none既可指人，也可指物；侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物；后可接of短语；作主语时谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句How much money do you have?None.no one/nobody只能指人；是泛指概念，常用来回答由who引导的疑问句；不与of短语连用；作
11、主语时，谓语动词用单数Who is in the room?Nobody./No one.nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念；常用来回答由what引导的疑问句What are you doing now?Nothing.考点5：替代词的用法和区别it替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物Have you found your pen?No, I havent found it.one/onesone用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an单数名词。其复数形式为onesI think this book is better than the one I read last time.Th
12、ese shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.that/thosethat用来替代前面出现的同类的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the onesThe weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.【典例】The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on t
13、he small ones.Aone BthisCthat Dit【答案】C【解析】句意：大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯亮得时间更长。that在此处替代前面提到的traffic，以避免重复。one泛指可数名词单数；this通常指代下文要提到的事情；it指代上文出现的同一事物。（60分钟）限时训练经典常规题一、语法填空1.【2017全国卷】However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using 67._ every day.2
14、.【2016全国新课标I】On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother.3.【2016上海】(B)Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)_, and yet find it impossible to say no? 4.【2016四川】By that time, the panda no longer needed 48 (it)mother fo
15、r food.5.【2015全国卷I】A few hours 62._， Id been at home in Hong Kong, with 63._(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.二、短文改错6. 【2017全国卷】Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school.7.【2017全国卷】This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
16、8.【2016全国新课标I】 Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.9.【2016全国新课标II】If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.10.【2016全国新课标III】At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. 11.【2016四川】When he came
17、back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.12.【2016浙江】Every time he arrived home at end of the day ,wed greet her at the door.13.【2015四川】If you are me ,would you talk to him?14.【2015新课标全国II】Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. 高频易错题 一、语法填空（湖南省湘潭市一中、长沙一中、师大附中、岳阳市一中、株洲市二中、常德市一中2017届高三下学期六校联考）When m
18、y daughter was five, she41(give) a piano as a birthday present. With great42（excite）, she began learning it.43when she was no longer curious, she become sick of it.When her first teacher left, my friend introduced me44an American teacher whose way of teaching was completely American. After practicin
19、g, she would give my daughter some good comments, and then point out45should be improved. Every time she came, instead of beginning the lesson right away, she would first play some music. She said, To learn46piano, you should learn not only the skills of playing, but more47(important) to feel the mu
20、sic and love it.After some time, my daughter became fond of her lessons. Surprisingly, my daughter said to me one day, Mom, I was lucky that you didnt give up my piano lessons.48(learn) it is like climbing a mountain. Youll feel49(tire) when you are on the way. When you look down from where you are,
21、 you will realize that you50(make) progress. But if you stop, youll never take one more step.” That was the very thing I wanted to teach her.二、短文改错（东北师大附中、哈尔滨师大附中、辽宁省实验中学2017届高三下学期第四次联合模拟）I was shopping with my wife and we have plenty of things to buy. We drove to the centre of the city but stopped
22、our car in front of a shop. An hour later, we came back to the car. But it was strange that we could open the doors. So we asked the policeman for help. He was glad to help us. a few minutes later, he got the door open. Just then a man came up and shouted angry, “What are you doing with my car?” We
23、were surprising and went to see the number of the car. It was not his. We were very embarrassed on that time. What do you think that we did then? We had to speak sorry to the man.精准预测题一、语法填空（山西省45校2018届高三第一次联考）Self-confident people are admired _41_ others and inspire confidence in others. They know
24、that no matter what difficulties come their way, they have the ability _42_ (solve) them. Self-confident people tend to see their lives in a positive light even when things arent going so well, and they are typically _43_ (satisfy) with themselves. Wouldnt _44_ be amazing to have this kind of self-c
25、onfidence? Guess what? You can.Self-confidence can be learned, practiced and mastered just like any _45_ skills. You can begin by changing your body language. Just the simple act of _46_ (pull) your shoulders back gives others the _47_ (impress) that you are a confident person. Next, look at the per
26、son you are talking to keeping eye contact _48_ (show) confidence. Last, speak slowly. Research has proved that those who take time to speak slowly and _49_ (clear) feel more self-confident. The added bonus is that they will actually be able to understand _50_ you are saying.二、短文改错 （江西省百所名校2018届高三第一
27、次联考）Dear friends,Welcome to China. Im very pleasing to tell you some arrangement during your stay in Beijing. Our headmaster was to meet you on Monday morning and he will say anything about our school. We will be shown around the lab building and the library in the afternoon. On Tuesday morning, the
28、 students from both countries are to visit at the Forbidden City, about that Mr Zhang will tell some interesting stories. In the evening, we are going to have party in Room 402. Many students will give nice perform at the party. At 9:45 on Wednesday morning, youll leave to Xian by train.I hope youll
29、 have a good time here. Thank you.参考答案经典常规题一、 语法填空1.【答案】it【解题思路】考查代词。it指代伦敦地铁。2.【答案】its【解题思路】考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。3.【答案】you【解题思路】.考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。4.【答案】its【解题思路】句意：小熊猫不再需要它妈妈的食物。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its。5.【答案】62before/earlier 63its【解题思路】62.考查副词的用法。几个小时前，“我”
30、在香港的家里。注意不可以用ago。63.考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里，呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its。二、短文改错6.【答案】all改成both或去掉all 【解题思路】考查代词的用法。根据语境可知，张家夫妇仅有二人，用both指代。7.【答案】your my【解题思路】考查代词。整篇文章都是在说“我”的事情，而且根据前面me可知此处还是指“我的”高中生活。8.【答案】our his； stead steadily【解题思路】考查代词。根据句意可知此处是指叔叔的生意，用his指代；stead steadily 考查副词。根据句意可知此处grow是实意动词，
31、意思是 “增长”，不是系动词，故用副词修饰。9.【答案】your改为our；knowledges改为knowledge【解题思路】考查代词。应该使用our与本句的主语we保持一致。句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识； 考查名词单复数。本句中名词knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。10.【答案】 yourselfmyself【解题思路】考查反身代词。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语I可知，应该用myself，故把yourself改为myself。11.【答案】her-his 【解题思路】句意：在爸爸手里。故把her-
32、his。12.【答案】at后面加the；her改成him【解题思路】at the end of 为固定搭配，“在结束的时候”；根据上文可知我们每天在门口迎接爸爸。用him指代my father，作greet的宾语。故her改成him。13.【答案】himthem【解题思路】考查代词。根据上文可知，作者交了三个朋友，故用them而非him。句意为：你会和他们说吗？14.【答案】saw后加his【解题思路】 由上下文可知，他看到的是他的父母，故 saw后加his。高频易错题一、 语法填空【答案】41.was given 42. excitement 43. However 44.to 45. wh
33、at 46.the 47. importantly 48. Learning 49. tired 50. have been making【解题思路】本文为记叙文。文章记叙了自己的女儿学习弹钢琴的过程及在学习弹钢琴中所收获的人生感悟。41.考查动词语态。句意：当我女儿五岁的时候，她被给了一架钢琴作为生日礼物。根据句意可知，此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was given。42.考查词性转换。空前with可知，此处应使用名词。故填excitement。43.考查副词。句意：然而当她不再好奇的时候，她开始讨厌它。根据句意可知，此处应使用转折副词however。故填However。44.考查介
34、词搭配。introduce sb. to. sb.“把某人介绍给某人”。故填to。45.考查名词性从句。此处为point out的宾语从句，连词在从句中作主语，指代“应该改进的东西”，应使用代词what。故填what。46.考查冠词。此处特指钢琴，应使用定冠词。故填the。47.考查词性转化。此处修饰不定式to feel the music and love it，应使用副词形式。故填importantly。48.考查非谓语动词。此处作句子的主语，泛指“学习弹钢琴”，应使用动名词形式。故填Learning。49.考查词性转化。此处指“你会感到疲惫”，-ed形式的形容词意为“感到”。故填tire
35、d。50.考查动词时态。句意：你将意识到你一直在进步。根据句意可知，此处应使用现在完成进行时，表示从某一时间开始、一直持续到现在，或者可能仍然要继续下去。故填have been making。二、短文改错【答案】1.havehad2. butand3. could not4. policeman前的the 改成a5.angryangrily6. surprising-surprised7. his-ours8. onat9. think后的that 去掉10. speak 改成say【解题思路】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一对夫妻开车去市中心购物，他们把车停在超市前，等购物完回去开车时，却打不
36、开车门。随后找警察帮忙，却开错车的一件囧事。第一处：“I was shopping with my wife and we have plenty of things to buy.”根据was可知此句时态为过去时，由and可知前后两句为并列句，因此，后句时态也应为过去时。故将have改为had。第2处：“ We drove to the centre of the city but stopped our car in front of a shop.”我们开车到市中心并把我们的车停在超市前面。连接词and表示并列，所以前句与后句表示意思上的并列关系。故将but改为and。第三处： “An
37、hour later, we came back to the car. But it was strange that we could open the doors.”一小时后，我们回去开车，但是奇怪的是我们打不开车门。根据意思，可知前后句是转折的意思，所以用否定could not。还有，根据后边他们寻找警察帮忙，也可知道他们打不开车门。第四处：So we asked the policeman for help. 此处的policeman警察，是第一次在文中出现，并不是特指。故将the改成a。第五处：Just then a man came up and shouted angry, 。
38、副词修饰动词，shouted是谓语动词，angry是形容词。所以将angry改为angrily。第六处：“We were surprising and went to see the number of the car.” surprising表示某事某物使人感到惊讶，surprised表示人的感受，人感到惊讶。故将surprising改为surprised。第七处：It was not his. 分析上下文意思，我们打不开车门和最后我们像那个男人道歉，可知这辆车不是我们的车。故将his改为ours。第八处： “We were very embarrassed on that time.”我们
39、在那时十分尴尬。此处考查了time的短语应用，“在那时”应为at that time。故将on改为at。.第九处：“What do you think that we did then? ”，分析句子，do you think是插入语，不做句子成分。What we did then接下来我们做什么，主谓宾都有，that多余，所以去掉that。10第十处：“We had to speak sorry to the man.”我们必须给那个人道歉。speak后面跟宾语做及物动词时,宾语一般是某种语言.如:speak English. speak本身是强调说话的方式.speak常用speak to
40、sb。而say后加的宾语是说话的内容,say强调说话的内容.精准预测题一、 语法填空【答案】41. by 42. to solve 43. satisfied 44. it 45. other 46. pulling 47. impression 48. shows 49. clearly 50. what【解题思路】文章主要讲述了自信的人受到人们敬佩。通过肢体语言以及说话的语速可以给人以自信。41. 考查介词。句意：自信的人是受人敬仰的。在被动语态中，由敬佩，使用介词by。根据题意，故填by。42. 考查动词不定式作定语。句意：他们知道无论遇到什么困难，他们都有能力解决。动词不定式作定语修饰
41、名词ability，解决问题的能力。根据题意，故填to solve。43. 考查形容词。句意：他们通常也会对自己感到满意。be satisfied with对满意。根据题意，故填satisfied。44. 考查代词。句意：这种自信是不是让人很惊奇。it做形式主语，动词不定式to have this kind of self-confidence做真正主语。根据题意，故填it。45. 考查不定代词。句意：自信是可以学习，练习并且掌握的，就像其他的技能一样。any other任何其他的。根据题意，故填other。46. 考查动名词。句意：简单的把肩膀往后拉的动作给别人的印象就是你是一个自信的人。介
42、词of后应使用动名词。根据题意，故填pulling。47. 考查名词。句意：简单的把肩膀往后拉的动作给别人的印象就是你是一个自信的人。同位语从句“that you are a confident person”为名词impression解释内容。根据题意，故填impression。48. 考查谓语动词。句意：与你说话的人保持目光接触这表现了自信。动名词做主语谓语动词应使用单数形式。根据题意，故填shows。49. 考查副词。句意：研究表明说话缓慢并且清楚的人更加有自信。副词修饰动词speak。根据题意，故填clearly。50. 考查宾语从句。句意：额外的好处是，他们会明白你在说什么。unde
43、rstand后引导宾语从句，what在从句中做宾语。根据题意，故填what。二、短文改错【答案】1. pleasing改为pleased.2. arrangement改为arrangements.3. was改为is.4. anything改为something.5. We改为You.6. 删除at7. that改为which.8. party前加上a.9. perform改为performances.10. to改为for.【解题思路】这篇短文是写给来北京参观的学生们的，介绍他们来北京的安排。1.本句主语是I，指人，应该用pleased修饰人，pleasing修饰事物。故把pleasing改
44、为pleased.2.arrangement是可数名词，前面有some修饰，显然应该用复数。故把arrangement改为arrangements.3.短文介绍将来的事情，应该用be to do表示按照安排将要发生的事，主语是单数名词，be应该用is.故把was改为is.4.该句表示“关于我们学校的一些事”，应该用something表示一些事。anything表示任何事，不合适。故把anything改为something.5.根据句意“你们将被带领参观实验大楼和图书馆”可知，该句的人称出错，应该用you，放于句首，首字母大写。故把We改为You.6.visit是及物动词，后面的介词多余。故删除at.7.逗号之后是非限制性定语从句，不用that引导；当介词+关系代词引导定语从句时关系代词也不用that，此处先行词是the Forbidden City，事物，关系代词用which.故把that改为which.8.party是可数单数名词，前面要加冠词，此处是泛指应不定冠词a. 故加上a.9.此处表示精彩的节目，应该用名词“节目”的复数performances.故把perform改为performances.10.因为上文提到在北京的参观，故此处表示出发去西安。leave for出发去。故把to改为for.