1、专题三 完形填空第二节 记叙文(2018全国卷)During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a“free”course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.I _41_the idea of taking the class because，after all，who doesnt want to _42_ a few dollars？More than that，Id always wanted to
2、learn chess.And，even if I werent _43_ enough about free credits，news about our _44_ was appealing enough to me.He was aninternational grandmaster，which _45_ I would be learning from one of the games _46_I could hardly wait to _47_ him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to
3、teach，and this _48_ was no game for him；he meant business.In his introduction，he made it _49_ that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to _50_ the class，among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to _51_ what we would learn in class to our future professions and，_52_，to our li
4、ves.I managed to get an A in that _53_ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the _54_Ten years after my chess class with Ashley，Im still putting to use what he _55_ me：“The absolute most important _56_ that you learn when you play chess is how to make good _57_On every single move
5、 you have to _58_a situation，process what your opponent(对手)is doing and _59_ the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my _60_ as a journalist.41A.put forward Bjumped atCtried out Dturned down42A.waste BearnCsave Dpay43A.excited BworriedCmoved Dtired44A.title Bc
6、ompetitorCtextbook Dinstructor45A.urged BdemandedCheld Dmeant46A.fastest BeasiestCbest Drarest47A.interview BmeetCchallenge Dbeat48A.chance BqualificationChonor Djob49A.real BperfectCclear Dpossible50A.attend BpassCskip Dobserve51A.add BexposeCapply Dcompare52A.eventually BnaturallyCdirectly Dnormal
7、ly53A.game BpresentationCcourse Dexperiment54A.criterion BclassroomCdepartment Dsituation55A.taught BwroteCquestioned Dpromised56A.fact BstepCmanner Dskill57A.grades BdecisionsCimpressions Dcomments58A.analyze BdescribeCrebuild Dcontrol59A.announce BsignalCblock Devaluate60A.role BdesireCconcern Dbe
8、havior【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过学习国际象棋学会了如何正确地做决定。41解析：根据上文中的“offering a free course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits”以及下文中的“Id always wanted to learn chess”可知，参加国际象棋课程是免费的并且可以获得三个学分，而且“我”一直想学国际象棋，由此可知“我”迫不及待地接受(jump at)了这个主意。答案：B42解析：联系上文中的“afreecourse”可知，这是免费的课程，因此可以节省(save)几美元。答案：C43解析：联系下文中
9、的“appealing enough to me”可知，即使免费获得学分这件事不足以让“我”兴奋(excited)，也有其他事情对“我”有足够的吸引力。答案：A44 解 析：联 系 下 文“he was an international grandmaster”(他是一位国际象棋大师)可知，国际象棋课程的导师(instructor)足以吸引“我”。答案：D45解析：国际象棋课程的导师是国际象棋大师，这就意味着(mean)“我”将跟随下国际象棋最好的人学习。答案：D46解析：联系上文中的“international grandmaster”可知，他是下国际象棋最好的(best)人之一。答案：C4
10、7解析：联系上文可知，国际象棋课程的导师吸引着“我”，所以“我”迫不及待地想见到(meet)他。答案：B48解析：联系空后的“was no game for him；he meant business”可知，这项工作(job)对他而言不是游戏，而是正经职业。答案：D49解析：联系空后的“that our credits would be hard-earned”可知，他向我们明确表示(make it clear that)这个学分很难获得。答案：C50解析：联系下文“we had to write a paper”可知，为了通过(pass)这门课程我们要写论文。答案：B51解析：联系空后的“t
11、o our future professions”可知，我们的论文是关于我们打算如何将所学的东西应用(apply)到 未 来 的 职 业 的。apply.to.“将 应 用到”，符合语境。答案：C52解析：联系空后的“to our lives”可知，最终(eventually)要应用到我们的生活中。答案：A53解析：联系空前的“I managed to get an A”可知，“我”在国际象棋课程(course)上获得了 A。答案：C54解析：联系空前的“life lessons that have served me well”可知，“我”从中学到了课堂(classroom)之外的生活课程。
12、答案：B55解析：分析语境可知，引号中的内容是导师说的话，也就是他教(teach)“我”的东西。答案：A56解析：联系空后的“you learn when you play chess is how to make good _(decisions)”可知，这里是指学到的最重要的技能(skill)。答案：D57解析：联系下文中的“the best move from among all your options”可知，这里指做出正确的决定(decision)。答案：B58解析：联系空后的“a situation，process what your opponent is doing”可知，这里
13、指分析(analyze)形势。答案：A59解析：联系空后的“the best move from among all your options”可知，要从你所有的选择中评估(evaluate)出最好的一步。答案：D60解析：联系空后的“as a journalist”可知，今天这些话对于“我”作为记者的角色(role)仍然是真实有用的。答案：A一、常见命题形式记叙文在高考中占有很大比重，有人物故事、历史故事、励志故事等。切入的角度主要是对社会、家庭、历史、文化、健康、科技等方面的反思，是考生平时在生活中接触和关注比较多的话题。文章以叙述为主，情节曲折，语言信息丰富，人物间对话较少，这就增加了情
14、景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了对在联系上下文的基础上选出正确答案的考查。二、命题特点记叙文主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章，具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写、抒情等手段记叙社会生活中人、事、景、物的状态及其发展的过程，用以表现作者的思想，抒发作者某种情感的文章形式。近年来高考记叙文主要以叙事、记人为主，解答时应着重把握以下几点：叙述角度。记叙文通常有两大叙述角度：第一人称和第三人称。第一人称就是从“我”的角度进行叙述，同学们可从字里行间阅读出作者对人物、事件或景色的情感或态度。第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。在做题时大家可采用“角色渗透法”，即假设自
15、己就是文中的角色，那么会有什么感受、做出怎样的选择等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。写作顺序。根据写作的需要作者往往采用顺序、倒叙或穿插等方法进行叙述。理清这些线索有助于大家了解事情发展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文章。写作要素。包括事件、人物、时间、地点、原因和结果等，这六个要素是记叙文的基本组成部分，一般不能缺少。弄清了这些要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主体，理清了整篇文章。写作目的。就事论事通常不是记叙的目的，而通过叙述整个事件阐明一个道理，是作者必须考虑的。只有心中有了目的，在情节选择和细节描写上才会做出合理的安排。明晰了写作目的，才能抓住文章的主题。一、句内层次题真
16、题例析1(2018全国卷，节选)Maurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to teach，and this _48_ was no game for him；he meant business.In his introduction，he made it _49_ that our credits would be hard-earned.48A.chance BqualificationChonor Djob49A.real BperfectCclear Dpossible48解析：利用对应成分分析法解题。联
17、系空后的“was no game for him；he meant business”可知，这项工作(job)对他而言不是游戏，而是正经职业。答案：D49解析：利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题。联系空后的“that our credits would be hard-earned”可知，他向我们明确表示(make it clear that 常用搭配)这门课程的学分很难获得。答案：C真题例析2(2018全国卷，节选)I managed to get an A in that _53_ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond t
18、he _54_53A.game BpresentationCcourse Dexperiment54A.criterion BclassroomCdepartment Dsituation53解析：利用生活常识和文化背景解题。联系空前的“I managed to get an A”可知，“我”在国际象棋课程(course)上获得了 A。答案：C54解析：利用生活常识和文化背景解题。联系空前的“life lessons that have served me well”可知，“我”从中学到了课堂(classroom)之外的生活课程。答案：B二、句组层次题真题例析1(2018全国卷，节选)Duri
19、ng my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a“free”course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.I 41.jumped_at the idea of taking the class because，after all，who doesnt want to_42_ a few dollars？More than that，Id always wanted to learn chess.42A.wast
20、e BearnCsave Dpay解析：利用语义复现解题。联系上文中的“a free course”可知，这是免费的课程，因此可以节省(save)几美元。答案：C真题例析2(2018全国卷，节选)And，even if I werent _43_ enough about free credits，news about our _44_ was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster，which 45.meant I would be learning from one of the games _46_I coul
21、d hardly wait to 47.meet him.43A.excited BworriedCmoved Dtired44A.title BcompetitorCtextbook Dinstructor46A.fastest BeasiestCbest Drarest43解析：利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。联系下文中的“appealing enough to me”，“an international grandmaster”可知，即使免费获得学分这件事不足以让“我”兴奋(excited)，也有其他事情对“我”有足够的吸引力，因为他是一位国际象棋大师。答案：A44解析：利用逻辑关系解题
22、。联系下文中的“He was an international grandmaster(他是一位国际象棋大师)”可知，国际象棋课程的导师(instructor)足以吸引“我”。答案：D46解析：利用逻辑关系解题。联系上文中的“international grandmaster”可知，他是下国际象棋最好的(best)人之一。答案：C三、语篇层次题真题例析(2018全国卷，节选)“The absolute most important _56_ that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57.decisionsOn every s
23、ingle move you have to 58.analyze a situation，process what your opponent(对手)is doing and 59.evaluate the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my _60_ as a journalist.56A.fact BstepCmanner Dskill60A.role BdesireCconcern Dbehavior56解析：利用语篇大意逻辑关系解题。联系全文及空后的“you le
24、arn when you play chess is how to make good”可知，这里是指学到的最重要的技能(skill)。答案：D60解析：利用全文语境暗示分析法解题。联系全文及空后的“as a journalist”可知，今天这些话对于“我”作为记者的角色(role)仍然是真实有用的。答案：A(2019全国卷)Its about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Lowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota.During the long trip home，following a weekend of hun
25、ting，Ehlers _41_about the small dog he had seen _42_ alongside the road.He had _43_ to coax(哄)the dog to him but，frightened，it had _44_Back home，Ehlers was troubled by that _45_ dog.So，four days later，he called his friend Greg，and the two drove _46_After a long and careful _47_，Gregsaw，across a fiel
26、d，the dog moving _48_ away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with _49_It just started licking(舔)Ehlers face.A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one _50_ as lost in the local paper.The ad had a _51_ number for a town in southern Mich
27、igan.Ehlers _52_ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had _53_ their dog.Jeff had _54_ in Lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog，Rosie，but the gun shots had scared the dog off.Jeff searched _55_ for Rosie in the next four days.Ehlers returned to Minnesota，and then drove 100 miles to Minneapoli
28、s to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.“Its good to know theres still someone out there who_56_ enough to go to that kind of _57_，”says Lisa of Ehlers rescue _58_“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as_59_to it as I am to my dogs，”says Ehlers.“If it had been my dog，Id hope that somebody
29、 would be_60_to go that extra mile.”41A.read BforgotCthought Dheard42A.fighting BtremblingCeating Dsleeping43A.tried BagreedCpromised Dregretted44A.calmed down Bstood upCrolled over Drun off45A.injured BstolenClost Drescued46A.home BpastCback Don47A.preparation BexplanationCtest Dsearch48A.cautiousl
30、y BcasuallyCskillfully Dangrily49A.surprise BjoyChesitation Danxiety50A.predicted BadvertisedCbelieved Drecorded51A.house BphoneCstreet Dcar52A.called BcopiedCcounted Dremembered53A.fed BadoptedCfound Dcured54A.hunted BskiedClived Dworked55A.on purpose Bon timeCin turn Din vain56A.cares BseesCsuffer
31、s Dlearns57A.place BtroubleCwaste Dextreme58A.service BplanCeffort Dteam59A.equal BallergicCgrateful Dclose60A.suitable BproudCwise Dwilling【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Ehlers和他的朋友救助了一只丢失的小狗，最终帮它找到了主人。41解析：根据下文 Ehlers 和朋友一起去找那只狗可知，此处是指 Ehlers 在想他在路边看到的那只颤抖的狗，think about“考虑”。故选 C。答案：C42解析：参见上题解析。trembling“发抖”
32、。故选B。答案：B43解析：根据下文可知，他在尽力的哄那只狗，try to do sth.“尽力做某事”。故选 A。答案：A44解析：他在尽力的哄那只狗，可是它很害怕，所以此处是指那只狗被吓跑了，run off“跑开”的意思。故选 D。答案：D45解析：根据下文可知，这只狗是别人丢失的，因此此处用 lost“丢失”。故选 C。答案：C46解析：根据上文可知，此处是指他们又返回到之前见到那只走失的狗的地方，back“向后，回原处”。故选 C。答案：C47解析：根据下文 Greg 在越过田野的地方看到了那只小狗可知，此处是指他们在仔细寻找小狗，search“寻找”。故选 D。答案：D48 解 析：
33、根 据 文 中 提 到 的“frightened”“nervousness”，“fear”等词并结合上下文可知，小狗非常的谨慎小心，cautiously“谨慎地，小心地”。故选 A。答案：A49解析：根据下文小狗开始舔 Ehlers 的脸可知，它不再害怕，而是很开心，joy“开心”。故选 B。答案：B50解析：根据本句的“in the local paper”及语境可知，此处是指在报纸上刊登的，advertise“登广告”。故选 B。答案：B51解析：根据下文 Ehlers 给狗的主人打电话可知，此处是指广告上有电话号码“phone number”，故选 B。答案：B52解析：根据上下文语境可
34、知，此处是指 Ehlers 给Jeff 和 Lisa(狗的主人)打了电话，call“打电话”。故选 A。答案：A53解析：根据上下文语境可知，Ehlers 给他们打电话是要告知他们找到了他们的狗，find“找到”。故选 C。答案：C54解析：根据下文狗听到枪声吓跑了可知，此处是指 Jeff 带着狗在打猎，hunt“打猎”。故选 A。答案：A55解析：根据上文 Ehlers 找到的 Jeff 的狗可知，Jeff在狗丢失后没有找到他的狗，in vain“徒劳”。故选 D。答案：D56解析：根据上文可知，此处是指 Ehlers 对狗足够关心，care“关心”。故选 A。答案：A57解析：根据上文 Ehlers 开车把那只小狗 Rosie 送到 100 英里远的机场，把它航空托运到密歇根可知，这是件很麻烦的事情，trouble“麻烦”。故选 B。答案：B58解析：根据上文可知，此处是指 Lisa 在评论 Ehlers帮助他们找回狗付出的努力，effort“努力”。故选 C。答案：C59解析：根据下文 Ehlers 说的话可知，此处是指丢失狗的主人很可能跟这只狗的关系很亲密(close)；故选 D。答案：D60解析：根据上文语境可知，此处是表达他希望面对这样的事情，大家能愿意去付出更多努力去帮忙，be willing to do 乐意做某事。故选 D。答案：D