1、第2课时 考点突破 诵研练词 汇 研 析figure n体形，身材；人影；数字，计算(常用复数)；图形；人物像，雕像 vt.&vi.想；估计；计算(1)keep ones figure保持体型(2)figure sb to be 料想某人是figure out 弄清楚；计算出figure on 期待，指望形象记忆Being a public figure today，however，is a lot moredifficult than it used to be.然而，作为一个公众人物，今天比以前更加困难。I was trying to _ how to swim to the boysin
2、 a straight line.我试图找出如何直接游到男孩那儿。The bill you paid _ the tip you have togive to the waiter.你支付的账单并没有包括你必须付给服务员的小费。答案 figure out doesnt figure inrecover vi.复原；恢复健康 vt.重新获得，恢复recover sth恢复(健康等)；重新找回(遗失之物)；挽回，弥补(损失、损害等)recover sth from sb/sth 重新获得或找回某物recover from.恢复健康；恢复常态recover oneself 使自己恢复到正常状态(20
3、14安徽卷完形填空)In 2012，I had just recoveredfrom a serious illness when I received an invitation to awriters conference in Florida.2012年，我刚从一场大病中康复，就收到一个在佛罗里达举行的作家会议的邀请。I think it will take a long time for those in the quakehitarea to _ the loss of their loved ones.我认为地震灾区的人们从失去亲人的痛苦中恢复过来可能要花很长时间。We worke
4、d hard to _ the lost time.我们努力工作来弥补失去的时间。答案 recover from recoverfailure n衰退，衰竭；失败；故障，失灵(1)engine/crop failure发动机故障/庄稼歉收failure to do sth 未做，未履行(应做之事)(2)fail v失败；忘记、忽视或未能(做某事)fail to do 未能做或忘记做fail(in)sth 在某事中失败(2014福建卷写作)Success is the ability to go from onefailure to another with no loss of enthusi
5、asm.成功是，你即使经过一个又一个的失败，但也没有失去热情。Hisfilmwas_，andthisdidhisreputation a lot of harm.他的电影彻底失败了，这使他的声誉受到很大损害。She did not _ keep her word.她没有食言。答案 a complete failure fail to【点津】(1)failure用作不可数名词，前面不能有不定冠词。但是也可作可数名词，此时抽象名词已经具体化，意为“失败的人或物”。例如：He was a failure as a doctor.他当过医生，却不称职。(2)类似的词还有：success，pleasur
6、e，surprise等。ashamed adj.惭愧的，羞愧的be ashamed of doingsth 因做某事而感到羞愧to do sth耻于；因难为情而不愿of sb为某人感到羞耻；因某人而难堪that.感到羞愧的是I was blind，but I was ashamed of it if it was known.我是个盲人，但我羞于让别人知道这件事。She _ anyone that she had fallen in love with him.她羞于告诉任何人自己已爱上了他。答案 was ashamed to tell【辨析】ashamed/shamefulashamed指为
7、自己或别人的言行而感到羞耻、惭愧、尴尬等，意为：羞愧的，尴尬的。通常作表语，主语只能是人。其后可接of、不定式或that从句表示原因shameful指人或行为本身是可耻的、不道德的，具有贬义色彩，意为：可耻的，丢脸的。主语多为事物或行为。既可作表语，又可作定语The boy was caught cheating in the exam and he was_ of his _ conduct.答案 ashamed；shamefuldamage vt.&n损害，伤害(1)damage ones health损害某人的健康damage ones good fame 毁坏某人的好名声(2)caus
8、e/do damage to.使受到损害suffer damage(from.)受到(的)损害【辨析】damage/destroy/ruindamage指一定程度的损坏或损失，部分是可以修复的，可用作动词或名词，作名词表示抽象的“损坏、破坏”时为不可数名词。构成词组do/cause damage to sb/sthdestroy指彻底的、毁灭性的破坏，一般不可修复，常作“破坏，毁灭”讲。也可以指希望、计划等的破灭ruin指毁坏某种好的或者有用的东西，事后虽然存在，但已失去了其优良的特性或特征。意思是“使毁灭，崩溃，弄糟”。用作名词，意思是“毁灭，瓦解，废墟”。构成词组in ruins“成为废墟
9、”形象记忆(2014福建卷短文填词)Actually，severe damage done toour land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution.实际上，在历史演变中对我们土地的严重伤害是最近发生的。The problem is clear：man has _ hishome over the years.问题显而易见：多年来，人类已经严重破坏了自己的家园。Many buildings _ during the war.很多建筑物在战争期间遭到了严重损害。答案 done great damage to were badly da
10、magedwork out 锻炼身体，做运动；解决，解答，计算出；产生结果，发展；制订出work out a new plan制定一项新计划work out a best solution想出一个好的解决办法work on从事，致力于；继续工作；对起作用work at从事某活动，研究等out of work失业at work在工作；活动着；在起作用(2014重庆卷B)Keeping a diary can help you work outyour daily food intake more accurately.写日记可以帮助你更准确地计算出每日食物摄入量。观察下列句子，体会句中黑体部分的
11、含义These athletes work out at the gym for two hours everyday._Sheworkedouttheproblemwithnodifficulty._We have worked out a study plan._Thingswillworkoutifyouwilljustbepatient._Thingswillworkoutifyouwilljustbepatient._注意：work out作“锻炼，健身；成功，产生结果”讲时，相当于不及物动词，无被动语态。答案 锻炼 解决 制定出 产生结果along with 连同；随同all al
12、ong一直，始终get along with 相处；进展take along 随身携带注 意：“A alongwith/with/togetherwith/as wellas/besides/like/without/except/butB”结构作主语时，谓语动词需与A保持一致。(2014山东卷C)At the age of six months she was acquired,along with her sister，by John Ashley,a wealthyMassachusetts slaveholder.在她六个月时她和姐姐一起被送到了John Ashley家，一个富有的马萨
13、诸塞州奴隶主。_(连同九个别的孩子)whose parents werealso famous scholars，Irene studied in their own school，and her mother was one of the teachers.He found it difficult to _ his deskmate.他发现和同桌相处很困难。答案 Along with nine other children get along within the long term 从长远角度看；最终in the short term从短期看in terms of 就而言；谈及keep
14、on good terms with sb 与某人保持友好关系come to terms with sb 与某人达成协议be on good/bad terms with 与关系好/坏You may make good grades by studying only beforeexaminations，but you will succeed in the long term bystudying hard every day.你考试前才看书也许会取得好成绩，不过你若每天努力学习最终定会成功。The students are judged _ their marks.人们往往以分数来评价学生
15、。_，it is necessary to _ people around us，so we should learn to _ others.从长远来看，与周围的人处好关系很重要，所以你要学会迁就别人。答案 in terms of In the long term；be on good terms with；come to terms with句 式 探 究keep宾语宾语补足语(教材原句)Water helps keep your system clean.水有助于保持人体内部系统清洁。keep宾语宾语补足语，意为“使保持某种状态”。“keep宾语宾语补足语”结构中，宾补可以是介词短语、名
16、词、形容词、分词等，但高考主要考查分词，其用法如下：(1)keep宾语过去分词，过去分词和宾语构成被动关系。(2)keep宾语现在分词，现在分词和宾语构成主动关系。We should keep the earth healthy while using its supply ofnatural resources.使用自然资源时，我们应该使地球保持健康。Jack is late again.It is typical of him to _.杰克又迟到了，他就是爱让别人等他。My son put up a picture of Durant，the NBA star，besidethe bed
17、 to keep himself _(remind)of hisown dreams.我儿子把NBA球星杜兰特的照片挂在床边，时刻提醒自己不要忘记梦想。答案 keep others waiting remindedso 的倒装句(教材原句)Walking and riding your bike count，and sodo school sports.步行和骑自行车就算，校内体育活动也算。本句中的so do school sports是so的倒装句。(1)“sobe动词/助动词/情态动词主语”结构用于肯定句中，表示“某人或某物情况也是如此”。so意为“也”。(2)“neither/norbe
18、动词/助动词/情态动词主语”用于否定句中，表示“某人或某物情况也不这样”。(3)“so主语be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示赞同，表示“某人/某物确实如此”。so意为“really”。注意：So it is with.或It is the same with.表示“的情况也是如此”。当前面的句子中有几种不同的谓语时要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型。Why，this is nothing but common vegetable soup!So it is，madam.Its our soup of the day.怎么只是普通的蔬菜汤啊！的确如此，夫人。这是我们今天的汤。If you dont go to see the movie，_.如果你不去看电影，我也不去。She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching._.她是老师，喜欢教书。李先生也是这样。答案 neither/nor will I So it is with Mr.Li/It is thesame with Mr.Li