1、话题十一 自然与环保子话题(一)水文和地貌geography n地理province n. 省state n. 州capital n. 首府，省会ocean n. 海洋，大海continent n. 陆地；大陆，大洲stream n. 小河；溪流range n. 山脉valley n. 山谷，溪谷desert n. 沙漠jungle n. 丛林，密林landmark n. 地标性建筑mineral n. 矿物质urban adj. 城市的；郊区的local adj. 当地的native adj. 本地的，本国的remote adj. 偏远的；偏僻的mountainous adj. 多山的ste
2、ep adj. 险峻的；陡峭的be rich in 富含；盛产be separate from 与分离be located in/lie in 坐落于/位于be surrounded by 被包围/环绕着cover an area of . 占地面积为take on a new look 呈现新面貌off the coast of 在海岸附近at the top/foot of 在的顶部/底部(脚下)to/on/in the south of 在的南面(相望/接壤/在内)子话题(二)大气与气候weather n. 天气climate n. 气候haze n. 雾霾mist n. 薄雾fog n
3、. 雾frost n. 霜drizzle n. 小雨；毛毛雨breeze n. 微风rainbow n. 虹，彩虹rainfall n. 一场雨；降雨量shower n. 阵雨；淋浴storm n. 风暴，暴(风)雨thunder n& vi. 雷声，打雷blow vi. 吹n. 击；打击；吹freeze vi. 结冰；使冻住pour vi. 倾泻，不断流出mild adj. 温和的，暖和的damp adj.& n. 潮湿(的)foggy adj. 有雾的cloudy adj. 多云的，阴天的sunny adj. 晴天的；晴朗的freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的snowy adj. 雪
4、(白)的；下雪的；多(积)雪的chilly adj. 寒冷的lowpressure adj. 低压的zero degrees Centigrade 零摄氏度50 degrees Fahrenheit 50华氏度freezing point 冰点heat wave 热浪average temperature 平均气温weather forecast 天气预报subtropical climate 亚热带气候extreme weather 极端天气rain or sunshine 风雨无阻子话题(三)自然灾害与救援natural disasters 自然灾害；天灾earthquake n. 地震f
5、lood n. 洪水vt. 淹没，使泛滥drought n. 干旱hurricane n. 飓风，十二级风sandstorm n沙尘暴typhoon n. 台风volcano n. 火山tsunami n. 海啸landslide n. 山体滑坡mudslide n. 泥石流acid rain n. 酸雨wildfire n. 野火shortage n. 缺乏damage n& vt. 毁坏，破坏destroy vt. 摧毁，破坏ruin vt. (使)毁坏；(使)毁灭 n. (复)废墟；遗迹disappear vi. 消失threaten vt. 威胁predict vt. 预报，预言，预告
6、erupt vi. (火山)爆发，喷发terrify vt. 使感到恐怖frighten vt. 使惊恐distribute vt. 发放；分发drinking water shortage 饮用水缺乏warning level 警戒水位volcanic eruption 火山爆发dig out 挖掘，发现donate .to . 向捐赠stricken area 受灾地区economic losses 经济损失come to ones rescue 前来救某人be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中rebuild ones home 重建某人的家园子话题(四)动植物及生态保护1动
7、物(1)动物名称creature n. 生物，动物wildlife n. 野生动物beast n. 野兽，牲畜zebra n. 斑马giraffe n. 长颈鹿squirrel n. 松鼠kangaroo n. 袋鼠koala n. 考拉dinosaur n. 恐龙shark n. 鲨鱼whale n. 鲸seagull n. 海鸥seal n. 海豹seashell n. 海贝tortoise n. 龟，乌龟dolphin n. 海豚cattle n. 牛(总称)；家畜donkey n. 驴eagle n. 鹰sparrow n. 麻雀parrot n. 鹦鹉insect n. 昆虫pest
8、 n. 害虫butterfly n. 蝴蝶dragonfly n. 蜻蜓mosquito n. 蚊子(2)动物肢体部位claw n. 爪tail n. (动物的)尾巴wing n. 翅膀，机翼feather n. 羽毛fur n. 毛皮；裘皮(3)相关动作bark vi. 狗叫n. 狗叫声hatch vi.& vt. (鸟、鸡)孵蛋howl vi. 嚎叫，嚎哭，嗥叫2植物(1)植物名称bamboo n. 竹子maple n. 枫树pine n. 松树bush n. 灌木丛，矮树丛seaweed n. 海草(2)植物部位root n. 根，根茎ring n. (树的)年轮branch n. 树枝
9、trunk n. 树干(3)相关动作plant vt. 种植harvest n& vt. 收割，收获(物)grow vi. 生长；发育；变成vt. 种植sow vi.& vt. 播种irrigate vt. 灌溉3生态保护ecology n. 生态，生态学evolution n. 进化，演变survival n. 存活，幸存primitive adj. 原始的，远古的bare adj. 裸露的extinct adj. 灭绝的preserve vt. 保护victim n. 牺牲品，受害者damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地disturb the wildlifes na
10、tural habitat 扰乱野生动物的自然栖息地rare breed 稀有物种endangered species濒危物种die out 灭绝natural reserve 自然保护区protect wildlife 保护野生动物cut down 砍倒have disastrous effect on 对有灾难性的影响keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡raise the awareness of 唤醒的意识live in harmony with 与和谐相处子话题(五)环境污染与环境保护1环境污染pollute vt. 污染radiation n. 放射，放
11、射物waste n. 废料rubbish n. 垃圾；废物litter n. 垃圾garbage n. 垃圾smog n. 烟雾haze n. 雾霾white pollution 白色污染carbon dioxide 二氧化碳acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应global warming 全球变暖2环境保护environmentallyfriendly adj. 环保的replace/substitute vt. 取代，代替protect vt. 保护recycle vt. 回收；再循环advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡preserve vt. 保护，
12、保留，保存limited natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy 替代能源solar energy/power 太阳能nuclear energy/power 核能environmental protection 环境保护in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处live a lowcarbon life 过低碳生活prevent .from . 阻止做raise ones environmental awareness 提高某人的环保意识make proper use of water resources 合理利用水资源sav
13、e and treasure our resources 节约并珍惜我们的资源take action/steps/measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事take responsibility for/be responsible for . 对负责任call on/appeal to sb. to do sth. 号召/呼吁某人做某事1Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.有时候，微笑会如此有力量以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。
14、2The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disasterstricken areas.这个国家已经为灾区无家可归的人们提供了食品和衣物。3Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being poured into the river; as a consequence, water sources have become badly polluted.大量的垃圾和废水正涌入河流，结果，水源被严重污染。4. The more wild animals w
15、e kill, the more debts we will pay in the future.我们杀的野生动物越多，我们将来要还的债就越多。5Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.意识到雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性，全国人民正采取措施减少雾霾天气。6Accordingly/C
16、onsequently, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that people are more and more aware of the importance of the protection of the environment.因此，不难得出结论：人们越来越意识到环境保护的重要性了。7It is wellknown that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe due to global warming.众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺(问题)
17、正变得日益严重。8All animals and plants are important, because each species contributes to the variety of life forms on the earth and plays an important role in maintaining life.所有动植物都是重要的，因为每一物种都有助于地球上生命种类的多样性的形成，而且对维持生命起到了重要的作用。9With the number of cars increasing fast in our city, our environment is getti
18、ng increasingly worse.在我们的城市，随着汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境正急剧恶化。10There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global warming.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。(2016济宁高三二模)上周日，你班开展以“美化城市环境，倡导低碳生活”为宗旨的志愿者活动。活动内容包括：上午去郊区植树；下午去广场宣传，分发传单。请你就这个活动为校报写一篇题为“A Volun
19、tary Activity”的短文。内容包括：1活动内容、宗旨；2对同学的影响以及你的评价。注意：1.词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：传单 leaflet A Voluntary ActivityLast Sunday, our class launched a voluntary activity，_Low carbon living is surely a way of great significance.范文必背A Voluntary ActivityLast Sunday, our class launched a vo
20、luntary activity, the theme of which is to make the city more beautiful and advocate a lowcarbon lifestyle.In the morning, we went to plant trees in the suburbs.We worked in cooperation. Some dug holes, some carried and planted trees, and the others watered them. In the afternoon, we went to the Peo
21、ples Square to hand out leaflets, raising peoples awareness of environmental protection. Most of the students think highly of the activity, which will surely have a positive effect on our daily life.As far as Im concerned, its everyones duty to protect the environment. As long as there is the possib
22、ility of saving our planet, do take action now before it is too late. Low carbon living is surely a way of great significance.佳句演练(1)用whose引导的定语从句改写句Last Sunday, our class launched a voluntary activity, whose_theme is to make the city more beautiful and advocate a lowcarbon lifestyle.(2)根据句仿写句子As_long_as_you_dont_betray_me,_Ill do whatever you ask me to (do)只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。
