1、2013届高三英语名校试题巨献（教师版）第14讲 非谓语动词 解题指导每年英语高考测试中，词汇考查总会占一定的比例，而动词更是重点考查词类，尤其是非谓语动词，已成为历年来全国卷和各地考卷中的高频考点，无论是单选题还是阅读题、作文题或是短文改错题，都会涉及到非谓语动词的考点。不管题目怎样变化，但其考点总是不变的（只是重复地出现）。所以，掌握并运用好考点知识则会起着事倍功半的作用。本篇主要围绕非谓语动词在单选题中出现的考点作一剖析，以期帮助广大考生熟练地掌握和运用之。在高考英语测试中有关非谓语动词的考点主要有以下几项：考点一：从时态和语态考查非谓语动词的用法英语高考试题中从时态和语态来考查非谓语动
2、词的题目是比较多的，其中有单独考查非谓语动词时态的，有单独考查其语态的，而多数题是从时态和语态两方面来综合考查的。 例1、_the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (广东2004第26题) A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed【解析】选C。句意为“因为还没有完成这个节目制作，所以他们还必须在那再呆上两周”。根据句意可知空格处所填的非谓语动词与其逻辑主语they存在着主动关系，所以非谓语
3、动词需用主动语态（即现在分词形式），在时态上应用完成时态。另外现在分词的否定形式则为“not现在分词”构成，所以答案为C项了。例2、The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced例3、“Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have
4、lost【解析】选A。句意为“失去的东西不会再来！我禁不住地对自己说”。这是一个含有直接引语的复合句，做题时最关键的是首先找到直接引语中谓语动词（即never come），由此可判定空格处需填非谓语动词。由非谓语动词与其逻辑主语（things）之间存在的被动关系可知需要用被动式，选项B,C和D都是主动形式，所以答案选A项。【考点小结】仔细观察这些题目可知有其共同的考点，即选择谓语动词还是非谓语动词；选择主动语态还是被动语态；选择过去式还是将来式或是完成式等。做此类题的基本步骤为：方法：非谓语动词形式主要有三种：不定式（包括to do或do两种形式）、分词（即现在分词V-ing和 过去分词ed两
5、种形式）和动名词（即V-ing形式）。一般情况下，不定式含有“将来”的意思，现在分词含有“正在进行或将要进行”的意思并表示主动意义，过去分词含有“过去发生或已经完成”的意思并含有被动意义考点二、从词的惯用法或固定结构搭配考查非谓语动词的用法例1、I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.A. to be breathedB. to breathe C. breathingD. being breathed例2、David threatened his neighbour to the police
6、if the damages were not paid. A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported 【解析】选C。句意为“David 威胁说如果损失得不到赔偿，他就把邻居告到警察那去”。此题要熟知threaten to do sth（威胁要做某事）结构，所以空格要填不定式。再根据选项中动词与逻辑主语David之间存在着主动关系，就可以判定应该选C项了。例3、The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! AarrivedBarrives Cto arriveDarriving 【解
7、析】选C。句意为“这顿饭聚餐谁最后到达，谁买单。同意！”第一句中谓语动词是pays（支付），因此空格处缺少的应是非谓语动词，而且充当the last one的后置定语，两者属于主动关系。句中last属于序数词，在“the first/ second/ last中心词”或“形容词最高级中心词”结构中，后置定语一般用不定式，这是一个固定搭配。所以答案是C了。【考点小结】从词的惯用法和固定结构方面来考查非谓语动词，只能需要考生在平时学习中要多加积累并学会在语境中理解才能更好地应付。但下面几点需要特别注意。1、不定式的主动形式表示被动含义有三种情况。1）在“be表示特征性质的形容词不定式”结构中；该结
8、构中常用的形容词有： easy ，hard ， difficult ， important ， impossible ， interesting ， pleasant ， nice ， comfortable ， safe ， dangerous ， cheap ， fit ， heavy，happy, glad, pleasant, sorry, lucky, surprised, angry, able, right, ready, clever, foolish, quick, slow, polite, wrong等。这类形容词既说明主语的特性，又与后面的不定式构成因果关系。2）不定式
9、与疑问词连用时；3）某些动词（如to blame/seek/let等）的不定式与be动词连用时，。2、后面常接动名词作宾语的动词（或词组）有：admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, cant help, consider, delay, excuse, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep on, mind, practice, suggest, understand, miss, 4、后面接动词原形（即不带to的不定式）作宾语或宾语补足语的动词有以下几种情况。在感官动词后（如hear, feel, watch, notice,
10、see, discover, observe, listen to, look at等）作宾语补足语时；在使役动词后（如have, make, let, leave等）作宾语补足语时；在一些固定结构后（如had better, would rather, rather than, cant help but等）作宾语时；以why开头的省略疑问句中； regret doing对做过的事表示遗憾或后悔stop to do停止下来去做另一件事 stop doing停止正在做的事go on to do做完一件事后，继续去做另一件事 go on doing继续做原来的事 try to do 尽力要去做某
11、事 try doing 尝试做某事 mean to do 打算去做某事 mean doing 意味去做某事考点三：从独立主格结构考查非谓语动词的用法例1、I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 【解析】选 C。句意为“我今天先付给你一百美圆，其余的将在年内给你”。前后两部分之间只有逗号相隔，而没有连接词，所以可以判定后一部分应为独立主格结构。空格处应填分词或不定式。根据时间状语in a year可知，非谓语动词要用将来时态，
12、而且与其逻辑主语the rest存在着主动关系。所以答案应是C了。 例2、The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft，the most recent _ at the end of last March.A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched 【考点小结】独立主格结构是英语中的一个特殊短语结构，它只有逻辑上的主语（名词或代词充当）和谓语（一般用分词，不定式，形容词，副词，数词，介词短语来充当），而没有语
13、法意义上的主语和谓语，主要用语书面语中，在口语中不常用，在句子中起状语作用，相当于一个状语从句，表示时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随情况等，用于修饰整个句子。其位置可放在句首、句中或句尾，与主句之间只有逗号相隔，而没有任何连词相连，这是区别独立主格结构与分句的主要特征。非谓语动词充当独立主格结构中的逻辑谓语，主要有两种形式，即“逻辑主语分词”和“逻辑主语不定式”。在“分词”选择上（是现在分词还是过去分词）以及“不定式”语态确定上主要根据逻辑主语和逻辑谓语之间的关系（是主动关系还是被动关系）来确定，若是被动关系就选择过去分词或不定式的被动式，若是主动关系就选择现在分词或不定式的主动式。另外，还有一种
14、省略逻辑主语的独立主格结构，即当逻辑主语表示一般人（如we, you, one等）时，主语可省略。这时独立主格结构相当于一个插入语。如，generally speaking（一般来说）, strictly speaking（严格地说）, talking of（谈到）, speaking of（说到）, judging from（由来判断）, considering（考虑到）, taking all things into consideration（把一切考虑在内）等。考点四：从句法功能考查非谓语动词的用法例1、 A small plane crashed into a hillside fi
15、ve miles east of the city, _all four people on board. A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill 例2、At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future. A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered【考点小结】有比较才有鉴别，为了便于
16、识别非谓语动词的各种句法功能，笔者列出下表供同学们识别、记忆和运用。成分形式主语谓语宾 语表语状语定语同位语独立成分直接宾语短语动词宾语介词宾语形容词宾语宾语补语不定式动名词 现在分词过去分词（注：表示非谓语形式可以充当的成分）说明：1、可作主语的只有不定式和动名词，两者区别： 两者可互换，都可以用it作形式主语。 在问句there be和Its no good/use句型中多用动名词。 从时间概念上区别，不定式多表示将来或已完成，而动名词一般无时间概念。2、可作宾语的有不定式、动名词和分词，但两者区别在于： 不定式不能作介词的宾语。 动名词不能作宾语补足语。 现在分词和过去分词只可作宾语补足
17、语，而不能作其他宾语。 关于不定式、动名词或分词究竟在情况下可跟在动词后面作宾语，可以结合“考点二小结”来区别和运用。3、非谓语动词都可以作表语，但所表达的意义和特点不尽相同（可见下表）（非谓语动词作表语的区别）4、非谓语动词作状语时也是有区别的（具体情况见下表），作目的状语和结果状语的通常是不定式，分词一般作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和伴随状语。另外，动名词不作状语。状语时间原因条件伴随目的结果不定式动名词现在分词过去分词5、非谓语动词都可作定语，但也有区别（见下表）。与被修饰词的位置关系与被修饰词的逻辑关系时间概念不定式位于被修饰词之后动宾关系表示将来或将发生动名词位于被修饰词之前表示被
18、修饰词的性能作用经常发生现在分词或前或后主谓关系正在发生过去分词或前或后动宾关系已经发生名校模拟试题汇编训练（15分钟）1.【2012届江西省临川一中高三6月信息卷】28. He was watching for kids _ out from between _ cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something. A. dashing, parked B. dash, parking C. dashing, parking D. to dash, parked2.【2012届江西省临川一中高三6月信息卷】33. Was it _ th
19、e international conference that made the city the focus of this area? A. held B. hold C. holding D. being held【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处强调句型中，强调的是动名词短语holding the international conference，其作主语。3.【2012届安徽高考最后一卷】30. Weifang is famous for its annual international kite festival, people from dozens of countr
20、ies and regions every April since 1984.A. attracted B. having been attracted C. attracting D. having attracted4.【2012届安徽省六安一中高三第十次月考】22、The noise , she couldnt live here any longer.Ais too loud to put up Bis too loud to live withCbeing too loud to put up Dbeing too loud to live with【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。
21、非谓语动词作原因状语；live with 意为put up with.5.【2012届上海市高考适应性考试英语试卷】29. As we have mentioned previously, we will be dedicated to solving the problem within the current framework, rather than _ a new one. A. establishing B. establish C. to establish D. established【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处rather than前后为并列关系，与solvi
22、ng并列。6.【2012届上海市高考适应性考试英语试卷】31. The possibility of a murder _, the police have set about looking for the clues to her suicide. A. to be excluded B. to exclude C. having excluded D. having been excluded 【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处of是介词，句意：谋杀的可能性已经被排除，警察已经着手寻找她自杀的线索。7.【2012届上海市高考适应性考试英语试卷】34. We had better
23、 not bother our professor these days, for he is awfully busy preparing a report _ at an international conference next month. A. being delivered B. to be delivered C. to deliver D. delivered 8.【2012届上海市高考适应性考试英语试卷】37. _ by greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.A. Driven B
24、. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven【答案】A【解析】考查过去分词短语作状语。句意：因为受到更多蔬菜需求的驱使，农民们建了更多的温室。9.【2012届天津一中高三第五次月考】7. Husband and wife with a common duty to the country will find themselves _.A. draw close togetherB. to draw close togetherC. drawing close together D. drawn close together10.【2012届甘肃兰州一中
25、三诊】12. It is better for you to lose weight by taking exercise every morning. - I think your suggestion deserves _.A. try B. tried C. to be tried D. to try【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：我认为你的建议值得被试试。11.【2012届西安八校联考二】21_ very upset and sensitive, Freddy realized that they must leave the country before it beca
26、me too painful for themAFeeling BFeel CFelt DTo feel【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处因feel与主语Freddy之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。12.【2012届西安八校联考二】25I would like to make friends with any person who is comfortable _Ato talk to Bto be talked to Cto talk Dto be talked【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处person作talk to的宾语，用主动形式。13.【2012届河北省唐山市三
27、模】24 awake ,he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another.AStayingBStayedCTo stayDHaving stayed14.【2012届河北省唐山市三模】32We are sure to get all work by next Tuesday. Trust me .AdoneBhaving doneCbeing doneDto do【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。解题关键：get sth done意为：使某事被做。句意：截止到星期二我们一定能完成所有的工作。相信我。15.【2012届江苏徐州市高考信息卷】29
28、. Much disappointed as he is _ in the job interview, he still keeps his confidence.A. to have failed B. failed C. having failed D. failing【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处相当于：as he is much disappointed to have failed in the job interview。句意：尽管他对工作面试失败感到很失望，但他仍然很有信心。16.【2012届江西临川一中冲刺卷】21. Would you like to go t
29、o the party tonight?Id love to, but there are so many rooms _.A、to have paintedB、paintedC、being paintedD、to paint【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。 语意；我很乐意去，但我还有很多房间需要粉刷。此处应用动词不定式作后置定语表示将要做的动作。17.【2012届江西临川一中冲刺卷】33. _ as a promising tennis player in the world, Chinese player Zheng Jie succeeded in entering the next
30、round in French Open Tennis.A、Having acknowledgedB、AcknowledgingC、AcknowledgedD、To acknowledge18.【2012届四川成都市树德协进中学5月月考】23. _ extremely exhausted, I turned to look at the puppy that _ at the door. A. Felt, lied B. Feeling, lay C. Fell, lied D. To feel, lain【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处I 和feel之间是主动关系，故用现在分词；
31、第二空lay是躺的过去式。19.【2012届辽宁省大连市二模】23What should you do if you have problems with your life? .ATo find a friend to talk BFind a friend to talk toCFinding a friend to talk to DFound a friend to talk【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处find a friend to talk to是do的具体内容。句意：-如果你生活中遇到困难，你应该怎样做呢？20.【2012届辽宁省大连市二模】32A big com
32、pany was built in our city in 2011, _ a lot of job opportunities for the unemployedAto create Bcreated Ccreating Dhaving created【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处creating a lot of job opportunities for the unemployed作结果状语。21.【2012届黑龙江哈三中三模】23. Wed better postpone _ it till next week _ the manager will come back. A. discussing; when B. to discuss; thatC. discuss; what D. discussed; where 22.【2012届甘肃省西北师大附中高三诊断】14. The silence of the library is sometimes broken by a sudden cough or the sound of pages _. A. turning B. turned C. being turned D. having turned【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处of是介词，其后用动名词，根据句意用动名词的被动式。
