1、上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习精剖析高效练专题九 并列句和状语从句 上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习考点一 并列句(一)并列句的 4 种类型1表并列、递进或顺承关系：and，both.and.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.The earth is one of the suns planets，and the moon is our satellite.地球是太阳系中的一颗行星，月亮是地球的卫星。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2表转折、对比关系：but，yet，whileThe problem was a little hard，yet I was
2、able to work it out.这道题有点难，然而我却把它做出来了。The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习3表选择关系：or，otherwise，or else，either.or.，not.but.Now you can either have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息，也可以去看电影。4表因果关系：so，for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首)He found i
3、t increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他视力开始下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(二)并列句的 2 大句式1when“就在这时，突然”，常用以下句式sb.be about to do/on the point of doing sth.when.某人正要做某事，突然sb.be doing sth.when.某人正在做某事，突然sb.had(just)done sth.when.某人刚做完某事，突然上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习One Friday，w
4、e were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.当我们周五在收拾行李要去度周末时，我的女儿突然听到了呼救声。She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业，妈妈就让她练习钢琴。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2and 与 or/otherwise 用于并列句祈使句and陈述句(and 表示顺承关系)祈使句o
5、r/otherwise陈述句(or/otherwise 表示转折关系)Find ways to praise your children often，and youll find they will open their hearts to you.设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。Hurry up，or/otherwise you will be late for class.快点儿，否则你们上课就迟到了。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习考点二 状语从句(一)时间状语从句1when，while 和 as 的用法连词含义及用法 when“当时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂
6、性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生 while“当时候”，一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生 as“一边一边”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习When you apply for a job，you must present your credentials.当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证书。Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.客人们就要吃完的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。As he grew olde
7、r，he became less active.随着他逐渐长大，他变得不那么活泼了。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习易错警示 如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while 与 as 可互换使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend.我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2before 与 since 的用法(1)before 表示“在之前；还未就；还没来得及就”。常用于以下句型：It
8、will be一段时间before.多久之后才It wont be long before.不久之后就It was一段时间before.过了多久才上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。(2016江苏高考)One is that these instincts appear at a very young age beforemost parents have started to train their children to beh
9、ave socially.一个就是：这些本能在大部分家长开始训练孩子的社会行为之前，在非常小的年龄就出现了。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)since 的用法since 表示“自从”，其引导的从句在句中作状语时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；从句常用一般过去时。I have returned home twice since I settled down in the States.自从我定居美国后，我回过两次家。They have been living very happily since they got married.自从结婚后他们一直生活得很幸福。上一页返回首页下一页
10、高三一轮总复习since 引导的从句的谓语若是持续性动词，常理解为某一状态的终止；若是终止性动词，则理解为某一动作的开始。He has written to me frequently since he was ill.自从病好以来，他经常给我来信。He has written to me frequently since he went abroad.他自出国以来，经常给我写信。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习since 表示“自从以来”，常用于“It is/has been时间段since 从句”结构。该句型表示“自从开始(不做)已经多长时间了”，一般从句的时态用一般过去时，主句中的时态
11、用现在完成时。As is reported，it has been/is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.据报道，清华大学已经建立了 100 多年了。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习3till，until 和 not.until.的用法(1)until 或 till 表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但 till 不可以置于句首，而 until 可以。Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/
12、until next Tuesday?这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)not.until.表示“直到才”，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。As far as I know，his mother wont go to bed until he returns home every evening.据我所知，他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习4表示“一就，刚就”的常用表达(1)表示“一就”的表达as soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，the inst
13、antThe moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)表示“刚就”的表达no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.的 时 态 搭 配：no sooner 与hardly/scarcely 后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而 than 与 when 引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把 no sooner 和 hardly/scarcely 提到句首时，应用倒装语序。He had no sooner finished his
14、speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(二)条件状语从句1条件状语从句的常见引导词if，unless(if.not)，so/as long as(只要)，no condition that(条件是)，if only(if)，provided that(如果)，in case(万一，如果)，suppose/supposing that(假设，
15、如果)，assuming that 等均可引导条件状语从句。We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or its very cold.除非下雨或天很冷，否则我们将在本周日去公园野餐。My parents dont mind what job I do as long as I am happy.我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2条件状语从句的时态在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来含义；现在完成时表即将完成的情况；一般过去时表过去将来的含义。(2016天津高考)
16、If we work hard，we will find a way out.如果努力工作，我们会找到出路的。If everyone does his part，the project will surely be a success.如果大家都尽责，这个项目肯定会成功。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(三)让步状语从句1although，though，while 引导的让步状语从句。Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important，its never a good idea to exercise too close to b
17、edtime.尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。(2016浙江高考)While online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive.尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是不是所有的影响都是积极的。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2as，though 引导的让步状语从句需用部分倒装语序。Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey
18、.在长途跋涉之后，尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是因为累而睡得很熟。3“疑问词-ever”引导的让步状语从句，意为“无论”。However hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习4whether.or.引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论还是”，表示正反两种情况都不会影响主句的意向或结果。Well go on with the work，whether we can find the necessar
19、y tools or we cannot.不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(四)地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点、方位，通常由 where，wherever 引导，可置于句首、句中或句尾。I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise where I am sitting.因为我坐的地方噪声太大，所以听不清教授在说什么。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习易错警示where 引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别：地点状语从句与定语从句的区别在于从句在句中所作的成分，如果
20、作状语，则是状语从句；如果作定语，则是定语从句。The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.(状语从句，其中 remain 为不及物动词)The little girl who got lost decided to remain in the place where she was and wait for her mother.(定语从句)那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她的母亲。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(五)原因状语从句原因状语从句可由 because，a
21、s，since，now that，in that，considering(that)等词引导。1because 译作“因为”，表示直接原因，语气较强，能回答由 why 提出的问句。The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2as 译作“由于”，语气较轻，常表示显而易见的原因；since(既然)，now that(既然)，in that(因为)，表示双方都知道的原因，语气较
22、弱。as，since 和 now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。Now that you have got a job，you should learn to be independent of your parents.既然你找到了一份工作，你就应该学会独立不依靠父母。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(六)方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有 as，as if，as though 等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中 as if 或 as though 引导的从句常用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。The house was greatly damag
23、ed by the truck.Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习The construction industry is no longer as depressed as it was.建筑业不再像以往那样萧条了。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(七)结果
24、状语从句1引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so.that.，such.that.。在非正式语体中，由 so.that.，such.that.引导的句子中的 that 可以省略，注意其结构形式：so形容词/副词that从句so形容词a/an可数名词单数that从句somany/much/few/little（少）名词that从句sucha/an形容词可数名词单数that从句such形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词that从句上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.He is so learne
25、d a person that we admire him very much.他如此有学问，以至于我们都非常赞赏他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2当 so 或 such 所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such.as to.。He was so clev
26、er a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(八)目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that，in order that，for fear that，incase(that)，lest 等。1in order that 和 so that 引导的目
27、的状语从句两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。When he goes out，he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2for fear that，in case(that)和 lest 引导的目的状语从句引导目的状语从句时，for fear that 表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case(that)/lest 表示“以防出现某种情况”。The boy hid h
28、imself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。(2016全国乙卷)Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she injured her neck.莱瑞告诉她他已经扑灭了火，她不应当动弹以免她伤了脖子。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习核心考点针对练.单句语法填空1(2017东城期中)It has been separated from
29、 other continents for millions of years，it has many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.2(2017东城期中)I have never been to Rome thats the city Id most like to visit.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习3(2017杭州质检)there was no conclusive evidence，most people thought he was guilty.4(2017西工大附中质
30、检)More and more people are willing to shop online to get what they want，and I am one of them.I just cant help buying things I need them or not.【导学号：34802195】5(2017衡水中学七调)As we can see，developing a good habit is so important I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habitkeep a learning dia
31、ry every day.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习6(2017浙江名校联考)the wedding ceremony began，the couple nervously repeated their vows“We promise to love each other for better，for worse，for richer，for poorer，in sickness and in health”7(2017西安中学质检)we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized，we are not really le
32、arning the language.8(2017赣中南五校适应性考试)Earthquake safety is very important and there is more to it just keeping buildings from falling down.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习9(2017赣榆智贤中学检测)he has decided to come to see you，when do you think he will come?10(2017泰兴四中检测)Its a long timeI saw you last.Yes，and what a pity！I
33、t will be a long timewe see each other again.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习【答案】1so 句意：由于与其他大陆分开了好几百万年，因此那里有许多在世界别的地方找不到的植物和动物。前后两句为因果关系，故答案为 so。2but 句意：我从未去过罗马，但那是我最想去的城市。前后两句为转折关系，故答案为 but。3While/Although/Though 句意：虽然没有确凿证据，但大多数人认为他有罪。根据句意可知答案为 While，Although 或 Though。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习4whether 句意：越来越多的人愿意在网上买自己
34、想要的东西，我就是其中之一。无论我需不需要，我都会情不自禁地买东西。根据语境可以推断出此处考查让步状语从句，whether.or not 意为：无论还是。5that 句意：正如我们看到的那样，养成一个好的习惯如此重要，以至于我想介绍一种好的学习习惯，即每天都要记学习笔记。根据语境可知此处考查 so.that 引导的结果状语从句。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习6As/When 句意：当婚礼开始时，那对新人紧张地重复着他们的誓言“我们发誓彼此相爱，无论环境好坏、无论贫穷富足、无论生病健康。”根据上下文逻辑可知设空处引导时间状语从句，且从句谓语动词为瞬间动词，故答案为As 或 When。7If
35、句意：如果我们对仅仅记住几条规则就感到满意的话，那我们就不是真的在学习这门语言。根据语境此处应该是考查条件状语从句，所以要用 if引导。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习8than 句意：地震安全非常重要，与防止建筑物倒塌相比，还有更多的事情要做。根据本句中的 more 可以设空处填 than。9Since 句意：既然他已决定来看你，你认为他什么时候来呢？since 从属连词，既然。10since；before 句意：自从我上次见你到现在已经很长时间了。是的，真遗憾！还得很长时间我们才会再次见面。“It is一段时间since.”意为：自从到现在已经有一段时间了。“It will be一段时间
36、before.”意为：还得有一段时间才会。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习.单句改错1(2017石家庄质检)I hope youll soon feel calm or carry on to achieve your goal.2(2017资阳一次诊断)Not only did we take a break from our heavy school work，and also we learned how to communicate with each other.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习3(2017贵州遵义二联)When I was on the platform，and
37、 I was so nervous that much sweat was on my forehead.4(2017晋中一模)Success，to a great extent，can be influenced by luck，and this is not to say luck is an accident.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习5(2017温州联考)On Monday afternoon，we were playing basketball in the playground while I suddenly slipped and fell over.6(2017 全国
38、名校联盟百校大联考)When we got there，the firefighters welcomed us but led us into an exhibition hall.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习7(2017南平质检)I have an American friend，Marianne，she lives alone but has a pet dog，Sparky.8(2017邯郸一模)The holiday came to an end when I knew it.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习9(2017焦作一模)After arriving at schoo
39、l，I discussed with some classmates that we could do.10(2017江西八所盟校联考)Then a man came in with his son，whom wanted to buy ice cream，too.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习【答案】1orand 句意：我希望你很快就会感到平静一些，继续实现你的目标。前后不是选择关系，故将 or 改为 and。2andbut 句意：我们不仅可以从沉重的课业中解脱出来，而且我们还学会了如何互相交流。not only.but also.为固定结构，意为：不仅而且。3去掉 and 句意：当我站
40、在舞台上时，我紧张得额头都是汗。本句中从属连词和并列连词不能同时使用，故将 and 去掉。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习4andbut 句意：成功在很大程度上受运气的影响，但这并不是说运气是一种偶然。前后部分为转折关系，故将 and 改为 but。5whilewhen 句意：周一的下午，我们正在操场上打篮球，突然我滑了一跤摔倒了。be doing sth.when.为常用句型，意为：正在做某事这时。其中 when 相当于 and at that time。6butand 句意：当我们到达那里时，消防队员们迎接了我们并把我们带到了一个展览厅。根据句意可知前后并不是转折关系，故将 but 改为
41、 and。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习7shewho 句意：我有一位美国朋友 Marianne，她独自生活却养了一条宠物狗 Sparky。逗号不能连接两个句子，由此可见“she lives alone but has a pet dog，Sparky”应为定语从句，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语，指“人”，故将 she 改为 who。8whenbefore 句意：不知不觉地假期就结束了。直译为：在我知道之前，假期就结束了。故将 when 改为 before。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习9different 考查形容词。所给单词 differ 为动词，但因为空格前面出现了系动词 is，
42、故应用所给单词的形容词形式 different。be different from 是一个固定词组，表示“不同于”，相当于 differ from。10constantly 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知空格处修饰 trying to improve，应用副词。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习高考题型综合练.语法填空Everybody uses words 1special meanings.The more exact we are，the more likely we are to use such words.A word，properly 2(use)，can be as usefu
43、l as several sentences，or even a picture.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习As you study science，you will find that a diagram，a drawing，3a photograph may also help you learn and understand.Each of these special words 4(describe)a kind of picture.It is important 5(learn)the exact meanings of words like these.A photogr
44、aph is a picture made with a camera.A drawing is a picture done with a pencil，a pen or crayons.A diagram is a drawing，6shows the important parts of a thing.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习You will learn science words by learning their definitions.This means that you will learn how to describe what science words me
45、an by7(choose)other more familiar words.Soon you will find how easy it is to express 8(you)clearly with the help of science words.Learning to use science words correctly is not 9(differ)from learning to do anything well.We learn by practising and by 10(constant)trying to improve.It is not so importa
46、nt to say the definitions of words，but it is quite important that we learn to use words correctly to express ideas.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习【语篇解读】本文讲述了用词准确的重要性，用词恰当会事半功倍。1with 考查介词。对于纯空格类的语法填空题，如果空格出现在名词前面，很可能会填冠词、形容词性物主代词或介词等。根据句意可知，该空格处应填介词 with，表示“具有，有”，“with special meanings”在句中作后置定语修饰 words，意为“具有特殊意义的单
47、词”。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2used 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，而且所填单词并不是并列谓语，那么空格处就要用所给动词的非谓语形式。根据题意可知，A word 和 use 之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词。句中 properly used 为过去分词短语作条件状语，可改写为“if it is properly used”。3or 考查连词。对于纯空格类的语法填空题，若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，则很可能填连词。根据语境可知，此处应填表示选择关系的连词 or，此处表示一个图表、一幅画或一张照片都可能帮你学习和理解。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习4des
48、cribes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处表示每个特殊的单词都描绘一种特定的画面。此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；又因为句子的主语是 Each，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。5to learn 考查固定句型。在“It isadj.动词不定式”句型中，It 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。6which 考查定语从句的引导词。这是一个由关系代词 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which 在从句中作主语，先行词为 drawing。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习7choosing 考查现在分词。此处表示这意味着你要通过选择其他更熟悉的单词来描绘科学词汇的意思。该句中用
49、现在分词作方式状语。8yourself 考查反身代词。句子的主语为 you，后面的及物动词 express后应用其反身代词形式，表示自己承受自己发出的动作。此处表示很快你就会发现在科学词汇的帮助下，你会很清楚地表达自己的意思。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习9different 考查形容词。所给单词 differ 为动词，但因为空格前面出现了系动词 is，故应用所给单词的形容词形式 different。be different from 是一个固定词组，表示“不同于”，相当于 differ from。10constantly 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知空格处修饰 trying to im
50、prove，应用副词。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习.短文改错A good memory is of a great help in learning a language.Everybody learns his own language through remembering what he hears when he is a small child，but some children，like boys and girls who live abroad with parents，seem to learn two languages almost as easily as one
51、.In school，it is not easy to learn the second language because the pupils have so little time for it，and they are busy with other subject，too.A mans mind is rather like a camera，but it took photos not only of what we see but also of what we hear，smell and taste.When we take a real photo with a camer
52、a，there is much to do when the photo is finishing and shown to our friends.On the same way it is much work to be done before we can keep a picture forever in our mind.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习【答案】A good memory is of a great help in learning a language.Everybody learns his own language through remembering wh
53、at he hears when he is a small child，butandsome children，like boys and girls who live abroad with their parents，seem to learn two languages almost as easily as one.In school，it is not easy to learn thea second language because the pupils have so little time for it，and they are busy with other subjec
54、tsubjects，too.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习A mans mind is rather like a camera，but it tooktakes photos not only of what we see but also of what we hear，smell and taste.When we take a real photo with a camera，there is much to do whenbefore the photo is finishingfinished and shown to our friends.OnIn the same way itthere is much work to be done before we can keep a picture forever in our mind.