1、第三册Unit 3 The land down underI单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1strength 2pronounce 3clawed 4indoors 5entirely 6diversity 7different；dIfference 8point9inmmigrate 10hair 高考须掌握的短语：1as 2go 3out 4round 5made 6from 7differ 8surrounded 9into 10round 11out12birth 13away 14Infl Hence 15on 16on考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解
2、精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇1reSemble vt与相似；与相像eg： She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character她相貌像她的姐姐，但性格并不像。相关链接：resemblanee n相似；类似用法拓展：(closely)resemble sbin sth某方面与某人长得相似 bear a strIking/remarkable resemblance to sb长得和某人惊人地相似take after长得像 be/look like看起来像特别提醒：resemble无进行时态和被动语态。案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三
3、考题1-Jane and Susan are twins. -Really? No wonder they each other. A. like B. similar C. same D. resemble考题1点拨：答案为D。从they each ofher可以看出，此句需一动词作谓语，故选D，B、D两项为形容词，A项作“像”时为 prep。句意为：“简和苏珊是双胞胎。真的吗?难怪她们两人很相像。 总结提示：resemble为动词而like必须和be或look连用才能作谓语。2djffer vi相异；有区别 eg：Im afraid we shall have to differ on t
4、his matter在这个问题上恐怕我们要保留不同意见了。、 Chinese differs greatly from Japanese in pronunciation汉语发音和日语大不相同。相关链接：different adj不同的；有差异的difference n不同 differently adv(一般无比较级)不同地 用法拓展：differ ftom与不同 differ in在某方面不同 be d|fferent from 和不一样 be different in在不一样 make some/no dIfference有/没有关系；有/无影响tell the difference(s
5、)betweenand 说出和的不同There are differences betweenand和有不同之处特别提醒：d|ffer from和dIffer in的含义不同。考题2-1 The eating habits in the north are very much different those in the south. A. than B. with C. as D. from考题2-2 Mike differs his brother on a political question. A. to B. from C. with D. in考题21点拨：答案为D。此题考查be
6、dfferent from和不一样。句意为：“北方的饮食习惯和南方非常不一样。”考题22点拨：答案为B。此题考查differ ftom和不一样。句意为：“迈克和他弟弟在这个政治问题上有不同意见。”总结提示：辨清differ from和differ in二、重点短语3round up把聚集在一起eg： The farmer rounded up the COWS for milking 那农夫把奶牛赶拢来挤奶。 Please round up the rest of the class；its time to go back to schooI 请把班上的其他人集合起来，该回学校了。相关链接：r
7、ound adj圆形的用法拓展：round the corner拐过弯 round the hill绕过山round round on一向进攻特别提醒：round up中round为动词。 考题3 (典型例题 分)The cowboy the cattle that eating the grass here arid there. A. drove up; was B. picked up; were C. rounded up; was D. rounded up; were考题3点拨，答案为D。round up为“聚拢；赶在一起”，cattle后谓语动词用复数。句意为；“放牛娃将四处吃草
8、的牛赶到一块。”总结提示，round up“聚拢”中round为动词，cattle为集合名词，作主语，谓语动词用复数。4keep out不使入内；把挡在外面 eg： They closed all the windows to keep out the cold 他们关上所有的窗户不让冷气进来。 The notice should keep unwanted visitors out of the building 这个通知应该把不受欢迎的访问者挡在这座大楼外面。 Danger!Keep out!危险!切勿入内! 用法拓展：keep out使挡在外面 keepout of把挡在的外面特别提醒：
9、keep out可以带宾语，也可以不带宾语。考题4 In the countryside, people usually shut all the doors to keep all the mouse at night. A. up B. out C. off D. on考题4点拨：答案为B。此题考查keep与不同副词连用的含义，keep up保持；继续”；keep off“避开；挡开”；keep on“继续”；keep out “使挡在外面”。根据题意“在农村，人们在晚上通常把所有的门都关好，不让老鼠入内。”故选B。总结提示：辨析keep OUt/on/up/off的含义。三、重点交际用语
10、5Give them safety tips and warn them of possbIe dangers给他们一些安全提示提醒他们可能的危险。 warn sbof sth警告/提醒某人某事 eg：1 tried to warn him of the danger，but he Wouldnt Iisten我事先警告过他有危险，但他就是不听。 She has been warned of the danger of driving the car in that state已经提醒过她,汽车那样子开起来有危险。用法拓展：warn sbof sth提醒/警告某人某事 warn sbagain
11、st sb/sth让某人提防某人物 warn sbnot to do sth=warn sbagainst doing sth警告某人不要干某事特别提醒：(1)warn后面不接双宾语。 (2)警告某人某物必须为warn sbof sth考题5 The patient was warned oily food after the opera-tion. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating考题5点拨：答案为c。此题考查warn sbnot to do sth“警告某人不要干”。句意为：“这个病人被警告手术后不要吃油腻的东西
12、”。 总结提示：注意warn sbof sth和warn sbnot to do sth。四、重点句型 6Having been separated from other continents for million$of years，Aastraljg has many pIants and animaIs that cannot be found anywhere else in the world与其他大陆分离了上百万年，澳大利亚有世界上其他地方找不到的动植物。 having been done是现在分词的完成被动式，强调分词的动作对本句话主语来说是被动动作，且又在本句动词之前发生。 e
13、g： Having been rebuiIt this way，these temples look even more beautlful这些寺庙经过这样重建后，显得更加美丽了。 Having been warned many times， they at last began to pay more attention to their spelling经过多次警告后，他们终于开始更加注意他们的拼写了。特别提醒：v-ing可以作时间，原因，伴随状语。考题6 (典型例题) a re-ply, he decided to write again. A. Receiving not B. He
14、didnt receive C. Not having received D. Having not received考题6点拨：答案为C。“他未收到回信”这一动作发生在“他决定再写”之前。故用完成式。此题易错选D。非谓语动词的否定式在非谓语动词前加not，即not having done而不是having not done。 总结提示： having done的否定形式为not having done。五、词语辨析 7live On，feed On (1)feed on意为“用喂养；靠吃维持生命”。主语通常为动物。 eg：Sheep feed on grass羊以草为食。 Their mot
15、her cant afford to feed them on/with meat and fish every day 他们的母亲负担不起每天给他们鱼和肉吃。 She fed the milk to her baby她用牛奶喂孩子。(feedto) (2)“ive on“以生活”，主语为人。 eg： The elderly man lived on sinall pension老人靠微薄的养老金生活。 My mother lived by selling vegetables 我母亲靠卖菜维持生活。特别提醒：feed on的主语为动物；而live on的主语为人。考题7-1 Cattle c
16、hiefly on grass while people in the north mainly on wheat. A. live; feed B. feed; live C. feed; feed D. live; live考题7-2 用适当的介词填空 (1)The cat is so little, so must feed it milk. (2)The old man usually lives collecting waste things.考题71点拨：答案为B。feed on“以为主食”主语通常为动物；live on。以为生”主语通常为人。句意为：“牛主要以草为食，而北方的人主
17、要以小麦为生。”考题72点拨：(1)with/on (2)by/on feed on/with“用喂养”；live on“以为生”；live by“通过生活”。总结提示：feed sthon/with“用喂”。feed on与live on的主语不同。语法归纳 精通规则 游刃有余本单元的语法重点是句子成分表语 表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于连系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构中，连系动词只是形式上的谓语，而真正起谓语作用的则是表语。可以用作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。1，名词用作表语。
18、eg：Its a pity that we shall be a little late令人遗憾的是我们将要迟到一会儿。(连系动词是is) He became king when he was a child他在儿时就当了国王。(连系动词是became)This student will make a good teacher这个学生会成为一位好教师。(连系动词是make)2代词用作表语。 eg： So thats that就是那样。 She is very tired and looks if她很累了，并已显示出来了。 Whose is that sweater?那件毛衣是谁的?3数词用作表
19、语。 eg： We are seven我们一共7人。Ill be twenty-four in May到5月我将是24岁。4形容词用作表语。 eg： Are you busy?你忙吗? Please feel fiee to say what you really think 请随便谈谈你的真实想法吧。 He will not rest content with these victories他决不满足于这些胜利。 注意下面句子中的系表结构： Our dream has come true我们的梦想实现了。(come作为连系动词还常后接easy，loose，natural，alive，righ
20、t等) Her skin went brozL,n in the sun她的皮肤晒黑了。(go作为连系动词还常后接mad，hungrybad，wrongblind等) He fell sick他病了。(fall作为连系动词还常后接asleep，flat，short，Illsilent等) Keep，fit保重。(keep作为连系动词还常后接quiet，calm，cool，well，warm，silent，clean，dry等) The well ran dry这口井干枯了。(run作为连系动词还常后接short，loose，wild，cold等)5副词用作表语。 eg： Are you the
21、re?你听着吗?(电话用语) ls anybody in?里面有人吗? My days work is over我这一天的工作做完了。6不定式用作表语。 eg： My answer to his threat was0 h it him on the llose 我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。 To have knowledge is to kno0u the true from the false，and high things from low 求知就是辨别真伪与高卑。 连系动词seem，appear等常后接不定式to be，以加强连系动词的力量。 eg： A thin person
22、 always seems to be taller than he really is 一个瘦个子似乎总比他的实际高度要高些。 The verdict appears to be jUSt判决似乎是公正的。考题1 Wait until you are more Its better to be sure than sorry. A. inspired B satisfied C. calm D. certain考题2 Do you think the soup tastes ? A. deliciously B. being delicious C. delicious D. to be d
23、elicious考题3 What worried the child most was to visit his mother in the hospital. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed考题4 leaning women in big cities usually.get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay考题5 I had neither a raincoat n
24、or an umbrella. I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how7动名词用作表语。 eg： Complimenting is lying恭维即是说谎。 Is that asking so much?那是要求的高了吗?8分词用作表语。 eg： Its surprising that you harent met真想不到你们未见过面。 I was so moch surprised at it我对此事感到很惊讶。 Im very pleased with what he has do
25、ne我对他所干的活很满意。 I feel inclined to agree我倾向于同意。 (be或feelinclined“倾向于”可看作是固定搭配)9介词短语用作表语。 eg：she is in good health她很健康。 They appear out of breath他们似乎喘不过气来了。 The show is，tom seTden till ten演出时间为7点至10点。 介词of表“具有”时，其短语亦常用作表语。 eg： Im quite o，your opinion我完全同意你的意见。 It appears of no value它似乎没有价值。 引导表语的介词of还常
26、后接age，benefitbirth，charm，consequence，harm，importance，interestkind，nature，origin，quality，significance，stock，type等。10从句用作表语。 eg： Is that why you were angry?这就是你发怒的原因吗? This is what he means这就是他的意思。恃别提醒：(1)look，feel，come，sound，taste，smell，go等系动词后用形容词作表语。(2)当从句作表语时，主语为reason时，从句的连接词为that。 eg： The reason
27、 is that he was 111原因是他病了。(3)不定式作表语时，当前面出现do的形式时，不定式符号to可以省略。 eg： what I could do is(to)wait我所能做的只有等。考题1点拨；答案为D。此题考查形容词的辨析和形容词作表语，根据Its better to be sure than sorry可判断用certain“确信”。句意为：“等到你更确信再做；确信了要比后悔好。”考题2点拨；答案为c。考查taste“尝起来”作系动词用，后接形容词作表语。句意为：“你觉得这汤可口吗?”考题3点拨：答案为B。考查动名词作表语，并且使用动名词的复合结构的否定形式。句意为：“
28、使这孩子最担心的是，不允许他去医院探望他妈妈。”考题4点拨。答案为c。考查过去分词作表语，get paid=be paid。句意为：“大城市里的清洁女工按小时获得报酬。”考题5点拨：答案为B。考查表语从句，Thats why“这就是的原因”。句意为：“我既没拿雨衣又没带雨伞，这就是我全身湿透的原因。”总结提示：形容词，分词。动名词，从句作表语是高考考查表语的热点。IV专题探究 由点及面 由表及里专题探究：阅读理解答题技巧主旨大意概括题专题详解：这类试题主要考查把握文章主题和概括中心思想的能力。它包括分析、归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点等能力。要求学生能较好地运用概念、判断、归
29、纳、推理等逻辑方法，对短文或段落的主题、中心思想、标题或作者的写作目的作出正确的判断。命题人常常用下列设问方式： whats the main idea of the passage?(这篇文章的大意是什么?) The article is mainly aDout (这篇文章主要是关于) which is the best title of the passage?(这篇文章最好的标题是哪个?) whats the authors purpose?(作者的目的是什么?) 寻找主题句是解决此类问题的一个很好的方法。主题句作为一种概括性语句往往位于段首、段中或段尾其他内容都是围绕这一话题展开的。
30、但在有些情况下，可能在文章中找不到现成的主题句，那么出现较多的、具有画龙点睛作用的单词、词组可视为主题句；或者，学生自己在吃透全文的情况下，进行总结概括。对于这类问题，学生的思维既不能过于空泛又不能过于狭窄。考题1 The Manhattan(New York City)telephone book is one of the largest of its kind in the nation. About 1,500,000 copies of this book are printed each year. To make the paper of the books,43,00 tree
31、s are cut down. There are twenty-six columns of Smiths and twenty-three of Browns. If all the copies of this book were piled on top of each other,they would make a pile forty miles high.The subject of the paragraph is A. what the Manhattan phone book. is like B. where the Manhattan book is printed C
32、. how many telephones are there in New YorkD. who printed the first phone book,考题2 Animal trainers praise and reward their animals when they do their tricks well. They do not like to strike the animals when theymake mistakes. They believe that the best way to train animals is by kindness. The main i
33、dea of the paragraph is A. animal trainers often praise their animals B. animal trainers often reward their animals C. animal trainers seldom strike their animals D. animal trainers are sure the kindness is the best way to train animals考题1点拨：答案为A。本段首句就是主题句，即电话号码本的情况，然后以年印数1，500，000本，耗材43，000棵树，堆起来会有
34、40英里高，采说明号码本之多。考题2点拨：答案为D。驯兽员对做得好的动物进行表扬、奖赏，对犯错误的动物也不进行殴打，因此可以推断出训练的最好的方法是仁慈。尾句是该段的主题句。 总结提示：抓住文章的中心，注意段落的首句或尾句。V考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回顾1 测试语法 (典型例题) is your headache get-ting ？ -No, its worse.A. better B. bad C. less D. well1A点拨：考查形容词辨析。get+形容词作表语;且根据后面答语“No，its worse”可知，问话人想知道“你的头疼好点了吗?”get better“好一
35、点”，故选A。回顾2 测试语法 ( 典型例题) If it is quite to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortahle2A点拨：考查形容词词义辨析。根据题意：“如果你方便的话，下周二我去看望你”。convenient“方便的”。而fair“公平的”，easy“容易的”，comfortable“舒适的”，均与题意不符。故选A。回顾3 测试考点 2 (典型例题he way he did it was dif-ferent we were used to.A. in which
36、 B. in what C. from what D. from which3c点拨：题意：“他做事情的方式与我们习惯做的不一样”。be different from“与不同”，为固定搭配。且be used to后面缺少宾语成分，故用what引导宾语从句。VI2011年高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机一、考情预测 年考情预测预测1：though 预测根据：though作为连词，是历年高考的重点，07年的高考势必也会对其进行考查。 命题角度预测：though作为连词的使用非常广泛，它引导让步状语从句。though引导从句的语序可以用正常语序，也可以用倒装语序，但是though作“副词”用在句末，表
37、示“不过，可是然而”，学生们对此不太熟悉，这正是高考命题者首选陷阱。预测2：keep out，keep off，keep out of 预测根据：动词短语的考查是历年高考题一定会涉及的一个知识点，侧重考查学生正确使用动词短语能力及在具体语境中分辨动词短语的能力。 命题角度预测：其难点在于能否在不同的语境中，灵活运用相关短语。记住易混短语含义的同时，更重要的是在具体语境中正确选用，这常是命题者所设的陷阱。强测3：warn的搭配及其用法 预测根据：warn是一个常用的词汇，其搭配也非常灵活，是一个常考的词汇。 命题角度预测：对于warn的考查，通常考查warn sbof sth，warn sbno
38、t to do sth；warn sbagainst doing sth等短语的考查，而不是后接双宾语。所以一定要弄清其搭配及其不同含义。预测4：表语的考查 预测根据：对英语中句子的一个成分表语的考查，主要表现在对系动词的考查上，这是每年高考必涉及的一个知识点。命题角度预测：对其考查主要集中在feel，smell，tasie，sound，look等系动词后的表语必须是形容词这是命题中经常涉及的 知识点。预测5：表示“禁止”和“警告”的交际用语 预测根据：以上两种功能意念项目历来是高考单项选择题考查的热点话题，近几年的高考听力题中也多有涉及。 命题角度预测：此类交际用语的考查多数体现在you m
39、ustnt ，Youd better not do，look out/watth out/be careful等用 语的理解和使用上。预测6：话题：“澳大利亚”澳大利亚也是一个说英语的国家，它的发展与英国、美国有很多的相似之处。考查一个国家的起源，历史，民族文化，风俗习惯一直是命题者所追寻的一个话题。这个话题的考查会在阅读理解部分出现，以一篇文章介绍澳大利亚的历史文化、地理位置、风俗习惯等，题目设置有大意归纳、推理判断、细节理解等。二、考题预测备考1测试考点5 The officer fired to warn the man forward. A. go B. going C. agains
40、t going D. to going1c点拨：考查动词warn的用法。根据题意：“这个军官开枪来警告这个人不要再往前走”，warn sbnot to do或warn sbagainst doing sth“警告某人不要干某事”。故选C，而其他选项不符合语法搭配。备考2测试考点1 The bike Tom bought yesterday the one Mary bought a month ago. A. the same as B. like C. as same as D. resembles2D点拨：题意：。汤姆昨天买的自行车与玛丽一个月前买的一样”。resemble“和相似，和一样
41、”，为动词，正好此句缺少一个谓语动词，而A、B两项作谓语动词，须添加助动词be，故选D。备考3测试考点 3 Well hold a meeting after three oclock. Can you up the people present at the meeting?A. notice B. inform C. round D. telephone3c点拨：题意：“下午三点我们要召开一个会议，你能把来参加会议的人召集一下吗”?“把召集起来；聚拢”应用round up而inform表示“通知”应用inform sbof sth根据原题中up，应选C，而其他三项不与up连用。备考4测试考
42、点4 Please shut the windows to the cold in case we catch a cold. A. call out B. go out C. keep off D. keep out4D点拨：考查动词短语辨析。call OUt“大声叫喊”，go out“出去”keep off躲开；隔开”，keep out“把挡在外面”，由题意“请关上窗户，别让冷空气进来，以免我们感冒”可知，选D。备考5测试考点2 They look alike, but the way they,act. A. differ from B. differs in C. is differe
43、nt in D. differ in5D点拨：考查differ的用法。由题意“他们长得很像，但是在行事方面非常不一样”可知，“在方面不同”应用be different in或differ in；而be different from或differ from表示“和不一样”，故选D，而c项中的is与主语they矛盾，B项differs也应用differ。 备考6测试考点 7 Which do you in your country, wheat or rice? A. feed on B. live on C. live by D. feed to6B点拨：根据题意：“在你们国家，你们是以大米还是
44、小麦为生?”。live on“以为生”，而feed on“以为主食”主语通常不用于人。feed to一般表示“把喂给某人”，故选B。备考7测试考点6 , the child couldnt recognize his mother at first sight. A. Having separated for a long time B. Having been separated for a long time C. Divided for a long time D. To Separate for a long time7B点拨：根据题意：“已经被分开很长时间了，这个小孩第一次见面没有认
45、出他的妈妈”，separate和the child之间为动宾关系，且separate动作发生时间先于recognize，故separate应用完成被动形式作状语。 备考8测试语法 The dish smells , but tastes .A. well; bad B. good; badly C. good; bad D. well; badly8c点拨：考查系动词后面的表语形式。smell“闻起来taste“尝起来”后面接形容词作表语，故选c。而其他选项中badly或well为副词，不能在此用作表语。 备考9高考新题型：阅读填空题AGAINST BUILDING A MCDONALDS I
46、 am Very worried about McDonalds building a restaurantin our hometown. We are a small community and we enjoy our local dishes. I am not sure if McDonalds food is as healthy as they say in their advertisements. When scientists look at it care-fully they find high levels of fat, sugar and salt. This i
47、s very worrying. Too many young people are getting fat through eat- ing too much fatty food. McDonalds is not giving young people a good idea of what a healthy diet should be. Local Chinesefood,on the other hand, is full of fresh vegetables and fresh meat and fish. The food at a McDonalds restaurant
48、 is always the same so I wonder if it is made or brought in from else- where. Although it is freshly cooked, it must be less healthy than our own locally grown and cooked Chinese food. I also worry about all those cars bringing people to buy food in McDonalds. First, there would be petrol fumes(气体 )
49、, which would make our clean air dirty. Second, there is the prob- lem of all those cars that try to park and prevent other cars from moving quickly through our town. Third, what will happen to all the food containers if people decide to eat on the side of the road just out of town? Will they just t
50、hrow them on the ground? Im sure many young people would be happy to work for McDonalds but will they be treated fairly(公平地)? In Ameri- ca,McDonalds does not allow Unions to operate in its restaurants and these are people who speak up for the workers. If, as they say,the workers are happy with them
51、why should they fear some workers joining a Union? So when I consider the food,the cars and the jobs,I think we should not allow McDonalds to build their restaurant in our town. Topic Against buildmg the restaurantHealthy food? (1) (2) Problems with cars (3) (4) Problems with the job (5)9(1)No (2)air pollution/make air dirty(3)traffic jam (4)too much rubbish (5)workers unfairly treated