1、第四周介词和介词短语一、常见介词的用法常用介词如in, on, for, with, against, of, beyond, out of, across等含义较多，应全面把握。1against有“违背，违逆；反对；对不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。My mother is against my suggestion while my father is in favour of it.我母亲反对我的建议，然而我父亲赞成。2beyond可表示“范围，限度”，意为“超出，为所不及”。常用短语：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/ones
2、 reach/ones control“无法用语言形容、无法用语言描述、想象不出来、不相信、够不着、管不了”。No one hopes that the situation between China and Japan is beyond control due to the Diaoyu Islands.没人希望中日关系因钓鱼岛事件失控。3by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”，还可作“按；以计；依据”讲。As far as I know, workers are generally paid by the month.据我所知，工人们通常按月来付工资。4for有“就而言；从来看；达，计；为”之意
3、。The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained for.(2012浙江高考)我总想从事以前为之培训的工作。5off有“在离不远处；在沿海的海面”之意。The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.(2012辽宁高考)Well饭店坐落于湖尽
4、头的大路附近一个非常安静的地方。6across有“横跨”之意。Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders？(2012北京高考)你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了？7on/upon有“刚就；一就”之意，后接名词或动词ing形式。Rose received a big hug from her mother on her stepping out of the train.(2013福建三明三校第一次联考)Rose一下火车，她妈妈就给了她一个大大的拥抱。8over可表示时间，意为“在期间；直到结束”。Im sorry I
5、 didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks.(2011山东高考)很抱歉没给你打电话，可是这几个星期我一直很忙。9within可表示范围、程度，意为“在之内”。The government was doing everything within its power to help the victims.政府正尽其所能帮助那些受害者。10of表示“在范围内”。Of all the animals Ive ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive
6、to the spoken word.(2012浙江高考)在我养过的所有动物中，这两只狗对口头语言最敏感。二、介词短语辨析考查介词短语辨析，往往要借助具体语境，另外，还要掌握常用的介词短语及其意义。1与介词in搭配的常用短语in a way在某种程度上in no way 没门in the way 挡住道路in vain 徒劳in general 通常，大体上in detail 详细地in turn 轮流in return 作为回报in need 需要in time 迟早2与out of搭配的常用短语out of date/time 过时/过期out of question 毫无疑问out of
7、 the question 没门/绝不可能out of shape 变形out of fashion 不流行out of order 出了故障out of reach 遥不可及3“in名词of”常用搭配in honor of 为纪念in charge of 负责，掌管in terms of 依据，根据in praise of 赞扬in favor of 支持，赞同in need of 需要4与介词at连用的常用短语at no time 决不at a time 一次/每次at one time 一度/曾经at times 不时地/有时at ones request 应某人的要求at a loss
8、 不知所措5其他常考短语on behalf of 代表by chance/accident 偶然after all 毕竟，别忘了regardless of 不管，不顾on the whole 总的说来on the contrary 相反考点一 常见介词辨析1(2013新课标全国卷)It was a real race _ time to get the project done.Luckily, we made it.Aover BbyCfor Dagainst解析：选D句意：为了完成这个项目，我们简直是在和时间赛跑啊。幸运的是，我们做到了。against表示“与比赛”，符合句意。2(2013
9、安徽高考)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library _ a book about it.Aon BatCfor Dto解析：选C句意：在你到某一旅游胜地参观之前，先在你们当地的图书馆找一本与之相关的书看看。本题考查的是look for短语，因为in your local library这一地点状语提前插入其中，从而增加了试题的难度。实际上，后半句是由look for a book about it in your local library演变而来的。故选C。3(2013北京高考)I ha
10、ve an appointment _ Dr.Smith, but I need to change it.Ato BoffCwith Dfrom解析：选C句意：我与史密斯医生有约，但是我需要改变一下。have an appointment with sb.表示“和某人有约”。4(2013新课标全国卷)A serious study of physics is impossible _ some knowledge of mathematics.Aagainst BbeforeCbeyond Dwithout解析：选D句意：没有一些数学知识，不可能有严谨的物理研究。由语境知，without在此
11、表示条件，意为“如果没有”，故选D。5(2013山东高考)The Smiths are praised _ the way they bring up their children.Afrom BbyCat Dfor解析：选D句意：史密斯夫妇因其教养孩子的方式而受到赞扬。be praised for .是固定搭配，意为“因而受到赞扬”，故选D。考点二 介词短语辨析6(2013湖北高考)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _ a long lost antique Gr
12、eek vase.Aat random Bby chanceCin turn Don occasion解析：选B句意：最近，一位艺术家渡船到南方的岛屿，偶然发现了一个遗失多年的古老的希腊花瓶。根据句意可知应选B，表示“偶然地”。at random“任意地，随便地”；in turn“轮流，依次”；on occasion“有时，偶尔”。7(2013辽宁高考)_ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.ABy means of BOn behalf ofCIn search of DFor fear of解析
13、：选B句意：我代表在场的所有人祝您归国旅途愉快。on behalf of“代表”，符合句意。by means of“借助手段”；in search of“寻找”；for fear of“唯恐”。8(2013浙江高考)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner._， Ill set the table.AAs a result BOn the wholeCIn the meanwhile DAs a matter of fact解析：选C句意：如果你能去商店买些我们晚餐需要的东西，那就太
14、好了。与此同时，我会布置好桌子的。in the meanwhile“同时，在此期间”，符合句意。as a result“结果”；on the whole“大体上”；as a matter of fact“事实上”。.单项填空1(2014常州高三巩固性训练)Im afraid physics is completely _ me and I have to ask you for help.Abeyond BoverCagainst Doff解析：选A句意：恐怕物理对我来说太难了，我得请你帮忙。根据后面的“have to ask you for help”可知应选beyond。be beyond
15、 sb.“超出某人的理解能力”。2(2014江西红色六校联考)Sorry, I have no time left now.Can we discuss the matter _ supper?Aover BonCby Dat解析：选A句意：对不起，我现在没有时间了。我们能晚饭时再谈这件事吗？根据句意可知应选over，表示“在期间”。3(2014宿州检测)In my opinion, wine improves _ age, and it is the same with friendship.Aat BwithCfor Din解析：选B句意：在我看来，年份越久远，酒香越醇厚，友谊也一样。根据
16、句意可知答案为B。with作为介词，含义较多，在此表示“随着”的意思。4Is everything in place for the celebration on the weekend?Not yet.Its really a race _ time to get all work done.Aat BinCon Dagainst解析：选D句意：“周末的庆典一切准备就绪了吗？”“还没有。要把一切工作做好真是与时间赛跑。”a race against time“和时间赛跑，抢时间”。5(2014苏州中学质检)Although the price has gone up by 5%, its s
17、till _ the limit set by the government.Abeyond BwithinCoutside Doff解析：选B句意：虽然价格上涨了5%，但是仍然在政府设定的限度之内。within“在之内”，符合句意。6(2014南京一中模拟)Can I have your business number?You can call me, free of charge, _ 66887790.Aat BbyCwith Dfor解析：选A由语境可知，答语意为：你可以给我打免费电话66887790。at意为“以(某种价格、速度等)，用”；by意为“通过，依据”；with意为“随着”
18、；for意为“为了，因为”。当表示用某个电话号码时常用介词at。故A项正确。7(2014杭州一检)The films ending follows a set pattern, but, _， it is worth seeing a second time.Aon the other hand Bin other wordsCall in all Din the meanwhile解析：选C句意：这部电影的结局遵循了一个固定的模式，但是，总的来说，它值得再看一次。on the other hand“另一方面”；in other words“换句话说”；all in all“总的来说”；in
19、the meanwhile“同时”。8(2014江西两所名校考试)They agreed to the plan _ but there were several details they didnt like.Ain detail Bin orderCin place Din principle解析：选D句意：他们基本上同意这个计划，但有些细节他们并不喜欢。in principle“大体上，基本上”，符合句意。in detail“详细地”；in order“就绪，妥当”；in place“准备就绪”。9(2014安徽省芜湖三校一模)With a tough job market, many
20、students hope to find jobs which they have been trained _ is little.Aon BforCby Dof解析：选B句意：面对严峻的就业形势，许多学生想从事他们被培训过的工作的希望很渺茫。该句主语的中心词是hope，句中定语从句“which they have been trained _”修饰jobs，分析语境可知，此处用介词for表目的。10(2014福建龙岩三校模拟)Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the fact that we shouldnt devel
21、op economy _ the environment.Aat the expense of Bin the face ofCin spite of Don account of解析：选A句意：现在越来越多的人意识到我们不应该以牺牲环境作为代价来发展经济这一事实。at the expense of“在牺牲(或损害)的情况下”，符合句意。in the face of“面对”；in spite of“尽管”；on account of“由于，因为”。.完成句子1The doctor advised her to eat more bean products in_place_of_meat (代
22、替肉) which might be harmful to her heart.2(2014四川六校高三联考)When she was in trouble, I did what I could to help her.In_return_for_my_help (回报我的帮助), she wrote me a letter of thanks.3(2014江苏宿豫中学模拟)How did she lose so much weight as expected?In_addition_to_eating_less (除少吃之外), she jogged for several miles every day.4(2014 浙江六校联考)The lady has won the position in the end because she has_the_advantage_over_others (比其他人有优势) of knowing many languages.5(2014山东青岛一模)Nowadays more people are advised to arrange for insurance in_case (以防) they need medical care.