1、第二版块语篇版块 专题四 阅读理解 真题回访 A(2017全国卷A)(广告类)San Francisco Fire Engine ToursSan_Francisco_Winery_TourRunning：February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine
2、 San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price)Departing from the Cannery：Tour times upon requestDuration(时长)：2 hoursPrice：$90Back to the Fifties TourRunning：August 16th through August 31 stThis tour transports you back in time to one of SanFranciscos most fantastic periods，the 1950s!Enjoy fu
3、n history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery：5：00 pm and 7：30 pmDuration：2 hoursPrice：$90Spooky Halloween TourRunning：October 10th through October 31stJoin us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.Authentic fire gear(服装)is prov
4、ided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.Departing from the Cannery：6：30 pm and 8：30 pmDuration：1 hour and 30 minutesPrice：Available upon requestHoliday Lights TourRunning：December 6th through December 23rdThis attractive tour takes you t
5、o some of San Franciscos most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from the Cannery：7：00 pm and 9：00 pmDuration：1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国旧金山的四条旅游路线。21Which of the tours is a
6、vailable in March?ASan Francisco Winery Tour.BBack to the Fifties Tour.CSpooky Halloween Tour.DHoliday Lights Tour.解析：题干问的是三月份可参加的旅行，而第一个项目 San Francisco Winery Tour 的时间是从 2 月 1 日到 4 月 30 日。答案：A22What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour?AGo to Treasure Island.BEnjoy the holiday scenes.CHave
7、free ice cream.DVisit the Presidio district.解析：第二个项目 Back to the Fifties Tour 中提到在 San Francisco 你能免费品尝冰淇淋。而其他选项在这个旅行中没有被提到。答案：C23What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?ATake some drinks.BSet off early in the morning.CWear warm clothes.DMake reservations in advance.解析：第四个项目 Ho
8、liday Lights Tour 的最后一句话提到“Advance reservations required”，由此可知，该旅行需要提前预订。答案：DB(2017全国卷B)(故事类)I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of ButchCassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well know
9、n as Paul he stood up for me.I dont know how many people would have done that;they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Stingfour years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age differe
10、nce，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an und
11、erlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心)of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success,you should put something backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the
12、 institute and the festival.Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago.Hed been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didnt ta
13、lk about it.Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位名演员 Paul Newman 之间的友谊。24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?APaul Newman wanted it.BThe studio powers didnt like his agent.CHe wasnt famous enough.DThe director recommended
14、someone else.解析：由第一段“When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me”可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与 Paul 一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。答案：C25Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?AThey were of the same age.BThey worked in the same theater.CThey w
15、ere both good actors.DThey had similar characteristics.解析：根据文章第二段中的“We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors”可知，作者与 Paul 之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。答案：D26.What does the un
16、derlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?ATheir belief.BTheir care for children.CTheir success.DTheir support for each other.解析：该题要求考生具有一定的句法分析能力，能从一个长难句中找出关键词，并根据上下文信息判断出代词的指代内容。根据第三段中的“We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back”可知，下文的内容是对 th
17、e belief 的解释，that 引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief 的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。答案：A27.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo show his love of films.BTo remember a friend.CTo introduce a new movie.DTo share his acting experience.解析：根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”以及最后一段中的“
18、I last saw him a few months ago”可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友。答案：BC(2017全国卷D)(说明文类)When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesnt sit quietly.Back in 1983，two scientists，Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can
19、 get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds，VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.Its a plants way of
20、 crying out.But is anyone listening?Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive，the_tabl
21、es_are_turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors.The damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbors，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.D
22、oes this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists dont know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches，and so，in effect，was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry.So information was exchanged，but it wasnt a true
23、，intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin，over 150 years ago，imagined a world far busier，noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.Theres a whole lot going on.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物受到袭击时会释放出某种化学物质来保护自己并“告知”附近的植物。32What does a plant do when it is under att
24、ack?AIt makes noises.BIt gets help from other plants.CIt stands quietly.DIt sends out certain chemicals.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“.reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and
25、 seem to be an alarm.”可知，植物受到伤害时会散发出一种特殊的气味，而这种特殊的气味就是某些化学物质，故选 D 项。A、B 两项无中生有，文章并没有提及制造声响和从其他植物那儿获取帮助的信息；C 项曲解文意，第一段中的“.it doesnt sit quietly.”不等于“It stands quietly.”。答案：D33What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?AThe attackers get attacked.BThe insects gather under the ta
26、ble.CThe plants get ready to fight back.DThe perfumes attract natural enemies.解析：句意猜测题。根据第三段中的“They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.(它们散发出气味意在吸引不同的昆虫，这些昆虫是袭击者的天敌)”，以及画线部分后的“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.(正在吃午餐的袭击者现在就变
27、成了午餐)”可知，画线部分的意思是袭击者受到了它的天敌的袭击，故选 A 项。B、C 两项无中生有，文中未提及 B 项“昆虫聚集在桌子下”、C 项“植物们准备还击”；D 项“气味吸引了天敌”，文中确实提到此事，但它提到的是吸引了袭击者的天敌。答案：A34Scientists find from their studies that plants can _.Apredict natural disastersBprotect themselves against insectsCtalk to one another intentionallyDhelp their neighbors when
28、 necessary解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.”和“They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.”可知，植物能保护自己免受昆虫的伤害，故选 B 项。A 项无中生有，文中并未提及 A 项“预测自然灾害”；C 项曲解文意，根据第五段最后一句可知，“植物不是在彼此故意交谈”；D 项中的 when necessary与文
29、意不符。答案：B35What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe world is changing faster than ever.BPeople have stronger senses than before.CThe world is more complex than it seems.DPeople in Darwins time were more imaginative.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，达尔文设想了一个远比现实世界更繁忙、更喧嚣和更亲密的世界，而我们的感官却非常弱，我们还有很长的路要走。由此可知，世界似乎比它
30、看上去的样子更复杂，故选 C 项。A 项无中生有，最后一段并没有提及世界变化快慢的信息；B 项颠倒是非，最后一段说人们的感官很弱，而 B 项“人们有比以前更强的感官”，两者正好相反；D 项偷换概念，文章只是说“达尔文设想”，并没有说达尔文时期的人们想象力更加丰富。答案：CD(2016全国卷B)(议论文)Grandparents Answer a CallAs a third-generation native of Brownsville，Texas，Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son
31、asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children，she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separ
32、ate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obamas motherinlaw，Marian Robinson，has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help
33、 care for her granddaughters.According to a study by ,83 percent of the people said Mrs Robinsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from ho
34、me far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，”says Christine Crosby，publisher of Grand，a magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them，especially when youre raising children.”Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandp
35、arent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices，but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard，especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you know may be harder.语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。
36、主要论述了祖父母接到后代与他们同住的邀请后该如何做出选择。25Why was Garzas move a success?AIt strengthened her family ties.BIt improved her living conditions.CIt enabled her to make more friends.DIt helped her know more new places.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的.giving them a closer relationship.可知，Garza 搬去和晚辈同住后，他们的关系更亲密了，这与 A 项的表述“这加强了她的家庭关
37、系”相吻合，故选 A 项。B、C、D 三项表述的内容在文中未提及。答案：A26What was the reaction of the public to Mrs Robinsons decision?A17%expressed their support for it.BFew people responded sympathetically.C83%believed it had a bad influence.DThe majority thought it was a trend.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的.83 percent of the people said Mrs Ro
38、binsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family.可知，83%的人认为 Mrs Robinson 的决定将影响美国家庭的祖父母，但没说这有不好的影响，故排除 C 项；由此句也可判断出，17%的人对她的决定是持反对意见或是保持中立态度，而不是支持，故排除 A 项；根据第二段中的 Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.可知，三分之二的人认为更多的家庭将效仿奥巴马的家庭，由此可知它将成为一种趋势，故选 D
39、项，同时排除 B 项。答案：D27What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?AThey were unsure of themselves.BThey were eager to raise more children.CThey wanted to live away from their parents.DThey had little respect for their grandparents.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句 In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt ge
40、t away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.可知，在 20 世纪 60 年代，人们都有点儿狂野，急于“远走高飞”来证明自己的能力，这与 C 项的表述“他们想远离父母生活”相吻合，故选 C 项。A、B、D 三项表述的内容在文中未提及。答案：C28What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?AMake decisions in the best interests of their own.
41、BAsk their children to pay more visits to them.CSacrifice for their struggling children.DGet to know themselves better.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 Moving is not for everyone.以及 it is wiser to say no and visit frequently 可知，作者建议老年人从自己的利益出发，做出选择，A 项的表述与此相吻合。根据 visit frequently 可知，文中指的是祖父母常去看看晚辈，而不是 B 项的“让他们的孩子多
42、多探望他们”，故 B 项表述有误；文中虽然有 is willing to make sacrifices 和 your adult child is struggling，但并不是要让祖父母为晚辈做出牺牲，故 C 项错误；D 项在文中未提及。答案：A阅读理解怎么考 阅读理解 4 类文体，6 项能力阅读理解题主要考查学生对不同体裁及不同题材中语言材料的理解能力，以及考查学生对阅读材料中捕获信息的能力。因此，阅读理解题除要求学生有扎实的英语知识、良好的阅读习惯外，根据题型的不同，找到恰当的解题方法，也是提高阅读理解解题能力必不可少的一个方面。阅读理解 4 类文体阅读理解 6 项能力1.记叙文这类文
43、章的阅读相对容易，在此类文章中我们应重点抓住六大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事情的起因、经过和结果。另外，在这类体裁的文章中试题类型多以细节理解题为主，相对来说得分比较容易。2说明文这类文章的数量在高考中呈现递增趋势，针对此类文章，我们应该把握好它的层次结构(一般都是总分总的模式)，这有利于对文章的理解。题目以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，难度较大。(参见下页)1.理解主旨要义。2理解文中具体信息。3根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义。4作出简单判断和推理。5理解文章的基本结构。6理解作者的意图、观点和态度。续表3议论文这是高考中常考的体裁，内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。在这类体裁的
44、文章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实作出合理的推断。4应用文这类文章主要涉及通知、广告等。此类文章的设题比较简单，主要考查考生快速阅读和捕捉关键信息的能力，题目以细节理解题为主。同上阅读理解命制规律全国卷阅读理解每篇大约 35 道题目，命题组的命制水平除了鲜明地体现在四大题型(细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题)的题干上之外，最主要的还是体现在选项的设置上。总结选项的命制规律，可以发现：读主题读题目读全文做题目这种方法是先看懂各段首句或短文第一段，大致明了文章的主题，再看题干和选项的大致设置，最后带着问题通读全文。优点是能够明了主题，迅速进入状态；缺点是步骤繁琐过于耗时，而且有的文章尤其是段落很多的文章并非开门见山直入主题。况且现在高考阅读呈现出多段落化的发展趋势，八段十段屡见不鲜，传统的三段式短文已经越来越少。阅读理解怎么考 根据文章的不同体裁，确定命制题目高考英语阅读理解题大致可以归纳为四类：细节理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题以及词义猜测题。但每篇阅读理解所设计的题目类型又与文章的体裁特点有关，文章的体裁不同，命制题目的侧重点就不同。谢谢观看！
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