1、考点二代词和介词考向研究近几年高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上，因此这类试题一般较为简单。语法填空侧重对替代词it的用法的考查；而短文改错对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词、反身代词、形容词性物主代词和代词的格等用法上。高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。语法填空对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对考生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求；短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及介词的多余、缺失或误用，其中固定搭配中介词的误用是考查的重点。技法点击1人称代词第三人称的主格(he，she，it，they)与宾格(him，her，it，them)常指代前文或后文
2、出现的人或物。当提示词为人称代词的主格时需考虑是否变为宾格。2形容词性物主代词(my，your，his，her，its，our，their)在句中作定语，常表示物体的所属；而名词性物主代词(mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs)在句子可以作主语、宾语和表语，但不可以作定语。3反身代词(myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves)表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者，可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。4不定代词的用法(1)both，either，neither都强调两者，
3、可作主语、宾语和定语。neither表示“两者都不”；either表示“两者中任何一个”；both表示“两者都”。(2)all和none都强调三者或三者以上，all表示“全部都”，而none表示“全部都不”。(3)another表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个，再一个”；the other意为“(两者中的)另一个”；other意为“其余的，另外的”；others泛指其余的人或物。5替代词that，those，one，ones(1)that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，表特指，其复数形式为those。(2)one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，表泛指，其复数形式为ones
4、。特别提醒：1若文中出现代词，它所代替的词一定存在于前文或后文的某处，要注意它们的前后一致性。2当主语和宾语是同一人或同一物时，宾语常用反身代词。过关检测.单句语法填空1A child should be receiving either meat or eggs daily，preferably both.(2018江苏扬州中学检测)解析句意为：孩子应该每日食用肉类或蛋类，最好两种都吃。根据语境判断是“两者都”，故填both。2We may like to think of ourselves(we) more important than others，but our happiness
5、sometimes lies in the happiness of other people.解析句意为：我们可能认为我们自己比别人更重要。该空作think of的宾语，且表示“我们自己”，故该空应填反身代词ourselves。3There is still a copy of the book in the library.Will you go and borrow (1)it?No，Id rather buy (2)one in the bookstore.(2018北京101中学一模)解析it特指上文提到过的具体的某物；one指上文提到过的同类事物中的一个，是泛指。(1)指的是图书馆
6、的那本书，指的是同一本书，故用it；(2)指的是去书店买一本和那本一样的书。4Equipped with modern facilities，todays hospitals are quite different from those of the past.解析用those指代上文中出现的复数名词hospitals，故填those。5In Zhangjiajie area，Huanglongdong and Longwangdong are caves known for many natural rock formations and their(they) underground ca
7、taracts(急流)(2018内蒙古包头一模)解析根据后面的名词cataracts可知，这里用they的形容词性物主代词their。.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)6With more practice，I found doing better and better.7Looking back，I feel I would not be able to ride a bike if I had lost my heart.8The weather was much hotter than in my hometown，but I got used to it and felt at home
8、.(2018内蒙古包头一模)9As to the lessons to be missed，I wonder if it is possible for them to be recorded so that I can listen to later.(2018山东德州一模)10We human beings have different festivals and many countries have own animal festivals to respect different animals.(2018湖南衡阳一模)技法点击1it可作形式主语或形式宾语，用来指代不定式、动名词或从
9、句，而把真正的主语或宾语后置。2it常用于一些固定搭配中：make it成功，赶上；take it easy别紧张；I cant help it我没有办法；when it comes to.当谈到；it is no wonder that.难怪等。3表示“喜欢，恨”等心理方面的动词后面跟从句时，要先接it再接从句，这类动词有：like，love，enjoy，hate，appreciate等。4介词后不跟that从句(少数介词除外)，需要先接it再接that从句。过关检测单句语法填空1And yet，in todays world，it is often easy to forget that
10、family and friends are actually basics.(2018山东聊城一模)解析句中不定式短语to forget.作真正的主语，用it作形式主语，故填it。2All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work.解析句中不定式to go on with the work作真正的宾语，空格处为形式宾语，故填it。3I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.解析动词hate后跟从句时，先接it再
11、接从句。4When it comes to making a longterm change，fun is fundamental.(2018内蒙古呼和浩特一模)解析when it comes to.固定搭配，意为“当谈到时”。5You may rely on it that he will come on time.解析介词后不直接跟that从句，需要先用it作形式宾语再接that从句。技法点击1介词在固定搭配中的考查主要有以下几种情况：(1)介词与名词的搭配by chance/accident偶然；on business因公出差；on average平均；in charge掌管；in pl
12、ace适当的；at a lower price以更低的价格；at the same time同时(2)介词与形容词的搭配be curious about对好奇；be popular with受欢迎；be absent from缺席；be concerned about担心(3)介词与动词的搭配care about介意，在乎；exchange.for.把换成；laugh at嘲笑；go back to追溯到；focus on集中2注意以下几点：(1)by后可接交通工具类名词，名词前不用冠词。(2)against可表示“反对”“以为背景”“倚靠着”等意。(3)with可表示“随着”，注意和连词as
13、的区别。(4)“of名词”相当于形容词的用法。(5)“降低/增加了”用介词by；“降低/增加到”用介词to。过关检测.单句语法填空1As one major city along the ancient Silk Road，Lanzhou has witnessed the efforts of our ancestors and their achievement of developing the Silk Road.(2018内蒙古包头包钢一中一模)解析由句意“作为丝绸之路上的主要城市”可知，设空处表示“作为”，故填As。2It has been home to a highlyskil
14、led，highlyspecialized garment industry.(2018甘肃一模)解析句意为：它已经成为一个高技术、高度专业化的服装产业基地。be home to意为“的基地”，故填to。3On Aug 1,2017，Beijing introduced a new tourism regulation to improve the operation and management of minsu.(2018辽宁大连一模)解析表示“在2017年8月1日”，用On。注意句首首字母大写。4Drinking green tea reduces the risk of some ty
15、pes of cancer in Chinese men and women by nearly sixty percent.(2018河南中原名校二模)解析句意为：喝绿茶使中国男性和女性患病的几率降低了60%。表示“降低了”用by。5Shared bicycles are bringing cycling back to peoples lives and they are making public transport more attractive.(2018山西高三考前训练)解析句意为：共享单车正在把自行车运动带回人们的生活。bring.back to.“让重新回到”是固定搭配，故填t
16、o。.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)6Success lies in the ability to continue efforts in spite failures.7But Li Ming stood outside of the classroom，crying silently.8While a mobile phone can help us get some relief， it we can be more devoted to our studies.9.，after the speeches，some students even donated their pocket m
17、oney and clothes.(2018山东聊城一模)10With the deepest gratitude，I write you this letter to express my thanks the great efforts you have made to help me go on with my studies.单句语法填空1The Mona Lisa is a picture of a woman with a mysterious smile.解析一位面带神秘微笑的女士。表示“带着”，用with。2Star skater Wu Dajing won Chinas fi
18、rst gold medal at the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games by breaking the world record in short track mens 500m.(2018北京石景山一模)解析句意为：明星滑冰选手武大婧在2018平昌冬季奥运会赢得中国第一枚金牌，打破了男子500米短道速滑的世界纪录。by doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“凭借/通过做某事”，根据句意可知填by。3A web user even commented，“I only needed seven seconds to fall in love wit
19、h this young man.”(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模)解析表示“爱上某人”用fall in love with sb.。故填in。4Franklin is still regarded as the loftiest(崇高的) man by the common people today after his death.(2018贵州贵阳一模)解析regard.as.把当作，此处指富兰克林死后人们仍把他当作最崇高的人。故填as。5Kids who use media in unhealthy ways may have problems with/in relationships，
20、conduct and other emotional symptoms，lead author of a US new study warned.(2018山东德州一模)解析此处表示在人际关系、行为和其他情感症状方面有问题。指“在方面”用介词with/in。6Sometimes it seems to bother the teacher that all the students are being too quiet.(2018北京朝阳区一模改编)解析句意为：有时候，所有的学生都太安静似乎也会让老师苦恼。此处it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。7“To be honest，it w
21、as hard to imagine it was ever a desert at all，” he says.(2018山东泰安一模)解析句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为to imagine it was ever a desert at all。8I would appreciate it if you could come to the scene in person.解析appreciate后先接it再接从句。9It is being repaired for transportation and safety purposes.(2018山西六校联考)解析句意为：为了运输和安全的目
22、的，它正在被修理。表示“为了”，填for。10Consequently，telegrams，letters and telephone calls from all over the country poured in.(2018陕西宝鸡二模)解析句意为：因此，来自全国的电报、信件和电话蜂拥而来。表示“来自”用from。11Mulans characteristics，such as courage，kindness and a disinterested attitude towards fame and fortune，made her(she) one of the most respe
23、cted historical Chinese heroines.(2018广东深圳一模)解析此处作make的宾语，应用she的宾格形式，故填her。12The meal itself was not so goodeverything was boringly brown including the vegetables.(2018北京朝阳区一模)解析句意为：这顿饭本身就不太好吃所有的东西都是清一色令人倒胃口的褐色，包括蔬菜。故填everything。13They say most people need seven to nine hours of sleep each night.Les
24、s than that can influence both/their mental and physical abilities.(2018新疆一模)解析第二句句意为：少于那些时间可能既会影响(他们的)精神能力又会影响身体能力。both.and.“两者都；既又”。根据语境，故填both/their。14In a Weibo post，he thanked netizens for their(they) love and praise.(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模)解析此处指代netizens修饰名词“love and praise”，应用形容词性物主代词，指“他们的爱和表扬”，故填the
25、ir。15The company and the effect it brought about did great good to our business in the market.(2018江苏泰州二模)解析句中的it代指the company，it brought about为定语从句，先行词the effect作brought about的宾语，故后省略了关系词which或that。句意为：这家公司及其所带来的影响对我们的市场业务有很大的好处。.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)16I feel energetic because it is clean and fresh sprin
26、g.(2018内蒙古包头包钢一中一模)17Stockholm is also working with Fortum，an energy company，to take advantage a citywide heating system，using waste heat from supermarkets and stadiums to supply heat for homes.(2018安徽六校联考)18Id like to invite you dinner in a Chinese restaurant in Los Angeles.19I had no idea how to r
27、eact her sudden death.(2018山西六校联考)20So we have to be friendly them and get along harmoniously with them.(2018湖南衡阳一模)21My brother helped me holding the back seat of the bike while I was riding.(2018山东枣庄模拟)22Most of these apps allow users to take a photo of schoolwork and the correct answers will just
28、 appear on their smartphones.(2018广东六校联盟联考)23Ted watched with great interest and asked the artist to show how to use the brush pen.(2018甘肃一模)24In conclusion，you should try your best to build a harmonious dormitory life for college life.(2018新疆一模)25It will be about what everyone can do something to h
29、elp the environment.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐二诊)26I only remember how I practiced riding a bike in early years.(2018山东枣庄模拟)27Helping other people makes happy.(2018赣州一模)28. is a good thing that the ride lasted for only 15 minutes.(2018东三省三校联考)29They also consider a must for us to get relaxed from our busy studies.(2018山西考前适应性训练)30Im looking forward to that youll get your share.