1、选修八Unit 1A land of diversity晨背三部曲（话题：个人情况）满分佳作(2013安徽高考)假设你校英语社团举办以“讲求文明，从我做起”为主题的征文活动，请你以“On the Way to School”为题，写一篇英语短文。内容主要包括：1遵守交通法规；2注意举止文明。On the Way to SchoolThese days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment. Changing this sit
2、uation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone. As for me, it should start on my way to school.I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way. If I ride a bike, Ill always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. If I walk, Ill never forget to use the
3、 pedestrian crossing. Meanwhile, I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy. Not only will I keep from littering or spitting anywhere, but I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behaviour will make a difference.热身体验句式仿写1These days, break
4、ing traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment.The fire lasted a whole night, causing_great_damage (造成了巨大损失)2ot only will I keep from littering or spitting anywhere, but I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.She always sings wh
5、ile_doing_her_work (当她工作时).词海拾贝 基础记忆1means n手段；方法2boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期3customs n. 海关；关税；进口税4occur vi. 发生；出现5indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示6luggage n. 行李7slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤n. 滑动；滑倒8hire vt.& n. 租用；雇用9nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无10reform vt.& vi. 改革；革新n. 改革；改造；改良11grasp vt.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会12distinct adj.
6、清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction n差别；区分；卓著13majority n大多数；大半minority n少数14elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人election n选举15applicant n申请人apply vi.申请application n申请书；申请16apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地语境记忆17. Apparently,_she took no notice of the apparent mistakes in the accident.(apparent)18All the app
7、licants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th.(apply)篇章记忆Apparently, in such big cities as Beijing a high percentage of their population are from different cities, and even different nationalities and races.The majority are not natives
8、, so their social culture is a mixture.短语互译 1.继续存在；继续生存live_on2用方法；借助 by_means_of_.3习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 make_a_life4坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) keep_up5背靠背 back_to_back6team up with 与合作或一起工作7mark out 画线；标出界线8take in 包括；吸收9a great/good many 许多；很多10apply for 申请；请示得到.句型一览 1.what引导宾语从句Exactly when the first people arriv
9、ed in what_we_now_know_as_California (我们现在称作加利福尼亚的地方), no one really knows.2It is likely that . 很可能However, it_is_likely_that (很可能) Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.3why引导的表语从句，表示“的原因”That_is_why (那就是为什么) today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a
10、 first or second language.4It isbelieved/reportedthat .据信/据报道It_is_believed_that (人们认为) before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.语法自测名词性从句完成句子1Could you tell me where_it_was_t
11、hat you found the missing boy？(it)你能告诉我你究竟是在哪里找到的那个丢失的男孩？2Decades of reform and openingup has made our motherland what_she/it_is now.(what)几十年的改革开放使得我们祖国发展成为现在的样子了。3That_he_was_caught_stealing/His_being_caught_stealing in the street made his mother very angry.(catch)他被抓住在街上偷东西令他妈妈很生气。4The progress o
12、f the work will depend on what_the_weather_conditions_are_like_and_how_modern_the_equipment_is.(be)这项工作的进展情况将取决于天气条件和设备的现代化程度。5What some teenagers do not realize is_how_difficult_life_can/will_be after they get addicted to drugs.(be)一些青少年没有意识到的是吸毒成瘾后生活是多么的艰难。1.means n手段；方法by this means用这种方法by means
13、of 通过；用；借助于by no means 决不；一点也不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)by all means 务必；不惜一切代价；(用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题You cant take any means of transportation more than once.(2012湖北阅读B)对于任何一种交通方式你都不能够乘坐第二次。She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。【关键一点】means意为“方式，方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/se
14、veral/many means等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。【对点练习】.用所给动词的适当形式填空They tried all means, which possibly are (be) helpful, but unfortunately not a means has (have) worked so far.根据英汉提示完成小片段他对工作一点也不满意，他要求我们不惜一切代价完成这项任务。By_no_means was he satisfied with the job and he asked us to f
15、inish the task by_all_means.2.majority n大多数；大半(1)the/a majority of大多数by/with a majority 以多数；大半be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数have a majority over sb. 获得多于某人的(2) minority n. 少数in the minority 占少数The majority of citizens consider an ordinary job boring or even valueless.(2013广东写作)大部分市民认为普通的工作无聊甚至是无价值。O
16、nly a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the/a majority.在那个城市只有少数人没有汽车，但是乘坐地铁上班的人却占了大多数。【关键一点】the/a majority of名词作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。【对点练习】用所给动词的适当形式填空The majority of people find (find) it quite hard to liv
17、e on the money they earn.The majority were/was (be) on the Englands team, but it greatly disappointed them.3.occur vi.发生；出现Were there no cleaners, an inevitable deterioration in environment would occur.(2013广东写作)要是没有清洁工人，环境恶化就会不可避免地发生。(1)sth.occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事It occurs to sb.that . 某人突然想起It occu
18、rs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事(2)occurrence n. 发生；出现；(偶然)事件It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.我从未想到过你能说服他改变想法。【联想发散】表达“某人突然想起”的句型还有：主语句型事物或ites to sb.; sth.hits/strikes sb.；It strikes/hits sb. that .人es up with sth.; sb.hits/strikes on sth.【对点练习】对比填空It
19、 me that I had not handed in my paper.4.indicate vt.指出，标示；指明，表明；暗示(1)indicate sth.to sb.向某人指出某物indicate that . 示意；表明as .indicate 正如所示(2)indication n. 指示；象征；预示There is some/no indication that . 有/无迹象表明I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite to me.我问他我妹妹在哪里时，他指了指对面的商店。Resear
20、ch indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.研究表明，男人比女人更容易戒烟。【对点练习】完成句子Just_as_the_story_indicates,_“Where there is life, there is hope.” (indicate)正如这个故事所暗示的：留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。There_is_some_indication_that the hurricane was over. (be)有迹象表明飓风已经结束。5.apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地（1）As is ap
21、parently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above . 正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样(2)apparent adj. 显然的；显而易见的It is apparent that . 显然 ( apparently)It is apparent from sth. that . 从某物上很明显地看出It is apparent to sb. that . 某人明白It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldnt sing.很快大家都明白他不会唱歌。It was app
22、arent from his words that he was unsatisfied with the result.从他的言语中可以明显地看出他对这个结果不满意。【对点练习】.完成句子As_is_apparently_shown_in_the_chart_above,_there are about 10% of the students supporting the idea.(show)正如上面图表中明确显示的那样，大约10%的学生支持这种观点。.一句多译显然他陷入了沉思。1Apparently,_he was lost in thought.2It_is_apparent_that
23、 he was lost in thought.6.take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留I managed to rent a big enough house to take in a handful of people.(2013江苏完形)我设法租了一个足够大的房子以收容一些人。take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功take on 呈现；雇用take over 接收；接管；取代take up 占去；占据；开始；从事My writing career took off when I discovered my own style.找到自己的写作风格后，我的写作事业开始有起色了。
24、In the past few years, the village has taken on a new look.在过去的几年中，这个村庄呈现出了新面貌。【对点练习】写出下列句中take in的含义This is the total cost of the holiday, taking everything in.包括Dont be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.欺骗I found it easy to take in what the teacher had taught.理解【真题印证】(
25、2011陕西高考)Some insects _ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. Atake in Btake off Ctake on Dtake out 解析：选C考查动词短语辨析。句意：有些昆虫为了自我保护会呈现出周围环境的颜色。take on“呈现”，符合句意。take in“吸收，欺骗”；take off“脱衣，起飞，成功”；take out“掏出，取出”，均不合句意。elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人elect to do . 选择或决定做elect sb.(to be/as) . 选举某人为t
26、eam up with 与合作或一起工作team spirit 合作精神；团队精神teamwork n. 协同工作；配合mark out 画线；标出界线a great/good many 很多；许多a great/good many用于修饰可数名词，其后名词前有限定词时，常用a great/good many of .【对点练习】选词填空He_was_elected_(to_be/as) the new Prime Minister.When doing my reading, I often mark_out what I regard as important in a book.I te
27、amed_up_with Tom to do the work according to the assignment.A_great/good_many_of his books are said to have been translated into many foreign language.We have a_great/good_many things to do at present.1.That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.这就是今天有超过40
28、%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。【句型透视】(1)That is why .“这就是为什么”(why从句表示结果)。We all have the urge to possess something that has aesthetic(美学的) value, and that is why we treasure paintings or fine furniture.(2013陕西阅读第二节)我们渴望拥有具有美学价值的东西，这就是为什么我们把绘画或者精美的家具当成宝贝。(2)Thats because .“这是因为” (because从句表示原因)。The boss s
29、colded him.That was because he made the same mistake again.老板责骂了他，那是因为他又犯了同样的错误。(3)The reason why . is/was that .“的原因是”(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)。The reason why the students favor the first one is that they can carry it with them wherever they go.学生们喜欢第一个的原因是他们无论去哪都可以随身携带(它)。【对点练习】对比填空He came late; t
30、hat is because it was raining hard.It was raining hard; that is why he came late.The reason why he came late is that it was raining hard.2.It_is_believed_that_before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of
31、 many races and cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。【句型透视】(1) It is believed that .“人们认为”。在该句型中， it是形式主语，that 引导主语从句。It is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.人们普遍认为信息技术既有优点又有缺点。(2)类似结构还有：Its said that .据说Its reported that . 据报道Its hop
32、ed that . 大家希望Its thought that . 大家认为It is hoped that the cost of medical care can be cut down.人们希望医疗费用能够降低。【关键一点】以上结构除了Its hoped that .“大家希望”外，其他表达可以改为sb./sth.is said/thought/believed/reported to do sth.，不定式根据情况有时态和语态的变化。【对点练习】句型转换It is believed that education is the most important issue facing the
33、 government.Education is believed to be the most important issue facing the government.It is reported that the way people spend their holidays has changed a great deal in the past ten years.The way people spend their holidays is reported to have changed a great deal in the past ten years.I单词拼写1The m
34、ost popular means (方法) of transportation are bikes and buses.2Professor White is looked upon as an authority (权威) on mathematics.3There are several distinct (明显的) differences between a house and home.4In the winter vacation, I went nowhere (无处), and just stayed at home.5A strong man will bear hardsh
35、ip (苦难) without complaining.6We have only a small percentage (百分率) of foreign books.7He made a lot of money during the property boom (繁荣)8A new law has been brought in to discourage racial (种族的) prejudice.9Nobody noticed the thief slip (溜进) into the house because the lights happened to go out.10He w
36、as_apparently (明显地) unconcerned by his failure to gain a university place.选选词填空apply for, the majority of, a good many of, make a new life, believed, team up, elect to, occur to1The_majority_of our class had decided to visit the Great Wall by means of bicycling on Sunday.2On the way we_teamed_up to
37、carry our luggage.3At the entrance we elected Tom to buy tickets.4There are a_good_many_of valuable collections in the Palace Museum.5It is believed that nowhere in the world can impress us so deeply as the Palace Museum.6That was why I applied_for the job at that time.7It occurred_to us that the Pa
38、lace Museum was more appealing.8I dont need anything. I have a trade, so I can make_a_new_life.根根据汉语提示，选用练习II中的句子，加入适当过渡词后联句成篇1我们班的大多数同学原打算骑自行车去参观长城。2我们忽然想到故宫博物馆更吸引人。3在路上我们相互合作携带行李。4在入口处，我们推选汤姆去买票。5正如它的宣传册上明确表明的那样，在故宫博物馆中有许多有价值的收藏品。6大家认为世界上没有任何一个地方能像故宫博物馆那样给我们留下如此深刻的印象。The majority of our class had
39、decided to visit the Great Wall by means of bicycling on Sunday.It occurred to us that the Palace Museum was more appealing.On the way we teamed up to carry our luggage and at the entrance we elected Tom to buy tickets. Just as is apparently indicated in their brochure, there are a good many of valu
40、able collections.It is believed that nowhere in the world can impress us so deeply as the Palace Museum.多项选择多项选择1 The research results _ that when children wake during a deep sleep, they are often not clearminded.Asuppose BcontrolCindicate Dimprove解析：选C句意：这些研究结果表明，当儿童在深度睡眠中醒来时，他们的头脑通常不清醒。indicate “表
41、明；暗示”，符合句意。suppose “猜想”； control “控制”； improve “提高；改进”。2Why are you so late, Tom?I was on the half way when it _ to me that I had left my notebook at home, so I had to fetch it.Aoccurred BhitChappened Dreminded解析：选Awhen it occurs/occurred to sb. that . “这时某人突然想到”。hit为及物动词，其后不接介词to；happen“发生”；remind“
42、提醒”。3(2014福建四地六校联考)Both Class 3 and our class wont be able to finish the work unless we _ each other.Ateam up with Bcome up withCput up with Dcatch up with解析：选Ateam up with“与合作”；come up with“提出”；put up with“忍受”；catch up with“追上；赶上”。4In my opinion, it is not so helpful to give someone some bread as i
43、t is important to teach him how to _.Amake sense Bmake progressCmake a life Dmake his way解析：选Cmake a life “习惯于新的生活方式、工作等”，符合题意。make sense “讲得通；明白”； make progress “取得进步”； make ones way “向前”。5(2014襄阳高三调研)I didnt mean to tell you his name; it was a _ of my tongue at that time.Afault BcoincidenceCdilemm
44、a Dslip解析：选D句意：我没打算告诉你他的名字；我当时是口误。a slip of my tongue“口误”，符合句意。fault“过失；过错”；coincidence“巧合”；dilemma“(进退两难的)困境；窘境”。6Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the _ of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.Amaximum BminorityCmajority Dminimum解析：选C考查
45、名词词义辨析。句意：当然，大多数移民并没有一夜之间就发财，但是他们大多最终改善了自己的生活水平。maximum“最大限量；最高点”；minority“少数；半数以下”；majority“大多数”；minimum“最低限度；最低点”。故选C。7I didnt have a good year last year. It seems like every time I started to play well, I got injured. _ I can stay healthy and play well this year.AEagerly BHopefullyCGradually DImm
46、ediately解析：选B考查副词词义辨析。句意：去年我过得不顺，似乎每次我开始要好好比赛时，我都受了伤。希望今年我能够健健康康，好好比赛。根据句意可知，应选B项。8The boy, _， did not come from a family that was well off: the elbows of his jacket were patched and his boots were badly worn.Agenerally BadequatelyCpersonally Dapparently解析：选D考查副词辨析。句意：很明显，这个男孩不是来自富裕家庭：他的夹克的肘部打了补丁，他的
47、靴子也穿得很破。apparently“明显地”。 generally“一般地；大体的”；adequately“足够的”；personally“个人地；亲自地”。9Ive talked a lot about walking. I want to say it is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form of exercise, and _ its environmentally friendly.Aall in all Bin conclusionCin other words Din addition解析：选D句意：关于步行我已经谈了很多。我想说的是：它是一种省钱
48、、安全而又令人愉快的锻炼方式。另外，它很环保。in addition“此外”，符合题意。all in all“总之”；in conclusion“总之”；in other words“换言之”。10(2014黄冈调考)Through the efforts of the countries concerned, the South China Sea can, _， be a sea of peace, cooperation and friendship.Aunder no circumstance Bin all directionsCby all means Dat no time解析：
49、选C句意：在有关国家的努力下，中国南海务必要成为和平之海，合作之海，友谊之海。under no circumstance“绝不”；in all directions“向四面八方”；by all means“无论如何；务必”；at no time“在任何时候都不”。.完成句完成句子1Having_been_scolded for opposing the suggestion, she kept silent for the rest of the meeting.(scold)因反对提议而遭到了斥责，她在之后的会议中沉默不语。2It_makes_no_difference_to_you whe
50、ther I like it or not, because you never listen to me.(difference)我喜不喜欢对你来说没什么差别，因为你从来就不听我的。3What_impressed_me_most was that the factory has very strict rules.(impress)给我印象最深的是这家工厂有非常严格的规定。4If you hadnt_teased_him before so many people yesterday, Jack wouldnt have been angry with you.(tease)如果你昨天没有当
51、着那么多人的面取笑他，杰克是不会生你的气的。5Nowhere else in the city can_you_hire_a_more_comfortable_and_cheaper_house than in this district.(hire)这座城市没有其他地方像这个地区一样能让你租到这么舒适且便宜的房子。6So dark_was_it that I couldnt see the faces of people only three meters away.(dark)天太黑，三米之外的人的面孔我都看不清。7Mike told me it was through the Inter
52、net that_he_had_applied_for_the_job which he had been longing for.(apply)Mike告诉我他是在网上申请到那份他盼望已久的工作的。8He worked very hard at his lessons, but it_never/didnt_occur_to_me_that he had failed in the exam.(occur)他非常用功，但我没有想到他考试不及格。9The book, which_is_believed_to_be of great value, dates back to 1345 BC.(b
53、elieve)这本书要追溯到公元前1345年，人们认为它很有价值。10Some soldiers didnt survive the war, the_majority_of_whom_died as a result of diseases and hunger.(majority)一些士兵没有从战争中幸存下来，他们大部分是死于疾病和饥饿。.完完形填空曰形填空At a gathering, we were all telling stories of our most embarrassing moments. It came around to Frank.Frank began to t
54、ell us of his childhood. “I _1_ in San Pedro. My dad was a fisherman, and he loved the sea. He had his own boat, but it was _2_ making a living on the sea. He worked hard and would stay out until he caught enough to _3_ the family.”He looked at us and said, “I _4_ you could have met my dad. He was a
55、 big man, and he was strong from pulling the nets and fighting the seas for his _5_. When you got close to him, he _6_ like the ocean. He would wear his old coat and his overalls. No matter how much my mother_7_ them, they would still smell of the sea and of fish.”Franks voice dropped a bit. “When t
56、he weather was bad, he would _8_ me to school. He had this old truck that was older than he was. _9_ he drove toward the school, I would shirk down into the seat hoping to disappear. He would _10_ right in front of the school gate, and it seemed like everybody _11_ be standing around and watching. T
57、hen he would _12_ over and give me a big kiss on the cheek and tell me to be a good boy. It was so _13_ for me. I was twelve years old, and my dad would lean over and kiss me goodbye！”He _14_ and then went on, “I remember the day when I said No.”“It was the first time Ihadevertalkedtohimthat _15_， a
58、nd he had a surprised look on his face.I said, Dad, Im too _16_ for a goodbye kiss.My dad looked at me for the longest time, and his eyes started to tear up. I had never seen him _17_. He turned and looked out of the windshield (挡风玻璃). Youre right， he said. You are a big boy . a man. I wont kiss you
59、 any more.”Frank got a sad look on his face, and the tears began to _18_ in his eyes, as he spoke. “It wasnt long after that when my dad went to sea and never came back.”Tears were running down Franks cheeks. He spoke again. “Guys, you dont know what I would _19_ to have my dad give me just one more
60、 kiss on the cheek to feel his rough old face, to smell the ocean on him, and to feel his arm around my neck. I wish I had been a man then.If I had been a _20_， I would never have told my dad I was too old for a goodbye kiss.”1. Akept upBgrew upCcame up Dstarted up解析：选B根据上下文可知，此处表示“我”在San Pedro长大(gr
61、ew up)。2. Ahard BabsurdCeasy Dnecessary解析：选A下文说父亲努力工作，直到捕捉到足够多的鱼才回家，因此这里表示在海上谋生很难(hard)。3. Aremove BreachCfeed Durge解析：选C父亲出海捕鱼是为了养家，因此选C，表示“养活”。4. Aprefer BrequestCsuggest Dwish解析：选D下文说到父亲再也没有回来，因此选D，用虚拟语气表示“希望你们能见到他”。5. Acatch BfavoriteCbenefit Dglory解析：选A这里用名词catch表示“捕鱼量”。6. Asounded BlookedCsmel
62、led Dfelt解析：选C父亲长年在海上捕鱼，因此你走近他的时候能闻到他身上大海的气息。smell like表示“闻起来像”，符合语境。7空后的“smell of the sea”是线索提示。7. Aprocessed BwashedChandled Dmanaged解析：选B不管母亲怎么洗(washed)父亲穿的衣服，它们总是有一股大海和鱼的气味。8. Adrive BlimitCadapt Ddevote解析：选A天气不好的时候，父亲就会开车(drive)送“我”去学校。9空后的“drove toward”是线索提示。9. ABefore BAfterCSince DAs解析：选D当他开
63、往学校的时候，“我”就蜷缩在座位上，希望外面的人看不到“我”。as引导时间状语从句表示“当的时候”。10. Aback up Bpick upCpull up Dspeed up解析：选C父亲把车直接开到学校大门前才停下来。这里用pull up表示“停下”。11. Acould BwouldCshould Dmight解析：选B这里用would表示经常性、习惯性的动作。这个时候，似乎所有的学生都站在旁边看“我”。12. Alean BholdCrun Dwatch解析：选A这里表示“父亲总是俯下身子和我吻别”。lean“屈身”，符合语境。13. Afrightening Bchallengin
64、gCembarrassing Dentertaining解析：选C“我”本来就不想有人看到“我”坐父亲的卡车来上学，而父亲却当众吻“我”，这让“我”很难堪。embarrassing“使人难堪的”，符合语境。14. Ayawned BpausedCtwisted Dswung解析：选B讲到这里，弗兰克很难受，于是停顿(paused)片刻，再继续往下讲。15. Aday BtimeCaspect Dway解析：选D这是“我”第一次那样对父亲说话。way表示“方式，方法”，符合语境。16. Aold BdelightedCanxious Dproud解析：选A“我”对父亲说，“我”已经长大了，不想让
65、他再跟“我”吻别，因此选A。17. Asigh BroarCcry Dyell解析：选C“我”从来没有见过他哭(cry)。前面的“his eyes started to tear up”是线索提示。18. Abreak down Bhold backCwell up Dstart off解析：选C这里用well up表示眼泪夺眶而出。19. Ademand BgiveCrush Dinfer解析：选B只要能让父亲再吻“我”一次，“我”什么都愿意给予。因此选B。20. Aboy BseamanCbackbone Dman解析：选D从语境的连贯性判断应选D。如果当时“我”已长大成人，“我”就不会对
66、父亲说那样的话。前面的“I wish I had been a man then.”是线索提示。.阅读理解So heres the bad news for the 5.3 million New York City workers who depend on the subways to get from place to place: The entire system all 1,050 km and 468 stations of it is shut down, much of it flooded with corrosive (腐蚀性的) salt water. The Metr
67、opolitan Transit Authority (MTA) freely admits it has never faced anything like the severe damage from Hurricane Sandy, and has absolutely no idea when the system will be up and running. “Well know it after everything is done，” says MTA spokesman Charles Seaton. But the good news is well, never mind
68、. There isnt any. Really, its that bad, and if theres no telling when things will be repaired, therere even fewer ways of knowing what the eventual price tag will be. Yes, there are lessons to be learned from the current emergency for both New York itself and urban planners everywhere; the question
69、is whether theyll be heeded. New Yorks woes (难题) are partly a function. New Yorks subway system is 108 years old. Its tunnels and stations are located close to or under rivers and harbors, and water seepage (渗水) is unavoidable. “We have three pump trains, 300 pump rooms and dozens of portable pumps
70、around the system，” says Seaton. “Even on a day when theres no rain, we pump out 13 million gallons of water.” Hurricane Sandy, of course, put a lot more stress on the system than an ordinary rainless day. Flood water in lower Manhattan rose to 4.2 m, beating the record of 3 m set by Hurricane Donna
71、 in 1960. Much of Manhattan below 40th St. is without electricity. No subway system will ever be truly immune to weather events. This is especially so in great cities like New York, whose very greatness in part depends on their nearness to rivers, harbors and other bodies of water.But spending money
72、 on the citys basic transport system is perfectly possible, and indeed essential. That kind of preventive investment always seems too expensive at first, but only until youre suddenly faced with the much higher repair bills New York is dealing with today. And as oceans continue to warm and sea level
73、s continue to rise, the problem is only getting worse. In the past 20 years, Hurricanes Andrew, Floyd, Katrina, Rita, Dean, Irene, Isaac and others have tried to remind us of that simple truth. Now Hurricane Sandy is adding her voice. One of these days, we might actually listen.1What can we infer fr
74、om Paragraph 1?AThe subway system may start running soon.BThe whole subway system is flooded with corrosive salt water.CIt is difficult to repair the New York subway system.DThe MTA doesnt know how to clean the subway system.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) .Charles Seaton
75、.”可知，纽约交通运输管理局也不知道地铁何时能恢复运营。Seaton的言外之意是，他不知道地铁系统何时恢复正常，由此可推断，地铁系统的修复工作难度很大。C项正确。2Before Hurricane Sandy, New Yorks subway has long been troubled by _.Acorrosive salt water Bwater seepageCold pumps Dpoor power systems解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段内容，尤其是Seaton在第二段中所说的话可知，即使是没有雨的天气，纽约地铁里也会抽出很多渗出的水。因此可知，纽约地铁长期被渗水问题困
76、扰。B项正确。3In the last paragraph, which is mentioned as a threat to New Yorks subway system?AClimate change. BThe technical problem.CNearness to rivers. DThe high running cost.解析：选A细节理解题。从最后一段中的倒数第三句“And as oceans continue to warm .only getting worse.”可知，气候的变化对纽约地铁系统造成了威胁。4To solve the problem caused by weather events, the author suggests _.Achanging the subways locationBbuilding a new power systemCmaking preventive investmentDrepairing the pumping system解析：选C细节理解题。由最后一段中的“That kind of preventive investment .with today.”可知，作者建议有关部门进行预防性投资，以便地铁系统能够应对灾难性天气。