1、专题三 阅读理解第二讲 词义猜测题题型 1 猜测单词类示例(2016全国卷，B)Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind a
2、t work.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染)other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare，“But Im just no
3、t creative.”27 What does the underlined word“downside”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?AMistake.BDrawback.CDifficulty.DBurden.解题思路第一步 阅读文章，在画线词前后找出相关信息词_第二步 对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项尝试解答 _Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thi
4、nking.B 答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)The underlined word.probably means_(2)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word.?2“文中信息”巧利用(1)同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用 or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely 等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。(2)因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。(3)前后对比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定的
5、对比背景，并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。(4)语境理解法。生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。(5)基本构词法。根据前缀、后缀、合成及词性转换猜测词义。题型 2 猜测短语类示例(2017全国卷，D)To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the wa
6、ter catchers productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole.Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weig
7、hting the sheets center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体)with 45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no more than three inches above,the cup.33What does the underlined phrase“the water catcher”in paragraph 2 refer to?AThe tube.BThe
8、 still.CThe hole.DThe cup.解题思路第一步 速读文章，在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。_第二步 对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项尝试解答 _To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.B 答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)The underlined phrase.could be replaced by_(2)What does the underlined phrase.refer to?2“语境分
9、析”猜短语短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的题型，即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断。首先注意分析短语的意思，然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于问题的解决。3明晰干扰选项特征短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况：(1)短语的字面意思；(2)文中出现的与猜测无关的内容；(3)命题人凭空杜撰的内容。题型 3 猜测指代类示例(2017全国卷，C)Despite the celebrations,though,in the US.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed t
10、o connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that.As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz,Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,make the music more accessible,and preserve its history and culture.29What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?AJa
11、zz becoming more accessible.BThe production of jazz growing faster.CJazz being less popular with the young.DThe jazz audience becoming larger.解题思路第一步 通读全文，找出代词所在语句_第二步 试找出该代词所代替的词语此处 change that 可知 that 代指上文 the music has failed to connect with younger generations。尝试解答 _Its Jason Morans job to help
12、change that.C 答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)What does the underlined word“this/it/them.”refer to?(2)The underlined part“it/that/they.”(in Para.)refers to_2“就近原则”判指代此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one，which 等)或代动词(do，does，did 等)究竟指代什么。具体方法：(1)返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this.)。(2)向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)
13、。(3)将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。题型 4 猜测句意类示例(2017浙江卷，A)The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long,the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cats lot was about to improv
14、e.That year,one of Benjamins cousins,Mr.Pennington,came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamins drawings.When he went home,he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever se
15、en.In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.22What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?AThe cat would be
16、 closely watched.BThe cat would get some medical care.CBenjamin would leave his home shortly.DBenjamin would have real brushes soon.解题思路第一步 速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子_Before long,the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱)When he went home,he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.第二步 对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案由上一段为了
17、制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”，接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。尝试解答 _D 答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)Which of the following best explains the underlined part.?(2)What is the implied meaning of the underlined sentence above?(3)What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Para.?2“意义吻合”定句意句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进
18、行解释性的描述。(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句意理解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。(2)一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达。状元技法顺藤摸瓜猜测词义类题目1做此类题目，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，通过构词法、语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义，“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解，然后“上下取证”看自己的判断是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。2重视并列或转折关系。常见的几种逻辑关系词：but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/or else/unlike/instead/rather than/by contrast/compared to/on the contrary/on the other hand/either.or.3重视理解说明部分。常见的几种定义或同位关系词：to be defined as/to be called/to mean/to refer to/that is(to say)/in other words/namely本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放
