1、专题三 阅读理解第一讲 细节理解题题型 1 直接信息理解类示例(2017全国卷，A)Pacific Science Center GuideVisit Pacific Science Centers StoreDont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located(位于)upstairs in Building 3 r
2、ight next to the Laser Dome.21Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?AIn Building 1.BIn Building 3.CAt the Laser Dome.DAt the Denny Way entrance.解题思路第一步 确定题干中的关键词本题信息句是：_第二步 根据关键词定位信息句本题信息句是：_尝试解答 _to pick up a wonderful science activity orsouvenir to remember your visit.The store is
3、 located(位于)upstairs in Building 3Where；souvenir；Pacific Science CenterB答题技巧1识别题干关键特殊疑问句形式表达：以 when,where,what,which,who,how等疑问词开头引出问题。2“定位比对”判细节(1)从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，题干中的人名、地名、大写字母、时间、数字等都是命题首选的关键词，有利于迅速、准确地定位信息句。(2)以关键词为线索，运用略读、跳读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关。(3)仔细推敲，认真比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在
4、准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。题型 2 间接信息理解类示例(2017浙江卷，B)How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.Babies need a lot of rest;most of them sleep about 18 hours a day!Adults need about eight hours.For most schoolage children,ten hours is ideal(理想的).But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35%
5、of 10 to 12yearolds get only seven or eight hours.And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime?Watch TV.26How many hours of sleep do 11yearolds need every day?A7 hours.B8 hours.C10 hours.D18 hours.解题思路第一步 确定题干中的关键词本题信息句是：_第二步 根据关键词定位信息句本题的信息句是：_第三步 对比信息句和选项，得出答案根据信息句可知
6、，对于上学年龄的孩子来说，睡眠十个小时是最理想的。11yearolds 属于 schoolage children。尝试解答 _How many;11yearoldsFor most schoolage children,ten hours is ideal(理想的)C答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)According to the author/passage.(2)The reason.，is that.(3)From.，we can learn.(4)Researchers have found that.2“同义互释”定选项间接理解题答案选项的表述通常不是使用文章的原话，而是使用与文中同义
7、或近义的词语来表达。考生需对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进一步推理鉴别，也可运用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项提前排除。3搞清正确选项特征(1)关键词替换：对原句的关键词进行同义替换；(2)词性或语态变化：对原句中关键词进行词性变化或对原句进行主被动变化；(3)语言简化：把原文中的复杂语言进行简化；(4)正话反说：把原文中的意思反过来表达。题型 3 数字计算类示例(2015四川卷，C)Across Britain，burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughte
8、rs rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers.But，according to a new study，we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work.Now，the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labour
9、s，they would earn as much as 172，000 a year.The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do，as well as the hours they are working，to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income 30，000 more than the Prime Minister earns.38How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minis
10、ter?A30，000.B142，000.C172，000.D202，000.解题思路第一步 确定题干中的关键词本题信息句是：_第二步 根据关键词定位信息句本题的信息句是：_尝试解答 _Now,the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours,they would earn as much as 172，000 a year.mother;the Prime MinisterThis would make their yearly income 30，000 more than the Prime
11、 Minister earns.B答题技巧1识别题干关键特 殊 疑 问 句 形 式 表 达：以 when,in which year,how many/much 等疑问词开头引出问题。2“列表推算”得数据此类问题解决的关键是要弄清各数据之间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法。(1)先阅读题干，然后带着题干中的关键词去读文章。在阅读过程中，对数字、时间、年代等词进行标记，以便读完文章后进行相应的计算。(2)简单的数据可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基础，进行简单的运算。(3)数据较多的文章，通常采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基
12、础。题型 4 正误判断类示例(2016四川卷，D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good nights sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin(褪黑激素),which
13、 has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study,by researchers from Seoul,South Korea,involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk,which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin,were less activ
14、e and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime,according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on huma
15、ns up to now,taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content,which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugar free and additive free with nutri
16、tionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime,the greater burden you will put on your body at night.33Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?AIts been tested on mice for ten times.BIt c
17、an make people more energetic.CIt exists in milk in great amount.DIts used in sleeping drugs.解题思路第一步 根据关键词找出相关信息句A：_B：_C：_D：_Those given night milk,which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin,were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime.Researchers hav
18、e discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin(褪黑激素),which has been proven to helppeoplefeel sleepyandreduceanxiety.Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin.taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.第二步 对比选项与信息句，逐项击破A 项与信
19、息句毫无关联；B 项与信息句意思相反；C 项范围扩大化；D 项与信息句符合。尝试解答 _D 答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)Which of the following is TRUE/WRONG according to the passage?(2)Which of the following is NOT true according to.?2“去伪存真”辨是非(1)速览题目所提供的四个选项。(2)若各选项围绕同一内容展开，则要注意找出各选项之间的差别，再带着问题去原文中核实文章的实际内容。(3)若各个选项陈述的内容不一致，则要根据题干或选项中提供的线索回读原文，逐个找到相关句，最后确定答案。(4)表达“绝对化”的选项一般不是正确答案。状元技法“火眼金睛”识别干扰项 解答细节理解题1扩缩范围：通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息中的范围、程序等加以扩大或缩小，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误的。2无中生有：干扰项与所阅读的文章内容没有任何联系。3偷梁换柱：干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的单词，但句意已发生改变。4张冠李戴：把文中两个不同的概念、人物或观点进行错位拼接。本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放