1、专题十二构词法名词后缀1动词变名词的后缀后缀例词ion/tion/ sion/ationcorrectcorrection改正celebratecelebration 庆祝；庆祝会concludeconclusion 结论；结束discussdiscussion 讨论；辩论decidedecision 决定admitadmission 接纳；准许入学attractattraction 吸引inviteinvitation 邀请；请柬explainexplanation 解释graduategraduation 毕业expectexpectation 期望；期待er/ordrivedriver
2、司机；驾驶员gathergatherer 收集者；采集者conductconductor 指挥；售票员teachteacher 老师announceannouncer 播音员mentpunishpunishment 惩罚achieveachievement 功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据treattreatment 对待；治疗equipequipment 装备；设备governgovernment 政府ance/enceappearappearance出现；外貌guideguidance 指引；指导performperformance 表演；节目existexistence
3、存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning 开头；开端ure/turefailfailure失败；没做到presspressure 压力mixmixture 混合；混合物departdeparture 离开；出发yrecoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他choosechoice选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋势growgrowth 生长；增加2形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshorta
4、ge不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency 效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密domfreefreedom 自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧encedifferentdifference差异silentsilence 沉默nessweakweakness 虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意thstrongstrength 力气；强项warmwarmth 温暖；热情ytyityhonesthonesty 诚实diffi
5、cultdifficulty 困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility 责任 单句语法填空/单句改错(2017全国卷)This development was only possible with the_ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.解析：introduction根据空格前面的定冠词the可知此处需要填名词。with the introduction of表示“随着的引进”。(2017全国卷)She i
6、s determined to carry on with her _(educate)解析： education空格前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education。(2017江苏高考改编)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative _ (explain) are hard to find.解析：explanations设空处在此处作句子的主语，要用其名词形式。根据第二句的谓语动词are可知此处要用
7、名词的复数形式。(2016全国卷) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _ (attract)解析： attraction跟在形容词性物主代词its后面，应用attract的名词形式，top为形容词，修饰中心词attraction。(2015全国卷) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwel
8、lings admirable is their_(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.解析： ability空格前面是形容词性物主代词their，其后面需要用名词。(2013全国卷)This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.解析：growgrowth此处grow要作介词for的宾语，应用其名词形式growth。形容词、副词后缀1.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomforta
9、ble 舒适的fashionfashionable 时髦的suitsuitable 合适的reasonreasonable 有道理的almusicmusical 音乐的originoriginal 最初的personpersonal 个人的；私人的centercentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的edscarescared感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的underline
10、underlined 下划线的ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊异的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的ibleaccessaccessible 容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的iveactactive 积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的ouscontinuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautionc
11、autious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的ytastetasty 美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的erneasteastern 东方的；向东的ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的2形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加ly clearclearly清楚地slowslowly缓慢地改y为ilyha
12、ppyhappily高兴地easyeasily容易地去e加lytruetruly真诚地；确实possiblepossibly可能地 .单句语法填空(2017全国卷) However, be_ (care) not to go to extremes.解析：careful此处表示“小心不要走极端”。根据语境和be可知此处应用形容词careful作表语。(2017全国卷) It is _(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.解析：certainly此处应该使用副词形式作状语，修饰“fun”。(2017江苏高考改编)Only five
13、years after Steve Jobs death, smartphones defeated _ (convention) PCs in sales.解析：conventional句意：仅仅在史蒂夫乔布斯去世五年后，智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。由空格后的名词“PCs”可知，应填形容词形式conventional，表示“传统的”。(2016全国卷) The title will be _ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.解析：officially此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我，根据句子结构
14、可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。(2016全国卷)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _ (regular)解析：regularly此处需要用副词形式修饰动词短语“take short breaks”。(2015全国卷)As_ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to ma
15、ke the cycle work on most days.解析：natural此处需要用形容词形式作定语修饰后面的名词architects。(2014全国卷) While there are_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.解析：amazing括号中的提示词amaze构成的形容词amazing常修饰事物，而amazed
16、常用来修饰人。根据此空后的名词stories，可知应该用amazing。(2014大纲卷改编)Raymonds parents wanted him to have the _ (good) possible education.解析：best句意：雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。题干中的possible可与形容词的最高级连用表示强调，意为“最的”，故答案为best。.单句改错(2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.解析：suddenlysudden此处需用形容
17、词修饰后面的名词stop，表示“突然的停止”。(2017全国卷)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.解析：differencedifferent此处应该使用形容词different作定语修饰kinds，意为“不同的”。(2016全国卷) Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.解析：steadysteadily谓语动词grow在此处是实义动
18、词，并非连系动词，意为“增长，增强”，此处应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grow。grow steadily意为“稳定地增长”。(2016全国卷) At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.解析：freelyfree此处需用形容词free作表语。be free from them“摆脱他们”。(2015全国卷)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already becom
19、e a very seriously problem.解析： seriouslyserious此处应该使用形容词作定语修饰名词problem。(2015全国卷) Dad and I were terrible worried.解析：terribleterribly此处应用副词terribly修饰形容词worried。(2014全国卷)The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.解析： tastetasty本句中juicy和tasty都是形容词且与前面的small一起作系动词are的表语。(2014全国卷)We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!解析：wonderfullywonderful修饰后面的名词tomatoes，应该用形容词形式。