1、第一部分语法版块 第八讲 助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气语法填空解题技法面面观技巧一 揣摩情感，搞定情态动词1(2017北京卷)Samuel，the tallest boy in our class，_easily reach thebooks on the top shelf.解析：此处表示“班里最高的男孩塞缪尔可以很容易地够到书架顶部的书”，应填 can 能够；可以。答案：can2(2015四川卷改编)You_be careful with the camera.It costs!解析：句意为：你必须要小心使用相机。它很贵重！根据下文的 It costs！可知，此处是说话人对使用相机的人提出的
2、要求，must 意为“必须”，表示说话人主观上的要求，语气强烈。答案：must3(2016北京卷改编)I love the weekend，because I_ get up early onSaturdays and Sundays.解析：句意为：我喜欢周末，因为在周六周日我不必早起。根据句意可知填 need not，意为“不必”。答案：need not技巧二 寻找标志，敲定虚拟语气4 (2015 江 苏 卷 单 项 填 空)It might have saved me some trouble ifI_(know)the schedule.解析：句意为：如果我早知道这个计划表，可能会给我省
3、去一些麻烦。根据语境和主句中的 might have saved 可推知，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，故 if引导的条件状语从句中谓语动词用 had done 结构，故填 had known。答案：had known5(2016北京卷)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week？Ifyou_(tell)me，I could have helped.解析：根据句意和相关信息判断，条件句表示与过去事实相反的假设，此时从句用过去完成时，主句谓语用“情态动词have done”形式。答案：had told6(2016浙江卷)_(have)the
4、governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.解析：这是一个省略了从属连词 if 的虚拟语气句，使用了倒装句式。根据主句的 would not have fallen 可知，这里是表示对过去的虚拟，故填 Had。答案：Had7(2015天津卷)I wish I_(be)at my sisters wedding last Tuesday，but Iwas on a business trip in New Y
5、ork then.解析：wish 引导的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反用 had done 形式表达。答案：had been短文改错设题角度类类通类型一 情态动词用法误用1(2016全国卷)Some classmates suggest that we can go to places of interestnearby.解析：句意为：有些同学建议我们去附近的名胜。suggest 作“建议”讲，后面的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，从句谓语的形式是“should动词原形”，should 可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。答案：canshould 或去掉 can2(2016全国卷)We can chose
6、between staying at home and taking a trip.解析：在情态动词 can 之后应用动词原形，故把 chose 改为 choose。答案：chosechoose3(2015全国卷)We must found ways to protect our environment.解析：情态动词后应用动词原形。答案：foundfind类型二 虚拟语气时态不一致4(2015四川卷改错)What do you think I should do？If you are me，would youtalk to them?解析：根据语境可知，此处 if 引导的虚拟条件句是对现在事
7、实的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词应用过去式。答案：arewere答题必备关键点考点一 巧记助动词典例感悟1(2017贵州适应性测试)What about Japanese？They dislike the lotusand_not give it as a gift to Japanese because they regard it as the mourningflower.解析：考查时态和主谓一致。结合语境可知，该句陈述的是一般常识，应用一般现在时，且主语为 they，故该空用助动词 do。答案：do2(2015浙江卷书面表达)Without hesitation，I decided
8、to follow them and wedid had lots of fun that day.解析：did 加强语气，后跟动词原形。答案：hadhave3She doesnt her homework in the morning but in the evening.解析：doesnt 为一般现在时的否定式后加动词原形。答案：doesnt 后加 do4This experience has been shown that traveling by train actually is the safest wayof making journeys.解析：show 和 this expe
9、rience 为主动关系，故去掉助动词 been。答案：去掉 been5My father has always go to work by bike since then.解析：由 since then 可知该句应用完成时，go 的过去分词为 gone。答案：gogone考向小结1助动词 do/does/did 主要帮助构成疑问句、否定句及部分倒装。助动词do/does/did 后只能跟动词原形，助动词不能用作实义动词。2助动词 be/being/been 主要帮助构成进行时、完成进行时和各种被动语态。需注意 be 虽然没有实际意义，但却是结构中不可缺少的。3助动词 have/has/had
10、 主要是帮助构成完成时态和完成进行时态。需注意其构成形式 have/has/had done 和 have/has/had been doing。助动词，用法怪；只当佐料不当菜。句型变换显身手；常与时态谈恋爱。have 完成 be 进行，will 将来三大块。加上各自过去式，总共构成六时态。否定疑问靠它们，过去 did，do 现在。一般现在和过去，没有助动也无碍。第三人单用 does，否定疑问照常变。考点二 情态动词基本用法要知晓典例感悟1(2017浙江宁波九校联考)So you_pay attention to sleeplessness.解析：根据语意可知，此处为给别人提出建议，所以填 m
11、ust/should，表示“务必/应当”。答案：must/should2 (2017 江 西 师 大 附 中 等 五 校 联 考)It has been accepted that all thestudents_put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with fluvirus.解析：在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示规定、制度，应用 shall。答案：shall3(2017浙江温州普通高中 8 月模拟考试)I rewired the house and lowered thelight switches so
12、 that Paul_reach things.解析：根据 so that 可知，此处表示结果，意为“这样保罗就能够够到了”，故填 could。答案：could考向小结1 can/could：表 示 能 力、请 求、可 能 性。相 关 的 特 殊 句 型 有：can not.too./enough 再怎么也不过分；cant help but do 不得不做The smallest good habits can make a big difference.最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。You cant be too careful while driving.你开车时越小心越好。2may/mi
13、ght：表示较小的可能性。相关句型或搭配：may/might as well do表示“还是好，最好”。If you forgot to turn it off when you went away，you might burn down the house.当你离开时如果忘记关掉它，你可能把整个房子都烧毁的。Since it is raining hard，you may as well stay here.既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。3must 表示非常肯定的推测；表示与说话人意愿相反或不耐烦等感情色彩，意为“偏要，非要不可”；mustnt 意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用 need
14、nt。表示“必须”。Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment.在教育和就业方面，男性和女性必须被平等对待。He thought that Joe must be dead，but he didnt want to leave immediately.他以为乔一定死了，但是他不想立刻就离开。Must you make so loud noise?你非得弄出这么大声吗？4shall 的用法：用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于 should。用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见
15、，肯定回答应用 must，否定回答应用 neednt 或 dont have to。I promised he shall geta present for his birthday.我许诺给他一件生日礼物。Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow?要我告诉布雷特明天放学以后直接过来吗？5should/ought to(1)表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。Why shouldnt we buy the lady a flower？It will make her feel better.为什么我们不
16、给那位女士买一朵花呢？这会让她感觉好一些。(2)should 表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.他竟然那样对你说话，真是令人惊讶。(3)should 和 ought to 表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。He ought to/should be here on timehe started early enough.他应该按时到这里了他很早就出发了。6“情态动词have done”的用法(1)must have done 一定做过了某事；表示对过去事情有把
17、握的推测。(2)could/can have done 本能做某事(而实际上未做)cant/couldnt have done(过去)不可能做过某事(3)may/might have done(过去)有可能做过某事(4)should/ought to have done本该做某事而没做(5)neednt have done本不必做某事(而实际上做了)The boy might have known the truth，but I am not quite sure.那个男孩(当时)也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定。(2016浙江卷)George cant have gone too far.Hi
18、s coffee is still warm.乔治一定没走远，他的咖啡仍旧热呢。考点三 熟记虚拟语气的三种句型公式典例感悟1(2017陕西检测一)I have often thought it would be a blessing if each humanbeing_(be)stricken blind and deaf for a few of days at some time during hisearly adult life.解析：考查虚拟语气。根据“would be”的提示可知，本处是一个 if 虚拟条件句，与现在事实相反，故用一般过去时。答案：were2 (2015 重 庆
19、卷)Withouthiswartimeexperiences，Hemingwaywouldnt_(write)his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.解析：句意为：如果没有战时的经历，海明威就不会写出他著名的小说永别了，武器。由句中的 Without 可知此处为含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用 would have done 结构。答案：have written3(2017天津七校联考)I was ill that day，or I _(take)part in the sportsmeet.解析：由句中 or 可知此处为含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反
20、的假设，故用 would have done 结构。答案：would have taken4I should not have laughed if I_(think)you were serious.解析：句意为：如果我(当时)认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了。主句中谓语动词使用 should not have laughed，表明与过去的事实相反，从句谓语动词应该使用 had done 形式。答案：had thought考向小结1虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的具体用法情况从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反 过 去 式(be 的 过 去 式 形 式 用were)would/could/shoul
21、d/might 动词原形与过去事实相反 过去完成式would/could/should/mighthavedone与将来事实相反were to doshould do过去式would/could/should/might 动词原形If my brother were here，everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿的话，一切都没问题了。If it should rain this afternoon，the basketball match would be put off.要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就会被推迟。John went to the hospi
22、tal alone.If he had told me about it，I would have gone with him.约翰自己一个人去的医院。要是他告诉我，我就陪他去了。特别注意在 if 引导的虚拟条件句中，条件句的谓语动词中含有 had，were，should 时，可以把 if 省略，把 had，were，should 提到句首，变为倒装句。Had you(If you had)come earlier，you would have caught the early bus.如果你早点来，就能赶上早班车了。Were I(If I were)twenty now，I would jo
23、in the army.如果我现在 20 岁，我就参军。2虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，被称为含蓄虚拟语气。常见的这类词或短语有：without (要是)没有 in case 一；以防but for要不是otherwise否则or否则We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call.要不是一个电话，我们不可能在一起待一分钟。考点四 虚拟语气其他情况需注意典例感悟1(2017湖北四地七校考试联盟高三第一次联考)It
24、 is high time thatyou_(consider)that if there were no stress in your life，you would achieve alittle.解析：在 It is high time that.句式中，从句用虚拟语气，即：谓语动词用过去式或 should动词原形。答案：considered/should consider2(2017湖北华大联盟高三 2 月质检)I suggest that the school organizes acooking-learning activity toteach students to prepar
25、e some delicious food.解析：句中动词 suggest 表建议，其后跟从句时，从句谓语动词用“should动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略。答案：organizesorganize3(2017浙江杭州地区七校模拟)When you phoned me,Iwas having ameeting;how I wish I _(answer)your call.解析：句意为：当你给我打电话的时候，我正在开会。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的电话。wish 后的从句中用虚拟语气，根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，所以谓语动词用 had done 形式。答案：had answere
26、d考向小结1wish 后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望，其谓语动词构成形式如下表：虚拟语气从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be 动词一般用 were)与过去事实相反had过去分词与将来事实相反would/could/might动词原形I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。I wish(that)I had met that film star yesterday.我多希望昨天见到了那个影星。2在表示要求、建议、命令等的动词后的宾语从句中，常用虚拟语气，从句谓
27、语动词用“(should)动词原形”。常见的此类动词有：一坚持：二命令：order，三建议：suggest，advise，propose，r四要求：require，request，demand，desire，urgeIt is strongly recommended that the machines(should)be checked every year.强烈建议将这些机器每年检查一次。3在 would rather 后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语也常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be 动词一般用 were)与将来事实相反与过去事实相反had过去分词I would r
28、ather they didnt hear of the news.我宁愿他们没有听到这个消息。I would rather I hadnt told him the bad news.我宁愿我没有告诉他那个坏消息。4在 Its important/strange/natural/necessary.that.句型中，that 所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。It is necessary that he(should)sort out the information for my reference.他有必要整理些信息供我参考。5当表示建议、
29、提议、命令、要求等的名词作主语时，其表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。常见的这类名词有：advice 建议 decision 决定 demand 要求desire渴望idea想法order命令proposal提议request要求recommendation建议suggestion建议We followed his advice that we(should)ask our teacher for help.我们接受了我们应该向老师求助的他的建议。6even if/though，as if/though 等引导的让步状语从句、方式状语从句和目的状语从句中。引导词从
30、句谓语动词结构even if/though与 if 引导的条件从句结构相同as if/though发生在主句动作之前had done与主句动作同时发生过去时(be 用 were)发生在主句动作之后would/could/might/should动词原形She looks as if nothing had happened to her.她看起来好像什么事都没发生似的。7It is(high/about)time(that).sb.did/should do sth.It is high time that you set/should set aside some time to think about your future.该到你留出一些时间思考未来生活了。课堂巩固训练 点击进入WORD链接谢谢观看！
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