1、第一部分语法版块 第五讲 辨成分分清定语从句语法填空解题技法面面观技巧一 寻找先行词，辨别人与物1(2017全国卷)But Sarah,_has taken part inshows along with topmodels,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指人，故用 who。答案：whothe world,is in New York at the moment.解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作 work 的定语，故用whose。答案：whose3(20
2、17北京卷)The little problems_we meet in our daily lives may beinspirations for great inventions.解析：所填词引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，先行词为 The littleproblems，因此用 that 或 which。答案：that/which技巧二 判断所缺成分，选择关系词4(2017浙江 6 月)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably gotswept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was s
3、pread over the garden，_itremained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长)through it.解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作状语，先行词是表示地点的 the garden，故填 where。答案：where5(2016全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,_I was the first Western TV reporter.解析：先行词 the
4、 mid-1980s 在定语从句中作时间状语，故应用 when 引导。答案：when6(2016全国卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_lived from roughly 551 to 479 B C.，influenced the development ofchopsticks.解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指人，所以填 who。答案：who技巧三 识别特殊句式，分清限制与非限制7(2017全国卷)Like anything，it is possible to have too m
5、uch of both，_is not good for the health.解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指代前面的句子，故用 which。答案：which8(2016浙江卷单项填空)Scientists have advanced many theories about whyhuman beings cry tears，none of_has been proved.解析：句意为：就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论，但没有一项理论得到过证明。先行词为 theories，将先行词代入定语从句后为：None of thetheories has been pro
6、ved.，由此可见先行词(指“物”)在定语从句中作介词 of 的宾语，且介词 of 已被提前，故答案为 which。答案：which9 (2016 江 苏 卷 单 项 填 空)Many young people，most of_werewell-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.解析：句意为：很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。先行词为 young people，指人，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Most of the young people were well-educated，
7、由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词 of 的宾语，故答案为 whom。答案：whom短文改错设题角度类类通类型一 限制与非限制混用1(2017全国卷)In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetablesin their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代 their garden，应用 which。答案：thatwhich2(全国卷)Having tea in the late afternoon
8、 provides a bridge between lunchand dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.解析：that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，which 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。答案：thatwhich类型二 人与物混用3(江西卷改编)Among the many dangers who sailors have to face，probably thegreatest of all is fog.解析：which/that 指代先行词 the many dangers，在定语从句中作 face
9、的宾语。答案：whowhich/that4(浙江卷改编)The children，all of which had played the whole day long，wereworn out.解析：该定语从句的先行词为 children，定语从句的引导词在从句中作介词of 的宾语，只能用 whom。答案：whichwhom类型三 成分辨别错误5(2017全国卷)Around me in the picture are the things they were veryimportant in my life at that time：car magazines and musical ins
10、truments.解析：分析句子结构可知，things 后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用 that 或 which。答案：theythat/which6(2016四川卷)The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.解析：先行词 dishes 在定语从句中作宾语，故应用 that 或 which 引导，也可省略关系代词。答案：whatthat/which 或去掉 what7(2015天津卷改编)The boss of the company is trying to create an easyatmosphere that his em
11、ployees enjoy their work.解析：分析从句可知，从句不缺主语、宾语，故应用关系副词，先行词是atmosphere，表抽象地点，故用 where。答案：thatwhere答题必备关键点考点一 句子结构细辨别典例感悟1(2017广东七校联合体第二次联考)This woman has set a good example to herson，_is a really lucky guy.解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 her son，故用 who。答案：who2(2017安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)Over the years，I ha
12、ve met someinteresting people.Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters，Joan andBernice，_way of talking about people inspired me.解析：考查定语从句。whose 引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作定语，先行词为 Joan and Bernice。答案：whose3(2017沈阳监测一)So we went inside a small shop，_I could clearlysee sand on the floor and bou
13、ght some food.I was happy that the sandstorm stoppedafterwards and we finally returned to our factory，safely.解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 shop，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导该定语从句。答案：where4(2017湖北武汉高三 2 月调考)At noon，we play Room Escape，an interestinggame what challenged our IQ and teamwork.解析：句中先行词是
14、game，引导词代替先行词并在句中作主语，故用 that或 which。答案：whatthat/which5(2017重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)There are many people think thatwealth is better than health.解析：考查定语从句或现在分词。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为 many people，故用 who 引导该定语从句；因 many people 和 think 为主动关系，故也可以用现在分词 thinking 作 many people 的后置定语。答案：think 前面加 who 或 thinkthinking考向
15、小结1高考对定语从句的考查集中在对关系代词、关系副词的选用上，故分清句子结构，搞清定语从句部分缺少何种成分至关重要。(1)当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时，要想到分别采用 who(指人)/that(指人或物)/which(指物)，whom(指人)/whose(指人或物)。The person who called yesterday wants to buy the house.昨天打电话的人想买这套房子。The school shop，whose customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生
16、，放假时商店关门。She showed the visitors around the museumthat/which had been constructedthree years before.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。(2)当定语从句部分缺少时间状语、地点状语、原因状语时，要想到分别采用when，where，why。I still remember the day when/on which I first came to this school.我仍旧记得第一次来这个学校的那一天。A bank is the place where they lend you an
17、umbrella in fair weather and ask for itback when it begins to rain.银行是在天晴之时借伞给你，到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方。2注意以下几点(1)定语从句中用 that 不用 which 的情况：当先行词是 all，any，anything，everything，nothing 等不定代词或被它们修饰时；当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。当先行词被 the only，the very，the same，the last 等修饰时。当先行词既有人又有物时。I refusetoaccept the blame for somet
18、hing that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。They will never forget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of duringtheir long journey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。(2)判定定语从句部分关系词的“四步走”策略：首先找出先行词和定语从句，然后把先行词与定语从句组成一个句意完整、结构完整的句子(可增加介词)；接着分析组成的句子中先行词(包括加入的介词)在句中充当什么成分；最后依据关系代词或关系副词在
19、句中充当的成分填入合适的关系词。考点二 限制、非限制要分清典例感悟1(2017河南河北七所名校联考)The shelter，_is designed for thethousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkoks night market，has become an attractionitself.解析：考查定语从句。先行词是 The shelter，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用 which。答案：which2(2017湖南岳阳一中检测)The old man turned his business over to his you
20、ngerson，_made his elder son discouraged.解析：句意为：那些老人把生意交给了小儿子，这使他的大儿子很沮丧。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语，故填 which。答案：which3 (2017 厦 门 模 拟)The main street is lined with small stands andshops_sell almost anything you can imagine.解析：句意为：主街道两旁的小货摊和商店鳞次栉比，它们出售你能想象到的几乎任何东西。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为 smalls
21、tands and shops，指物，且在从句中作主语，故用 which 或 that 引导该定语从句。答案：which/that4(2017江西名校联盟 5 月检测)One day，Margaret told me her grandma wascoming and her parents would want my basement room back，what didnt surprise me.解析：分析句子结构可知，which 在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，且在从句中作主语。答案：whatwhich5(2017安徽师大附中测试)He thanked me and j
22、umped quickly in his car anddrove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.解析：考查定语从句。who 引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。答案：someone 后加 who考向小结1定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种，如果在先行词的后面出现逗号的，即为非限制性定语从句。(1)that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。(2)which 引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或者部分内容。Tom failed again in the match，which was a great p
23、ity.汤姆在比赛中又一次失利了，这是一个非常大的遗憾。2as/which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别as 和 which 都可引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句的内容。as 在句中的位置比较灵活，意为“正如，正像”；which 只能用在句中，意为“这，这一点”。The mother tried to persuade her son to give up smoking，which didnt help.母亲竭力说服儿子放弃吸烟，但没有效果。“You cant judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”
24、3在限制性定语从句中，充当宾语的 that/whom/which 不与介词直接连用时可省略，但在非限制性定语从句中，充当宾语的关系代词不能省略。考点三 介宾结构记心中典例感悟1 (2015 重 庆 卷 改 编)He wrote many childrens books，nearly halfof_were published in the 1990s.解析：此题的先行词是 childrens books，指物，因此关系词用 which。此处是“代词介词which”型的非限制性定语从句。答案：which2(2016浙江卷)The study suggests that the cultures
25、we grow up in influence thebasic processes by_we see the world around us.解析：这是一个定语从句，先行词为指物的 the basic processes，所以介词by 后面用 which。答案：which3(2017湖北八校第一次联考)Altogether I had five roommates，two of whicharrived later.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，应用 whom 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作介词 of 的宾语，修饰先行词 five roommates。答案：whichwhom考向
26、小结1介宾结构是解决定语从句问题的一大法宝，即介词后面需要跟名词(动名词)作宾语。(1)在定语从句中，充当宾语的为 that/which/whom，而 that 不能与介词直接连用，故介词后填写关系代词时，只可能为 which(指物)和 whom(指人)。(2)关系副词 when，where 在定语从句中，一般可改为“介词which”的情况。而 why 在定语从句中可替换为 for which。I saw some trees，the leaves of which were black with disease.我看到一些树，树叶由于疾病是黑色的。I still remember the factory in which/where I worked.我仍记得我工作过的那个工厂。2“名词of which”常代替“whose名词”在定语从句中作定语。He mentioned a book，the title of which(whose title)Ive forgotten.他提到了一本书，书的名字我已经忘了。课堂巩固训练 点击进入WORD链接谢谢观看！
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