1、第二板块阅读理解与阅读七选五专题一阅读理解高考总复习大二轮 英语 第二部分 题型应对探究第一讲 细节理解题整体感知明方向细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，但此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出答案。因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。细节理解题常分为直接信息题和间接信息题。所谓直接信息题就是可以在原文中直接找到答案的细节题，主要考查原文中的时间、地点、人物等信息。间接信息题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换，利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节
2、经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断，此类试题在高考中占大多数。1常见设问方式(1)特殊疑问句形式。以 when，where，what，which，who，how much/many 等疑问词引出的问题。(2)判断是非形式。含有 TRUE/FALSE，NOT true 或 EXCEPT 等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如 not，never等。(3)以“According to.”开头的提问形式。(4)填空形式。如 The biggest challenge for most mothers is from _.2正确选项特征(1)同义替换。指对原文句子中的关键词进行同
3、义替换。如把 lose ones job 换成了 be out of work。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把 important 变换成 of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。(2)信息归纳。用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。(3)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。3干扰选项特征张冠李戴是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容无中生有符合常识，但不是文章的内容曲解文意与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动颠倒是非在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反正误参半部分正确，部分错误分类例析通技法直接信
4、息题典例(2019全国卷阅读 A 节选)Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible：Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.22What is the
5、 age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A15-18.B15-24.C15-29.D16-17.解题示范第一步 定信息区间抓关键 题干中的关键词：Stewardship Youth Ranger Program锁信息定位：用 Stewardship Youth Ranger Program 寻读，在文中找到信息源Who is eligible：Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.第二步
6、比对定答案选项选项意思定位A15-18无中生有B15-24无中生有C15-29无中生有D16-17直接信息分析 选 D 比对选项和信息句可知，学生的年龄应该在16-17 岁。故选 D。间接信息题间接信息题“两步解题法”典例(全国卷阅读 D 节选)When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesnt sit quietly.Back in 1983，two scientists，Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send
7、out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds，VOCs for short.32What does a plant do when it is under attack?AIt
8、 makes noises.BIt gets help from other plants.CIt stands quietly.DIt sends out certain chemicals.解题示范第一步 审读题干抓关键，定位信息区间根据关键词的醒目性和唯一性原则，可以确定本题的关键词为plant 和 under attack。从而定位本题的信息区间为所节选段。第二步 选项与原文逐一比对，确定正确选项AIt makes noises.答案：D概括细节理解题概括、归纳信息是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应
9、依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。典例(2019全国卷阅读 C 节选)“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book.Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too of
10、ten works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.“Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.29Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?ATo meet with her coworkers.BTo catch up with her w
11、ork.CTo have some time on her own.DTo collect data for her report.解题示范第一步 定信息区间抓关键题干中的关键词：prefer to go out for lunch锁信息定位：用 prefer to go out for lunch 寻读，在文中找到信息源Today，I just wanted some time to myself.第二步 比对定答案选项选项意思原文意思定位A与她的工友见面有时与工友一块吃中午饭张冠李戴B追赶上她的工作在她桌旁吃午饭时工作张冠李戴C拥有自己的时间把时间留给自己信息归纳D为她的报告收集资料原文中
12、没有出现，也无法做出有效归纳无中生有分析 选 C 根据该段内容，尤其是最后一句中的“Today，I just wanted some time to myself”可知，Bechtel 喜欢独自外出吃饭因为她想拥有属于自己的时间。故选 C。正误判断题正误判断题是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目，说其繁琐，因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一句或某一段，而是分散在文章的各个角落，对于这类题目，考生要静下心来，看清范围，确定方向，找到每一个选项的对应信息后，谨慎排除，综合选优。典例(福建卷阅读 A 节选)Food festivals around the worldStilton Chees
13、e RollingMay Day is a traditional day for celebrations，but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans.Teams of four，dressed in avariety of strange and funny clothes，roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course.On the
14、 way，they must not kick or throw their cheese，or go into their competitors lane(赛道)Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos(disappointingly，but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones)All the competitors are served with beer
15、 or port wine，the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.Fiery Foods FestivalThe Hottest Festival on EarthEvery year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque，New Mexico.They come from as far away as Australia，the Caribbean and China，but they all share a common addictionfood tha
16、t is not just spicy(辛辣)，but hot enough to make your mouth burn，your head spin and your eyes water.Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March.You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepperofficially the hottest pepper in the w
17、orld or any one of the thousands of products that are on show.But one things for sureif you dont like the feeling of a burning tongue，this festival isnt for you!La TomatinaThe Worlds Biggest Food FightOn the last Wednesday of every August，the Spanish town of Bunol hosts La Tomatinathe worlds largest
18、 food fight.A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the weeks events.The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoesofficial fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.59Which of the following is TRUE according to the p
19、assage?AThe chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.BMore than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.CThousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.DAn exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomati
20、na.解题示范第一步 定信息区间选项选项关键词信息区间AThe chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition第一段第四句BMore than 10,000 Chinese第二段第一、二句CThousands of spicy foods are on show第二段倒数第二句DAn exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning第三段第二句第二步 逐一比对定答案选项选项意思原文意思定位AStilton 滚动奶酪比赛的主要奖品是啤酒或波尔图葡萄酒。奖品是 a complete Stilton cheese。张冠李戴B一万多名中国人参加 Fiery Food and BBQ Festival。参加者来自世界各地。曲解文意C在 Fiery Food and BBQ Festival 上，成千上万种辛辣食物被展出。展出了成千上万种食物。同义替换D在 La Tomatina 节日的开始，会举行一场激动人心的“西红柿大战”。“西红柿大战”发生在节日结尾而不是节日的开始。曲解文意答案 C
