1、推理判断题推理判断题要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。这类试题包括很多种，但主要考查推断隐含意义、推断目标、推断写作意图、推断观点态度等，其中重点是推断隐含意义。这类试题的题干中常含infer(推断)，learn about(知 道)，suggest(暗 示)，imply(暗 示)，conclude(推断)，indicate(暗示)等词语。解答这类题的一般步骤是：1定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。2字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。3深
2、层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。选择答案时，注意排除以下干扰项，以便缩小选择范围：1原文信息的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论。(考生易误选)2推理过度的片面结论。3与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论等。4符合考生已有常识，但文章中没有信息支持。(考生易误选)此外，可采用主旨推断法：在理解短文大意，明确文章主旨的基础上，进行推断，从而得出符合情理的结论。解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多步推理。考生解题时通常需要透过文字的表层意思，在全文的背景下理解文章的深层含义。同时要求考生不仅要读
3、懂所涉及内容的每个句子的意思，还要推断出它们之间的关系，再结合自己的生活常识和经验，通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层含义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时考生务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推断的依据，即已知部分推理的前提，从中推断出未知部分推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。【典例1】(2014湖南，C)体裁：说明文词数：349The behaviour of a buildings users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy
4、 use，according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre(UKERC)The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions(排放)by 80 percent by 2050，part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zerocarbon by 2016.But this report shows that sustainable building design on its ownthough extremely i
5、mportantis not enough to achieve such reductions：the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency(效 率)，whichinstead focus on architectur
6、al and technological developments.Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，explains Katy Janda，a UKERC senior researcher，consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.In other words，old habits die hard，even in the bestdesigned ecohome.Another par
7、t of the problem is information.Households and billpayers dont have the knowledge they need to change their energyusehabits.Without specific information，its hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices.Feedback(反馈)facilities，like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bri
8、dge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use；some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension(方 面)，suggesting that individuals
9、behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predictedwhether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(恒温器)，for example.Janda argues that education is the key.She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.【语篇导读】本文
10、是一篇科普说明文，讲到能源使用的问题，建筑物的使用者的行为至少和它的设计是一样的重要，文章通过列举研究发现的结论及相关研究者的评论，说明人们家庭对于能源的消费量直接影响我们的生活环境的质量。1As to energy use，the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of _.Azerocarbon homesBthe behaviour of building usersCsustainable building designDthe reduction of carbon emissions解析推理判断题。根据文章首句The b
11、ehaviour of a buildings users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use，可知英国能源研究中心的研究表明了人们行为举止对环境的重要性，故选B。答案 B 2The underlined word“which”in Paragraph 2 refers to“_.”Athe ways Btheir homesCdevelopments Dexisting efforts解析词义猜测题。该句是非限制性定语从句，which是引导词，其先行词是existing efforts，
12、故选D。答案 D 3What are Katy Jandas words mainly about?A The importance of changing building users habits.B The necessity of making a careful building design.CThe variety of consumption patterns of building users.D The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.解析推理判断题。根据第三自然段中的consumption pattern
13、s of building users can defeat the most careful design.一句可知专家强调改变人们的家庭生活习惯的重要性，故选A。答案 A 4The information gap in energy use _.Acan be bridged by feedback facilitiesBaffects the study on energy monitorsCbrings about problems for smart metersD will be caused by building users old habits解析细节理解题。根据第四自然段中
14、的Feedback(反馈)facilities，like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use；可知本题选A，此处bridge 是名词用作动词，“为搭建桥梁，沟通”之意。答案 A 5What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?A The
15、social science research is to be furthered.B The education programmeis under discussion.C The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.D The behaviour preference of building users is similar.解析本题考查细节理解。根据第五自然段的首句Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individual
16、sbehaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted可知人们在家庭的行为活动是不可预知的，故选C。答案 C【典例2】(2013天津，D)体裁：议论文话题：个人情感When asked about happiness，we usually think of something extraordinary，an absolute delight，which seems to get rarer the older we get.For kids，happiness has a magical quality.Their del
17、ight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫无掩饰的)In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.Suddenly its conditional on such things as excitement，love and popularity.I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school part
18、y.In adulthood the things that bring deep joylove，marriage，birthalso bring responsibility and the risk of loss.For adults，happiness is complicated(复杂的)My definition of happiness is“the capacity for enjoyment”The more we can enjoy what we have，the happier we are.Its easy to overlook the pleasure we g
19、et from the company of friends，the freedom to live where we please，and even good health.I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday.First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunchbox and had the house to myself.Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing，which I love.When the kids and m
20、y husband came home，I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work.Idont think that my grandmother，who raised 14 children，had much of either.She did have a network of close friends and family，and may
21、be this is what satisfied her.We，however，with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area，have turned happiness into one more thing weve got to have.Were so selfconscious about our“right”to it that its making us miserable.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success，without not
22、icing that the people who have those things arent necessarily happier.Happiness isnt about what happens to usits about how we see what happens to us.Its the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative.Its not wishing for what we dont have，but enjoying what we do possess.【语篇导读】本文为议论文。题材为个人情
23、感与人际关系。文章介绍了随着我们年龄的增加和对成功追求压力的加大，我们逐渐忽略了身边快乐的存在。在生活中容易满足的人会更快乐。1What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6?AShe cares little about her own health.BShe enjoys the freedom of traveling.CShe is easily pleased by things in daily life.D She prefers getting pleasure from housework.解析推理判断题。
24、第五段主要讲了作者对快乐的理解：我们越享受我们所拥有的，我们就会越快乐。第六段主要讲了作者的一次经历，孩子和丈夫的吵闹声也让作者感受到了快乐。所以这两段我们可以得知作者很容易从日常生活中感到快乐。而A、B、D三项并未提及，故选C项。答案 C 2What can be inferred from Paragraph 7?A Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness.BPsychologists opinion is well proved by Grandmas case.C Grandma often found time
25、for social gatherings.DGrandmas happiness came from modest expectations of life.解析推理判断题。本段心理学家认为快乐的来源是有可以享受的休闲时间和令人满意的工作。而作者的奶奶对于心理学家认为的快乐来源都没有，但是有自己的朋友和亲人，这或许是让奶奶满意也是快乐的事情。故选D项(奶奶的快乐来自于对生活适度的期盼。)答案 D 3People who equal happiness with wealth and success _.A consider pressure something blocking their
26、wayBstress their right to happiness too muchCare at a loss to make correct choicesDare more likely to be happy解析推理判断题。第八段告诉我们：在每个领域我们有太多的选择和追求成功的压力，我们已经把快乐变成了另外一个东西，甚至把它等同于财富和成功，但是我们没有注意到其实拥有财富和成功的人不一定更快乐。故选B项。答案 B 4What can be concluded from the passage?AHappiness lies between the positive and the negative.BEach man is the master of his own fate.CSuccess leads to happiness.DHappy is he who is content.解析推理判断题。本篇文章的中心段是最后一段。在最后一段作者指出我们的快乐不是去期望我们没有得到的东西，而是要享受我们所拥有的。故选D项。答案 D点击此处进入
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