1、 1/14 2020-2021 学年上海市闵行区华二紫竹中学 高三上学期英语期中试卷 II.Grammar and Vocabulary(20 分)Section A Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the
2、other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.How can we help students do better at school?Maybe we should subsiding gym memberships and make-up for the teachers we already have.(21)_,at least,are the implications of a new study from researchers at the University of Nevada.They designed a simp
3、le experiment to see whether a lecturers attractiveness has any impact on(22)_ _ of the lecture students remember.Here is how the experiment was carried out.At first,the researchers conducted the experiment(23)_131 college student were asked to listen to a recording of a 20-minute introductory physi
4、cs lecture.All of the students,randomly(24)_(assign)to a male or female lecture,read exactly the same text.While the lecture was playing,a computer screen displayed a photo of the lecturer-who was highly attractive in some cases and(25)_(eye-catching)in others.Taking notes was not allowed in the cou
5、rse.After the lecture,participants got a 25-question quiz on the lecture.For those with the attractive instructor,the average score was 18.27;for those with an ordinary one,the average was 16.68,seemingly not huge gap(26)_ statistically significant,the researchers said.Participants were asked to eva
6、luate the lecturers after(27)_(quiz).Sure enough,students found the attractive instructors more motivational,easier to follow and(28)_(possess)greater health,intelligence and competence.They also generally agreed on the attractiveness of the lecturers.So do the new findings mean that schools should
7、hire better-looking,teachers?R.Shane Westfall,the lead author of the new paper,notes that(29)_ _ the performance differences in his study amounted to about half of a letter grade,teaching training,experience and dedication would probably make a bigger difference.Interestingly,earlier studies have fo
8、und that good-looking people are more likely to get hired in almost any context-suggesting that schools may(30)_(hire)the more attractive teachers.2/14 Section B (10 分)Directions:Complete the passage with the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you
9、need.A.mounting B.stimulus C.distribution D.interventions E.divided F.collapseG.sustainable H.shrinking I.trembled J.disparities K.reshapeIn February the coronavirus pandemic struck the world with the biggest shock since the second world war.Lockdowns and a slump in consumer spending led to a labour
10、 market(31)_in which the equivalent of nearly 500m fulltime jobs disappeared almost overnight.World trade(32)_ as factories shut down and countries closed their borders.An even deeper economic catastrophe was avoided thanks only to unprecedented(33)_in financial markets by central banks,government a
11、id to workers and failing firms,and the expansion of budget deficits to near-wartime levels.The crash was synchronized.As a recovery takes place,however,huge gaps between the performance of countries are opening up-which could yet(34)_ the worlds economic order.By the end of next year,according to f
12、orecasts by the OECD,Americas economy will be the same size as it was in 2019 but Chinas will be 10%larger.Europe will still languish beneath its pre-pandemic level of output and could do so for several years-a fate it may share with Japan,which is suffering a demographic squeeze.The(35)_ of growth
13、rates across 50 economies was at its widest for at least 40 years.These adjustments will be immense.The pandemic will leave economies less globalized,more digitized and less equal.As they cut risks in their supply chains and harness automation,manufacturers will bring production closer to home.As of
14、fice workers continue to work in their kitchens and bedrooms for at least part of the week,lower-paid workers who previously worked as waiters,cleaners and sales assistants will need to find new jobs in the suburbs.Until they do,they could face long spells of unemployment.In America permanent job lo
15、sses are(36)_even as the headline unemployment rate falls.Instead Americas weakness is toxic and(37)_politics.This week President Donald Trump seemed to abandon talks over renewing its(38)_,meaning that the economy could fall over a fiscal cliff.Critical reforms,whether to redesign the safety-net fo
16、r a tech-driven economy or to put deficits on a(39)_ course,are all but impossible while two warring tribes define compromise as weakness.Covid-19 is imposing a new economic reality.Every country will be called on to adapt,but America faces a daunting task.If it is to lead the post-pandemic world,it
17、 will have to reset its politics.The pandemic has created big performance(40)_ between the worlds economies.They could get even larger.3/14 III.Reading Comprehension(45 分）Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank
18、 with the word of phrase that best fits the context.Internet privacy refers to the vast range of technologies,protocols and concepts related to giving individual users or other parties more privacy protections in their use of the global Internet.When Congress considered reversing online privacy rule
19、s last week,Steve Wilmot,a Los Angeles songwriter,reacted like many(41)_ consumers.He looked into signing up for a technology service known as a virtual private network,or VPN.The online privacy rules,which were just set to go into effect this year but fully(42)_ on Monday by President Trump,would h
20、ave required broadband providers like Comcast to get(43)_ from customers before selling their browsing history to advertisers.Without restrictions,the companies can(44)_ and sell peoples information with greater ease.A VPN was a natural service to consider in response.Thats because the technology cr
21、eates a virtual tunnel that(45)_ your browsing information from your internet service provider.“I dont really want anybody to have any sort of access to what Im looking at,”he said.“If anyone is going to(46)_ off my privacy,Id prefer it to be me.”But while VPNs are worth considering,they are a flawe
22、d solution.Some apps and services,(47)_,may stop working properly when you are connected to a virtual network.Heres an overview of the pros and cons,based on tests of VPN services and interviews with(48)_ experts.Why go with a VPN?When you browse the web,a broadband provider helps(49)_ your devices
23、internet traffic to each destination website.When you are on the internet,a service provider can see which devices you use and which sites you visit.But with VPN,all your internet provider would see is the VPN servers IP address connected to the VPN service.Does a VPN have any(50)_?In my tests with
24、a Mac,download speeds dropped about 85 percent after connecting to F-Secures Freedome VPN service,and by 50 percent when connected to another VPN service called Private Internet Access.In other words,Speeds will(51)_ depending on the VPN providers infrastructure.4/14 Whats the VPN bottom line?Even i
25、f you hide your activities from your internet provider,web companies like Facebook and Google can use tracking technologies like cookies to(52)_ your activities as you move from site to site.If you are truly concerned about keeping your web browsing history(53)_,Mr.Grossman,an expert in a computer s
26、ecurity company,recommended using a combination of a VPN and an ad blocker.In addition,he said,with VPNs,most people would probably be better off using them when it seems(54)_ and turning them off when they are not needed.In brief,all things considered,VPN is only a(an)(55)_ solution for keeping you
27、r browsing data private.41.A.delightedB.sadC.concernedD.curious42.A.reinforcedB.desertedC.supervisedD.regulated43.A.allowanceB.permissionC.understandingD.negotiation44.A.prospectB.retain.C.trackD.modify45.A.coversB.revisesC.restoresD.shields46.A.spyB.restrainC.resolveD.profit47.A.as a resultB.on the
28、 contraryC.in additionD.for instance48.A.securityB.internetC.policyD.business49.A.alterB.routeC.selectD.assess50.A.restrictionB.disturbanceC.downsidesD.caution51.A.slowB.shiftC.varyD.accelerate52.A.identifyB.locateC.recordD.alert53.A.in good order B.out of reachC.in the darkD.out of touch54.A.safeB.
29、essentialC.availableD.convenient55.A.imperfectB.significantC.awfulD.uniqueSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one 5/14 that fits best accordi
30、ng to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The American Academy of Arts and Sciences(AAAS)has released“The Heart of the Matter”,a report deserving praise for attaching the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in Am
31、erica.Regrettably,however,the reports failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.Two years ago,leading congressional democrats and republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by federal states a
32、nd local governments,universities,foundations,educator benefactors and others to maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship education.In response,the AAAS formed the Commission on the humanity and Social Sciences commission member are top-tier university presidents,
33、scholars,lawyers,judges,and business executives as well as distinguished figures from diplomacy,filmmaking,music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable.Because the government supports full literacy of citizens,the report stresses the study of history and government
34、 particularly American history and American government and encourages the use of new digital technologies.To encourage innovation and competition,the report calls for increased investment in research,the introduction of a series of curricula that improve students ability to solve problems and commun
35、icate effectively in the 2lst century increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholar bring earning into practice on the great challenges of the day.The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages,international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortuna
36、tely,despite 2 years in the making,“The heart of the Matter”never gets to the heart of the matter the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.The commission ignores that for several decades America colleges and universities have produced graduates who dont know
37、 the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.Sadly,the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing progressive.”Today,professors routinely treat the progressive interp
38、retation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative classical liberal ideassuch as free markets and self-reliance-6/14 -as falling outside the boundaries of routine,and sometimes legal,intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthu
39、siasm for liberal education.Yet its report may well hold back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to clarify.56.Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to .A.maintain peoples interest in liberal education B.define the gov
40、ernments role in education C.safeguard individuals rights to education D.keep a leading position in liberal education57.According to“The Heart of the Matter”,the American government should emphasize .A.an exclusive study of American history and American government.B.the application of emerging techn
41、ologies.C.the combination of theoretical subjects and cutting-edge researches.D.funding for the study of foreign languages.58.It can be inferred from the passage that .A.professors are routinely supportive of free markets B.great value is put on intellectual investigation in college C.professors hav
42、e prejudice against classical liberal ideas D.progressive public policy is out of boundaries of proper study 59.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?7/14 A.The AAASs Contribution to Liberal Education B.Ways to Grasp“The Heart of the Matter”C.Progressive Policy vs.Liberal Educa
43、tion D.Illiberal Education and“The Heart of the Matter”(B)A loggerhead turtle called Nancy swam,across.9,000 miles from Mexico to Japan,crossing the entire Pacific on her way,in 1996.How did she do that?Putman and Lohmann have the answer.Putman works in the lab of Lohmann whos been studying the magn
44、etic abilities of loggerheads for over 20 years.In his lab,Lohmann places hatchlings in a water tank surrounded by some electromagnet coils.In 1991,he found that the babies started swimming in the opposite direction if he used the coils to reverse the direction of the magnetic field around them.Late
45、r,Lohmann found that hatchlings born off the sea coast of Florida spend their early lives in a warm current that circles between North America and Africa.If theyre swept towards the cold waters outside the gyre,they die.After doing lot of experiments,Lohmann added that the loggerhead turtles can use
46、 the magnetic field to work out their latitude-their position on north-south-axis(轴)Now,Putman has shown that they can also determine their longitude-their position on an east-west axis.He simulate the fields in two positions with the same latitude at opposite ends of the Atlantic(referring to Graph
47、ic below).If the field simulated the west Atlantic near Puerto Rico,the turtles swam northeast.If the field matched that on the east Atlantic near the Cape Verde Islands,the turtles swam south west.Orientation of hatchling loggerheads tested in a magnetic field that simulates a 8/14 position at the
48、west side of the Atlantic near Puerto Rico(left)and a position at the east side of the Atlantic near the Cape Verde Islands(right).The arrow in each circle indicates the mean direction that the group of hatchlings swam.Data are plotted relative to geographic north(N=0)West Atlantic(Puerto Rico)East
49、Atlantic(Puerto Rico)60.The passage most strongly suggests that Nancy navigate her 9,000 mile journey by using_.A.Cues form electromagnetic coils designed by Lohmann.B.The current of the North Atlantic gyre.C.The instinct for using GPSD.The Earths magnetic field.61.Based on the passage,which choice
50、best describes the relationship between Putmans and Lohmanns research?A.Putmans research builds on Lohmanns.B.Putmans research contradicts LohmannsC.Lohmanns research confirms Putmans.D.Lohmanns research corrects Putmans.62.It can be inferred from the passage and the graphic that if scientists adjus
51、ted the coils to reverse the magnetic field simulating that in the East Atlantic(Cape Verde Islands),the hatchlings would most likely swim in which direction?A.Northwest B.Southeast C.Northeast D.Southwest.9/14 （C）There is currently a broad global movement away from considerations of mere economic s
52、uccess towards a new public policy goat involving a broader notion of quality of life.This movement has also spurred rethinking of which statistics inform us best about a countrys situation and how its citizens are faring.For decades,the gold standard was macroeconomic indicator:the GDP-gross-domest
53、ic product.This is the most prominent yardstick that the media,politicians and the public consider when they try to assess how country is performing.However,this measure was never meant to be a measure of the welfare of nations and so there is growing skepticism about the GDPs usefulness as a measur
54、e of national well-being.Slogans like“beyond GDP”challenge the preoccupation with the GDP.The first group of initiatives tries to deal with the flow of the GDP by attempting to fix the indicator itself.One key aim of it is to account for sustainability and environmental damage associated with GDP gr
55、owth.The second group of measures moves further away from the GDP as a yardstick than the previous approaches but does not abandon the sum of goods and services altogether.Instead,it seeks to assess national well-being by complementing the GDP with a number of key social indicators.The most radical
56、departure from the GDP is embodied by the third group of measures,which seeks alternative indicators of wall-being without accounting for the sum of goods and services produced in an economy.The logic behind it is that the GDP has always been and remains a means to an end rather than the end itself.
57、Replacing the GDP altogether is quite a drastic strategy for assessing national well-being,as not only is economic growth a prerequisite for many of the social goods that make life enjoyable but the metric of GDP is also highly correlated with such other factors.Thus,by arguing that the GDP is only
58、a means to an end,these measures are in danger of making a conceptual assumption that is notable in theory but can be challenged in practice on the basis of actual causal mechanisms and empirical data.63.The meaning of“prominent”in paragraph 2 line 2 is closest to .A.remarkable B.projecting C.recogn
59、ized D.clear-cut64.From the passage we can learn that the“first group of initiatives”would primarily .A.change the measurement approach to encompass only social factors.B.take both positive and negative factors into account universally.C.show the positive effects of modernization in its new measurem
60、ents.D.shift the measurement of GDP so that it is calculated per capita.10/14 65.We can infer that the alternative approach to measuring happiness,different from the current approach,is based on the belief that .A.economic prosperity is a good predictor of life expectancy and is particularly useful
61、for comparing life expectancies around the world.B.GDP is a helpful measurement of how economics contribute to welfare in different countries.C.material living conditions and life expectancy have no effect on individual happiness.D.the sum of goods and services produced by a country isnt a necessary
62、 factor in determining a countrys well-being.66.Which of the following can describe the authors central claim in the passage?A.Well-being and economics have not been shown to correlate to any significant degree.B.Replacing the GDP outright may seem appealing but difficult and dangerous to implement.
63、C.There is a growing movement to improve the way a countrys well-being is measured.D.The GDP can only measure economics,while happiness must be considered primarily in terms of other factors.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Eac
64、h sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Many films have been adapted from literature with much success.67 Scott Fitzgeralds iconic tale of 1920s excess has been taken on by Hollywood four times:in 1926,1949,1974,and 2013.A.Adaptation is interpretation.B.
65、In fact,literacy adaptations account for a quarter of such nomination.C.However,the movie-The Great Gatsby was also criticized for being lifeless and dull.D.People will always like the book more.E.However,adapting a novel as beloved as The Great Gatsby has proved to be a great challenge.F.If another
66、 The Great Gatsby film comes out in 30 years,viewers should judge it based on its own cinematic merits and not based on its fidelity（忠诚）to Fitzgeralds book.11/14 None met with widespread critical or popular success.As a novel,The Great Gatsby has become a mainstay of American popular culture,so when
67、 readers go to the movies to see Jay Gatsby come to life,their expectations are high.Viewers should keep in mind,though,that adapting a novel into a film is more complicated than it seems,and literary film adaptations should be evaluated on their own merits.Many viewers want to see the literary sour
68、ce portrayed on screen exactly as it was written.The 1974 film adaptation was recognized for following Fitzgeralds novel to the letter.68 A film is limited to the length of time that the production is allowed to run,and the director must use this time to create an immediate,sensory impact,not a visu
69、al retelling of a book.While Fitzgerald had unlimited space in The Great Gatsby to create as many characters,plots,and subplots as he desired,the directors of film adaptations have the advantages of theatrical performance,the spoken word,music,sound effects,and photographic images.The director of th
70、e most recent film adaptation of The Great Gatsby was credited for shaping Fitzgeralds material to fit his own artistic sensibility and 8 also his own contemporary perspective.69 .This is the hard reality that must be faced when viewing the film version of a beloved book.Though it may be difficult,T
71、he Great Gatsby must be taken off its literary pedestal before one goes to see its filmic counterpart.Books are capable of inspiring countless interpretations.Film adaptations deserve the same creative space.70 IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the m
72、ain point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.A rapidly advancing contemporary science that is highly dependent on new tools is Earth system science.Earth system science involves observation and measurements on the Earth at all scales from the largest to t
73、he smallest.The huge amounts of data that are gathered come from many different locations and require special techniques for handling data.Important new tools that facilitate Earth system science include satellite remote sensing,small deep-sea submarines,and geographic information systems.More than
74、any other way of gathering evidence satellite observations continually remind us that each part of the Earth interacts and is dependent on all other parts.Earth system science was born from the realization of that interdependence.Satellite remote sensing makes 12/14 possible observations at large sc
75、ales,and in many cases,measurements of factors that could not otherwise be measured.For example,the ozone hole over Antarctica-the decrease in the concentration of ozone high in the atmosphere-is measured by remote sensing,as are changes in deserts,forests,and farmlands around the world.Such measure
76、ments can be used in many areas of specialization besides Earth system science.Archaeology,for example,has benefited from satellite observations that reveal the traces of ancient trade routes across the Arabian Desert.New tools for exploring previously inaccessible areas of the Earth have also added
77、 greatly to our knowledge of the Earth system.Small deep-sea submarines allow scientists to travel to the depths of the ocean.There they have discovered new species and ecosystems thriving near deep-sea vents that emit heat,sasses,and mineral-rich water.Just as important as new methods of measuremen
78、t and exploration are new ways to store and analyze data about the Earth system.Computer-based software programs known as geographic information systems,or GIS,allow a large number of data points to be stored along with their locations.These can be used to produce maps and to compare different sets
79、of information gathered at different times.For example,satellite remote sensing images of a forest can be converted to represent stages in the forests growth.Two such images,made at different times can be overlaid and compared,and the changes that have taken place can be represented in a new image.V
80、.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.时近傍晚，强风夹着暴雨，登山更困难了。(accompany)73.欢笑不仅可以愉悦自己的心情，而且还可以使你看上去更有魅力。(Not only)74.中国在科学领域里取得的巨大成就应归功于那些全心投入研究，淡薄名利的无名英雄们。(owe)75.让新任馆长欣慰的是，得益于针对性的举措，原本积灰的展品焕然一新，博物馆也恢复了往日的风采。(restore)13/14 .Guided
81、 WritingDirections:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.City TEENS Newspaper 正在向全市学生征集他们对疫情期间线上教学（online learning）的个人意见，假如你是来自 EFZ High School 高三 10 班的宋华，请写一份信给报社主编，结合自己的经历谈谈自己对此的看法，文章必须包括：1.你对于 online learning 的看法。2.结合你自己的经历阐述你持有该看法的理由。1
82、4/14 参考答案21.those 22.how much 23.where 24.assigned 25.less eye-catching26.But 27.being quizzed 28.possessing 29.even if 30.Have hired31-40 FIDKC AEBGJ41-45 CBBCD 46-50 DDABC 51-55 CABBA56-59 DBCD 60-62 DBC 63-66 ABDC 67-70 ECAF72.It is almost early evening,accompanied with strong winds and heavy rai
83、n,which made climbing more difficult.73.Not only can laughter cheer you up,but also it can make you look more charming.74.China owes its great achievements it achieves in the field of science to unsung heroes who devote themselves to research without caring about fame and wealth.75.To the relief of the newly-appointed curator,benefiting from the targeted initiatives,the exhibits which were covered with dust are now taking a new look and the museum also restore to what it used to be./previous glory.