150页最新最全高考英语语法讲解及练习题附答案难题有详解.pdf

1、1 经典最新最全高考英语语法讲解及练习题附答案难题有详解高考英语语法专题复习 一、冠词 The Article 知识要点：冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a(an)是不定冠词，a 用在辅音之前：如 a book,a man;an 用在元音之前，如：an old man,an hour,an interesting book 等。the 是定冠词。一、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词 a(an)的基本用法。如：She is a g

2、irl.I am a teacher.Please pass me an apple.2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.A Wang is looking for you.一位姓王的同志正在找你。3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有 one 强烈。如：I have a mouth,a nose and two eyes.4、用于某些固定词组中。如：a bit,a few,a little,a lot of,a piece of,a cup of,a glass of,a pile of,a

3、pair of,have a good time,for a while,for a long time 等。5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍a+抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如：This little girl is a joy to her parents.这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。It is a pleasure to talk with you.跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。It is an honour to me to attend the meeting.参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。二、定冠词的用法：1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词 the 的基本用法。如：Beij

4、ing is the capital of China.The pen on the desk is mine.2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如：Where is the teacher?Open the window,please.3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如：There was a chair by the window.On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.2 The baby was thin.4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the earth,the moon,the sun.5、用在序数词和

5、形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：He is always the first to come to school.Bob is the tallest in his class.6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如：the Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Science Museum,the Childrens Palace,the Party 等。7、用在一些习惯用语中。如：on the day,in the morning(afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow,the day

6、 before yesterday,the next year,by the way 等。8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如：the Yellow River,the Pacific Ocean,the Alps,the Himalayas 9、用在报刊、杂志前。如：the Peoples Daily,the Evening Paper,the Times 泰晤士报。10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如：The Browns are at home to receive visitors today.布朗一家今天要接待客人。11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如：the poor,the wounded,t

7、he living,the dead,the rich,the sick 等。12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如：The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).三、零冠词（即不用冠词）：1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如：China,America,Grade One,Class Two,milk,oil,water,paper,science 等。2、名词前已有作定语用的 this,that,my,your,some,any 等代词。如：Go down this street.3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如：We are stu

8、dents.I like reading stories.4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如：Teachers Day,Childrens Day,National Day,in summer,in July 等。3 Today is New Years Day.It is Sunday.March 8 is Womens Day.5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如：Whats the matter,Granny?We elected him monitor.6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如：at noon,at night,at first,at last,at most,

9、at least,by bus(train,air,sea),in bed,in time,in front of,go to school,go to bed,go to college,on foot,at table,in ink,in pencil 等。7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如：She goes to school after breakfast every morning.We are going to play football.We usually have lunch at school.8、科目前不加。如：We learn Chinese,maths,English an

10、d some other subjects.【专项训练】：1、We cant live without air.Aan B Cthe Dsome 2、Have you seen pen?I left it here this morning.Is it black one?I think I saw it somewhere.Aa;the Bthe;the Cthe;a Da;a 3、Ive been waiting for him for hour and half.A;Bthe;a Ca;the Dan;a 4、What fine weather we have today!Aa B Cs

11、ome Dan 5、Have you ever seen as tall as this one?Aa tree Bsuch tree Can tree Dtree 6、Children usually go to school at age of six.A;the Ba;an Cthe;Dthe;the 7、Himalayas is highest mountain in world.A;the;BThe;the;the CA;a;a D;4 8、They each have _book.Li Huas is about writer.Wang Lins is on science.Aa;

12、a;Bthe;the C;the;Da;the;a 9、Physics is science of matter and energy.AThe;B;C;the DA;a 10、sun rises in east and sets in west.AA;an;a BThe;CThe;the;the DA;the;a 11、Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.Aa;Bthe;an Cthe;the D;the 12、_Mr Jones called while you

13、 were out(neither of us knows this man).He was in bad temper.A;a BA;CThe;the DA;a 13、They were at dinner then.It was delicous one.Aa;the B;C;a Da;a 14、what kind of car do you want to buy?A Bthe Ca Dan 15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music.A;the B;Cthe;Dthe

14、;the 16、Beyond stars,the astronaut saw nothing but space.Athe;B;the C;Dthe;the 17、Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.A Ba Cthe Done 18、Wheres Jack?I think hes still in bed,but he might just be in bathroom.A;Bthe;the Cthe;D;the 19、Many people are still in habit of writing silly things i

15、n public places.Athe;the B;Cthe;D;the 20、Id like information about the management of your hotel,please.Well,you could have word with the manager.He might be helpful.Asome;a Ban;some Csome;some Dan;a【答案】：1、B air 是不可数名词。5 2、D 此题为 97 年高考题。根据句意，第一空是泛指，第一次出现；第二空仍是泛指，且表数量“”。3、D 元音前用 an。4、B weather 是不可数名词。

16、5、A 此题为 85 年高考题。泛指。6、A go to school 是固定短语。7、B 山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。8、A 第一、二空泛指，第三空，science 是不可数名词。9、C 第一空，科目前不加冠词；第二空特指，有定语。10、C 11、A 第一空，a+不可数名词表具体的介绍；第二空，trade 不可数。12、D 第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访。（括号里说明，我们俩都不认识这个人，因此不是特指。）第二空是固定短语，情绪不好。13、C 第一空 at dinner 正在吃饭，固定短语。14、A 泛指15、C 此题是 89 年高考题：乐器前加定冠词；mu

17、sic 是不可数名词。16、A 此题是 90 年高考题：stars 前应加定冠词；space 不可数。17、C 此题是 91 年高考题：发明应是特指。18、D 此题是 92 年高考题。in bed 是固定短语，不加冠词。19、C 此题是 93 年高考题。第一空后有定语，固是特指。第二空，public places,公共场所，泛指。20、A 此题是 95 年高考题。information 是不可数名词；have a word with sb.是固定短语。二、名词 Nouns 知识要点：一、名词的种类：1、专有名词：1）China,Japan,Beijing,London,Tom,Jack（不加冠

18、词）2）the Great Wall,the Yellow River,the Peoples Republic of China,the United States 等。（由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。）2、普通名词：1）不可数名词注意：不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加 a(an)则使之具体化了。物质名词：，抽象名词：，waterriceoilpaperhealthtroubleworkpleasurehonor6 如：have a wonderful time.不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数

19、形 式。如：fishes,newspapers,waters,snows|各种各样的鱼 各种报纸 河湖、海水积雪有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times 时代，works 著作，difficulties 困难在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如：a glass of milk,a cup of tea,two pieces of paper.2）可数名词：可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A birdcaufly.The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.Vegetables sold at this shop are

20、 usually fresh.有复数形式：a）规则变化加“s”或“es”（与初中同，略）b）不规则变化child(children),foot(feet),tooth(teeth),man(men),woman(women),mouse(mice),goose(geese),Englishman(Englishmen),phenomenon(phenomena)注意：c）单、复数同形：sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese,fish（同一种鱼）。如，a sheep,two sheep d）只用复数形式：thanks,trousers,goods,clothes,socks,sh

21、oes,e）形复实单：physics,politics,maths,news,plastics（塑料），means.f）形单实复：people(人民，人们），the police,cattle 等g）集合名词如：family,public,group,class 等。当作为整体时，为单数；当作为整体中的各个成员时，为复数。如：My family is a big one.My family are music lovers.h）复合名词变复数时，a）只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如：sister(s)-in-law 嫂子，弟妹；step-son(s)继子；editor(s)-in-ch

22、ief 总编辑。b）如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中间人c）woman,man 作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如：a man servantmen servants,a woman doctorwomen doctors7 二、名词的所有格：1、表有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格，一般在名词后加“s”。如：Mikes bag,Childrens Day,my brothers room,womens rights 注意：1）名词复数的词尾是-s 或-es，它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如：Teachers Day

23、,the workers rest-home（工人疗养院），the students reading-room 2）复合名词的所有格，在后面的词后加“s”。如：her son-in-laws photo（她女婿的照片）；anybody elses book（其他任何人的书）3）如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则在最后的一个名词后面加“s”；如果不是共有，则每个词后都要加“s”。如：Jane and Helens room.珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）.Bills and Toms radios.比尔的收音机和汤姆的 收音机（不共有）4）表地点（店铺，某人的家等）的名词所有格后面，一般省去它所修饰

24、的名词。如：the tailors(裁缝铺)the doctors(诊所)Mr Browns(布朗先生的家)5）有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“s”表所有格。如：half an hours walk(半小时的路程)Chinas agriculture(中国的农业)2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与 of 构成词组，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book 3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用 of，特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。如：the story of Dr Norman Bethune Do you know the name of the boy s

25、tanding at the gate?4、“of 词组+所有格”的用法：在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词（如：a,two,some,a few,this,that,these,those 等）时，常用“of 词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如：a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一位朋友。some inventions of Edisons 爱迪生的一些发明 those exercise-books of the students 学生们的那些练习本。【专项训练】：1、There are only twelve in the hospital.Awo

26、man doctors Bwomen doctors Cwomen doctor Dwoman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two,both of whom are teachers in a school.Abrothers-in-law Bbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-laws Dbrothers-in law 3、How many does a cow have?Four.Astomaches Bstomach Cstomachs Dstomachies 8 4、Some visited our school last Wednesday.AG

27、erman BGermen CGermans DGermens 5、The of the building are covered with lots of.Aroofs;leaves Brooves;leafs Croof;leaf Droofs;leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three missing.Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies 7、That was a fifty engine.Ahorse power Bhorses power Chorse powers Dhorses power

28、s 8、My father often gives me.Amany advice Bmuch advice Ca lot of advices Da few advice 9、Mary broke a while she was washing up.Atea cup Ba cup of tea Cteas cup Dcup tea 10、Can you give us some about the writer?Ainformations Binformation Cpiece of informations Dpieces information 11、I had a cup of an

29、d two pieces of this morning.Ateas;bread Bteas;breads Ctea;breads Dtea;bread 12、As is known to us all,travels much faster than.Alights;sounds Blight;sound Csound;light Dsounds;lights 13、She told him of all her and.Ahope;fear Bhopes;fear Chopes;fears Dhope;fears 14、The rising did a lot of to the crop

30、s.Awater;harm Bwater;harms Cwaters;harm Dwaters;harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?Its about .9 Ahalf an hours drive Bhalf hours drives Chalf an hour drives Dhalf an hour drive 16、The shirt isnt mine.Its .AMrs Smith BMrs Smith CMrs Smiths DMrs Smiths 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of.

31、AMarys mother BMarys mothers CMary mothers DMarys mothers 18、Last week I called at my.Aaunt Baunts Caunts Dauntes 19、The beach is a throw.Astone Bstones Cstones Dstones 20、I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.APeter BPeter CPeters DPeters【答案】：1、B 2、A 3、C stomach（胃）虽是“c

32、h”结尾，但其发音为k，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。4、C 5、A roof,chief,gulf,belief 等词的复数形式，直接加“s”。6、C 7、A 名词作定语一般不用复数。8、B 9、A 根据句意，打破的应是杯子，而不是茶；名词作定语表类别不用加“s”。10、B 11、D 12、B 13、C 14、C 15、A 16、D 根据上句，此处应是史密斯太太的衬衫。17、D 18、C 19、D a stones throw 是固定短语，意为“近在咫尺”。20、B 此句中 Peter 作动名词 sailing 的所有格，本应用 Peters，但因其在动词后作宾语，所以可用宾格，因此 B 为

33、正确答案。三、主谓一致 Agreement 知识要点：在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：101）The book is on the table.2）He is reading English.3）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.）4）How you get th

34、ere is a problem.2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：Children like to play toys.3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以 here,there 开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：1）There is a dog near the door.2）There were no schools in this area before liberation.3）Here comes the bus.4）On the wall were two famous paintings.5）Here is Mr Brown and his children

35、.4、and 连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有 with,together with,except,but,perhaps,like,including,as well as,no less than,more than,ratherthan 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：1）Jane,Mary and I are good friends.2）He and my father work in the same factory.3）His sister,no less than you,is wrong.4）The father,rat

36、her than the brothers,is responsible for the accident.5）He,like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.6）Every picture except these two has been sold.7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the cla

37、ssroom at that time.5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and 后面的名词没有冠词。如：1）The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。2）Bread and butter is their daily food.面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。（两个人）116、and 连接的并列单数名词前如

38、有 each,every,no,many a 修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。2）No teacher and no student is absent today.今天没有老师和学生缺席。3）Many a student is busy with their lessons.许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。7、each,either,one,another,the other,neither 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Each takes a

39、 cup of tea.2）Either is correct.3）Neither of them likes this picture.8、由 every,some,any,no 构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Is everyone here?2）Nothing is to be done.没有什么要干的事儿了。9、关系代词 who,that,which 等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.2）Anyone who is against

40、this opinion may speak out.3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：1）Three years is not a long time.2）Ten dollars is what he needs.3）Five hundred miles is a long distance.11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：1）The Uni

41、ted States is in North America.2）The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。3）“The Arabian Nights”（天方夜谭）is an interesting book.12、有些集体名词如 family,team,group,class,audience（听众，观众），government 等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：1）My family is going to have a long journey.我家要进行一次长途旅行。122

42、）My family are fond of music.我家人都喜欢音乐。3）The class has won the honour.这班获得了荣誉。4）The class were jumping for joy.全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。13、all,more,most,some,any,none,half,the rest 等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：1）All of the apple is rotten.整个苹果都烂了。2）All of the apples are rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。3）Most of the w

43、ood was used to make furniture(家具)。14、the+形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：1）The young are usually very active.年轻人通常是很活跃的。2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now.现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。15、or,eitheror,neithernor,whetheror,not onlybut(also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如：1）Either you or

44、I am going to the movies.2）Not only you but also he is wrong.16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Water is a kind of matter.2）The news at six oclock is true.17、集合名词如：people,police,cattle 等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：1）The police are searching for him.2）The cattle are grassing(吃草)。18、population 当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲

45、时，谓语动词用复数。如：1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.2）One third of the population here are workers.19、the number of+名词复数，是表示“的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a(large/great)number of+名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.2）A number of stud

46、ents have gone for an outing.13 20、means,politics,physics,plastics 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。【专项训练】1、Nothing but cars in the shop.Ais sold Bare sold Cwere sold Dare going to sell 2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.Aknow Bknows Cis knowing Dare known 3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from th

47、e countryside.Ais Bare Ccomes Dare coming 4、of the money used up.AThree-five,are BThree-fifths,have been CThree-fifths,has been DThird-fifths,is 5、The number of the people who cars increasing.Aowns,are Bowns,is Cown,is Down,are 6、One of Marxs works written in English in the 1860s.Awas Bwere Cwould b

48、e Dare 7、The sheets for your bed washing.Aneeds Bare needing Cwant Dare wanting8、On each side of the street a lot of trees.Astands Bgrow Cis standing Dare grown 9、Some person calling for you at the gate.Aare Bis Cis being Dwill be 10、All that can be eaten eaten up.Aare being Bhas been Chad been Dhav

49、e been 11、Toms teacher and friend Mr.Smith.Aare Bis Care being Dhas 12、Your new clothes fit you,but mine me.Adoesnt fit Bdont fit Cdoesnt fit for Ddont fit for 13、Neither he nor I for the plan.Aam Bare Cis Dwere 14、Many a student that mistake before.14Ahas made Bhave made Chas been made Dhad made 15

50、、Peter,perhaps John,playing with the little dog.Ais Bare Cwere Dseems 16、Laying eggs the ant queens full-time job.Ais Bare Chas Dhave 17、Between the two buildings a monument.Astand Bstands Cstanding Dis standing 18、I,who your good friend,will share your joys and sorrow.Aam Bis Care Dwas 19、The Unite

51、d Nations in 1945.Awere found Bwere founded Cwas founded Dwas found 20、were also invited to the party.AMr Smith BThe Smith CThe Smiths DSmiths 21、The glass works in 1959.Awere set up Bwas set up Cwere put up Dwere built 22、Three hours with your girl friend to be a short time.Aseem Bseems Cis seeming

52、 Dhas seemed 23、It was reported that six including a boy.Awas killed Bwere killed Cwas killing Dhad killed 24、The police a prisoner.Ais searching for Bare searching forCis searching Dare searched for 25、Deer faster than dogs.Arun Bruns Care running Dwill run 26、The wounded good care of here now.Ais

53、taken Bare being taken Care taking Dis taking 27、The whole class greatly moved at his words.Awas Bwere Chad Dis 28、Over 80 percent of the population of China peasants.Awas Bis Care Dwill be 29、There a knife and fork on the table.15 Aseems to be Bseem to be Cis seeming to be Dare 30、Those who singing

54、 may join us.Aare liking Blikes Cenjoy Dis fond of 31、His family music lovers.Aall are Bare all Cis Dare being 32、A professor and a writer present at the meeting.Awas Bis Cwere Dhad been 33、The pair of shoes worn out.Awas Bwere Chave been Dhad been 34、The students in our school each an English dicti

55、onary.Ahave Bhas Chad Dare having 35、More than one answer to the question.Ahave been given Bhas been given Cwere given Dhad given 36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who from the countryside in our school.Aare Bis Cwere Dwas 37、Our family a happy one.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere

56、38、Most of the mistakes because of carelessness.Awere made Bare made Chas been made Dwere making 39、Most of his time in reading novels.Aare spent Bis spent Cwere spent Dwas spending 40、The rest of the novel very interesting.Awere Bare Cis Dseem 41、I know that all getting on well with her.Awas Bis Ca

57、re Dwere 42、When and where this took place still unknown.Aare Bwere Cis Dhas 43、Not only the workers but also the machine not there.Aare Bwere Cis Dhas 44、Very few his address in the town.16Aknows Bknow Care knowing Dhas known 45、Ten thousand dollars a large sum of money.Aare Bis Cwere Dseem 46、Twen

58、ty miles a long way to cover.Awere Bare Cis Dseem to be 47、Nine plus three twelve.Amakes Bmake Cis making Dare making 48、There are two roads and either to the station.Aleads Blead Care leading Dis leading 49、My father,together with some of his old friends,there already.Ahave been Bhas been Chad been

59、 Dwill be 50、My family as well as I glad to see you.Aam Bare Cis Dwas【答案】：1、A 因有连词 but，所以谓语形式跟 Nothing 一致，用第三人称单数。见讲解 4。2、B 同上 3、B 见讲解 2。4、C 见讲解 16。5、C 定语从句看被修饰的先行词：the number of 作主语用单数形式。见讲解 9，19。6、A 见讲解 1。7、C 见讲解 2。8、B 倒装句，要看后面的主语。见讲解 3。9、B some person 指“某人”是第三人称单数。见讲解 13。10、B 主语“all”指的是“food”，所以代

60、不可数名词，是第三人称单数。见讲解 13。11、B Toms teacher and friend，因 friend 前没有冠词，所以实际指的是同一个人。见讲解 5。12、B 根据前一分句的意思，第二分句中的 mine 指的是“my new clothes”，因 此主语是复数。13、A neithernor连接主语，动词与后面的主语保持一致。见讲解 15。14、A 见讲解 6。15、A 见讲解 4。16、A 见讲解 1，动名词作主语。17、B 倒装，见讲解 3。18、A 见讲解 9。19、C 见讲解 11。20、C 因谓语动词是复数，所主语应是复，The Smiths 是指史密斯一家人。21、

61、B works 在此句中是指工厂，所以是单数。22、B 见讲解 10。23、B six 在这儿指的是人，因此用复数形式。24、B 见讲解 17。25、A deer,sheep 是单、复数同形，根据后面的 dogs，前面的 deer 应是复数（单 数前应有 a）。26、B 见讲解 14。27、B 见讲解 12，因人才能受感动，所以the whole class 是指全班的成员。28、C 见讲解 18。29、A 见讲解 5。刀、叉是一副而论，所以看作单数。30、C 见讲解 9。31、B 见讲解 12。32、C 见讲解 4，注意与第 11 题比较。1733、A 因此句主语是 pair，所以用单数。3

62、4、A 因此句主语是 the students，所以用复数。如果 each 作主语，谓语动词则用 第三人称单数形式。如：Each of the students/Each student has an English dictionary.35、B 此句中的主语是 one answer，所以谓语动词应与它保持一致。36、B 根据句意，这个男孩是学校中唯一来自农村的学生，自然后面的定语从句 的主语是单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式，又因主从句时态保持一致，故 B 是唯一正确答案。37、A 见讲解 12。38、A 见讲解 2。39、B 见讲解 16。40、C 这部小说的剩余部分，还没超出“一”，用单数

63、。41、C 见讲解 13，不定代词 all 在此句中代“与她相处的人”，所以是复数。42、C 见讲解 1，when and where this took place 是一个从句。43、C 见讲解 15。44、B few 在此代人，是复数。45、B 见讲解 10。46、C 同上。47、A 同上。48、A 见讲解 7。49、B 见讲解 4。50、B 同上。四、虚 拟 语 气虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1、虚拟条件句。2、名词性虚拟语气。3、虚拟语气的其他用语。一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If 主语过去时，主语shoul

64、d（could,would,或 might）动词原形，如：If I were you,I would study hard.If it rained,I would not be here now.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If 主语had过去分词，主语should（could,would,或 might）have过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night,the boy would have saved.If I had not studied hard,I would have failed in the exam last term.3、

65、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：do，主语should（could）原形 do If shouldwere to主语18过去时（与现在事实条件句一样）。If it should rain tomorrow,we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day,I could see it with my own eyes.If you missed the film to night,you would feel sorry.注意问题：1、If 条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的

66、情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。3、在条件句中如果出现 were,had,should 可省去 if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Had the doctor come last night,the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day,I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow,we would stay at home.二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语

67、（should）动词原形，如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 oclock.（宾语从句）We suggested that the meeting should not be held.It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主语从句）The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表语从句）注意：在这种

68、句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：1、wish 后的宾语从句：与现在愿望不一致 主语过去时；与过去愿望不一致 主语had过去分词；与未来愿望不一致 主语would（could）原形。I wish I were you.I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.I wish I met you tomorrow at the party.2、Its time 句型：当 Its time 后用 that 从句时应该为：主语should原形 或 主语

69、过去时，例如：19Its time that you went to school.或 Its time that you should go to school.3、If only 引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish宾语从句”If only he could come!他要能来就好了。If only I had known the answer!我要早知答案就好了。4、would rather,as if（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：Id rather you posted the letter right awa

70、y.Id rather you had returned the book yesterday.She loves the children as if they were hers.Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.5、without,but,but for,otherwise 引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。Without you,I would never know him.But for your cooperation,we wouldnt have done the work so well.But that she w

71、as afraid,she would have said no.I would be most glad to help you,but I am busy now.I would have come to the party yesterday,but I was working.I am busy now,otherwise I would do you the favor!【专项训练】1、It is important that a college student a foreign language.Awill master Bmaster Cmasters Dwould maste

72、r 2、It is strange that she without saying a word.Ashould have gone out Bwent Cshould go out Dgoes out 3、If my lawyer here last Saturday,he me from going.Ahad been,would have prevented Bhad been,would prevent Cwere,would prevent Dwere,would have prevent 4、“He is a brave man.”“Yes,I wish I his courage

73、.”20 Ahave Bhad Cwill have Dmay have 5、If it rain,the crops would be saved.Ashould Bwill Cis going to Dwas to 6、He ordered that the medicine by a special plane.Awas sent Bwould be sent Cshould send Dbe sent 7、If you the medicine,you better now.Atook,would feel Bhad taken,felt Chad taken,would feel D

74、took,would have felt 8、She is my sister,but she often acts as if my mother.Ais Bwas Cwere Dhad been 9、I went to bed early last night,but I wish I so.Adidnt do Bhadnt do Chavent done Dcouldnt do 10、Id rather he tomorrow afternoon.Awill come Bcomes Ccoming Dcame 答案：1、B 2、A 3、A 4、B 5、A 6、D 7、C 8、C 9、B

75、10、D 五、倒装句 英语的基本句型是主语+谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换,称倒装句。倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。一、全倒装:主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词,叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种 情况:1、当 here,there,out,in,up,down 等副词放在句首时,句子需全倒装:There goes the bell!铃响了！There lived an old man.Here comes the bus.注意:在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或 be 动词,像 go,come,mush 等。主语如果是代词时不需倒装如 Away he went.他走远了。2、方位状语在句首,如:21In

76、front of the house stopped a police car.Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.Under the tree sat a boy.3、直接引语在句首,这种情况可倒装也可不倒装 What does it mean?asked the boy 或 the boy asked.二、半倒装:主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装,有以下数种情况:1、否定意义的词在句首,句子半倒装,例如:little,never,not,no,hardly,rarely,seldom Never shal

77、l I forget you.At no time was the man aware of what was happening.Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.2、几对并列连词如 not onlybut also,hardly when 等连接两个并列句,连词 在句首,前句半倒装,后句不倒装:Not only was everything he had taker away from him,but also his German citizenship was taken away.No sooner had

78、 I got to the bus stop than the bus started.注意:not onlybut also 连接两个并列主语时不需倒装,如:Not only you but also I like playing chess.neithernor 在句首时,前后两句都需倒装,Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.3、only 在句首强调状语,主句半倒装:Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this way can I learn from my fault.

79、Only when the war was over in 1918,was he able to get back to work.注意:only 强调主语不倒装:Only the teachers can use the room.4、sothat 句型,so 在句首时,主句倒装,that 从句不倒装:So easy is it that a clild can learn it.So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.22 I saw the film,so did he.1、倒装句（Inversion）英语的基本语序是“主语+谓

80、语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。一、倒装的类型类型例句说明完 全 倒 装Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。整个谓语移至主语之前。部 分 倒 装Seldom does he go to school late.他上学很少迟到。只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。二、倒装结构的基本用法1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装 情 况例句说明疑问句中Have you got a dictionary?你有一本字典吗？Where did he go last M

81、onday?上星期一他去什么地方了？Are you listening to the radio?你在听广播吗？Who told you the news?谁告诉你那个消息的？Which boy broke this glass?哪个男孩子把这个玻璃打破了？用完全或部分倒装，但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序。“there be”结构中There are three wells in our village.我们村里有三口水井。There stands a big paper making factory by the river.河边有座大型造纸厂。在 以 here,He

82、re is a letter for you.使用完全倒装结23情 况例句说明there,now,then,in,away,up down 等副词 开 头 的句子中这儿有你一封信。There goes the bell.铃响了。Now comes your turn to play.现在轮到你玩了。Away went the crowd one by one.人们一个一个地离去。Look,there he comes!看，他来了。Down she went 她下来了。构。但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。在以neither nor 或 no more开 头 的 句子中I cant swim,nor

83、(neither)can she.我不会游泳，她也不会。He hasnt been to the countryside,neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。He did not turn up.No more did his wife.他没有来，他妻子也没有来。表示也不这样，neither 和 nor意思相同，可以替换使用，no more表示动作的程度并不比前面提到的稍强。意为也不。用在 as（尽管）引导的让 步 状 语从句中Proud as the nobles are,he is afraid to see me.尽管这些贵族

84、很傲慢，他却害怕见我。Young as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。从属连句 as 用于特殊语序，含义与though,although相同，但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照，必须用倒装（表语提前）2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。（使句子更加流畅，更加生动）情 况例句说明24情 况例句说明含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时Never before have we seen such a sight.以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。Little did I think that he could be back alive.我没有想到他竟能活着回来。N

85、ot until New Years Day shall I give you a gift.我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。Not only was everything that he had taken away from him,but also his German citizenship.不仅他所有的一切被没收了，而且连他的德国公民权也被剥夺了。常 用 否 定 词 有：never,not,hardly,scarcely seldom,little,not until,not onlybut also,no sooner than,hardly(scarcely)when等。一般主句用部

86、分倒装结构。副词 only放在句首时Only then did he realize his mistakes.只有在那时，他才认识到自己的错误。Only in this way can you learn maths well.只有用这种方法，你才能学好数学。Only Mother can understand me.只有母亲最理解我。Only three of us failed in the exam.我们中只有三个人考试不及格。only 起强调作用，其句型为“only+状语+部分倒装”。如置于句首的 only 修饰主语，则不用倒装结构。虚拟语气条件从句中Were they here,t

87、hey would help us.他们要是在这儿，他们会帮助我们的。Had I been informed earlier.I could have done something.我要是早得到通知，我就能干事了。Should you fail,take more pain and try again.万一你失败了，就要更加刻苦，重新再干。把 从 句 中 if 省 略 将were，had 或 should 放在主语的前面。直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时“He is a clever boy”said the teacher.老师说：“他是个聪明的孩子。”“Go,Dick,go!”cried

88、Tom,“Go home and get help”“走，狄克，走！”汤姆呼喊着，“快回主句主语和谓语次序颠倒，用完全倒装。但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语25情 况例句说明家去求援”“What do you think of the film?”he asked.他问“你认为这部电影怎么样？”“Im leaving for Hongkong next month”Mary told me yesterday.玛利告诉我“我下月要去香港”。长，一般不用倒装。表示祝愿的句子中May you succeed!祝你成功。Long live the Communist Party of Chin

89、a.中国共产党万岁！谓语动词或谓语的一部分放在主语的前面。副词 so 在句首He is interested in pop-songs,and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。They will learn chemistry next term,so will I.他们下学期学化学，我也学。I can drive a car,so can my younger brother.我会开汽车，我弟弟也会开车。表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中。Tom won the first prize for the English competition.So he di

90、d.英语竞赛汤姆获得了一等奖。确实如此。It was cold yesterday.So it was.昨天天气冷。的确冷。如果后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思，不表示也适用于另一人或事，则不用倒装结构。在频度状语often,always,many a time 等开头的句子中Often did we warn them not to do so.我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。Many a time has she helped me with my English.她不止一次地帮助或学习英语。在方式状 Thus ended his life.这样结束了他的生命。26情 况例句说明语 thus

91、 开头的句子中及程度状语 so 放句首So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。介词短语作状语，放在句首In the middle of the room stood a little girl.在房间中央站着一个小女孩。In the distance was a horse.马在远处。在强调表语的句子中Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.阿尔伯特曼因斯坦就是这样一

92、个人，一个纯朴而又取得巨大成就的人。Such is life.生活就是这样。Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.附近有两只他们来这个岛乘坐的独木船。表语提前，不仅为了强调，而且为了使句子结构达到平衡协调，或使上下文紧密衔接。【专项训练】、选择填空1、that we all went out,lying in the sun.AThe weather so fine was BSo fine was the weather CSo the weather was fine DSo was fine weather

93、 2、Under his arm a pair of shoes which he had bought from the shop a few days before.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 3、who had arrested him three times for carrying drugs.ABefore George stood the policeman BBefore George the policeman stood CBefore the policeman stood George DBefore George did the policeman 274

94、、Then we had been looking forward to.Acame the hour Bthe hour came Ccomes the hour Dthe hour is coming 5、Only when he started to explain the reason for this.Ashe realized Bdid she realize Cshe had realized Dhad she realized 6、succeed in doing anything.AOnly by working hard we can BBy only working ha

95、rd we can COnly by working hard can we DOnly we can by working hard 7、Not for a moment the truth of your story.Ahe has doubted Bhe doubts Cdid he doubt Dhe did doubt 8、Nowhere else in the world cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.Aa tourist can find Bcan a tourist find Ca tourist will find Da touris

96、t has found 9、Hardly when the bus suddenly pulled away.Athey had got to the bus-stop Bthey got to the bus-stop Cdid they get to the bus-stop Dhad they got to the bus-stop 10、Mary doesnt speak French,and does Joan.Anot Bneither Ceither Dso 11、Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?I dont know,.A

97、nor dont I care Bnor do I care CI dont care neither DI dont care also 12、Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat is.Aman did know Bman knew Cdidnt man know Ddid man know 13、After that we never saw her again nor from her.Adid we hear Bwe heard 28 Chad we heard Dwe have heard 14、John w

98、on the first prize in the contest.ASo he did.BSo did he.CSo he did,too.DSo did he,too.15、,he doesnt study well.AAs he is clever BHe is as clever CClever as he is DAs clever he is 16、You can never use my tape recorder.time should you touch that machine.AAt no BAt any CAny DNo 17、Scarcely the room the

99、 phone rang.AI had enteredwhen BHad I enteredthen Chad I enteredwhen Dhave I enteredwhen 18、Only save his life.Acan the doctor Bthe doctor can Cwill the doctor Dcould the doctor 19、Hardly anybody the boy,because he is rude.Adoes like Blikes Cdo like Dlike 20、So well that the teacher praised her.Ashe

100、 had done her homework Bher homework had been done Cdid she do her homework Dshe did her homework 21、Only when to know him will you get along with him.Ado you come Bwill you come Cyou come Dyou will come 22、Out ,gun in hand.Adid he rush Brushed he Che rushed Dhad he rushed 23、He had promised me to c

101、ome to the party,and .Aso did he Bso he did Cso he would Dso would he 2924、Into the sky the light blue smoke.Awent up Bup went Cdid go up Dhad gone up 25、Little about his own life at the meeting.Adid he talk Bhe talked Che was talking Dhad he talked 26、Under no circumstances first use nuclear weapon

102、s.Awill China BChina will Cdoes China Ddo China 27、taken that examination,she could have passed it.AWere she BHad she be able to CIf she would have DHad she 28、tomorrow,we would put off the match till next Monday.AShould it rained BWere it to rain CIf it would rain DHad it rained 29、Look,here .AMr.B

103、rown comes Bdoes Mr.Brown come Ccomes Mr.Brown DMr.Brown has come 30、Often us good advice.Adid she give Bshe did give Cshe gave Dshe has given 31、Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.Adidnt I realize Bdid I realize CI didnt realize DI realize 32、Little about his own safety,though he

104、was in great danger himself.Adoes he care Bdid he care Che cares Dhe cared 33、began our new lesson.ABut BThus CSuch DSo that 34、By no means look down upon the poor.Awe should Bwe should not Cdo we Dshould we 3035、Only when 30 years old to learn English.Awas he,did he begin Bhe was,he began Cwas he,h

105、e began Dhe was,did he begin 36、Not once their plan.Adid they change Bthey changed Cchanged they Dthey did changed 37、“Its very hot today.”“.”ASo it is BSo is it CSo does it DSo it does 38、A fish needs water and without water it will die.ASo does a man BSo will a man CSo it is with a man DSo is it w

106、ith a man 39、They arrived at the farmhouse,in front of which.Asat a small boy Ba small boy sat Cis sitting a small boy Da small boy sitting 40、Society has changed and in it.Aso have the people Bso the people have Cthe people have so Dhave the people so、改错41、Only when was he 50 years old did he begin

107、 to learn French.42、Little she knew Tom was was badly ill 43、Turn to the right and there are you.44、And all around the fox in a circle was dogs.45、You can learn English well.So can we.46、I dare climb this tall tree,but do you?47、Not once he kept his promise.48、Many a time he has given us some good a

108、dvice.49、Such a noise there was that I couldnt work in the room.50、Only does my mother understand me.【答案】：31、1、B 2、C 3、A 4、A 5、B 6、C 7、C 8、B 9、D 10、B 11、B 12、D 13、A 14、A 15、C 16、A 17、C 18、B 19、B 20、C 21、C 22、C 23、B 24、A 25、A 26、A 27、D 28、B 29、C 30、A 31、B 32、B 33、B 34、D 35、D 36、A 37、A 38、C 39、A 40、A、

109、41、was he he was 倒装主句不倒装从句。42、She knewdid she know 此句为半倒装句。43、are you you are 此句为全部倒装句如主语是代词则不倒装。44、waswere 主语是 dogs。45、so we can 主语 we 与上一句中的主语 you 所指相同故不同倒装。46、do youdare you 前面句中用情态，后面要呼应。47、he keptdid he keep 48、he hashas he 49、50、去掉 does，将 understand 改为 understands。only 后面跟状语倒装，后跟主语不倒装。六、并列句知识要

110、点：1、熟悉并掌握并列句的结构和常用的并列词的用法；2、注意 while,when 和 for 等作并列连词的用法。什么叫并列句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。并列句的基本句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句 类型说明连接词例句并列关系(联合关系)and,not onlybut(also),I help him and he helps me.我帮助他，他也帮助我。Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her.32并neithernor 等 我们不仅给她写信而且还给她发了电报。Neither I would c

111、onsult him nor he would ask me for advice.我不想与他商量，他也不会征求我的意见。列转折关系 but,yet,still,while,however,when 等 He failed many times,but he didnt despair.他失败多次但并没有气馁。She has difficulty in learning English,however,she works hard and is making rapid progress.她学习英语有困难，然后她学习努力，进步很快。选择关系 or,otherwise or else,eithe

112、ror We must hurry,or well miss the train.我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。Either you come to my place or I go to yours.或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。句因果关系 for,so,thus,therefore,and so We had better stay at home,for it was raining.我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。He didnt work hard,therefore he failed in the examination.他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。有时也可不用连词

113、，而用逗号，分号或冒号 Hurry up,its getting dark.快点，天要黑了。Lets start early,we have a long way to go.我们要早动身，因为路很远。注意：（1）yet 和 still 是连接副词，也叫半连接词。它们是副词。又起连接作用，但不如 and,but,or 等强，用了 yet 或 still，前面还可加 and 或 but。He is tired,(but)still he will make another experiment.他很累，但他仍然要做另一个实验。I got up very early,(and)yet I fail

114、ed to catch the first bus.我起得很早，然而还是没有赶上头班车。（2）while 意义相当于 at the same time 表示相反和对照，常用来连接两个意义对立的分句。I like football,while my sister likes basketball.我喜欢足球，而我姐姐喜欢篮球。when=and then,just then 或 at that time,during the time.We were ready to rush away,when the snake moved.我们正准备离开，这时蛇移动了。while 和 when 作为并列连词

115、使用时常是放在第二个分句前边，并有逗号和第一分句隔开。3、for 表示附加或推断的理由、原因。therefore 比 so 更正式，and so 比较口语化。【专项训练】：33一、用适当的并列连词填空：1、He couldnt know the truth about me,he wouldnt treat me like this.2、The bell is ringing the lesson is over.3、Although he was ill,he kept on working.4、I cant make up my mind we will go to Shanghai we

116、 will stay in our city.5、He doesnt talk much,he thinks a lot.6、It must have rained last night the ground is still wet.7、The president will visit the town in May he will open the new hospital.8、Jane was dressed in green Mary was dressed in blue.9、he did not speak distinctly I did not hear it clearly.

117、10、He is clever,he often makes mistakes.11、did we write to her we called up her.12、He hasnt any money Im going to lend him some.13、The child was sick;he,didnt go to school.14、Mary was neither happy,was she sad.15、Put on more clothes,youll catch cold.二、选择最佳答案：16、Some are reading magazines,others are

118、playing cards.Aor Bfor Cso Dwhile 17、We must get up early tomorrow.well miss the first bus to the Great Wall.Aso Bor Cbut Dhowever 18、I dont like chicken fish.I dont like chicken,I like fish very much.Aand,and Band,but Cor,and Dor,but 19、We want high speed good quality.Aboth,and Beither,or Cneither,

119、nor Dnot,but also 20、In spring it is hot cold here.Aboth,and Beither,or Cneither,nor Dnot only,but 21、does he writes well,he also speaks well.ANot only,but BNot,but 34 CEither,or DBoth,and 22、Use your head,youll work it out.Aso Bor Cand Dfor 23、I want to buy the jacket,I have not enough money with m

120、e.Abut Bso Cor Dfor 24、you I am going to help Tom.AEither,or BNot,but CNot only,and DEach,and 25、The soldier was wounded,he pushed on.Afor Band Cso Dyet 26、Do you know Jim quarrelled with his classmate?I dont know,.Anor dont I came Bnor do I care CI dont care neither DI dont care also 27、He is a tea

121、cher,a singer as well.Abut Bor Cnor Dand 28、should a man have courage,he should have wisdom and knowledge.ANot only,but BNeither,nor CEither,or DBoth,and 29、We have studied English for only one year,we can perform English short plays already.Ayet Bfor Cand Dor 30、She had escaped,the ring had fallen

122、off and been damaged in the great heat of the fire.Aso Bor Cbut Dand 31、The work was difficult,he finished in on time.Abut Bhowever Cotherwise Dtherefore 32、The sky was cloudless the sun was shining.Abut Band Cfor Dso 33、many times,but he still couldnt understand it.AHaving been told BThough he had

123、been told CHe was told DHaving told 34、I was walking along the street I heard someone calling my name.35Awhen Bwhile Cand Dfor 35、To be healthy,you must have a meal too big too small.Aeither,or Bneither,nor Cnot only,but also Dnot,but 36、Both Jane and Ellen,Mary,are studying at the same college.Atoo

124、 Band Cas well Das well as 37、He has never studied English before,we should give him more help.Aand Bor Ctherefore Dbut 38、I see your point of view;,I dont agree with you.Aor Bbut Cso Dstill 39、They must stay in the water they will die.Abut Bso Cotherwise Dand 40、We played outside till sunset it beg

125、an to rain.Awhen Bwhile Cyet Dso 三、改错：41、Although he has great learning,but he always works far into the night.42、Because the boy is very naughty,so Im angry with him.43、Not only he himself works hard but he often helps others.44、It must have rained much of late,because the river is so high.45、They

126、didnt tell me whether I should write to him nor whether I should see him personally.46、If there were no plants,we would have no animals or no meat.47、Now of course I dont want to say anything bad about anyone however have you noticed his strange manners?48、“Im more thankful to you,sir,than I can say

127、”I said,“and but I must make things clear.”49、He neither knows nor cares for what happened.50、He did not like your suggestion,and but he raised no objection(反对).【答案】：一、1、or 2、and 3、still/yet 4、when,or 5、but 6、for 7、when 8、while 9、Either,or 10、however 11、Not only,but 12、so 13、therefore 14、nor 15、or 3

128、6二、16、D 17、B 18、D 19、A 20、C 21、A 22、C 23、A 24、A 25、D 26、B 27、D 28、A 29、A 30、C 31、B 32、B 33、C 34、A 35、B 36、D 37、C 38、D 39、C 40、A 四、41、去掉 but 或改为 yet 42、去掉 so 43、he 前加 does；workswork 44、becausefor 45、noror 46、orand 47、howeverbut 48、去掉 and 49、去 for 50、去掉 and 或把 but 改为 yet 或 still 七、定语从句一、定语从句1定语从句三步：第一

129、找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关联词。2定语从句在选择关连词 that 与 which 时，常常容易出错，所以应记住什么时候只能用 that，什么时候只能用 which.（1）只能用 that 的情况归纳 4 种：即先得词被序数词最高级修饰过；先行词为 all、everything、nothing 等不定代词；先行词同时是人和物并列时；最后先行词分别被 the only、the very the same、the last 修饰。请看下列四组例句，注意其先行词：The first thing that we should do is to

130、work out a plan.I t almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that he knew at this lesson.Later my father and Mr.Crosset talked for about half an four of things and persons that they remembered in school.This is the very dictionary that I want to find.（2）只用 which is 情况有两种情况：一是非限制性

131、定语从句，关连词要用 which；二是做介词宾语时只能用 which。请看下列两组例句：I said nothing,which made him more angry.I have the book about which you are talking.三、在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which 和 as 是容易混淆的。在很多情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换：1、通常 As 可以放在整句的句首，而 which，只能在逗号之后，as 本身含有“正如”，as 在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语 37As appear from her paper,she has read widely

132、 in Romantic literature.She is remarkable,as I have told you.2、which 在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思，如：she has warried again,which surprises us.四、在定语从句中，许多人往往分不清 all that 和 what,what 实际上只引导名词性从句，它相当于 all that 两个字，例如：All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place

133、.=what I know is that 一、限定性定语从句：种类先行词关联词例句说明定语从句（人）在从句中做主语或宾语物在从句中做主语或宾语who which This is the doctor who saved the boys life.这就是救了孩子生命的医生。She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you.她就是我要介绍给你的新学生Please pass me the book which is lying on the table.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。The novel which Tom bought is

134、 very interesting.汤姆买的小说很有意思。Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday?你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？who 在从句中做主语 whom 在从句中做宾语，口语中 who 可以代替whom，也可以被省去，但做介词宾语时只能用whom which 在从句中做主语。which 充当宾语时可以省去。which 做介词宾语不可省种类先行词 关联词例句说明定人whose The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr.Williams

135、 那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。whose 在从句中做定语指某人的也可以用38语从句或物的The professor,the daughter of whom teaches you English is Dr.Williams.The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。=The bike the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired of whom 代替 whose 指物时也可以用of which 代替 whose 人或that

136、 The woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang.正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。Id like to see the films that are just on show.我想看那些刚上映的电影。that 指人做主语 that 指物做主语 种类先行词 关联词例句说明物all,little much 和some,any every,no 构 成 的合 成 代词人that that They talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remember in the scho

137、ol.他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事，谈了大约有半个小时。Ill tell you all(that)I know about it.我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。Is there anything(that)I can do for you?有什么我可以帮助做的事吗？Ive brought everything(that)you need.我把你需要的东西都拿来了。This is the best film that I have seen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。The first place that well visit is Beijing Library.我们要参观

138、的第一个地方是北京图书馆先行词分别表示人和物，关系代词要用that，不用 who 或which 先行词表示物，关系代 词 用 that 不 用which,在从句中做宾语可省去。如果先行词是人时，关系代词不受制约，用that 或 who(whom)均可先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时定语从句用 that39或物引导。定语从句人或物that He is the only person that is believable.他是唯一可靠的人。John is the very person that she wants to see.约翰正是她要见的人。Who is the man that is

139、talking with Tom?正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁？Which of the books that you bought is easy to read?你买的那些书中哪一本容易读。先行词被 the only,the very,the same 等修饰时用关系代词that.当 主 句 以 who、which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句要用 that 40时间when He came at a time when we.needed him most.他在我们最需要的时候来了。Well never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of C

140、hina was founded.我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。在定语从句中作时间状语注：先行词是 time,minute,moment,next tim 很少用关系副词 when,可用 that 但通常省去。地点where This is the room where he put up for the night.这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子。在定语从句中作地点状语原因理由why I know the reason why she studies so well.我知道她学习好的原因。在定语从句中作原因状语（2）非限制性定语从句种类先行词 关联词例句说明非限制性定人物没有固定的先

141、行词而who whom which which George,who is my classmate,has won a scholarship.乔治获得了奖学金，他是我的同学。Dr.Li,whom I know very well,will come here tomorrow.李大夫明天将来这儿，我跟他很熟悉。I gave him a New Year card,which he enjoyed very much.我给他一张贺年卡，他很喜欢它。He studies hard at school when he was young,which leads to his success in

142、 his later life.他年轻时在校学习努力，这导致who,whom 不能省去，也不能用that 代替 which 指物，不可省去，也不能用 that 代替 which 作主语指它前面的整个句子，不可用 that 代替，强调结果。41语从句是一个句子as 了他后来生活中的成功。He gets up early，as is always his habit.他总是早起床，这是他的习惯。John was admitted into the college,as we had expected.约翰被大学录取了，这是我们期待的。The earth,as is known to all,is

143、round.人人皆知，地球是圆的。as 指全句，在从句中做主语。as 指全句意思，在从句中做宾语。as 引导的定语从句可以放在句首，句中或句末。This is the same book as I lost yesterday.这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。用 于 the same as,such as,asas 等结构中。（3）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标 点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开 从句和主句之间通

144、常用逗号分开42关系代词指人 who(that)whom 指物 which(that)人和物 whose 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人 who（作主语）whom（做宾语）指物 which 人和物的 whose 关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面 定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子【专项训练】1Football is a very interesting game,is played all over the world Athat Bwhich Cit Dwho 2Is there anything els

145、e you require?Awhich Bthat Cwho Dwhat 3The last placewe visited was the Great Wall Awhich Bthat Cwhere Dit 4He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school Awhich Bwho Cit Dthat 5The reailway tunnel,thoughthe train goes,will be completed soon Awhich Bthat Cit Dwhom 6Hi

146、s uncle works in a factorybicycles are made Athat Bwhich 43Cwhere Dthere 7There is no dictionary you can find everything Athat Bwhich Cwhere Din that 8Next month,youll spend in your hometown is coming Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere 9Next month,youll be in your hometown is coming Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere

147、 10I often thought of my childhood,I lived on a farm Awhich Bwhere Cwhen Dwho 11He wanted to know the time he needed to know Athat Bwhen Cwhere Dwhat 12There isnt so much noise in the country in big cities Athat Bwhich Cwhere Das 13They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple Engli

148、sh Athat Bwhich Cas Dwhat 14The stems of bamboo are hollowmakes them very light Awhich Bas Cthat Dit 15Crusoes dog hecame ill and died,made him very lonely Aas Bwhich Cthat Dthis 16Theyve invited me to their party,is kind of them Aas Bwhich 44CThat Dthis 17we know now,bats come out only at night AAs

149、 BWhich C That DWhat 18John got beaten in the game,had been expected Aas Bthat Cwhat Dwho 19has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules AWhich BWhat CThat DAs 20Do you know the reason he was late?Athat Bwhich Cfor what Dfor which 21He built a telescope he could study the skies Ain which Bwith

150、 that Cthrough which Dby it 22I have bought two ballpens,writes well Anone of which Bneither of which Cnone of them Dneither of them 23There are two thousand students in our school,are girls Aof whom two thirds Btwo-thirds of them Ctwo-third in them Dtwo-thirds in which 24Do you know the man?Awhom I

151、 spoke Bto who I spoke CI spoke to Dthat I spoke 25The factorywell visit next week isnt far from here Awhere Bin which Cwhich Dto which 26This is one of the best films this year Ahave been shown Bthat have shown 45Cthat have been shown Dwhich has been shown 27Can you lend me the book the other day?A

152、you talked about Babout that you talked Cthat you talked Dwhich you talked 28Is there any one in you class family is in the city Awho Bwhos Cwhich Dwhose 29Ill never forget the days we stayed together Awhen Bin which Cwhich Dwhat 30Is some German friends visited last week?Athis school Bthis the scho

153、ol Cthis school one Dthis school where 31Ill tell you he told me last month Aall which Ball what Cthat all Dall 32Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday?Afor why Bfor that Cwhich Dwhy 33I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress Awhich Bin which Con that Don which 34Ill show

154、you a store you may buy all you need Ain which,/Bwhere,which Cwhich,that Dthat,that 35Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long Awhere Bwhen Cthat Don which 36The train she was travelling was late Awhich Bon which 46Cfor which Don that 37The second World War millions of peopl

155、e were killed ended in 1945 Aduring which Bin that Cwhere Don which 38Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?Athat B/Cwhich Dit 39This is the best hotel in the city I know Awhich Bthat Cwhere Dit 40Ive read all the books were borrowed from the library Athat B/Cwhich Dthey 41The scientist and his ach

156、ievementsyou told me about are admired by us all Awhich Bwho Cthat Dwhose 42She hasnt got enough money to buy the rings Awhich Bthat Cwith which Dfor which 43Finally came the day he bad to beging his study for the next term Awhich Bsince Cthat Dtill 44We hope to get such a tool he is using Awhich Ba

157、s Cthat Dwhere 45Is there anything to you Athat is belonged Bthat belongs Cwhich belongs Dthat belong 46You can take any seat is free Awhich Bwhere 47Cthat Din which 47The old woman has two sons,one is a teacher Aof them Bof which Cof whom Dof who 48My hometown is no longer the same it used to be Aw

158、hich Bas Cthat Dlike 49You may take anything useful Ayou want Bwhat you want Cyou want them Dwhich you want 50He tore up my photo and upset me Athat Bit Cwhich Dwhat 51During the days,he worked as a servant at the Browns Afollowed Bfollowing Cto follow Dthat followed 52The beautiful dress Miss Jones

159、 went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers Athat Bwearing which Cworn by Din which 53The clever boy made a hole in the wall,he could see what was going on inside the house Ain which Bthrough which Cat which Don which 54The brave man,the tiger was shor is a good bunter Aby which Bby whom Cb

160、y that Dof whom 55The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp Awith which Bwith it Cwith that Dwhich【答案】：1 B 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 C 4811 A 12 D 13 C 14 A 15 B 16 B 17 A 18 A 19 D 20 D 21 C 22 B 23 A 24 C 25 C 26 C 27 A 28 D 29 A 30 B 31 D 32 D 33 D 34 A 35 B 36 B 37 A 38 A 39 B 40

161、 A 41 C 42 C 43 C 44 B 45 B 46 C 47C 48 B 49 A 50A 51 D 52 D 53 B 54 B 55 A 八、名词性从句知识要点：1、熟悉并掌握各个连接词、关系代词和连接副词的用法。2、熟悉并掌握复合句即名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句。什么叫复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。从句通常是用关联词来引导的。在这里关联词还起联系从句和主句的作用。主从复合句（Complex Sentences）一、从句的种类：主语从句（Subje

162、ct Clauses）1、名词性从句 表语从句（Predicative Clauses）Noun Clauses 宾语从句（Object Clauses）同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）2、定语从句（Attributive Clauses）3、状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）注：以 it 作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用的句型有：（1）It+be+形容词+that 从句（2）It+be+名词词组+that 从句（3）It+be+过去分词+that 从句（4）It seem,happen 等不及物动词+that 从句二、常用的关联词1、从属连词 that（无词义）

163、；whether 是否；if 假如，是否 although(though)虽然；because 因为 when 当时候；before 在前；after 在后 since 既然，自从；as 正如，尽管，一边，由于；while 在期间 49 as soon as 一就；as long as 只要；as if 好像 2、连接代词 who,whom,which,what,whose 3、连接副词 when,where,why,how 4、关系代词 who,whom,whose,which,that 5、关系副词 when,where,why 1、主语从句：种类关联词例句说明连that That he

164、will come and help you is certain.他来帮助你是确实无疑的。that 在句首不可省去 词whether Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。主 语 从 句 中 只 能 用whether 不可用 if。主语连接代词who what which whatever What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.谁能赢

165、得这场比赛还不得而知。主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般 从句连接副词when where why how It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。2、宾语从句：种类关联词例句说明陈述意义 that I believe(that)he is honest.我相信他是忠诚的。We must neve

166、r think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的 that 不可省。宾疑问 I wonder whether he will come or not.whether 常与 or not 连50种类关联词例句说明意义 if whether 我想知道他来还是不来。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.

167、一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。I dont know if(whether)it is interesting.我不知道它是否有意思。He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.他不在乎天气是否好。用，不能用 if 代替。作 介 词 宾 语 要 用whether 不能用 if。从句是否定句时一般用 if引导。语特殊疑问意义 who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever Please tell me what you want.请告诉我你需要什么？She always t

168、hinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语。从注 1 We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用 it 作形式宾语，将从句后置。句注 2 We dont think you are here.我们认为你不在

169、这。I dont believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。think,believe,imagine,suppose 等动词引出的宾语从句，要将从句中的否定形式，移动主句中。3、表语从句：种类关联词例句说明表连词that whether as if The problem is(that)they cant get here early enough.问题是他们不能很早到达这里。It looks as if its going to rain.看起来天要下雨。在非正式的文体中 that 可以省去。51语从连接代词who what which Thats just wha

170、t I want.这正是我想要的。The question is who(which of you)will be the next speaker.问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。表语从句位于主句系动词之后句连接副词when where why how This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。4、同位语从句：种类关联词例句说明同位语从句由 连 词that 引导，不 担 任 成分，也可有when,how,where 等引导。The news

171、that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词

172、如：fact,news,idea,hope,thought,question,order,fear,doubt,word,proof，belief,story 等。名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表词从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。名词性从句的特点：that、who、whom、what、whether 及 when、where 引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序：1、主词从句：That light travels in straight line is known to all.(That 引导主语从句不可省）When the plan is to take off hasnt been anno

173、unced 主语从句通常以 it 做形主语出现 It was my fault that I had him play foatball all faternoon.It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.522、表语从句，即名词性从句放在表语位置就是表语从句，需要注意的，主语 是 reason 时，表语要用 that 引导而不是 because The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute th

174、is morning.3、宾语从句 that 常可以省略，并且注意时态呼应，当主句为过去时时，从句 时态一定往前推移，不可出现现在时或现在完成时。The teacher told us that Tomo had left us for America 4、同位语从句注意与定语从句区别，同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在 从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如：The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong(同位 idea 在从句中 无位置，而从句只是具体说明 idea 的内容）。The idea th

175、at you put forward at the meeting is wrong(定语从句，idea 做 put forward 的宾语)。【专项训练】1I wonder how much Acost these shoes Bdo these shoes cost Cthese shoes cost Dare these shoes cost 2Nobody knew Awhere he comes Bwhere he was from Cwhere he is from Dwhere does he come from 3Excuse me,would you please tell

176、me Awhen the sports meet will be taken place Bwhen was the sports meet going to be held Cwhen is the sports meet to begin Dwhen the sports meet is to take place 4Cornputers can only give cut has been stored in them.Athat Bwhich Cwhat Danything 5She wanted to knowAwhether I knew her and where did she

177、 work Bif I knew her and the factory she worked there Cwherther I knew her and the factory she worked 53Dif I knew her and the factory where she worked 6My friend wouldnt tell me his new car Ahow much he paid for Bhow much did he pay Che paid how much for Ddid he pay how much 7A simple experiment sh

178、ows air has some strength Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwho 8Heyou are not going abroad Asurprised that Bis surprised that Csurprised at Dis surprised whether 9Father asked Awhat was wrong with me Bwhats wrong with me Cwhat wrong was with me Dwhat wrong is with me 10It doesnt matter I rest or not Aif Bwhether

179、 Cthat Dwhen 11The trouble is we are short of tools Awhat Bthat Chow Dwhy that 12That is there appears a rainbow in the sky Awhat Bwhen Cwhy Dhowever 13I cant understand is he wants to change his mind AThat,that BWhich,what CWhat,what DWhat,why 14It is possible he misunderstood I said Athat,that Bwh

180、at,what Cwhat,that Dthat,what 15The thought he might fail in the exam worried him Awhich Bthat 54Cwhen D/16The fact he is an orphan is well known Awhat Bthat Cwhich D/17I was free that evening AIt happened to BIt happened that CThat happened DIt was happened that 18I will accept the gift is none of

181、your business AIf BWhether CWhat DWhich 19I have will be yours sooner or later ANo matter what BNo matter whatever CWhatever DThat 20He always thinks he can do more for the people Aof how Bhow Cof that Dwhy 21in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday AIt says BIt is said CI

182、t has said DHe is said 22We think it important college students should master at least one foreign language Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhether 23Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on he saw and heard in Britain Awhat Ball what Cthat Dwhich 24The town is no longer it was ten years ago Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhe

183、n 25told yuou that was lying Awho Bwhoever 55CAnyone DThe person 26Word cameI was wanted at the office Awhich Bwhy Cthat Dwhether 27nothing to do with us AWhat he did is BWhat he has done CWhat did he do DWhat he has done has 28The problem is will go Athat Bthat who Cwho Dwhoever 29there is life on

184、another planet is almost impossible AHow BThat CWhy DWhether 30was a well-known fact AThat their team was weak BThat their team being weak CTheir team was weak DIf their team was weak【答案】：1 C 2 B 3 D 4 C 5 D 6 A 7 B 8 B 9 A 10 B 11 B 12 C 13 D 14 D 15 B 16 B 17 B 18 B 19C 20 A 21 B 22 B 23 A 24 C 25

185、 B 26C 27 D 28 C 29 B 30 A 九、状语从句 Adverbial Clauses 知识要点：状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种。1、时间状语从句 2、地点状语从句 3、原因状语从句 4、目的状语从句 5、结果状语从句 6、条件状语从句 7、方式状语从句 568、让步状语从句 9、比较状语从句 1、时间状语从句 种类 从属连词例句说明时when whenever When I came into the room,he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。We sha

186、ll go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。when 指的是“某一具体的时间”。whenever 指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。间状when I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。when 意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并 列 句,这 种 用 法 的when 分句一般位于句末。语while While it was raining,they

187、 went out.天下雨的时候，他们出去了。I stayed while he was away.他不在的时候我在。while 指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。从as He hurried home,looking behind as he went.他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。as 引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。句before Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生。before 译为在之前 after He arrived after the game started.

188、比赛开始后，他到了。till We waited till(until)he came back.我们一直等到他回来。如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”种类 从属连句例句说明57时until She didnt stop working until eleven oclock.她到 11 点钟才停止工作。Until he had passed out of sight,she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直才”“在以前不”,从句放在句首表 示 强 调，一 般 用until 间状since as soon

189、as Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从 1978 年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。As soon as I arrive in Shanghai,Ill write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。语从句hardlywhen no soonerthan I had hardly got home when it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rai

190、n.No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.我们刚到车站，火车就走了。Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。hardly when 和 no soonerthan 的意义相当于as soon as,但只表 示 过 去 发 生 的 事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如 hardly 或 no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。every time,by the time,the moment 等Every time I tr

191、avelled by boat,I got seasick.我每次乘船都晕船。The moment I heard the song,I felt cheerful.我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。Next time you come,youll see him.下次你来的时候，就会见到他。在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。地点where wherever Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Where there is water there is life.where 与 wherever 意义基

192、本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书58状语从句哪里有水，哪里就有生命。You are free to go wherever you like.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。Wherever you go,you must obey the law.无论你去哪都要遵守法律。面语。原因状because I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。because 用来回答 why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后语从句since Since everyone is here,lets begin our meetin

193、g.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。since 表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首种类 从属连句例句说明原因as As he didnt know much English,he looked up the word in the dictionary.由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。状语从句now that,seeing that Now(that)the weather has cleared up,we can start our journey.鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。Seeing(that

194、)he was badly ill,we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。seeing(that),now that 和 since,as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that 可以省去。目的状that so that I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判目的

195、状语从句中常用情态动词 may(might)can(could),should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号59语从句in order that lest=for fear that 断。They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time.他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。Put on more clothes lest(=for fear that)you should catch cold.多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。结果状so t

196、hat sothat We turned up the radio,so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了新闻。He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。so that 前有逗号为结果状语从句。sothat 的 so 后面跟形容词或副词。语从句suchthat He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。It is such an interesting

197、novel that all of us want to read it.It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。suchthat 的 such 后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用 such a/anthat 还可以转换用 sothat，语气较强 种类 从属连句例句说明条件if unless Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。We shall go there tomor

198、row unless it rains.除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。=We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt unless 从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless 和 ifnot 同义，unless 是书面语，ifnot 是口语，通常二者可以换用。条件状语从句中的谓语60状语从句as/so long as in case so far as rain.So/As long as you work hard,you will succeed.只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。In case I forget,please remind me about it.

199、万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。So far as I know,the book will be published next month.据我所知，那本书下月出版。动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。方式状语从句as as if as though Draw a cat as I taught you.按照我教你的画一只猫。Do as you are told.按照人家告诉你做的去做。She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好象是生病了。He acted as if(though)nothing had happened.他的行动就好象什么也没有发生

200、。They treat the black boy as if(though)he were an animal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。此处 as 译为，按照或正如as if 或as though 的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。让步状语though although Although(Though)he was over sixty,(yet)he began to learn French.虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语。We were not tired though(although)we had worked all day

201、.虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与 yet 或still 连 用。though/although 意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。61从句even if even though Ill go even if(though)it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。even if 和 even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。种类 从属连词例句说明让步as Child as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。

202、Cold as it is,(=Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。as 引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though 或 although 引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。状语从no matter(who,what when,where which,how)Do it no matter what others say.不管别人怎么说,尽管干。No matter how busy he was,he studied English every day.不管他多忙，他都每天坚

203、持学习英语。No matter who takes up the matter for me,I shall be very grateful.不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。no matter 与 who-ever 引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。句wh ever(whatever whoever whenever whichever however)Whatever happens/may happen,we shall not lose heart.无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。Whoever comes,he will

204、be welcome.无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。whever 从句中的动词有时可以和 may 连用。判断 whever 引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。62不 可 将 no matter 与whever 连用 比较状语asas not so/as as the same as suchas Mary is as old as my sister.玛利和我姐姐一样大。He doesnt run so(as)fast as Jack(does).他不如杰克跑得那样快。His book is the same as mi

205、ne.他的书和我的一样。Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用 asas 否定句可用 not asas 或not soas 从句than She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.她今年比去年进步更大。He bought fewer books than I(did).他买的书比我买的少。表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。种类 从属连句例句说明比较状语从句the more the more T

206、he more you read,the better you understand.你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。The more tickets you sell,the more money you will get.你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。The sooner,the better.越快越好。The warmer,the better.越暖和越好。the morethe more 意思为越越，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个 the

207、都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。63特殊形式的状语从句that We are sure(that)the four modernization will be realized in China.我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。Im sorry(that)I didnt have time to write you sooner.很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。I am afraid that I cant go with you.恐怕我不能同你一起去了。that 引导的从句，往往跟在一个做表语的形容词后面，从句概念上看是宾语，所以有

208、的语法家把它看做是宾语从句，但结构上看，也可以把它看作是一个特殊的状语从句，用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。【专项训练】：、选择填空：1、You like sports Id like to read.Awhen Bwhile Cbut Dyet 2、we were singing,the teacher came in.ABefore Bafter CAs DUntil 3、I was about to leave my house the phone rang.Awhile B when Cas Dafter 4、They did not stop fightingther

209、e was no enemy left.Auntil Bafter Cwhen Dsince 5、I have not seen him he went to college.Awhen Bbefore Cas Dsince 6、It is five dayswe came here.Awhen Bbefore Cas Dsince 7、It was not long he got to know it.Awhen Bbefore Cafter Duntil 8、We shall go we are free.Awhenever Bwhatever Cwherever Dhowever 9、I

210、 live I must serve the people heart and soul.AWhen BSo long as CAs soon as DOn condition 6410、I was reading a novel he was watchingTV.Awhen Bwhile Cbefore Das 11、Put the medicine you can easily get it.Aso that Bwhere Cwhich Dthere 12、We will go the Party wants us to go.Awherever Bthere Cto the place

211、 Dwhich 13、there is a will there is a way.AWhen BWhere CWhether DHow 14、I am going you went last week.Awhere Bwherever Cwhen Dthe place 15、you go,you should bear the motherland in your mind.AWhere BWherever CWhatever DHowever 16、weather permits,well have an outing.AFor BThough CWhile DIf 17、You wont

212、 succeed harder.Aunless you will work Bunless you work Cunless you dont work Dif you wont work 18、I wonder if heus,and I think if he us well be able to complete the task ahead of time.Ahelps,helps Bwill help,helps Chelps,will help Dwill help,will help 19、I dont like to be interrupted if I.Aspeak Bwi

213、ll speak Cam speaking Dspoke 20、If you this experiment you will understand the theory better.Awill be doing Bhave done Cwill have done D would do 21、I would like to do it I like it.Asince Bbecause Cbecause of Dnow that 22、everybody is here,Lets set off.ASince BBecause CFor DAfter 23、It was he was il

214、l that he was absent yesterday.Abecause Bas Csince Dnow that 6524、it is raining,we had better take a taxi.AFor BAs CBecause of DWhen 25、“Why cant you do it now?”“Im too busy.”ASince BAs CBecause DFor 26、He must have passed this way,here are his footprints.Asince Bbecause of Cnow that Dfor 27、everybo

215、dy is here,Lets begin our meeting.ANow that BBecause CFor DWhen 28、His speech made deep impression on the audience that they could hardly forget it.Asuch a Bso a Cso Dsuch 29、They worked hard they finished their work ahead of time.Aso Bso that Csuch that Dso as to 30、He was weak he couldnt stand up.

216、Asuch,that Bso,that Cvery,that Dso,as to 31、The foreigner spokehis interpreter could hardly catch his words.Asuch fast that Bso fast Cso fast that Dso fastly that 32、The book is it gives a wrong idea of the facts.Aso writing that Bsuch written that Csuch writing that Dso written that 33、The house co

217、st we didnt buy it.Aso much money that Bso many money that Csuch much money that Dsuch many money that 34、It is all of us can do it.Aso easy exercise that Bsuch easy an exercise Csuch easy exercise Dso easy an exercise that 35、She has she remembers all the names of the students she has taught.Aso go

218、od memory that Bsuch a good memory that Csuch good memory that Dgood memory 36、They stopped at Tianjing they might visit the TV tower.66Aso Bbecause Cso that Din order 37、We all got up early we might start at six.Ain order that Bin order to Cso Dso as to 38、Let the dog loose so that it have a run.As

219、hould Bmust Ccould Dneed 39、clearly so that your teacher you correctly.AWrite,can understand BHaving written,can understand CTo write,could understand DWriting,will understand 40、He started early so that he there in time.Acould get Bgot Chad got Dwould have got 41、it was late,she went on working.ATh

220、ough BBecause CSince DWhether 42、we fail,we trying.AEven if,dont stop BEven though,wont stop CEven,will not stop DEven although,shall never stop 43、the pain was bad,he did not complain.AAlthough,but BThough,but CThough,yet DEven,still 44、physics,he likes maths better.AAs he much likes BMuch as he li

221、kes CMuch likes as he DLikes much as he 45、telephones,tell him Im out.ANo matter whoever BWho CWhoever DAnyone 46、Well carry the reform to the end happens.Ano matter how Bwhatever Canything Dno matter which 47、It takes time to go there by plane than by ship.Afar fewer Bfar less Cmuch fewer Dmore les

222、s 48、He is taller than in his class.67Aothers Ball the students Cany other one Dthe other 49、it was finished in time.AAs the work was difficult BDifficult as the work was CDifficult as was the work DAs was the work difficult 50、I am sorry I have caused so much trouble.Athat Bfor Cas Dsince 51、he cam

223、e,he would bring us a lot of flowers.AEvery times Bone time CEvery time DOnce a time 52、Ill tell him about it I see him.Aas soon as Bso soon as Cwhile Das 53、I had hardly sat down the telephone rang Athan Bwhen Cas Dafter 54、Sit you like.Awhere Bat the place Cas Dwherever 55、he wasnt ready in time,w

224、e went without him.ASince BAs CFor DBecause of 56、All plants need air they need water.Alike Bas if Cas Dso 57、Work hard you can succeed.Ain order to Bso that Cfor fear that Din case 58、If you I will go with you.Ago to Bwent Cwill Dshould go 59、The hard he works,he will make.Athe greater Bthe greater

225、 progress Cand the more Dmore 60、we have thought it over,well take steps.ATill,not BWhen,no CUntil,any DUntil,no、改错1、It wont matter even he refuses.682、Jim imagined that the whole world knew of his achievements,when in fact only a few people had heard of it.3、He realized that his house must have bee

226、n broken into the minute he got home and saw that everything was in a mess.4、He was looking for the dictionary whenever he thought he might have put it.5、No matter if he is free,he must go to the library.6、I have not missed a play or a concert when I was seventeen years old.7、Next time that I plan t

227、o travel in London,Im going to take a plane.8、Im not going to talk on the point any further,though it is neither important nor very interesting.9、Much since I like all the books,I cant afford to buy them.10、Alic was waiting for the bus then she noticed a thief running out of a shop.11、It has been tw

228、o and a half months ago since he left.12、Though the work was difficult,but we managed to finish it in time.13、The test shows that Jack has a much quicker mind than any student in his class.14、He left for Guangzhou by train last Monday.He ought to have arrived,I think.15、They wrote to the boss in ord

229、er they could improve their working conditions.16、He goes fishing wherever he has time,which is not often.17、I dont know when he comes tomorrow.If he comes,let me know at once.18、When you read a book,youd better make a mark that you have any questions.19、Ships are much more slower than planes that f

230、ew people take them on business.20、She has such little education that she is unfit for the job.【答案】：、1、B 2、C 3、B 4、A 5、D 6、D 7、B 8、A 9、B 10、B 11、B 12、A 13、B 14、A 15、B 16、D 17、B 18、B 19、C 20、B 21、B 22、A 23、A 24、B 25、C 26、D 27、A 28、A 29、B 30、B 31、C32、D 33、A 34、D 35、B 36、C 37、A 38、C 39、A 40、A 41、A 42、B

231、 43、C 44、B 45、C 46、B 47、B 48、C 49、B 50、A 51、C 52、A 53、B 54、D 55、B 56、C 57、B 58、C 59、B 60、D、1、even 后加 if 2、whenwhile 3、minutemoment 4、wheneverwherever 5、if whether 6、when since 7、that 去掉或改为 when 8、thoughbecause 9、sinceas 6910、thenwhen 11、ago 去掉 12、but 去掉 13、any 后加 other 14、15、order 后加 that 16、whereve

232、rwhenever 17、第一个 comeswill come（宾从时态不限）18、thatwhere 19、more 去掉 20、suchso 十、“It”的用法和“There be”结构知识要点：一、代词 it 用法例句代替前文提到过的东西或事情，用作人称代词。This is a new dictionary.I bought it yesterday.这是一本新词典，我昨天买的。Tom joined the army last mouth.Do you know about it?汤姆上月入伍了，你知道这事吗？代替指示代词，起着 this 或 that的作用Is this your ca

233、r?No,it isnt.这是你的汽车吗？不是。Whats that?Its a video.那是什么？它是一台录像机。Whose room is this?It is theirs.这是谁的房间，是他们的。指明某人或某物的身分，还可指不明性别的婴儿Whos there?Its me.(Its John)谁在那儿？是我。（是约翰）Go and see who it is that rings.Its Bill.去看看是谁来的电话，是比尔。The Greens have a new baby.Its lovely.格林家有一个新生婴儿。它很可爱。指时间，距离，自然现象（天气，气候，明暗）量度，价

234、值等Its Sunday today.今天是星期天。Its three months since he came here.自从他来到这里，已经三个月了。How far is it to the Great Wall.到长城有多远？Its getting dark.天快黑了。How much is the coat?Its ninety dollars.这件衣服多少钱？九十美元。二、引导词 it 用法例句代替不定 It is up to you to decide.这事要由你决定。70用法例句形 式短语It makes me happy to hear you have recovered.听

235、说你恢复了健康，这使我很高兴。式主代替动名词短语Its no good smoking.吸烟没有好处。Its worthwhile working the whole night on the problem.用整夜的时间来研究那个问题是值得的。语代替主语从句It doesnt matter what you do.你干什么都没有关系。It seems that everyone has known the news.好象大家都知道这个消息。形式代替不定式短语I consider it better to be early.我认为能够早一些更好。We found it impossible t

236、o get there before July.我们觉得，要在七月以前到达那里是不可能的。宾语代替动名词短语We thought it no use doing that.我们认为做那事没有用。代替宾语从句The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time.老师清楚地指出，每个人都应该按时交作业。三、it 在强调结构中 强调句型：It is(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+其它 强调 部分 例句说明主 语 It is I who am to blame.是我该受责怪。It was y

237、our uncle that(who)came yesterday.昨天来的是你叔叔。原句的谓语动词如果是现 在 或 将 来 时 态 用 It is that(who)如果原句谓语动词是过去时态，则用 It wasthat(who)。在 宾 语 It was a new pen that Mother gave me.母亲给我的是一支新钢笔。强调时间，地点，原因或方 式 时 不 要 用 when,where,how,必须用 that。71地点 It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.我把雨伞就落在了教室里。状时间 It is at ele

238、ven that the train leaves.火车是在十一点钟离开。方式 It was just as he ordered that I acted.我正是照他吩咐的那样做的。语 原因 It was because he was in trouble that I tried my best to help him.正是因为他处境困难我才尽力帮助他。宾 补 It was red that we painted the gate.我们把门油漆成红的颜色。It was chairman that they elected him.他们选他担任的是主席的职务。there be 结构 基本句型

239、结构例句there 肯定句 there be+主+其它 There is a map on the wall.墙上有张地图。be 否定句 there be+not+主+There is not a map on the wall.其它墙上没有地图。结构 一般疑问句 be+there+主+其 Is there a map on the wall?它墙上有地图吗？肯定与否定Yes,there is.No,there isnt.回答是的，有 不，没有特殊疑问 特殊疑问词+be+How many maps are there on the wall?句及回答 there+主+其它 墙上有多少张地图？T

240、here are two.有两张 注1：There be 句型也可以由其它动词代替 be，常用的词有 seem to be,happen to be,appear to be,used to be 等词组或用 live,come,stand,lie,72occur,exist,flow 等动词。There seems to be much hope of our team beating theirs.好象我们队很有希望打败他们队。Only there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前有一位老渔夫住在海边的一个村子里。注2：Th

241、ere be 之后如有几个并列主语时，用 is 或用 are 要取决于第一个主语是单数还有复数，单数用 is,复数则用 are.There is a pen,a pencil and two books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔，一支铅笔和两本书。There are two books,a pen and a pencil on the desk.桌上有两本书，一支钢笔和一支铅笔。【专项训练】it 的用法 1、“Do you like fish?”“Yes,I like.”A Bit Cthat Dthem 2、today?AHow is it BWhat is it CWhat

242、 is it like DHow is the weather.3、“Do you want a watch?”“.”AYes,I want it.BYes,I want one.CNo,Ive got it.DNo,Ive got the watch.4、“Whose exercise-book is that?”“hers”AThat is BThis is CIts DIts 5、wont take long to get to Shanghai by air.AThat BHe CIt DThis 6、What he has done helps us a lot,?Aisnt he

243、Bdoesnt he Cisnt it Ddoesnt it 7、We all thought no use doing that.Ait Bthat Cthis Dthere 738、I took it for grantedyou would come to our party.Awhen Bwhy Cfor what Dthat 9、How happy to be able to study and live together with you!Athat will be Bis it Cwill it be Dit will be 10、I thought it to be.Ahim

244、Bhe Cits Dshe 11、very foolish of you to say so.AIts BIts CThats DThis 12、Its not his habit for things.Aasks Bask Cto ask Dasked 13、It has been a great honour coming to visit me.Athey Byou Cshe Dhe 14、I found to hear what he said.Athat difficulty Bit difficulty Cthat difficult Dit difficult 15、He is

245、fifty,but doesntAlook at it Blook for it Clook it Dlook him 16、It was who telephoned me yesterday.Ahim Bhis Chimself Dhe 17、The sentence is wrong.Aits Bit Citself Dits 18、is no doubt that he will succeed in his experiment.AIt BThis CThat DThere 19、It seemsJohns not coming after all.Athis Bthat Cif D

246、to 20、was a handbag that John gave Mary at Christmas.AIt BThis CThat DSuch 21、Was the room the famous writer had ever lived in?Athat,it Bit,that Cit,where Dthat,which 7422、is said that he has been to many places in the United States.AThis BHe CIt DThat 23、What you want me to do?Ait is Bthat Cis this

247、 Dis it that 24、Is not important who will go?Ait Bthat Cthis D 25、Why is it everyone thinks hes a thief?Abecause Bas Cwhen Dthat 26、being Sunday,the library was closed.AWhat BIt CThat DThis 27、Is believed he is ill?Ait,that Bhe,that Cit,if Dhe,for 28、is known to us Mary dances best.AShe,BIt,that CIt

248、,she DShe,who 29、“Whats this?”“a flag.”AThis is BThats CIts DIts 30、Jack is ill.Have you heard about?Ahim Bit Cthis Dthat There be 结构 31、Is a typewriter in the room?Ahe Bthere Cit Dhas 32、Theres no one in the house,is?Ait Bhe Cthere Dthey 33、must be something wrong.AIt BHe CThere DThey 34、there anyo

249、ne around?AWas BWere CThere DHas 35、used to be a church round the corner.AHere BThere CIt DIt is 36、It is reported thatis going to be a storm.75 Ait Bthere C Dthe weather 37、Therestill a lot of work to be done before the house is ready for occupation.Aare Bwere Cis Dhave 38、There is a girlfor the bu

250、s.Ato wait Bwaiting Cwaited Dwait 39、Therea pine tree at the top of the hill.Astands Blies Clives Dhas 40、will be a good film on at the Rex next week.AThere BIt CThat DThis 改错,下列每句所给的选项中，各有一项是错的，请指出并改正。41、He is certain that the secretary will be there.A B C D 42、I think that a good idea to get up ea

251、rly.A B C D 43、It makes me feel sad that see you.A B C D 44、Do you find it very dull live here?A B C D 45、It is no use to cry over spilt milk.A B C D 46、There it must have been a mistake.A B C D 47、There is going to have an English party at the weekend.A B C D 48、Is there any one who waiting to see

252、me?A B C D 49、There have a man sitting beyond that fence.A B C D 50、It was a car ready for us.A B C D 76【答案】：1、B 2、D 3、B 4、C 5、C 6、D 7、A 8、D 9、D 10、A 11、A 12、C 13、B 14、D 15、C 16、D 17、C 18、A 19、B 20、A 21、B 22、C 23、D 24、A 25、D 26、B 27、A 28、B 29、C 30、B 31、B 32、C 33、C 34、A 35、B 36、B 37、C 38、B 39、A 40、A

253、41、A Heit 42、B thatit 43、C thatto 44、D live 前加 to 45、C to crycrying 46、B it 去掉 47、B havebe 48、C who 后加 is 或把 who 去掉 49、A haveis 50、A It There 十一、交际英语知识要点：一、Greeting（问候）1、Good morning!(afternoon,evening)2、Hello!(Hi)3、How do you do?4、How are you?5、How are you getting on with your studies?6、Hows everyt

254、hing with you?7、Did you have a nice holiday?(summer vacation)二、Introduction（介绍）AIntroduction:1、This is my friend,Tom.2、Let me introuduce you to my friend,Tom.3、May I introduce myself?Im Tom.4、Please allow me to introduce my friend,Tom.5、Id like you to meet my friend Tom.BResponses:771、How do you do?

255、Pleased to meet you.(Glad to meet you.Nice to meet you.)2、Its my pleasure to have this chance to meet you.三、Farewells（告别）AFarewells:1、Its getting late.I must be going.2、Its five oclock already.I must be off now.3、Oh,God,its late,Ive got to go.4、Its time I was going,Im afraid.5、I think I must go now.

256、6、I think Id better leave.7、Im glad to have met you.BResponses:1、Come again whenever you are free.2、If you pass my home,drop in.3、Good night,have a nice dream.4、Cant you stay a little longer?5、I hope well meet again sometime.四、Asking and Directing the Way（问路和指路）AAsking the way:1、Can you tell me the

257、way to the post office?2、Is this the way to the post office?3、Excuse me,how can I get to the post office?4、Which is the nearest way to the post office?5、Is the post office far from here?6、How long will it take me to get to the post office?7、Excuse me,is there a post office near here?8、Excuse me,does

258、 this bus go to the post office?BResponses:1、Go ahead till you come to the next crossing.2、No,its not far from here.Its only about ten minutes walk.783、Its about 200 yards down the street.4、Take Bus No.3 and it will take you right there.5、Go down the street and take the second turning on the left.五、

259、Asking for Time and Date（询问时间与日期）AAsking:1、What time is it now?2、Whats the time by your watch?3、What day is it today?4、What is the date today?5、Is your watch correct?BResponses:1、Its ten.2、Its Wednesday.3、Its October,8th.4、My watch says its 7:30.5、My watch always keeps good time.六、Asking about Healt

260、h（询问健康）AAsking:1、How are you these days?2、Whats wrong with you?3、Have you seen the doctor?4、You look tired.Whats wrong?BResponses:1、Im not quite myself today.2、My stomach hurts.3、I dont feel like eating anything today.4、Ive got a bad cold.七、Talking about Weather（谈论天气）1、Its a fine day,isnt it?2、Whats

261、 the temperature today?793、Whats the weather like today?4、How is the weather?5、Whats the weather going to be like at the weekend?6、Do you like the weather in Beijing?7、Do you think that we are going to have snow today?八、Invitations（邀请）AInvitations:1、Would you like to come to my birthday party?2、Will

262、 you be able to come to my birthday party?3、Id be very glad if you would come to my birthday party.4、Can you fix a time for a picnic?5、Are you free tomorrow?What(How)about having a picnic?6、Wont you come with me?7、You will come to have dinner with me,wont you?BResponses:1、Id be glad to,thank you.2、I

263、ts very kind of you to invite me.3、Id like to,but Im too busy.4、Thank you for your kind invitation,I will.5、Im afraid not.I will have to look after my sick mother.6、Im sorry,I cant.Thank you very much.九、Making an Appointment（约会）AMaking an appointment:1、Are you free this afternoon?2、How about tomorro

264、w evening?3、Shall we meet at 7:00 at the gate of the cinema?4、When will you be able to see us?5、What time can I call on you?6、Will you be at home next Sunday?7、Dont forget to come to my birthday party.80BResponses:1、Tomorrow evening will be all right.2、Yes,Ill be free then.3、No,I wont be free then,b

265、ut Ill be free next Wednesday.十、Making a phone call（打电话）AMaking a call:1、Hello,is Mary in?2、Hello,is that Mary speaking?3、Can I have your telephone number,please?4、Hello,may I speak to Mary?5、Could you ask him to call me,please?6、Who is it,please?BResponses:1、This is Mary speaking.2、Hold on please.3

266、、Mary,you are wanted on the phone.4、Mary isnt here right now.Can I take a message for you?十一、Shopping（购物）AShop assistant:1、What can I do for you?2、Can(May)I help you?3、How much do you want?4、What about this(these)?BCustomer:1、Id like to have a look at the sweater.2、Thats too expensive(dear),Im afrai

267、d.3、Thats fine.Ill take it.4、How much is it?十二、Seeing the Doctor（看病）ADoctor:811、Whats wrong(the matter)with you?2、How long have you been like this?3、Let me examine you.4、Take this medicine three times a day.5、Drink plenty of water and take a good rest.6、Its nothing serious.Take it easy.BPatient:1、Th

268、eres something wrong with my stomach.2、Ive got a pain here.3、I feel terrible(sick).4、This place hurts.5、I dont feel like eating anything.十三、Requests and Offers（请求与提供帮助）ARequests:1、Can(could)you do something for me?2、Will(would)you do something for me?3、May I have some icecream?4、Please do me a favor

269、.5、Please dont open the window.6、Do(Would)you mind turning down the radio?7、I wonder if you could lend me some money.BOffers:1、Can(Shall)I help you?2、What can I do for you?3、Is there anything(else)I can do for you?4、Would you like me to do this for you?5、Would you like some help?十四、Asking for Permis

270、sion（请求允许）AAsk for permission:1、May I park my car here?822、Can(Could)I smoke in this room?3、Do(Would)you mind if I smoke(smoked)here?4、I wonder if I could smoke here.BResponses:1、Certainly.(sure,of course),go ahead 2、Yes,please.3、All right(OK).4、Im sorry,its not allowed.5、Im afraid not.十五、Advice and

271、 Suggestions（劝告和建议）1、Youd better go to see the doctor.2、You should do it at once.3、Why not go on a picnic next Sunday?4、What(How)about going there by boat?5、Have you considered going there by boat?6、Shall we take a walk after supper?7、I suggest you do more reading.8、I advise you to take more exercis

272、es.【专项训练】一、Greeting 1、Hello,Joan.Kate.Glad to see you.AHi BHello CGood morning DHow do you do 2、Hi,havent seen you for ages!You look fine.You look well too.AGreat BThanks COh,no DNot at all 3、How are you!Jane?AHow are you,Mary?BFine,thanks,and you?83CAll is right.DThats good.4、How do you do?.AVery w

273、ell,thank you.BWhy,yes.Im fine.CHow do you do?DWhat about you?5、Hows everything with you?.AFine,thanks BIts all right CThank very much DIm very well 6、Hows your work going?ANot too well,Im afraid.BQuite good.What about you?CFine,how are you,then?DWell,thanks a lot.7、Did you have a good summer holida

274、y?Yes,thanks.Kate?Shes OK,thanks.Awhats is BHow is CWhats wrong Dand 8、Glad to meet you again.How are you?Im just.（老样子）Amy old self Bold myself Cmyself old Das old myself 9、Its nice to see you in New York.Hows your family?.My wife asked me to say hello to you.AIts very well BThey are fine CThats all

275、 right DThey are good 10、Hows the young man?.84AHes twenty BHes a doctor CHes much better DHes David 11、How on with your new job these days?Not bad.Ado you get Bdid you get Care you getting Dhave you getting 12、Hello,Kate!Fancy meeting you here!Working again,are you?Yes,if I want to pass the exams.A

276、Ive got to Bno other way CI must do DI have on way 13、In the evening you meet your foreign teacher walking towards the reataurant,you should say.AGood evening.BGood night.CHello.Have you had your supper?DHi!Going to dinner.二、Introduction 1、Hi,Tom,this is my friend John.ANice to meet you.BHow are you

277、?CHi,Tom,Im John.DAre you Tom?2、Let me introduce myself.Im Albert.AWith a pleasure BIts my pleasure CIm very pleased DPleased to meet you 3、When you are introduced to someone,you should say AIm getting on well BI love you very much CFine,thank you.DHow do you do?4、Have you met my girl friend,Susan?S

278、usan,this is Li.AGlad to meet you.BThank you.85CHow are you?DWelcome home.5、Please allow me to introuduce Mr.Smith,director of the department.（久仰大名）AI havent seen you before.BHavent we met before?CIve heard so much about you.DHow do you do?6、If Mr.Baker is here,will please make to me?Ayou,yourself k

279、now Byou,you know Che,us know Dhe,himself know 7、Lets give him a .Awarm welcome Bwarming welcome Cwarmly welcome Dwarm welcoming 三、Farewells 1、Its five oclock already,I must be going.Well,come again you are free.Aif Bwhenever Cwhen Dwhile 2、Oh,God,its late.Ive got to go.Hope to see them soon.AGive y

280、our parents my greetings BRemember me to your parents CShow my greetings to your parents DSay hello to your parents 3、Its time I was going,Im afraid.AGood evening BGood night CBeybey DAll the best 4、Well,Id better let you get on with your work.AIve wasted a lot of your time 86BThank you for a lovely

281、 afternoon CYou must be tired DIm sorry to trouble you 5、Im flying home on Sunday morning.I wish you .Aa pleasant journey home Ba good trip Cgood lucky Da happy journey travel 6、I think I must go now.See you later.AYou can go BSee you later CByebye DSo long 7、Im glad to have met you.Drop by sometime

282、.AThank you BGive me a call CThanks,I certainly will DTake care 8、Its very kind of you to come and see me off.AIts my pleasure Bmuch better CDont say it DNo problem 9、Im going camping this weekend.ACan you fish?BHave a good time CNo,Im too busy DDont give up now 10、Ill go to Beijing this weekend.AYo

283、u are lucky BThe best of luck CThank you DGoodbye 四、Asking and Directing the Way 1、Excuse me,can you tell me where the nearest bus stop is?Im sorry,I have no idea.I .87Adont know Bam a strager here Cam new Djust come 2、will it take me to walk there?About ten minutes.AHow far BHow long CHow much DWha

284、t far 3、Excuse me,is there a cinema around here?Yes,please go ,then turn right the first crossing.Abefore,on Bahead,at Calong,of Dforward,to 4、Excuse me,officer.I cant find the subway entrance.See those glass doors?Go in and you will see it on your right.ACan you help me?BWhere is it?CShow me the wa

285、y?DYou are very helpful 5、Is your school far from here?Not very far,.Ait is about ten minutes walk Bit nees to walk ten minutes Cyou need walking ten minutes Dit is about tenminutes walk 6、Could you tell me where the train station is?.AIts over there BIts on the third floor CNo,I know little DYes,it

286、s there 7、Excuse me,is this Mr.Browns office?Im sorry,but Mr.Brown works here.Anot now Bno more Cnot still Dno longer 8、Excuse me,can you tell me the way to the Sleeping Beauty Castle?Yes,.AGo down this road B Go ahead till you see the entrance CIts not far from here 88 DYou can walk there 五、Asking

287、for Time and Date 1、?Its the third of May?AWhat day is it BWhats the date CWhats the time DWhats the clock 2、?Im sorry,my watch has stopped.AWhen is it BHow much is it CWhat is the time DWhats the clock 3、Is your watch right?I think so.I set it the radio this morning.Ato Bof Cby Dthrough 4、What day

288、is it today?.AJuly 27 BSaturday Cthe 27 of July DWomens Day 5、How long has this bookshop been in business?1982.AAfter BIn CFrom DSince 6、When are you off?at 21:24.I hope you will have a good flight.AMy bus leaves BMy plane takes off CMy train goes DMy coach goes 7、will the work be ready?two months.A

289、How long,After BHow often,For CHow soon,In DHow much,During 8、Is your watch correct?89Yes,my watch .Aruns well Bkeeps good time Ckeeps right Dnever stops 六、Asking about Health 1、Hows your brother these days?He hasnt been to well.Whats the matter?AIts bad.BIm sorry to here that.CVery badly.DWhy?2、I h

290、avent seen Bob lately.As a matter of fact,he is ill.AWhere is he?BWhy?CHow is he?DWhat does he do?3、You sound as if youve got a cold.Get a good rest.AYes,as if BIve been overworking CI dont think so DI hope not 4、Im afraid Ive got a bad cold.ANever mind BKeep away from me CBetter go and see a doctor

291、 DYou need to take medicine 5、John has caught a bad cold.AIts too bad BI dont believe it CIm sorry to hear that DTake it easy 6、,Wang?Ive got a headache and I feel chilly.90AWhats wrong BWhat the matter is CWhat is matter DHow about you 7、My stomach hurts.I feel sick.For safetys sake,.Ago to see a d

292、octor tomorrow BBetter to go to hospital Cyoud better see a doctor at once DQuick go to hospital 七、Talking about Weather 1、It seems to be clearing up.That will be a nice change,?Aisnt it Bwont it Ccant it Ddoesnt it 2、How cold is it today?.AJust soso Bnot too CIts ten below zero DYes,it is 3、?Its ve

293、ry cold and damp.AWhats the weather BHows the weather today CIs it raining last night DMight it have rained a lot 4、Do you like the weather in North China?Not really,but now.AI fit it BI am used to it CI used to it DI agree to it 5、I wonder what the weather is going to be like tomorrow?.Thats a good

294、 idea.ALets look through the paper 91BLets listen to the weather report on the radio CBetter be care of the radio DPay attention to the radio 6、.It certainly is.The sun is shining and there is a pleasant breeze.Its lovely.AWhat nice it is BHow nice it is here CIt is like spring here DWhat a good day

295、 here 7、What a nice day,isnt it?AYoure right.BYes,isnt it?CYes,I agree.DReally?8、?Yes,a bit cold,though.ACold weather,isnt it BBad weather,dont you think CFreezing,isnt it DNice day,isnt it 9、today?Its nice and warm.AWhats the weather BWhats the weather like CHow is the weather like DHow does the we

296、ather look like 10、Do you think it is going to snow over the weekend?.AI dont believe BI dont believe it CI believe not so DI believe not 八、Invitations 1、Would you like to come around for a meal on my birthday?92 Oh,yes.Thank you very much.AWhen is your birthday?BWhat day is your birthday?CWhen were

297、 you born?DWhat time is your birthday?2、Have you got anything to do tomorrow?.AYes,a lot of BNo,I wont be busy CCertainly have DOh,thats a pity 3、Would you like to come to the cinema,Frank?I have to do my homework.AI dont,Im afraid.BI cant,Im afraid.CIm sorry.DOh,pity!4、Helen,Id be glad if you would

298、 come and have tea with us on Friday.AI try to go BMany thanks for your kind invitation,I will CI am very busy DI must go 5、How about going to Grand for dinner?.Its a long time since we had a good meal.Awell BThat sounds like a good idea CThank you DBut Im too busy 6、Do you have to go?Cant you stay

299、and have a meal?I really think I must be off now.AId love to,but BYes,I must CNo,I dont have to but DYes,I can,but 7、Would you like to come to the party tomorrow?93 .AId like BI like it CId like to DId like it 8、Will you be able to come and see us on Friday?.I will have to work.AI believe yes BI don

300、t hope so CI wont be able to DIm afraid not 9、Shall I call for you of will you call for me?Youd better come for me,?Acan you BOK Creally Dwould you 10、Would you like to come to dinner tonight?Id like to,Im too busy.Aand Bso Cas Dbut 九、Making an Appointment 1、Good morning,Id like to see Mr.Baker,plea

301、se.Mr.Baker is quite busy.AYou cant see him BYou wont be able to see him CIm afraid you wont be able to see him today.DPlease come next time.2、Will you be able to come to see us sometime next month?.AI believe yes BI dont hope so CI wont be able to DIm afraid not 3、When will you be free this month,M

302、r.Smith?,maybe well be free next Sunday.ALet me be BLet me see CIm afraid DThink it over 4、What time can I call on you?Any time this evening will be.AOK Bright Cgood Dfree 5、Im sorry to say that I cant come to your party tonight.94?Havent we agreed on?AWhat is it BWhat is it now CHow is it DWhat do

303、you think 6、I have an appointment with Mr.Black.My name is John Brown.Ah,yes,your appointment is at 4:15.,please,Mr.Brown?AWait a minute BMay you wait CCan you wait a minute DTake it easy 7、Im sorry to keep you waiting.Oh,not at all.I here only a few minutes.Ahave been Bhad been Cwas Dwill be 8、Ill

304、come back tomorrow evening at nine.Can you meet me at the airport?.AAll right BAll right.Nice to see you COK,wait for me DAll right.See you then 9、Will you be at home next Sunday?AYes,but why?BNo,never mind.CNot at all.DYes,of course not.10、Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.AI dont B

305、I wont CI cant DI havent 十、Making a phone call 1、Hello,is Henry in?Im sorry,he isnt here.?AWhats the matter BMay I help you CIs there anything DWho are you 2、Could you ask him to call me,please?!Whats your name,please?A Sure BOh CYes DWell 3、?95 Sure,its 65250786.AWhats your telephone number BCan I

306、have your telephone number CCan I help you DCan you make your telephone number 4、The operator put him to 65250786.Aover Bon Cthrough Din 5、Would you please tell John I called?,please.AHold on BHold up CHold over DHold out 6、Is this number 61234567?.ANo,you are wrong BSorry,youve got the wrong phone

307、CNo,youve dialed the wrong number DNo,you are right 7、Hello.May I speak to Zhou Lan?Yes.AMy name is Zhou Lan BIm Zhou Lan CThis is Zhou Lan speaking DZhou Lans me 8、Do you want to have a message?No,thanks.I in half an hour.Awill call again Bcan call Cmay phone him Dwould call 十一、Shopping 1、Id like t

308、o buy a tenspeed bicycle.How about this kind of type?96AHow many is it BHow is it CHow much is it DHow expensive is 2、do you want?Half a kilo,please.AHow many apples BWhat are apples CHow many apple DHow much apples 3、Whats the problem?Im afraid.Its a size 12 and its too small.Ait dont suit Bit isnt

309、 fit Cit doesnt fit Dit isnt suit 4、How much is the blue skirt?Ten dollars.AHow many size do you want?BWhat size do you take?CHow large do you want?DWhat size do you dress?5、What about the dark blue sweater?I like it,but it.You decide.Acosts too much Btake too much Ccost too many Dspends too much 6、

310、Would you mind if I looked at some of your tape recorders?.AId better to see what the boss has to say about it BNot at all,sir.Go right ahead CThank you for your coming DYes,do that,sir 7、Do you think the shirt really fits me?.It goes well with your tie,too.AOf course it does BYes,it does CI am not

311、sure DPerhaps it does 8、Shall I ask the shop keeper if I can.97OK.And wed better ask Mom whether its cheap enough.Atake it on Btry it on Cwear Dput it on 9、How much did you the dress?We 210 yuan for it.Aspend,pay for Bpay for,cost for Cpay for,paid Dtake,pay 十二、Seeing the Doctor 1、Well,?I feel hot a

312、nd feverish.Ahow do you feel like Bwhats the matter with you Cwhat do you feel Dwhat illness do you have 2、?Yes,I have.My temperature seems all right.ADo you know your temperature BHave you taken your temperature CHave you had your temperature DDo you have your temperature 3、Oh,doctor.Are you sure i

313、ts nothing serious?Yes,.Im sure of that.Ahell well soon Bhe can be right quickly Chell be all right soon Dhell be good soon 4、You havent had your lunch?I had a little,but .AI didnt feel like eating BI didnt feel like to eat CI didnt like to eating DI didnt want to eating 5、?98Im feeling even worse a

314、fter taking the medicine.AAre you feeling better BHow are you feeling CHow are you getting on DHow are you going 6、How about your headache now?I cant get rid of it.I dont know whats the matter.Take it easy.Thank you,doctor.ATake this medicine before you go to bed BDrink plenty of water and take a go

315、od rest CTake this medicine a day three times DGo home and lie in bed for a good rest 7、My whole body feels weak and Ive got a headache.?AHow long ago did you get it this BHow long have you been like this CHow soon have you got it DHow soon have you liked this 十三、Requests and Offers 1、Can I count on

316、 you for help?AAs you like.BIm sorry.CYes,you certainly can DWhy do you ask?2、Could you spare me some ink?.AYes,of course BNot at all CYes,I cold DNever mind 3、Let me help you carry the box.No,I can manage,but.Anot at all Bit doesnt matter Cthank you just the same Dthe same to you 994、Will you make

317、me a kite?.AIm glad BIll be glad CIm going to glad DIll be glad to 5、You seem to get lost.Need help?AYes,would you help me with the bag?BYes,take me please.CHelp me find the key,please.DIm looking for Shanghai Road.6、Ill be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?Not at all.AIve

318、no time BId rather not CId like it DId be happy to 7、If you want to ask someone for help,which drills shouldnt you say?ACould you do me a favor BWould you do me a favor CMay I ask a favor of you DCan you give me a help 8、Can I have some meat?Certainly,just .Atake it as you like Beat it as you please

319、 Chelp yourself Dhelp yourself at home 十四、Asking for Permission 1、Would you mind if I played the violin here?.ANo,you wont BNo,do as you please CYes,I dont mind DYes,do as you please 2、May I stop here?No,you .100Amustnt Bmight not Cneednt Dwont 3、Shall I tell John about it?No,you.Ive told him alread

320、y.Aneednt Bwouldnt Cmustnt Dshouldnt 4、Can I use your tape recorder for a while?Yes,.Ago ahead Byou cant broke it Call right Dno,sorry 5、?I didnt quite catch you.AWill you please repeat it again BPardon CWhat did you say DSay it again now 6、Dick wants to go to the toilet during the class.He puts up

321、his hand and says to his teacher:AExcuse me,I cant stand any longer.BWill you please let me go?CPlease,sir,may I be excused?DI must go outside.7、Can I go and have a look at it?Yes,of course.AAfter me BCome this way CYou may look DThis direction 十五、Advice and Suggestions 1、I usually go there by train

322、.Why not by boat for a change?Ato try going Btrying to go Cto try and go Dtry going 2、Id like information about the management of your hotel.Well,you could have word with the manager,he might be helpful Asome,a Ban,some Csome,some Dan,a 1013、Im afraid Ive got a bad cold.ANever mind BKeep away from t

323、he medicine CBetter go and see a doctor DYou need take a medicine 4、I cant see the words on the blackboard.Perhaps you need .Ato examine your eyes Bto have your eyes examined Cto have examined your eyes Dyour eyes to be examined 5、Lets go and see our teacher on Teachers Day.AThats will do BThats all

324、 CThats all right DAll right【答案】一、Greetings:1、B 2、B 3、B 4、C 5、A 6、B 7、B 8、A 9、B 10、C 11、C 12、A 13、A 二、Introduction:1、A 2、D 3、D 4、A 5、C 6、D 7、A 三、Farewells:1、B 2、D 3、B 4、B 5、A 6、B 7、C 8、A 9、B 10、B 四、Asking and Directing the Way:1、B 2、B 3、B 4、A 5、A 6、A 7、D 8、B 五、Asking for Time and Date:1021、B 2、C 3、C

325、 4、B 5、D 6、B 7、C 8、B 六、Asking about Health:1、B 2、C 3、B 4、C 5、C 6、A 7、C 七、Talking about Weather:1、B 2、C 3、B 4、B 5、B 6、B 7、B 8、D 9、B 10、D 八、Invitation:1、B 2、B 3、B 4、B 5、B 6、A 7、C 8、D 9、B 10、D 九、Making an Appointment:1、C 2、D 3、B 4、A 5、C 6、C 7、A 8、D 9、A 10、B 十、Making a Phone Call:1、B 2、A 3、B 4、C 5、A 6、C

326、 7、C 8、A 十一、Shopping:1、C 2、A 3、C 4、B 5、A 6、B 7、A 8、B 9、C 十二、Seeing the Doctor:1、B 2、B 3、C 4、A 5、B 6、A 7、B 十三、Requests and Offers:1、C 2、A 3、C 4、D 5、D 6、D 7、D 8、C 十四、Asking for Permission:1、B 2、A 3、A 4、A 5、B 6、C 7、B 十五、Advice and Suggestions:1031、D 2、A 3、C 4、B 5、D 十二、非谓语动词知识要点：一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能（一）概述：在英语中

327、，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the PresentParticiple）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.2）都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.3）都有

328、主动与被动,“体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）Having written the composition,we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）4）都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）The boss ordered them to star

329、t the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）We being League member,the work was well done.（现在分词的逻辑主语）2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：句子成分104非谓语主语表语宾语补语定语状语同位语不定式 动名词 （极少）现在分词

330、 过去分词 二、非谓语动词用法：（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。1、不定式的形式：主动被动一般式to write to be written 进行式to be writing/完成式to have written to have been written 否定式：not+(to)do 1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：Im glad to meet you.He seems to know a lot.We plan to pay a visit.He wants to be an artist.The

331、patient asked to be operated on at once.The teacher ordered the work to be done.2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：The boy pretended to be working hard.He seems to be reading in his room.3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：I regretted to have told a lie.I happened to have seen the film.He is pleased to

332、have met his friend.2、不定式的句法功能：1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.105To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语 it 作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.2）作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have

333、 caught a cold.3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing la

334、st Sunday but repair his bike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English.4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do,he didnt g

335、o to the cinema.有些动词如 make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have 等与不带有 to 的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加 to,如：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.5）作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：A）动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：He found a good house to live in.106The

336、 child has nothing to worry about.What did you open it with?如果不定式修饰 time,place,way，可以省略介词：He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Have you got anything to sent?Have you got anything to be sent?B）说明所修饰名词的内容：We have made a plan to finish

337、 the work.C）被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：He is the first to get here.6）作状语：A）表目的：He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong：To save money,every means has been tried.right:To save money,he has tried every means.wrong：To learn English well,a diction

338、ary is needed.right:To learn English well,he needs a dictionary.B）表结果：He arrived late to find the train gone.常用 only 放在不定式前表示强调：I visited him only to find him out.C）表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.D）表程度：Its too dark for us to see anything.The question is simple for him to answer.1077）作独立成分：T

339、o tell you the truth,I dont like the way he talked.8）不定式的省略：保留 to 省略 do 动词。If you dont want to do it,you dont need to.9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略 to。He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.（二）动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。1、动名词的形式：语 态式主动语态被动语态一般式doing being done 完成式having done having been done 否定式：not

340、+动名词 1）一般式：Seeing is believing.眼见为实。2）被动式：He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film.我们记得看过这部电影。4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。5）否定式：not+动名词I regret not following his advice.我后悔没听他的劝告。6）复

341、合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词He suggested our trying it once again.他建议我们再试一次。His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。2、动名词的句法功能：1）作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。108Collecting stamps is interesting.集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语时常用 it 作形式主语。Its no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。2）作表语：In the ant city,the

342、 queens job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。3）作宾语：They havent finished building the dam.他们还没有建好大坝。We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语 it，例如：We found it no good making fun of others.我们发现取笑他人不好。要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy,finish

343、,suggest,avoid（避免）,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit（承认），deny（否认）,mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk（冒险）,appreciate（感激）,be busy,be worth,feel like,cant stand,cant help,think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent(from),keep from,stop（from）,protectfrom,set about,be engaged in,spend(in),succeed in,b

344、e used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,insist on,feel like 4）作定语：He cant walk without a walking-stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。Is there a swimming pool in your school.你们学校有游泳池吗？5）作同位语：The cave,his hiding-place is secret.那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。His habit,listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.他收听

345、收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。（三）现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。1、现在分词的形式：现在及 物动 词 write 不及物动词 go 分词主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式writing being written going 完成式having written having been written having gone 否定式：not+现在分词 1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：They went to the park,singing a

346、nd talking.他们边唱边说向公园走去。109Having done his homework,he played basket-ball.做完作业，他开始打兰球。2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。The problem being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。Having been told many times,the naughty boy made the same mistake.被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。2、现在分词的句法功能：1

347、）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。In the following years he worked even harder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years 也可用 in the years that followed,the man speaking 可改为 the man who is sp

348、eaking.2）现在分词作表语：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。The present situation is inspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。be+doing 既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于 be+doing 表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词 be 与现在分词构成系表结构。3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listen to,look a

349、t,leave,catch 等。例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？He kept the car waiting at the gate.他让小汽车在门口等着。4）现在分词作状语：A）作时间状语：(While)Working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。B）作原因状语：Being a League member,he is always helping others.由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。C）作方式状语

350、，表示伴随：He stayed at home,cleaning and washing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗。D）作条件状语：(If)Playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。E）作结果状语：He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。110F）作目的状语：He went swimming the other day.几天前他去游泳了。G）作让步状语：Though raining heavily,it cleared up ve

351、ry soon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。H）与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my head.我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Time permitting,well do another two exercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用 with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式With the lights burn

352、ing,he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。H）作独立成分：Judging from(by)his appearance,he must be an actor.从外表看，他一定是个演员。Generally speaking,girls are more careful.一般说来，女孩子更细心。（四）过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed 构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。过去分词的句法功能：1、过去分词作定语：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的

353、旅行。Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。2、过去分词作表语：The window is broken.窗户破了。The were frightened at the sad sight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。注意 be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：The window is broken.（系表）The wind

354、ow was broken by the boy.（被动）有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：boiled water（开水）fallen leaves（落叶）newly arrived goods（新到的货）the risen sun（升起的太阳）the changed world（变了的世界）111这类过去分词有：gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed 等。3、过去分词作宾语补足语：I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好

355、几次。有时过去分词做 with 短语中的宾语补足语：With the work done,they went out to play.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。4、过去分词作状语：Praised by the neighbours,he became the pride of his parents.受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）Once seen,it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）Given more time,Ill be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）T

356、hough told of the danger,he still risked his life to save the boy.虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）Filled with hopes and fears,he entered the cave.心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。5、过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格：All books returned at the end of the term,the library assistant was satisfied.所有的书期末时都还了，图书管理员很高兴。The field ploughed,he be

357、gan to spread seed.地耕好了，他开始撒种子。非谓语动词用法对比知识要点：一、不定式与动名词做主语：1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：Collecting information about childrens health is his job.收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。Its necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：（1）Its difficult(importan

358、t,necessary)for sb.to do（2）Its kind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)of sb.to do.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：Its no good(use,fun)doing.Its(a)waste of time ones doing.Its worth while doing.二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。His teaching aim of this class is to train the stude

359、nts speaking ability.他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。1122、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。Its full-time job is laying eggs.它的（指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵。3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。The task of this class is practising the idioms.（现在分词做表语）With the help of the teacher,the students are practising the idioms.（现在进行时）

360、4、常用作表语的现在分词有：interesting,amusing,disappointing,missing,puzzling,exciting,inspiring,following 等。现在分词表示进行与主动。The joke is amusing.这笑话很逗人。The problem is puzzling.这个问题令人不解。5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。The village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词做表语）The enemy was surrounded by the R

361、ed Army.（被动语态）He is well educated.（过去分词做表语）He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：used,closed,covered,interested,followed,satisfied,surrounded,done,lost,decided,prepared,saved,shut,won,completed,crowded,dressed,wasted,broken,married,unexpected等。6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法

362、不同：interest（使感兴趣），surprise（使吃惊），frighten（使害怕），excite（使兴奋），tire（使疲劳），please（使满意），puzzle（使迷惑不解），satisfy（使满意），amuse（使娱乐），disappoint（使失望），inspire（使欢欣鼓舞），worry（使忧虑）它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人），表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的 look、voice 等）。例如：Climbing is tiring.爬山很累人。They are very tired.他们很疲劳 After hearing the exciting ne

363、ws,he gave a speech in an excited voice.三、不定式与动名词做宾语：1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：want,wish,hope,expect,ask,pretend,care,decide,happen,long,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,cause,afford,beg,manage,agree,promise 等。2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,appreciate,be busy,

364、be worth,feel like,cant stand,cant help,think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent(from),keepfrom,stop(from),protectfrom,set about,be engaged in,spend(in),succeed in,be used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,insist on 等。3、在 forget,remember,stop,regret,try,mean 等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作，而

365、动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用一113般式 doing 代替完成式 having done.He forgot to tell me to post the letter.（他忘了叫我发信。）I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope.我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。Remember to write to us when you get there.到那里，记得给我们写信。I dont remember meeting him.我不记得见过他。I regret to t

366、ell you that I cant go to your birth-day party.我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。They regretted agreeing to the plan.他们后悔同意这个计划。He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend.他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。She tried reading a novel,but that couldnt make her forget her sorrow.她试着看看小说，但也不能使她忘记伤心事。I didnt mean to hurt

367、you.我没有企图伤害你。A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return.真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。4、动名词作 need,want,require,be worth 的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。The point wants referring to.这一点要提到。This English novel is worth reading.这本英文小说值得一读。The situ

368、ation in Russian required studying.俄国形式需要研究。四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：ask,tell,beg,allow,want,like,hate,force,invite,persuade,advise,order,cause,encourage,wait for,call on,permit,forbid The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days.医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。We wish him to remain and accept

369、 the post.我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。（注意 hope 后不跟不定式做宾补。）2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式，这些动词有：see,watch,notice,hear,feel,make,let,have 等。例如：We noticed him enter the house.我们留意到他进了那所房子。The boss made them work twelve hours a day.老板让他们一天干 12 小时工作。注意当 make、have 不做“迫使、让”讲，而做“制造、有”解时，跟带有 to 的不定式做状语。Mother made a cake to cel

370、ebrate his birthday.妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。He had a meeting to attend.他有个会要开。3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,make,set,have,leave,keep,find 等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。例：We heard him singing the song when we came in.当我们进来的时候，听见他正唱那首歌。114 We have heard the song sung twice.我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。五

371、、非谓语动词做定语：1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。例如：He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do.他没有房子住却有好多活要干。Our monitor is the first to arrive.我们班长是第一个到的。2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。a walking stick 拐杖（动名词做定语，意为 a stick for walking）a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词做定语，意为

372、 a car for sleeping）the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定语，意为 the sun which was rising）the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词做定语，意为 the world which is changing）3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。如：a piece of disappointing news 使人失望的消息（意同 a piece of news which disappointed us）in the following year

373、s 在后来的几年中（意同 in the years that followed）a well dressed woman 衣着讲究的女士（意同 a woman who is dressed well）a car parked at the gate 停在门口的小汽车（意同 a car which was parked at the gate）六、不定式与分词做状语：1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：He hurried home only to find his money stolen.他匆忙赶到家中，发现钱被盗了。（结果状语）To make himself heard,he rai

374、sed his voice.为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。（目的状语）All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress.看到他的进步，我们都很吃惊。(原因状语)2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：Seen from the top of the hill,the town is beautiful.从山上看，这座城市很美。（条件状语）Coming into the room,he found his father angry.当走进房间时，他发现父亲生气了。（时间状语）Being tired,they went on work

375、ing.虽然累了，但他们继续工作。（让步状语）Having been hit by the big boy on the nose,the little boy began to cry.由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那个小男孩哭了。（原因状语）He put a finger in his mouth,tasted it and smiled,looking rather pleased.他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺高兴。（伴随状语）【专项训练】：1、They knew her very well.They had seen her up from childhood.Agrow Bg

376、rew Cwas growing Dto grow 1152、Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.Aso not as to Bso as not to Cso as to not Dnot so as to 3、She reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the path.Ato have rested Bresting Cto rest Drest 4、The next morning she found the man in be

377、d,dead.Alying Blie Clay Dlaying 5、Only one of these books is.Aworth to read Bworth being read Cworth of reading Dworth reading 6、The squirrel was lucky that it just missed .Acatching Bto be caught Cbeing caught Dto catch 7、Most of the people to the party were famous scientists.Ainvited Bto invite Cb

378、eing invited Dinviting 8、She didnt remember him before.Ahaving met Bhave met Cto meet Dto having met 9、Good morning.Can I help you?Id like to have this package,madam.Abe weighed Bto be weighed Cto weigh Dweighed 10、There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light.Afollowed Bfollowing Cto be foll

379、owed Dbeing followed 11、The murderer was brought in,with his hands behind.Abeing tied Bhaving tied Cto be tied Dtied 12、On Saturday afternoon,Mrs.Green went to the market,some bananas and visited her cousin.Abought Bbuying Cto buy Dbuy 13、The secretary worked late into the night,a long speech for th

380、e president.Ato prepare Bpreparing Cprepared Dwas preparing 14、I can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.Asail Bto sail Csailing Dto have sailed 15、John was made the truck for a week as a punishment.116Ato wash Bwashing Cwash Dto be washing 16、I would appreciate back this aft

381、ernoon.Ayou to call Byou call Cyour calling Dyoure calling 17、John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes.Aopen Bto be opened Cto open Dopening 18、a reply,he decided to write again.ANot receiving BReceiving not CNot having received DHaving not received 19、Charles Babbage is generally consi

382、dered the first computer.Ato have invented Binventing Cto invent Dhaving invented 20、“Cant you read?”Mary said to the notice.Aangrily pointing Band point angrily Cangrily pointed Dand angrily pointing 21、Rather than on a crowded bus,he always prefers a bicycle.Aride,ride Briding,ride Cride,to ride D

383、to ride,riding 22、The missing boys were last seen near the river.Aplaying Bto be playing Cplay Dto play 23、The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,that he had enjoyed his stay here.Ahaving added Bto add Cadding Dadded 24、The first text books for teaching English as a foreign

384、language came out in the 16th century.Ahaving written Bto be written Cbeing written Dwritten 25、We agreed here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met 26、You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.Well,now I regret that.Ato do Bto be doing Cto have

385、 done Dhaving done 27、The patient was warned oily food after the operation.Ato eat not Beating not Cnot to eat Dnot eating 11728、in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.ALosting BHaving lost CLost DTo lose 29、Is this raincoat yours?No,mine there behind the door.Ais hanging Bhas hung Ch

386、angs Dhung 30、The Olympic Games,in 776 B.C.,did not include women players until 1912.Afirst playing Bto be first played Cfirst played Dto be first playing 31、We saw the bird flap its wings and away.Afly Bflied Cflew Dflying 32、I insisted that the dictionary to be bought at once.Arefers to Brefer Cre

387、ferred Dreferring 33、,ice will be changed into water.AHeating BHeated CIf heating DTo be heated 34、The foreigner seemed his way.Ato be losing Bto have missed Cto have lost Dmissed 35、Dont leave me alone at home.Ato stay Bstay Cstaying Dstayed 36、Whatever must well.Ais to be done,be done Bare to do,d

388、o Cis to dobe done Dare to be done,do 37、The officer ordered the wounded soldier at once.Ato operate Bbe operated Cwas operated on Dto be operated on 38、With the walls white,the room seems larger.Apainting Bpainted Cto be painted Dhas been painted 39、Can I help you?Id like to have the shoes ,for the

389、y are a bit smaller.Achanging Bchanged Cto be changing Dbe changed 11840、On hearing the news,the woman stood there .Afrightened Bfrightening Cto frighten Dto be frightened 41、the train,they decided to wait for another.AMissed BMissing CHaving missed DBeing missed 42、There no bus,I had to walk home.A

390、is Bwas Cwere Dbeing 43、At present,there is a new airport and supermarket in the south of the town.Abuilt Bto be built Cbeing built Dis being built 44、The young man told the doctor that he didnt need his heart.Ahaving,checked Bto have,checked Chaving,to check Dto have,to check 45、Try the back door i

391、f nobody answers the front door.Ato knock at Bknocking at Cand knock at Dand knocking at 46、We have to do something to stop wild animals.Akilling Bto be killed Cbeing killed Dto kill 47、,we plan to hold a class meeting.ATime permitting BTime permits CIf time is permitted DTime permitted 48、With the

392、boy the way,the soldiers got to the position in time.Aled Bleading Cbeing led Dwas leading 49、The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth for him without delay.Ato weave Bto be woven Cto have woven Dto be weaving 50、Look at his look.It seems as if he had met a tiger.Afrightened,frightening Bfrightening,

393、frightened Cfrightened,frightened Dfrightening,frightening 51、,the players began the game.AHaving taken our seats BTaking our seats CAfter we took our seats DBeing taken the seats 52、him before,she didnt know he was her uncle.119ANot having seen BHaving not seen CNot seeing DNot being seen 53、many t

394、imes,but he made the same mistake again.AHaving been told BAlthough he had been told CHe had been told DHaving told 54、The glass of water is too hot.I prefer some cold water.Aboiled Bboiling Cto boil Dhaving boiled 55、The little boy entered the classroom without.Anoticing Bnoticed Cbeing noticed Dno

395、tice 56、Were considering English in pairs after class.Apractising speaking Bpractising to speak Cto practise speaking Dto practise to speak 57、the mixture,the teacher showed it around the classroom.ATo see BMore students to see CFor more students to see DSeen 58、I apologize for my promise.Anot to ke

396、ep Bbeing kept Cnot having kept Dhaving not kept 59、The book on the desk to her.Alying,belonging Blay,belong Clying,belongs Dbeing lie,is belong 60、,Mary had to stay at home to look after her.ABeing ill BTo be ill CHer mother was ill DHer mother being ill 61、much English troubled him a lot.AHis not

397、knowing BNot he knowing CHis having not known DHis not known 62、He wont attend the meeting unless to give a speech.Ainvited Binviting Cbeing invited Dhe will be invited 63、He got the first and won the prize as.Aexpected Bexpecting Cto be expected Dexpect 64、He stood there with his eyes me.120Afixing

398、 Bfixing on Cfixed to Dfixed on 65、Mother warned him after drinking.Ato never drive Bnever to drive Cnever driving Dnever drive 66、I remember something like that.Athat he say Bhim to say Chis saying Dhim having said 67、Did you smell something?Aburnt Bto burn Cto be burning Dburning 68、Because of air

399、 pollution,this city is no longer.Aa good place to live in Ba good place for living in Ca good place to live Da good place to be lived in 69、Let the day .Ato be remembered Bremembered Cbe remembered Dremember 70、His parents ,the orphan is now taken care of by the villagers.Adead Bdying Chave died Dh

400、aving died 71、Would you be to do me a favour?Aas good as Bso good as Cenough good Dgood enough as 72、He had us all through the party.Alaughing Bto laugh Claugh Dlaughed 73、The nurse suggested the old man ,for he had a long time to wait.Ato sit down Bsit down Cwould sit down Dsat down 74、Those who ha

401、ve questions ,raise your hands.Aasked Bask Casking Dto ask 75、This room is used food.Ato store Bstoring Cto storing Dstored 76、We cant keep our eyes to all this.Ashut Bshutting Cto shut Dshutted 77、I dont feel like to the cinema.121Ago Bgoing Cgone Dto go 78、you the truth,I dont like the design he o

402、ffered.ATell BTold CTelling DTo tell 79、at the station,they found the train.AArriving,going BArrived,go CArriving,gone DArrived,gone 80、What he said made us.Ato surprise Bsurprise Csurprising Dsurprised 答案：1、A 2、B 3、C 4、A 5、D 6、C 7、A 8、A 9、D 10、B 11、D 12、A 13、B 14、C 15、A 16、C 17、A 18、C 19、A 20、A 21、

403、C 22、A 23、C 24、D 25、C 26、D 27、C 28、C 29、A 30、C 31、A 32、C 33、B 34、C 35、C 36、A 37、D 38、B 39、B 40、A 41、C 42、D 43、C 44、B 45、B 46、C 47、A 48、B 49、B 50、A 51、C 52、A 53、C 54、A 55、C 56、A 57、C 58、C 59、C 60、D 61、A 62、A 63、A 64、D 65、B 66、C 67、D 68、A 69、C 70、D 71、B 72、A 73、B 74、D 75、A 76、A 77、B 78、D 79、C 80、D 十三、

404、The Sentences 知识要点：句子按使用的目的可分为四类：1、陈述句 2、疑问句 3、祈使句 4、感叹句 从结构上看句子可分为三种类型：1、简单句 2、并列句 3、复合句 一、句子的种类（Kinds of Sentences）1221、陈述句：（1）肯定句：We love our motherland.我们热爱祖国。（2）否定句：They dont go to work on Sundays.他们星期日不上班。说明：叙述或否定一个事实或看法。2、疑问句：（1）一般疑问句：Are you a worker?你是个工人吗？Yes,I am.是的，我是工人。Havent you seen t

405、he film?No,I havent.你没看过这部电影吗？没看过。说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词 be 开始的问句。回答要用 yes 或 no。（2）特殊疑问句：Who is the man?这人是谁？When do you watch TV?你什么时间看电视？What are they doing now?他们现在正在干什么？说明：以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序（或称为疑问词加一般疑问句）（3）选择疑问句：Do you want tea or coffee?Either will do.你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。Does he learn Japanese o

406、r French?He learns French.他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。（4）反意疑问句：They are going to the airport,arent they?他们要去机场，是吗？You havent finished your homework,have you?你没做完作业，是吗？说明：提出情况或看法问对方是否同意。在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否定；前面句子否定，后为肯定。He seldom went to bed at ten,did he?他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？He knows li

407、ttle Russian,does he?他几乎不懂俄语，是吗？说明：当陈述句部分含有 never,no,hardly,seldom,little 等否定意义的副词时，附加问句用肯定形式。（5）祈使句：a陈述句：Be sure to get there at eight.八点钟一定要到那儿。b否定句：123Dont worry.Ill help you out.别担心，我会帮助你的。说明：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形。（6）感叹句：what+n.：What great changes we have had these years!这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊！What a f

408、ine day it is!多好的天呀！how+adj.：How brave he is!他多么勇敢呀！how+adv.：How hard they are working!他们工作多努力呀！How time flies!时间过得多么快呀！How+adj.+a(an)+n.How nice a boy(he is)！=What a nice boy he is!多么好的孩子啊！说明：表示说话时惊异，喜悦，气忿等情绪。what 修饰名词，how 修饰形容词、副词或句子。二、句子的类型（Types of Sentences）1、简单句的句子的类型：一个主语+一个谓语，例：The girl play

409、s the piano every day.那女孩每天弹钢琴。两个主语+一个谓语，例：Tom and I are good friends.汤姆和我是好朋友。一个主语+两个谓语，例：He opened the door and left.他打开门出去了。两个主语或两个谓语或更多，例：Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market,bought some fruit and visited their friends.史密斯夫妇去市场，买了些水果，并看望了朋友。结构特殊：只含有一个词或一个词组，例：Hello!喂！Help!Help!救命啊！救命！Many thanks.

410、万分感谢。2、简单句的基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patterns）124句型结构：（1）主语+不及物动词：S+Vi.，例：Birds fly.鸟飞They disappeared.他们消失了。（2）主+连系动词+表语：S+V+P，例：She is a university student.她是一名大学生。He has become a pilot.他已成为一名飞行员。（3）主+及物动词+宾语：S+Vt+O，例：He likes swimming.他喜欢游泳。We help each other.我们互相帮助。（4）主+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语：S+Vt+O+O，例：I

411、 told my friend the good news.我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。They sent us a telegram.他们给我们拍了电报。（5）主+及物动词+宾语+补语：S+Vt+O+C，例：They named the boy Jack.他们给孩子起名叫杰克。I want everything ready by eight oclock.我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。注：S=Subject（主语）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物动词）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物动词）P=Predicative（表语）O=Object（宾语）C=Compleme

412、nt 补语重点、难点：否定陈述句要注意下列几点：（1）否定陈述句主要是在肯定句中加 not 或 no(=not a/any)构成的，除 not 和 no 外，用具有否定意义的副词也可构成否定陈述句。常用的词有 hardly,seldom,never,little,scarcely,barely,rarely 等。（2）其他成分的否定形式有些句子的结构上属于肯定式，但含有否定意义的词，可分以下几种。否定的主语：Nobody will agree with you.没人同意你的意见。None of the students like the novel.没有学生喜欢这本小说。No student

413、here studies Russian.这里没有一个学生学俄语。否定的宾语：We saw nothing in the darkness.在黑暗中我们什么都看不见。He will borrow the book from nobody.他从谁那都借不来这本书。125You must remember not to be late for class.你必须记住上课不准迟到。否定的状语：They came here not by bike but on foot.他不是骑车来的而是走着来的。We could find him nowhere.我们什么地方也找不到他。（3）不定代词 all,bo

414、th,everyone 或 everybody 用于否定句时，表示部分否定。All the trees here are not apple trees.(=Not all the trees here are apple trees.)这里的树并非都是苹果树。（有的是苹果树，有的不是。）Both of the sisters are not nurses.(=Not both of the sisters are nurses.)这姐儿俩并不都是护士。Everybody cant do it.(=Not everybody can do it.)并不是人人都能做这件事。【专项训练】：一、陈述

415、句和疑问句：1、They happy when they hear the news.Awill Bwill be Cwere Ddont 2、“Is your uncle a driver?”“.”ANo,but my aunt is BYes,but my anut is CNo,he doesnt DYes,he does 3、We satisfied with their work.Adont Bare not Cwont Dwerent being 4、He coffee at all.He tea.Adoesnt like,prefers Blikes,doesnt prefer

416、Cwould like,not prefers Dprefers,is not fond of 5、She me only twice since last year.Asees Bwas seeing Chas seen Dhave seen 6、My grandma in the country.Now she in the city.Aused to live,lives Bused to living,lived Cuses to live,is living Dwas used to live,lives 7、You make such mistakes again.126Ashou

417、ld never Bshould not always Cwould always not Dwould not forever 8、“Can you drive a car?”“.”AYes,and Jim cant too BYes,but Jim cant CNo,but Jim can,too DNo,but Jim cant 9、“Are you going to the super market?”“No,.”AI cycle there BI walk there Cto the work DIve already been there 10、In England tea wit

418、h milk or sugar in it.Ausually drinks Bis usually drunk Cusually is drunk Ddrank usually 11、“Is she going to the post office?”“No,.”Ashe doesnt Bshe goes by bike Cto the shops Dshes on the bike 12、Tom like reading at all.He interested in playing basketball.Adoesnt,is Bdoesnt,were Cis,does Dwas,is 13

419、、When home from work?Ado your parents come Bdoes your parents come Chave your parents Dour parents come 14、Which of the students the examination?Anot pass Bdidnt pass Cpass Ddidnt passed 15、They trouble lifting the heavy box.Adidnt have many Bhadnt a lot of Cdidnt have much Dhavent a great deal of 1

420、6、“Did you have breakfast this morning?“.”AYes,I had BYes,I did CNo,I hadnt DNo,I didnt have.17、colour is the cover of the dictionary?AWhat BWhich CHow DWhose 18、“does he brush his teeth a day?”“Twice.”127 AWhat time BHow long CWhen DHow many times 19、There are many pictures on the wall.do you like

421、best?AWhat BWhich one CWhich of the picture DWhich one picture 20、Since when her?Adid you know Bhave you known Cdo you know Dyou know 21、“That ten pound note belongs to me.”“.”AYes,it is BYes,it belongs CNo it doesnt DNo,it isnt 22、“Would you rather wait or come back later?”“.”AId rather come back B

422、Yes,Id rather not wait CNo,Id rather wait Dto come back 23、“shoes do you take?”“Size 42.”AWhich number BWhat number CWhat size DWhat 24、“is the weather like today?”“Its windy.”AWhat BHow CWhat kind DWhich 25、Would you read my composition and correct the mistakes,?Aif have Bif any Cif ever Dif not 26

423、、is the distance between these two villages?AHow far BWhat CHow long DHow much 27、do you go to the cinema?Twice a month.AHow many time BHow much CHow long DHow often 28、How it in English?Ayou say Bdo you speak Cdo you say Dto speak 29、is the population of the city?AHow much BHow many CHow DWhat 30、d

424、id she get this information?128AWhom BWho CWhere DWhat 31、does your watch cost?Two hundred yuan.AHow many BWhat price CWhat DHow expensive 32、About do you want to know more?AWhom Bwho Cwhich Dwhat 33、We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose to her.Awas happening Bto happen Chas

425、happened Dhaving happened 34、Have you heard the news about Jim?No.What?Ais it Bit is Care they Dthey are 35、Would you rather go there by train or by air?.AYes,I would BNo,I wouldnt CYes,by air DBy air 36、I go or you go yourself?AWillwill BShallshall CShallwill DWillshall 37、Do you think the question

426、 easy or not?.AYes,I do BNo,I dont CIt is easy DYes,its easy 38、Shall we stay at home or to the park?Ato go Bgoing Cgo Dwill go 39、writer is better known in China,Charles Dickens or Mark Twain?AWhichever BWhether CWhat DWhich 40、was the Nanjing-Changjiang Bridge open to traffic?It was open to traffi

427、c in 1968.AWhat BWhat time CHow long DWhen 二、感叹句、祈使句41、from Beijing to London!129AHow long way it is BWhat a long way it is CWhat a long way is it DHow long a way is it 42、Oh,John,you gave us!AHow a pleasant surprise BHow pleasant surprise CWhat a pleasant surprise DWhat pleasant surprise 43、terribl

428、e weather weve been having these days!AHow a BWhat a CHow DWhat 44、girl she is!AWhat bright a BHow a bright CHow bright a DWhat a bright 45、we have today?AHow fine day BWhat fine day CHow a fine day DWhat a fine day 46、How flowers are!Abeautiful Bbeautifully Cbeautiful the Dbeautiful that 47、How !Ad

429、oes time fly Btimes fly Ctime flies Dflies time 48、What work he does!Aharder Bhard Chardly Dhardest 49、careful our monitor is!AHow a BHow CWhat a DWhat 50、advice he gave us!AWhat a BHow good CWhat good DHow 51、picture it is!AWhat wonderful BHow a wonderful CWhat wonderful a DHow wonderful a 52、I wis

430、h to pay a visit to Hongkong!AHow do BWhat do CWhat DHow 53、hardworking students they are!AWhat BWhat a CWhat an DHow 13054、long time it lasted!AWhat BWhat a CHow DHow a 55、down the radio.The babys sleeping in the next room.ATurning BTo turn CTurn DTurned 56、Lets football in the street.Anot to play

431、Bnot play Cdont play Dnot playing 57、careful when you cross the street.ADont be BDo be CBeing DDo 58、the child all day long!ALet,not to cry BNot let,cry CDont let,to cry DDont let,cry 59、afraid of make mistakes!ADont be BNot to be CNot being DBe not 60、me again before coming.ACalling BTo call CDo ca

432、lling DCall 三、反意疑问句61、Youd like some coffee,?Awerent you Bwouldnt you Chadnt you Dshouldnt you 62、I dont think he will come to the meeting,?Awill he Bwont he Cdo I Dam I 63、Harry and his brother promised to work harder,.Ado they Bdont they Cdid they Ddidnt they 64、His father knows little about it,he

433、?Adoes Bdoesnt Cis he Disnt 65、We all like reading story books,?Ado we Bdo you Cdont we Ddont you 66、My sister seldom goes to the theatre she?Adoesnt Bdoes Cis Disnt 67、Your father promised to buy a computer for you,he?Aoften,did Bnever,didnt Calready,did Dnever,did 13168、Be sure to write to us,?Awi

434、ll you Barent you Cwould you Dcan you 69、Dont smoke in the meeting room,you?Ado you Bwill you Cwould Dcan 70、Its fine today.Lets go fishing,?Awill we Bshall we Cdo we Ddont we 71、Mary has few friend in Japan,she?Ahas Bdont Cdoesnt Dhasnt 72、There is a beautiful lake in this city,?Aisnt it Bisnt ther

435、e Cis it Dhasnt it 73、There is nothing wrong with my bike,?Ais it Bisnt there Cisnt it Dis there 74、He comes late sometimes,?Aisnt he Bcomes he Cdoesnt he Dis he 75、You are not a new comer,are you?.I came here only yesterday.ANo,I am BYes,I am CNo,Im not DYes,Im not.76、She could hardly believe it,?A

436、couldnt she Bcould she Cdidnt she Ddid she 77、You neednt go,?Acan you Bmust you Cneed you Dmay you 78、You must work hard from now on,?Acan you Bwont you Cmustnt you Dneednt you 79、After walking so long a way,you must have been tired,you?Awere Bhave Chavent Dmustnt 80、He must have left home yesterday

437、,he?Ahasnt Bdidnt Cmustnt Dneednt 81、You dont think Im going out in such wet weather,?Aam I Bdo you Cdont you Ddo I 82、Youd better call in a doctor for your mother,you?132 Ahad Bwould Chadnt Dwouldnt 83、You need to come earlier,you?Adont you Bneednt Cdont Dwont 84、You dare not go alone,you?Adont Bdo

438、 Cdare Ddarent 85、He shouldnt drink so much,he?Ashould Bought Cwould Dwill 86、Nothing can stop us doing that,?Acan we Bcant we Ccant it Dcan it 87、Im late for the meeting,?Aamnt I Barent I Cdont I Darent you 88、Nobody but I knows Japanese in my class,?Adoes he Bdoesnt he Cdo they Ddont they 89、None

439、of the workers attended the party,?Adid they Bdid he Cdidnt he Ddidnt they 90、Everything is right here,?Aisnt it Barent they Care they Dis it 91、A lovely day,?Ais it Bdoes it Cisnt it Ddoesnt it 92、He isnt a diligent boy,for it is the second time he has been late,?Aisnt it Bis he Chas he Dis it 93、M

440、y sister often needs help with her study,?Aneed she Bneednt she Cdoesnt she Ddoes she 94、You should have watered the flower earlier,?Ashouldnt you Bdidnt you Cdont you Dhavent you 95、Learning a foreign language well is not easy,?Ais it Bisnt it Cdoes it Ddoesnt it 96、What a pretty girl,?Aisnt it Bis

441、 it Cis she Disnt she 97、Wang Ping cant be in the bedroom,?133Acan she Bis she Ccant he Disnt he 98、I wish to visit the Palace Museum next week,?Ado I BShall I Cmay I Dcan I 99、Let us do it for you,?Awill you Bwont you Cshall we Dshant we 100、They have to face the difficulty,they?Ado Bdont Chavent D

442、wont【答案】：1、B 2、A 3、B 4、A 5、C 6、A 7、A 8、B 9、D 10、B 11、C 12、A 13、A 14、B 15、C 16、B 17、A 18、D 19、B 20、B 21、C 22、A 23、C 24、A 25、B 26、B 27、D 28、C 29、D 30、C 31、C 32、A 33、C 34、A 35、D 36、C 37、C 38、C 39、D 40、D 41、B 42、C 43、D 44、D 45、B 46、C 47、C 48、B 49、B 50、C 51、D 52、D 53、A 54、B 55、C 56、B 57、B 58、D 59、A 60、D

443、61、B 62、A 63、D 64、A 65、C 66、B 67、D 68、A 69、B 70、B 71、A 72、B 73、D 74、C 75、B 76、B 77、C 78、C 79、C 80、B 81、B 82、C 83、A 84、C 85、A 86、D 87、B 88、C 89、A 90、A 91、C 92、A 93、C 94、B 95、B 96、D 97、B 98、C 99、A 100、B 十四、综合习题名词性从句【专项训练】：1、It doesnt matter I rest or not.Aif Bwhether Cthat Dwhen 1342、I cant understand

444、 is he wants to change his mind.Athat,that Bwhich,what Cwhat,why Dwhat,that 3、I was free that day.AIt happened to BIt happened that CThat happened DIt was happened that 4、He you are not going abroad.Asurprised that Bis surprised whether Cis surprised that Dsurprised at 5、I wonder how much .Acost the

445、 coat Bdoes the coat cost Cthe coat costs Dthe coat is cost 6、I have will be yours sooner or later.ANo matter what BWhatever CWhether DThat 7、in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive in Beijing next Friday.AIt says BHe is said CIt has said DIt is said 8、we go swimming every day us a l

446、ot of good.AIf,do BThat,do CIf,does DThat,does 9、Is this we met them last night.Awhere Bplace Cplace in which Dplace which 10、We all know the truth there are air,water and sunlight there are living things.Awhere Bwherever Cthat Dthat wherever 11、I think it is youre eating too much.Athat Bbecause Cth

447、e reason Dfor 12、It is said has been translated into French.Athat that Bwhich Cthat Dthat which 13、It is still a question we shall have our sports meet.Awhy Bthat Cwhen Dwhich 14、Its not yet clear of those will be chosen to go abroad.Athat Bwhich Cwhom Dwho 13515、These pictures show you .AWhat does

448、our village look like BWhat our village looks live CHow does our village look like Dhow our village looks like 16、Can you make sure the gold necklace?Awhere Alice had put Bwhere did Alice put Cwhere Alice has put Dwhere has Alice put 17、Go and get your glasses.Its you left it.Athere Bwhere Cthere wh

449、ere Dwhere there 18、Do you remember he came?Yes,I do.He came by train.Ahow Bwhen Cwhere Dthat 19、we cant get seems better than we have.AWhat,what BWhat,that CThat,that DThat,what 20、Mother asked me.Awhat was wrong with me Bwhats wrong with me Cwhat wrong was with me Dwhat wrong is with me 21、they ha

450、ve won the game made us excited.A/BThat CWhat DWhere 22、I accept the girl or refuse it is none of your business.AIf BWhether CEven if DWhen 23、he says in his report is a very interesting question.AWhat all BAll what CWhat DWhat that 24、When they will start not been decided.Ahave Bis Cdoes Dhas 25、ce

451、rtain that his invention will lead to the development of production.AThat is BThis is CIt is DIt has 13626、is unknown to us all.AWhere did she put it BWhere she put it CThat where she put it DIn which she put it 27、nothing to do with us.AWhat she did have BWhat she did is CWhat did she do has DWhat

452、she has done has 28、The trouble is we are short of hands.Awhat Bthat Chow Dwhich 29、Energy is makes things work.Awhat Beverything Csomething Dthat 30、My hometown is not it used to ten years ago.Awhen;do Bwhat;do Cwhat;be Dwhen;be 31、The reason I have to go is my mother is ill in bed.Awhy;why Bwhy;be

453、cause Cwhy;that Dthat;because 32、The thought he might fail in the exam worried him.Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dso that 33、That is I lost my pen.Awhen Bwhere Cthat Dwhat 34、Have you any idea?Ahow fast does light travel Bhow quick light travels Chow soon light travels Dhow fast light travels 35、His suggestion

454、 to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.Athat we go Bwhich we should go Cthat we would go Dwe would go 36、He was interested in he had seen at the exhibition.Awhich Bthat Call what Dall that 37、He often thinks of he can do more for his country.Awhat Bhow Cthat Dwhich 38、He made quite cl

455、ear that he wouldnt change his mind.Athis Bthat Cit Dwhat 13739、He got angry with was against his opinion.Awhom Bwho Cwhoever Danyone 40、I dont know.Awhat was the matter outside Bwhat the matter outside was Cwhat was outside the matter Dwhat was happened outside 41、He has come,but I didnt know that

456、he until yesterday.Ais coming Bwill come Cwas coming Dwasnt coming 42、He ran back into the room to see if he anything behind.Ahas forgotten Bhad forgotten Chas left Dhad left 43、The news he died in the battle has got round in the village.Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dthis 44、you say,I wouldnt allow you to do

457、that.AWhat BWhich CWhatever DHowever 45、We are wondering our teacher will come to the party or not.Aif Bthat Cwhy Dwhether 46、he has been getting on well with his studies makes all of us happy.AWhich BHow CWhat DThat 47、That is he failed to arrive on time.Awhere Bwhether Cwhy Dwhen 48、We finally fou

458、nd out to him.Awhat had happened Bwhat has happened Cwhich took place Dwhat has been taken place 49、No one knows when and where.Awas she born Bdid she come from Cshe work Dshe was born 50、The truth the factory would break down made all the workers shocked.Aof which Bthat Cabout that Dwhat 答案：1、B 2、C

459、 3、B 4、C 5、C 6、B 1387、D 8、D 9、A 10、D 11、B 12、A 13、C 14、B 15、B 16、C 17、B 18、A 19、A 20、A 21、B 22、B 23、C 24、D 25、C 26、B 27、D 28、B 29、A 30、C 31、C 32、B 33、B 34、D 35、A 36、D 37、B 38、C 39、C 40、A 41、C 42、D 43、A 44、C 45、D 46、D 47、C 48、A 49、D 50、B 定语从句【专项训练】：一、选择填空：1、It was in that house he used to live the se

460、cret meeting was held.Awhere；where Bthat；that Cwhat；where Dwhere；that 2、The foreign guests,were scientists,were warmly welcomed at the airport.Amost of them Bmost of whom Cmost of that Dmost of those 3、Thats not the book you can find the exact answer.Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere 4、The building over the

461、re is a library,is a department store.Awhere Bwest of which Cto the west of it Din the west of that 5、He was the very one of the students who praised at the class meeting.Awas Bwere Cis Dare 6、She is the girl .Awhose money was stolen Bthe which money was stolen Cwhose money was robbed Dthe which mon

462、ey was robbed 7、This composition is order,makes the teacher .Ain;which;puzzled Bfor;that;happy Cout of;which;angry Dno;it;disappointed 1398、There are 104 elements found in nature,are metals.Amost of it Bmost of which Cmostly Dthat 9、Africa is actually connected with Asia at the spot the Suez Canal w

463、as dug.Awhen Bwhere Cwhich Dand 10、Jack is who knows how to work out the problem.Aone of the boys Bthe only one of the boy Cnot one of the boys Dthe only one of the boys 11、China has many islands,Taiwan is the largest.Ain where Bin that Cof that Dof which 12、Is this factory your friends visited the

464、day before yesterday?Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dthe one 13、We have not had for many weeks.Asuch cold day as this Bsuch cold a day as this Csuch a cold day like this Dsuch a cold day as this 14、The man will never forget the days he spent with Lenin.Awhen Bon which Con that Dthat 15、She is the only one of t

465、he students good at Japanese.Athat is Bthat are Cwhich is Dwhich are 16、The balls are solid,makes them very heavy.Ait Bwhat Cwhich Dthat 17、Is this calculator you borrowed from Jane?Awhich Bone Cthe one Dwhat 18、The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us.Awho Bthat Cwhich

466、 D/19、I suppose the theory he stuck correct.Ato prove Bto proving Cto proved Dprove 20、He is working hard,will make him pass the final exam.140Awho Bthat Cwhich Dit 21、The museum we are going to visit is far form our school.Awhere Bthat Cit Das 22、It is getting hotter and hotter in Wuhan,is usual.Aa

467、nd Bit Cas Dthat 23、We will never forget the days we spent happily together in the mountain village.Awhen Bwhich Cwhere Don which 24、Which of the two sheep you keep produces more milk?Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dthey 25、is known to all,Lu Xun was famous a great thinker.AWhich;for BAs;for CIt;as DAs;as 26、Ar

468、e these glasses?Awhich you wish will be repaired Bthe ones you wish to have repaired Cthe one you wish to repair D that you wish to be repaired 27、The weather turned out to be very good,was more than we could expect.Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dit 28、In the dark street,there wasnt a single person she could t

469、urn for help.Athat Bwho Cfrom whom Dto whom 29、She heard a terrible noise,brought her heart into her mouth.Ait Bwhich Cthis Dthat 30、He paid the boy 10 for washing ten windows,most of hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.Athese Bthose Cthat Dwhich 31、Finally,the thief handed everything he had stol

470、en to the police.Awhich Bwhat Cwhatever Dthat 32、The only thing,I am not sure is the idiom.Afor which Bof which Cthat Dwhich 33、You must give the wallet back it belongs to.Ato whom Bwhom Cto one Dto the person who 14134、Tom as well as his friends who football matches to school today.Alikes;hasnt gon

471、e Blikes;havent gone Clike;hasnt gone Dlike;havent gone 35、You,who ready to offer him your assistance at any time,are a true friend of his.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 36、Such a problem should be settled first.Alike that is Bas this Cas that this is Dlike this is 37、Women receive the same pay in New China.Aa

472、s men Bas that men receive Cas which men did Das men did 38、This is one of the best novels that this year.Ahad appeared Bis appearing Chas appeared Dhave appeared 39、My father is a humorous man.A,whom you met last night,Bwhom you met last night Cwhom you met last night D,whom you met last night 40、A

473、lfred Hitchcock produced a new film called Frenzy.Awho is well-known for thriller movies B,who is well-known for thriller movies,Cwhom is well-known for thriller movies D,whom is well known for thriller movies 41、Ill take you to a newly opened market you may get all you need.Awhich;that Bwhere;that

474、Cin which;which Dwhere;what 42、Li Lin is the only one of the students who to Kunming.Ahas gone Bhave been Cthat is Dhad gone 43、I,your friend,will try my best to help you.Athat is Bwhich am 142 Cwho is Dwho am 44、Do you know anything about the accident in the street yesterday?Ahappened Bhappening Cw

475、hich happened Dwhich was happened 45、Im interested in you have told me.Awhich Ball that Call what Dthat 46、Ill never forget the days I was staying with you.Aon which Bwhich Cthat Dwhen 47、The king had never seen horses the man drew.Asuch;as Bso;as Cso;that Dsuch;which 48、I am reading the same book y

476、ou did yesterday.Alike Bas Cfor Dsince 49、The buses,were already full,were surrounded by passengers.Amost of them Bmost of which Cwhich most Dthat most 50、Have you ever been to Xian,I left ten years ago.Awhere Bwhich Cthat Dwhen 51、We should learn from those are ready to help others.Awho Bwhom Cwhos

477、e Dthey 52、I have two brothers,are doctors.Aboth of them Bboth of who Cboth of whom Dboth of they 53、everybody knows,China has the largest population in the world.AWhich BThat CAs DThe thing 54、Everything can be done should be done.Awhich Bthat Call Dthat 55、This is the house you saw the other day.A

478、that Bwhere Cin which Din that 56、Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?Athat B/Cwhich Dwhat 14357、The first place we visited in that city was a big factory.Awhere Bin which Cthat Dwhich 58、Which is the largest bridge was built across the river?Athat Bwhich Cwhere Don which 59、Please pass me the di

479、ctionary cover is black.Awhich Bits Cwhose Dwhich of 60、is natural,she goes abroad with her husband.AIt BWhat CWhich DAs 61、This is the very place Im wishing to live in.Awhere Bwhich Cthat Din which 62、I think that was the reason our football team lost the game.Athat Bwhich Chow Dwhy 63、The reason h

480、e didnt come was he was injured.Athat,because Bwhy,that Cwhy,because Dthat,that 64、He must be from Africa,can be seen form his skin Athat Bas Cit Dwhat 65、Is it in that factory “Red Flag”cars are made?Ain which Bwhere Cthat Dwhich 二、改错：1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.2、Egypt is

481、 a country where is famous for its pyramids.3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.5、The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.6、We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.7、I know the re

482、ason that she looks so worried.8、He left me the book,that is very useful for me.9、This is the room which food is kept.10、April 15,1976 is the day when well never forget.14411、The man came yesterday is our English teacher.12、I know the student was praised at the meeting last week.13、This is all which

483、 I can do for you.14、Can you think of anyone whos house was here?15、The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well.16、This is the only book that were borrowed from the library.17、The day which she had to leave arrived at last.18、The doctor whom they want to see have come.19、Do you know the y

484、oung man whom has been chosen chairman?20、The park stands at the place that the two rivers meet.21、A plane is a machine can fly.22、It is one of the best pictures which have been sold.23、Those that want to go put up your hands.24、This is the knife with that the doctor did the operation.25、Who is the

485、man whom you said hello just now?【答案】：一、1、D 2、B 3、D 4、B 5、A 6、A 7、C 8、B 9、B 10、D 11、D 12、D 13、D 14、D 15、A 16、C 17、C 18、B 19、C 20、C 21、B 22、C 23、B 24、A 25、D 26、B 27、B 28、D 29、B 30、D 31、D 32、B 33、D 34、C 35、B 36、B 37、A 38、D 39、A 40、B 41、B 42、A 43、D 44、C 45、B 46、D 47、A 48、B 49、B 50、B 51、A 52、C 53、C 54、B

486、 55、A 56、A 57、C 58、A 59、C 60、D 61、C 62、D 63、B 64、B 65、C 二、1、wherethat 2、wherewhich 3、wherewhich 1454、whenthat which 5、thatwhere 6、去掉 there 7、thatwhy 8、thatwhich 9、whichwhere 10、whenwhich that 11、man 后面加 who 12、students 后面加 who 13、whichthat 14、whoswhose 15、去掉 it 16、werewas 17、whichwhen 18、havehas 19、

487、whomwho 20、thatwhere 21、machine 后面加 which that 22、whichthat 23、thatwho 24、thatwhich 25、whomthat 定语从句【专项训练】：、Choice:1、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp.Awhich Bwith Cwith it Dwith which 2、The brave man,the tiger was shot,is a good hunter.Aof whom Bby that Cby whom Dby which 3、The cleve

488、r boy made a hole in the wall,he could see what it was going on inside the house.Aon which Bat which Cthrough which Din which 4、The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.Ain which Bworn by Cthrough which Don which 5、During the days,he worked as a servant at t

489、he Browns.Athat followed Bto follow Cfollowing Dfollowed 6、You may take anything useful.Awhich you want Byou want them Cwhat you want Dyou want 7、My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.Alike Bthat Cas Dwhich 8、The old woman has two sons,one is a teacher.Aof who Bof whom Cof which Dof them 9

490、、You can take any seat is free.Ain which Bthat Cwhere Dwhich 14610、Is there anything to you?Athat belong Bwhich belongs Cthat belongs Dthat is belonged 11、We hope to get such a tool he is using.Awhere Bthat Cas Dwhich 12、Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.Atill Bthat Cs

491、ince Dwhich 13、She hasnt got enough money she buys the rings.Afor which Bwith which Cthat Dwhich 14、Ive read all the books were borrowed from the library.Athey Bwhich C/Dthat 15、This is the best hotel in the city I know.Ait Bwhere Cthat Dwhich 16、Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?Ait Bwhich C/D

492、that 17、The Second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.Aon which Bwhere Cin that Dduring which 18、The train she was travelling was late.Aon that Bfor which Con which Dwhich 19、Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.Aon which Bthat Cwhen Dwhere 20、Ill sho

493、w you a store you may buy all you need.Athat,that Bwhich,that Cwhere,which Din which,/21、I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.Aon which Bon that Cin which Dwhich 22、Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday?Awhy Bwhich Cfor that Dfor why 23、Is some German friends visited l

494、ast week?Athis school where Bthis school one Cthis the school Dthis school 14724、Is there any one in your class family is in the city.Awhose Bwhich Cwhos Dwho 25、Can you lend me the book the other day?Awhich you talked Bthat you talked Cabout that you talked Dyou talked about 26、This is one of the b

495、est films this year.Awhich has been shown Bthat have been shown Cthat have shown Dhave been shown 27、Do you know the man?Athat I spoke BI spoke to Cto who I spoke Dwhom I spoke 28、There are two thousand students in our school,are girls.Atwo-thirds in which Btwo-thirds in them Ctwo-thirds of them Dof

496、 whom two thirds 29、I have bought two ball-pens,writes well.Aneither of them Bnone of them Cneither of which Dnone of which 30、He built a telescope he could study the skies.Aby it Bthrough which Cwith that Din which 31、Do you know the reason he was late?Afor which Bfor what Cwhich Dthat 32、has been

497、said above,grammar is a set of dead rules.AAs BThat CWhat DWhich 33、John got beaten in the game,had been expected.Awho Bwhat Cthat Das 34、Theyre invented me to their party,is kind of them.Athis Bthat Cwhich Das 35、Crusoes dog became ill and died,made him very lonely.Athis Bthat Cwhich Das 36、There i

498、snt so much noise in the country in big cities.148Aas Bwhere Cwhich Dthat 37、I often thought of my childhood,I lived on a farm.Awho Bwhen Cwhere Dwhich 38、Next month,youll be in your hometown,is coming.Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhich 39、The next thing must be done is to make a plan.Awhich Bthat Cwhen D/40

499、、He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school.Athat Bwhen Cwho Dwhich、Fill in the blanks：1、This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980.2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.3、This is the boy father died three years ago.4、The film we saw t

500、he day before yesterday is very interesting.5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?6、1949 is the year the Peoples Republic of China was founded.7、They work in a factory makes radio parts.8、They work in a factory radio parts are made.9、This is the vision phone through we can see and tal

501、k to our friends.10、Here are players from Japan,some of are our old friends.11、She lives in a small village,is only three miles from here.12、She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai,she has some friends.13、Well put off the meeting till next week,we wont be so busy.14、The sun gives the e

502、arth light and heat,is very important to the living things.15、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.16、He was often late,made his teacher very angry.17、Who is the person is standing at the gate?18、He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.、correct the mistakes in

503、the following sentences if there are any:1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.1492、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.5、The house stands at t

504、he place that the two roads meet.6、We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.7、I know the reason that she looks so worried.8、He left me the book,that is very useful for me.9、This is the room which food is kept.10、April 15,1976 is the day when well never forget.11、The man came yesterd

505、ay is our English teacher.12、The students are playing football on the playground are of Class Two.13、This is all which I can do for you.14、Can you think of anyone whos house was here?15、The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well.16、This is the only book that were borrowed from the librar

506、y.17、The day which she had to leave arrived at last.18、The doctor whom they want to see have come.19、Do you know the young man whom has been chosen chairman?20、The park stands at the place that the two rivers meet.21、A plane is a machine can fly.22、It is one of the best pictures which have been sold

507、.23、Those that want to go put up your hands.24、This is the knife with that the doctor did the operation.25、Who is the man whom you said hello just now?【答案】:、1、D 2、C 3、C 4、A 5、A 6、D 7、C 8、B 9、D 10、C 11、C 12、B 13、B 14、D 15、C 16、D 17、D 18、C 19、C 20、D 21、A 22、A 23、C 24、A 25、D 15026、B 27、B 28、D 29、C 30、B

508、 31、A 32、A 33、D 34、C 35、C 36、A 37、B 38、B 39、B 40、A、1、who/that 2、which/that 3、whose 4、which/that 5、who/that 6、when 7、which/that 8、where 9、which 10、whom 11、which 12、where 13、when 14、which 15、who 16、which 17、that 18、that、1、wherethat 2、wherewhich 3、4、whenthat/which 5、thatwhere 6、去掉 there 7、thatwhy 8、thatwhich 9、whichwhere 10、whenwhich/that 11、man 后面加 who 12、students 后面加 who 13、whichthat 14、whoswhose 15、去掉 it 16、werewas 17、whichwhen 18、havehas 19、whomwho 20、thatwhere 21、machine 后面加 which/that 22、whichthat 23、thatwho 24、thatwhich 25、whomthat