1、2020-2021学年上海市金山区张堰中学高二下学期期中英语试卷I. Listening Comprehension(略)II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the gi
2、ven word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Albert Einstein completely changed scientific thought. After he _1_ (develop) the Theory of Relativity, Einstein opened the door for the creation of the atomic bomb. Although Einstein was not famous in his lifetime, he later beca
3、me _2_ (famous) scientist of the 20th century.Although Einstein _3_ (consider) the best example of genius, in the first two decades of his life, many people thought Einstein was the exact opposite. When Einstein didnt talk until was three years old, his parents worried something was wrong with him.
4、Einstein also failed _4_ (impress) his teachers. From elementary school through college, his teachers and professors thought him lazy, sloppy, and insubordinate (不屈服的). Many of his teachers thought he would never amount to anything._5_ appeared to be laziness in class was really boredom. Rather than
5、 just memorizing facts and dates, Einstein preferred to consider questions such as what makes the needle of a compass point in one direction? Why is the sky blue? What would it be like to travel at the speed of light?Unfortunately for Einstein, these were not the types of topics he was taught in sch
6、ool. _6_ his excellent grades, Einstein found regular schooling to be strict and unfair. Things changed for Einstein when he _7_ (treat) Max Talmud friendly, the 21-year-old medical student _8_ ate dinner at the Einsteins once a week. _9_ Einstein was only eleven years old, Max introduced Einstein t
7、o numerous science and philosophy books and then discussed their content with him. Einstein flourished in this learning environment and it wasnt long _10_ Einstein surpassed (超过) what Max could teach him.【答案】1. developed 2. the most famous 3. is considered 4. to impress 5. What 6. Despite 7. treated
8、 8. who#that 9. Although#Though#While 10. before【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了爱因斯坦的成长经历和学习经历。【1题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在他发展了相对论之后，爱因斯坦为原子弹的发明打开了大门。根据“Einstein opened the door for the creation of the atomic bomb”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填developed。【2题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：虽然爱因斯坦在世时并不出名，但他后来成为20世纪最著名的科学家。根据“of the 20th century”可知，此处是指三者或
9、三者以上的比较，所以应用最高级。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词scientist。故填the most famous。【3题详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：尽管爱因斯坦被认为是天才的典范，但在他生命的前二十年里，许多人认为爱因斯坦恰恰相反。爱因斯坦被认为是天才的典范是客观事实，所以此处应用一般现在时。动词consider意为“认为”和从句主语Einstein构成被动关系，从句主语为第三人称单数。故填is considered。【4题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：爱因斯坦也没能给老师留下深刻印象。fail to do sth.意为“没能做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to impress。【5题详解】考查主
10、语从句。句意：在课堂上看似懒惰的其实是无聊。在主语从句中缺少主语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。句首首字母应大写。故填What。【6题详解】考查介词。句意：尽管他的成绩优异，爱因斯坦发现常规的学校教育是严格和不公平的。根据“his excellent grades”和“Einstein found regular schooling to be strict and unfair.”可知，前后构成让步关系，且“his excellent grades”为名词词组，所以应用介词despite表示“尽管”。句首首字母应大写。故填Despite。【7题详解】考查动词时态。句意：当他善待马克斯
11、塔木德时，爱因斯坦的情况发生了变化。21岁的塔木德每周在爱因斯坦家吃一次饭。根据“Things changed”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填treated。【8题详解】考查定语从句。句意：当他善待马克斯塔木德时，爱因斯坦的情况发生了变化。21岁的塔木德每周在爱因斯坦家吃一次饭。此处是限定性定语，从句中缺少主语，且先行词为student，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。【9题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然爱因斯坦只有11岁，但马克斯向他介绍了许多科学和哲学书籍，并与他讨论了书籍的内容。“Einstein was only eleven years old”和“Max
12、 introduced Einstein to numerous science and philosophy books and then discussed their content with him”构成让步关系，此处为让步状语从句，可以用although，though或while表示“尽管”引导从句。句首首字母应大写。故填Although/Though/While。【10题详解】考查固定句式。句意：爱因斯坦在这样的学习环境中茁壮成长，不久爱因斯坦就超越了马克思所能教给他的东西。it wasnt long before意为“很快，没过多久”，为固定句式，此处应用连词before表示“在
13、之前”。故填before。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. abstract B. altering C. constantly D. delicately E. intentional F. loweredG. packed H. reliability I. shaking J. tremble K.
14、vitalIf women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they _11_ at the thought of being seen it public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few ti
15、mes have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe _12_ full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the _13_ creation of waste. Many women sp
16、end vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way waste hours of their time _14_ the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; necklines are _15_ or raised, and so on:No one can claim that the fashi
17、on industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with _16_ things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long
18、as they look right. There can hardly be a man who has not at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman _17_ in a thin dress on a winter day, or _18_ picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn ar
19、e obvious. Do the _19_ changing fashions of womens clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and _20_? That is for you to
20、 decide.【答案】11. J 12. G 13. E 14. B 15. F 16. K 17. I 18. D 19. C 20. H【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为不断变化着的时尚其实质是在故意制造时间和金钱上的浪费，对时尚业是否对社会真正做出重要贡献持完全否定的态度，服装的新潮流是为了在商业上剥削妇女而设的，相比女人，男人能够更理性地审视时尚。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：因为她们一想到穿着过时的衣服出现在公众面前就会发抖，所以她们总是被设计师和大商店利用。根据主语they可知此处要用动词，时态是一般现在时，tremble符合题意。故选J。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意
21、：仔细想想，只有女人才会站在装满衣服的衣橱前悲伤地宣布自己没衣服穿。根据pack和a wardrobe之间是被动关系，可知此处要用过去分词作状语，根据full of clothes可知，packed符合题意。故选G。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：时尚的变化只不过是故意制造浪费。根据名词creation of waste可知此处要用形容词修饰，intentional符合题意。故选E。【14题详解】考查动名词。句意：那些负担不起以这种方式扔掉衣服的妇女浪费了她们的时间来改变她们的衣服。根据waste hours of their time可知此处要用动名词作宾语，altering符合题意。故选B
22、。【15题详解】考查过去分词。句意：裙子可以变长或变短;低领或高领，等等。根据or raised可知此处要用动词的过去分词，lowered符合题意。故选F。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：时装设计师很少关心保暖、舒适和耐用性等重要问题。根据名词things可知此处要用形容词修饰，根据 like warmth, comfort and durability可知，vital符合题意。故选K。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当一个女人在冬天穿着单薄的衣服瑟瑟发抖，或者穿着高跟鞋在厚厚的雪地里小心翼翼地行走时，几乎每个男人都会微笑。根据shake和a woman之间是主动关系，可知此处要用现在分词
23、作状语，根据 in a thin dress on a winter day可知，shaking符合题意。故选I。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：当一个女人在冬天穿着单薄的衣服瑟瑟发抖，或者穿着高跟鞋在厚厚的雪地里小心翼翼地行走时，几乎每个男人都会微笑。根据picking her way可知此处要用副词修饰，delicately符合题意。故选D。【19题详解】考查副词。句意：人们不禁要问，女性服装不断变化的时尚是否反映了无常和不稳定的基本特征？根据changing可知此处要用副词修饰，constantly符合题意。故选C。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：他们一成不变的服装风格是否反映了稳定可靠的基
24、本品质？根据stability and可知此处要用名词，reliability符合题意。故选H。III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.Studies show that older people ten
25、d to remember the positive things in life rather than the negative things, while younger people remember the positive and negative equally well. The dominant psychological theory to explain this is that older people are aware of their limited time left, so they _21_ positive emotional experiences. B
26、ut about a decade ago, I worked with biologist Robert Trivers on his idea that there was a(n) _22_ basis for older peoples increased positive outlook. Our research took us in the fascinating direction of exploring how the body _23_ its energy.When our _24_ needed more energy than usual perhaps while
27、 being chased by a tiger, they had to get that energy from somewhere in the body. Could they borrow it from the brain? That organ uses 20 percent of our metabolic output, whether we are solving math problems or watching television reruns. Due to this constant energy requirement, borrowing energy fro
28、m the brain when our need _25_ the available supply is not an option. Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles. Because we use far more muscle energy when we are active than when at rest, _26_, we could borrow energy when we are sitting. But the problem is that most of the energy-demanding em
29、ergencies of our ancestors _27_ a muscular response. There was no way to borrow energy from our muscles during an emergency because relaxing when a tiger showed up was not a(n) _28_ response. This brings us to our immune system, which, when _29_ protects us from many illnesses and diseases. Like the
30、 brain, the immune system works at great metabolic cost, but largely in the _30_of keeping us healthy in the future. We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a(n) _31_ break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our i
31、mmune function. When youre being chased by a tiger, you dont need to waste energy making immune cells to fight off tomorrows cold. What you need is to _32_ all available energy resources to your legs, with the hope that you will live to experience another cough or sneeze._33_, our immune system evol
32、ved to run in maximum amounts when were happy, but to slow down dramatically when were not. With this background in mind, Trivers supposed that older people evolved a strategy of turning this relationship on its head, becoming more _34_ the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immun
33、e functioning. This was helped along by their knowing much more about the world than younger adults, so they can deal with some of the _35_ things in life more easily.21. A. switchB. energizeC. prioritizeD. undergo22. A. regularB. evolutionaryC. solidD. fundamental23. A. usesB. squeezesC. spreadsD.
34、classifies24. A. bodiesB. generationsC. ancestorsD. seniors25. A. surpassesB. meetsC. respondsD. requires26. A. at randomB. in principleC. at timesD. in case27. A. rejectedB. neglectedC. expectedD. required28. A. objectiveB. effectiveC. emergentD. negative29. A. vulnerableB. efficientC. defensiveD.
35、strong30. A. serviceB. basisC. searchD. shift31. A. momentaryB. voluntaryC. energeticD. intensive32. A. submitB. activateC. shiftD. accumulate33. A. In the meantimeB. On the contraryC. In the endD. As a result34. A. addicted toB. free ofC. focused onD. enthusiastic about35. A. emotionalB. crucialC.
36、unforgettableD. depressing【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，老年人更加关注积极的事情。文章从进化角度分析了产生这一现象的理论基础。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：解释这一现象的主流心理学理论是，老年人意识到自己剩下的时间有限，所以他们会优先考虑积极的情感体验。A. switch 改变，转换；B. energize 给增添能量；C. prioritize 优先处理，优先考虑
37、；D. undergo 经历，经受。根据第一段中的“older peoples increased positive outlook”可知，老年人的人生观更为积极。由此可知，当他们意识到自己的时间有限的时候，他们会“优先考虑”积极的情感体验。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是大约十年前，我和生物学家罗伯特特里弗斯一起研究他的观点，他认为老年人越来越积极的人生观是有进化基础的。A. regular 定期的，有规律的；B. evolutionary 进化的，发展的； C. solid 固体的；D. fundamental 基本的，根本的。根据第二段中的“When our 4 ev
38、olved to run in maximum amounts”可知，从第二段到最后一段，作者从进化的角度分析了Robert Trivers的理论。由此可知，老年人越来越积极的人生观是有进化基础的。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究将我们带向了探索人体如何利用能量的迷人的方向。A. uses 使用；B. squeezes 榨出，挤出；C. spreads 传播，散布；D. classifies 将分类。根据第二段中的“when our 4 needed more energy”和第三段中的“when our body needs extra energy, one of
39、the places it goes is our immune function”可知，作者从第二段到第三段分析了我们的身体需要能量的时候能量的来源。该句是对下文内容的总结，由此可知，该处应指身体如何“使用”它的能量。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们的祖先在被老虎追赶时需要比平时更多的能量时，他们不得不从身体的某个地方获取能量。A. bodies 身体；B. generations 代；C. ancestors 祖先；D. seniors 较年长的人。根据第一段内容可知，作者从进化论的角度分析我们对身体能量的使用。再结合第7小题前面的“our ancestors”可以推知
40、，该句应该是从我们的“祖先”开始分析这个问题。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于这种持续的能量需求，当我们的需求超过可用的供应时，我们就无法选择从大脑借用能量。A. surpasses 超越，胜过；B. meets 相遇；C. responds 响应，做出反应；D. requires 要求，需要。根据前面的“Due to this constant energy requirement”和后面的“Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles”可知，人们对大脑的能量需求持续不断，那么，在大脑不能提供所需能量的时候，我们就需要从我们
41、的肌肉来获取能量。故该处应指当我们的需求“超过”可用的供应时，从大脑来借用能量就不是一个好的选择了。故选A。【26题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：因为我们在活跃的时候比休息的时候消耗更多的肌肉能量，所以原则上我们可以在坐着的时候借用能量。A. at random 胡乱地，随意地；B. in principle 大体上，原则上；C. at times 有时候；D. in case 以防，万一。根据前面的“Because we use far more muscle energy when we are active than when at rest”可知，我们在活跃的时候比休息的时候消耗更多的
42、肌肉能量。由此可知，根据这个原则，坐着的时候身体不那么活跃，所以我们可以在坐着的时候借用能量。故选B。27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但问题是，我们祖先的大多数需要能量的紧急情况都需要肌肉的反应。A. rejected 拒绝；B. neglected 忽视，忽略；C. expected 期望，预料；D. required 要求，需要。第二段开头提到“被老虎追赶”的情景。根据常识，被老虎追赶时，人需要快速跑动，这就“需要”肌肉的反应。故选D。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在紧急情况下，我们无法从肌肉中借用能量，因为老虎出现时放松并不是一种有效的反应。A. objective 客观的
43、；B. effective 有效的；C. emergent 新兴的，处于发展初期的；D. negative 消极的，否定的。老虎出现时，肌肉处于放松状态的话，就不能帮助人们快速逃跑。因此，放松并不是一种“有效的”反应。故选B。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就涉及到我们的免疫系统，当免疫系统具有防御功能时，它会保护我们免受许多疾病的侵袭。A. vulnerable 脆弱的，易受伤害的；B. efficient 有效率的，高效的；C. defensive 防御性的，自卫的；D. strong 强壮的。根据后面的“protects us from many illnesses and d
44、iseases”可知，免疫系统可以保护人们免受很多疾病的侵袭，也就是说，它具有“防御功能”。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：和大脑一样，免疫系统也要付出巨大的代谢代价，但在很大程度上是为了让我们在未来保持健康。A. service 服务；B. basis 基础，根据；C. search 搜寻；D. shift 转移，改变。免疫系统主要是让人们在未来保持健康，这是它对人体做出的“服务”。故选A。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们有大量的免疫细胞流经我们的身体，暂时停止生产是没问题的。A. momentary 瞬间的，短暂的；B. voluntary 自愿的；C. ener
45、getic 精力充沛的；D. intensive 集中的，加强的。根据前面的“We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body”可知，流经我们身体的免疫细胞非常多，因此，免疫细胞“暂时”停止生产是可以的。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你所需要的是把所有可用的能量转移到你的腿上，希望你能活下去，再经历一次咳嗽或打喷嚏。A. submit 提交，呈递，使服从；B. activate 刺激，激活；C. shift 转移，变换；D. accumulate 积累，积聚。根据前面的“When youre
46、 being chased by a tiger, you dont need to waste energy making immune cells to fight off tomorrows cold”可知，当你被老虎追赶时，你不需要浪费能量制造免疫细胞来抵御明天的感冒。因此，这时我们需要做的就是把可用的能量“转移”到腿上，提高逃跑的速度。故选C。【33题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：结果，我们的免疫系统进化到当我们快乐的时候最大限度地运转，而当我们不快乐的时候，免疫系统就会急剧减速。A. In the meantime 其间，同时；B. On the contrary 相反地；C. I
47、n the end 终于，最后；D. As a result 结果。根据后面的“our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when were happy, but to slow down dramatically when were not”可知，该句叙述的是免疫系统进化的结果：当我们快乐的时候最大限度地运转，而当我们不快乐的时候，免疫系统就会急剧减速。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有了这样的背景，特里夫斯假设老年人进化出一种策略来彻底改变这种关系，变得更加关注生活中积极的事情，以努力增强他们的免疫功能。A. ad
48、dicted to 沉迷于；B. free of 无的，摆脱的；C. focused on 集中于上；D. enthusiastic about 对热心。根据后面的“in an effort to enhance their immune functioning”可知，老年人为了提高免疫功能，他们更加“关注”生活中积极的事情。故选C。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这得益于他们比年轻人更了解世界，所以他们可以更容易地处理生活中的一些令人沮丧的事情。A. emotional 情绪的；B. crucial 至关重要的；C. unforgettable 令人难忘的；D. depressing
49、 令人沮丧的。根据前面的“their knowing much more about the world than younger adults”可知，老年人比青年人更了解世界，由此可知，老年人更关注生活中积极的事情，他们更容易处理生活中“令人沮丧的”事情。故选D。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices
50、 marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Math, Taught like FootballGrowing up, I thought math class was something to be endured, not enjoyed. I disliked memorizing formulas and taking tests, all for the dull goal of
51、getting a good grade. But my problem wasnt with math itself. In fact, I spent countless hours as a child doing logic and math puzzles on my own, and as a teenager, when a topic seemed particularly interesting, I would go to the library and read more about it.By high school, none of my teachers quest
52、ioned my mathematical talent, but none of them really encouraged it, either. No one told me that I could become a professional mathematician. What I wanted to do then was to play college football. My ambition was to get an athletic scholarship to attend a Big Ten school.The chances of that happening
53、 were very low. In high school, I was just an above-average athlete and my high school was not a “feeder” school for college sports programs.That didnt stop me from dreaming, though. And it didnt stop my coaches from encouraging me to believe I could reach my goal, and preparing and pushing me to wo
54、rk for it. They made video tapes of my performances and sent them to college coaches around the country. It didnt matter that I didnt initially attract much interest from the big schools. My coaches kept picking up the phone, and kept convincing me to try to prove myself. In the end, a Big Ten schoo
55、l, Pennstate, did offer me a scholarship.A growing body of research shows that students are affected by more than just the quality of a lesson plan. They also respond to the passion of their teachers and the engagement of their peers, and they seek a sense of purpose. They benefit from specific inst
56、ructions, constant feedback and a culture of earning that encourages resilience in the face of failure.Until I got to college, I didnt really know what mathematics was. I still thought of it as problem sets and laborious computations. Then one day, one of my professors handed me a book and suggested
57、 that I think about a particular problem. It wasnt easy, but it was fascinating.My professor kept giving me problems, and I kept pursuing them. Before long, he was introducing me to problems that had never been solved before and urging me to find new techniques to help crack them.I am now a Ph. D. c
58、andidate in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and I have published several papers in mathematical journals. I still feel that childlike excitement every time I complete a proof. I wish Id known this was possible when I was a kid.36. Why did the writer think math class in scho
59、ol was “something to be endured” before entering college?A. Because he wasnt interested in math.B. Because his math teachers didnt care to push him.C. Because he was too smart and talented for math class.D. Because he was training hard for an athletic scholarship.37. According to the writer, student
60、s are affected by the following things from teachers or coaches EXCEPT _.A. passionB. constant feedbackC. a sense of purposeD. specific instructions38. We can conclude that after entering college, the writer_.A. was busy looking for problem sets to crackB. began to realize what mathematics really is
61、C. met with laborious computations in his studiesD. studied on his own just as he was in high school39. What does “this” in the last sentence mean?A. Feeling the children excitement.B. Different mathematical research.C. Generating curiosity and creativity.D. Being a professional mathematician.【答案】36
62、 B 37. C 38. B 39. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者大学以前不喜欢数学，老师也没有逼他。作者希望数学老师更像足球教练那样给与他鼓励。学生不仅会受到教案质量的影响。他们还会对老师的热情和同龄人的参与做出反应，并寻求目标感。到了大学后，作者才真正知道数学是什么。它更接近于作者小时候独自做的数学和逻辑难题，它给了作者同样的好奇心和好奇心，它奖励了作者的创造力。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“By high school, none of my teachers questioned my mathematical talent, but none of
63、them really encouraged it, either. No one told me that I could become a professional mathematician.。到了高中，我的老师没有一个质疑过我的数学天赋，但也没有一个真正鼓励我的数学天赋。没有人告诉我，我可以成为一个专业数学家。”可知在学校的时候他的数学老师不愿意督促、逼迫他。故选B。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“A growing body of research shows that students are affected by more than just the quality of
64、 a lesson plan. They also respond to the passion of their teachers and the engagement of their peers, and they seek a sense of purpose. They benefit from specific instructions and constant feedback(反馈). 越来越多的研究表明，影响学生的不仅仅是教学计划的质量。他们还会对老师的热情和同龄人的参与做出回应，他们还会寻求一种使命感。他们受益于特定的指令和持续的反馈。”可知他们受到老师的热情，具体的指导和
65、同龄人不断的反馈的影响。而目标感是学生自己的。故选C。【38题详解】细节理解题，根据第五段“Until I got to college, I didnt really know what mathematics was. 直到上了大学，我才真正知道数学是什么。”可知作者进入大学才开始意识到数学到底是什么，故选B。【39题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“I am now a Ph. D. candidate in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and I have published several pa
66、pers in mathematical journals. I still feel that childlike excitement every time I complete a proof. I wish Id known this was possible when I was a kid. 我现在在麻省理工学院攻读数学博士学位，我在数学期刊上发表过几篇论文。每当我完成一个证明，我仍然能感受到那种孩子般的兴奋。我希望在我还是个孩子的时候就知道这是可能的。”可知，划线处“this”指代上文提到的攻读数学博士，发表论文等，即成为一名专业的数学家。故选D。 (B)Suppose you
67、work in a big firm and find English very important for your job because you often deal with foreign businessmenNow you are looking for a place where you can improve your English, especially your spoken EnglishHere are some advertisements about English language training from newspapersYou may find th
68、e information you needGlobal English CenterGeneral English in all four skills：listening, speaking, reading, and writing3-month(700yuan), 6-month(1200yuan)and one-year(2000yuan)coursesChoice of morning or evening classes, 3 hours per dayMon-FriExperienced college English teachersClose to city center
69、and bus stopsTel：67605272Add：105 Zhongshan Road, 100082Modern Language SchoolSpecial courses in English for businesstraveling, banking, hotel management and office skillsSmall classes(12-16 students)on SatSunFrom 200500pmNative English teachers from Canada and USALanguage lab and computers supplied3
70、-month course：1,050yuan; 6-month course：1,850yuanWrite or phone：Modern Language School, 675Park Road100056Tel：67353019The 21st Century English raining CenterWe specialize in effective teaching at all levelsWe offer morning or afternoon classes, both of which last three months and a half at a cost of
71、 800yuanWe also have a six-week TOEFL preparation class during winter and summer holidaysEntrance exams：June 1 and Dec1Only 15-minute walk from city center.Call 67801642 for more informationThe International House of EnglishThree/Six-month English courses for students of all levels at very low cost：
72、60yuan for 13 hours per week; convenient class hours：9001200am and 200500pmA four-month evening program for developing speaking skills(same cost as day classes).Well-trained Chinese and foreign teachers experienced in teaching English as a second/foreign languageFree sightseeing and social activitie
73、sVery close to Central ParkFor further information call 6743230840. You work from 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. every day. Which school will you choose?A. Global English Center and the International HouseB. Global English Center and Modern Language SchoolC. Modern Language School and the 21st CenturyD. The
74、 21st Century and the International House41. The 21st Century is different from the other three schools in that _.A. its teaching quality is betterB. it requires an entrance examC. its courses are more advancedD. it is nearest to the city center42. You will probably prefer to go to the International
75、 House because it _.A. offers sightseeing and social activities at low pricesB. costs less than the other schoolsC. has a special course in spoken EnglishD. has native English teacher【答案】40. A 41. B 42. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了一些报纸上关于英语培训的广告。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据Global English Center中的“Choice of morning or
76、evening classes, 3 hours per dayMon-Fri”（可选择早晚课程，每天3小时。周一至周五）根据The International House of English中的“A four-month evening program for developing speaking skills(same cost as day classes).”（一个为期四个月的夜间课程，用于培养口语技能（费用与日间课程相同）。由此可知，这两则广告都提供晚间课程。所以你每天从早上9:00工作到下午4:30，你会选择Global English Center and the Inter
77、national House。故选A项。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据The 21st Century English raining Center中的“Entrance exams：June 1 and Dec1”（入学考试：6月1日和12月1日）可知，The 21st Century English不同于其他三所学校，因为它需要入学考试。而其它的广告都没有此要求。故选B项。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据The International House of English中的“A four-month evening program for developing speaking skill
78、s(same cost as day classes).”（一个为期四个月的夜间课程，用于培养口语技能（费用与日间课程相同）。由此可知，你可能更喜欢去International House因为它有一门特别的英语口语课程。故选C项。（C）Press your fingers into the back of your head,just above your neck. If you feel a small bony bump, you may find evidence of human evolution:it could be your body responding to common
79、 smartphone use in the 21st century.According to a recent study,published in Scientific Reports,young people increasingly have bony bumps at the base of their skulls,right above the neck.Medical professionals call them enlarged external occipital protuberances (EEOPs, 枕外隆突).Australian health scienti
80、st David Shahar,author of the study,told the BBC that over the past 10 years hes seen more and more patients with EEOPs. Together with other researchers from the University of the Sunshine Coast,Australia,they examined 1,200 skull x-rays from people aged 18-30. They also measured the bumps and noted
81、 each persons posture.They found that one in four people had developed these growths. This led to their theory that smartphones are the cause.According to their research,looking down at our phones adds stress onto the top of our spines(脊柱）。 To prevent damage to our spines, Shahar believes our bodies
82、 add fresh bony bump to help reduce the extra stress.Most of the EEOPs measured just a few millimeters. However,several subjects were found with EEOPs as large as 30 mm.In his report,Shahar said the results “highlightedthe need for intervention. In other words, we need to change our posture while us
83、ing our phones.Many people assume our bones are solid and unmoving once we reach adulthood. In reality, they are alive and covered with blood vessels, which allows them to develop in unique ways for each person.Aside from EEOPs, other noticeable recent changes in human bodies include shrinkingjaws,
84、narrower elbows and generally smaller skeletons(骨骼）。The human body is adapting to modern life, so who knows what people in the future might look like?43. What did the recent study find about EEOPs?A. They grow on ones neck.B. They may stop growing when you reach 30.C. They could lead to many health
85、problems.D. They increasingly occur among young people.44. What is the main cause of EEOPs?A. Gene problems.B. Aging bone layers.C. Cellphone use.D. Extra stress.45. Which of the following would Shahar probably agree with?A. EEOPs increase the stress on our spines.B. EEOPs are actually beneficial to
86、 our spines.C. Young peoples bones adapt in similar ways.D. Young people should exercise to improve their posture.46. Whats the main purpose of the text?A. To persuade readers to protect their spines.B. To recommend some healthy habits of using phones.C. To explain why human bodies develop EEOPs.D.
87、To show some recent changes in human bodies.【答案】43. D 44. C 45. D 46. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了人体产生枕外隆突是为了适应现代生活。43题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“According to a recent study, published in Scientific Reports, young people increasingly have bony bumps at the base of their skulls, right above the neck.”(根据最近发表在科学报告上的
88、一项研究，越来越多的年轻人在脖子正上方的头骨底部出现骨肿块。)和第二句 “Medical professionals call them enlarged external occipital protuberances (EEOPs, 枕外隆突).”(医学专家称之为增大的枕外隆突EEOPs。)可知，最近的研究发现枕外隆突越来越多地发生在年轻人身上。故选D。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“This led to their theory that smartphones are the cause.”(这导致了他们的理论，即智能手机是原因。)可知，枕外隆突的主要原因是智能手机的使
89、用。故选C。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据倒第二段“Many people assume our bones are solid and unmoving once we reach adulthood. In reality, they are alive and covered with blood vessels, which allows them to develop in unique ways for each person. ”(许多人认为，一旦我们成年，我们的骨骼就会是坚固的、不动的。事实上，它们是活的，并且覆盖着血管，这使得它们能够以每个人独特的方式生长。)可知，Shaha
90、r可能会认同年轻人可以在成年后通过锻炼改善骨骼的观点。故选D。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“If you feel a small bony bump, you may find evidence of human evolution:it could be your body responding to common smartphone use in the 21st century.”(如果你感觉到一个小肿块，你可能会发现人类进化的证据：这可能是你的身体对21世纪常见的智能手机使用做出的反应。)，第四段最后一句 “This led to their theory that
91、smartphones are the cause.”(这导致了他们的理论，即智能手机是原因。)，第五段第二句“To prevent damage to our spines, Shahar believes our bodies add fresh bony bump to help reduce the extra stress.”(为了防止对脊椎的损伤，沙哈尔相信我们的身体会增加新的骨瘤来帮助减少额外的压力。)和最后一段“Aside from EEOPs, other noticeable recent changes in human bodies include shrinkingj
92、aws, narrower elbows and generally smaller skeletons. The human body is adapting to modern life, so who knows what people in the future might look like?”(除了枕外隆突之外，人体最近的其他显著变化包括下颚萎缩、肘部变窄和骨骼普遍变小。人体正在适应现代生活，谁知道未来的人会是什么样子呢？)可知，文章的主要目的是解释人体产生枕外隆突是为了适应现代生活，即解释人体为什么会产生枕外隆突。故选C。Section CDirections: Read the
93、 passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The more you know about how colleges in the United States choose their students, the better chance you will have of getting in. If
94、 you understand how to evaluate yourself, how to research schools, and how to see differences between one college and another, your chances will be very good. _47_You will be choosing 10 or 12 colleges that you must get to know very well. You can read about them, research them online, and find other
95、 Chinese students at the school. _48_ Find the email address of the admissions office on the college website and ask for the names and email addresses of other Chinese students._49_ The more you learn what a particular college is like, even if you have never heard of it before, the more informed cho
96、ices you will be able to make. That means collecting information from many sources. Its easy to believe what others say, things like “Someone told me that Colorado College is too small,” and “Someone told me that Michigan is too big.” The truth is that every college has something for someone. _50_ N
97、ot even the Ivy League schools! Just because you have heard the name of a college does not mean it will be a good place for you. Just because you have not heard the name of a college does not mean that you will not like it.Look only at four-year, accredited(鉴定合格的), residential colleges where at leas
98、t 75 percent of the students live on campus. You must apply to some that are easier to get into than others. The typical residential college of 2,000 students feels different from a state university of 20,000 students. Most colleges of 2,000 are communities where everyone gets to know each other, an
99、d professors spend a lot of time with the students.A. You can email them about campus life.B. Firstly, choose some colleges youd like to go.C. There is no college that is wonderful for everyone.D. The following is something you may need to know about.E. So dont believe in what others tell you withou
100、t any research by yourself.F. Try hard to keep an open mind as you research the hundreds of colleges in the US.【答案】47. D 48. A 49. F 50. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了学生应该学会研究学校和学校之间的差异，同时，作者就“选择美国大学以增加自己被录取机会”方面提出了建议，比如向在校生了解学校情况，多渠道研究而不是道听途说，选择四年制鉴定合格的住宿大学。【47题详解】设空句在第一段段末，应起到承前启后的作用。前文“The more you kno
101、w about how colleges in the United States choose their students, the better chance you will have of getting in. (你对美国大学如何选择学生了解得越多，你被录取的机会就越大。)”提及择校时对学校的了解可以提高录取率，因此设空句应包含核心词汇“了解”，同时引出后文段落。选项D“The following is something you may need to know about.(以下是你可能需要知道的事情。)”中“know about”呼应核心词汇，且“The following”
102、起到引出下文的作用，使得前后衔接紧密。故选D项。【48题详解】根据前文“You can read about them, research them online, and find other Chinese students at the school.(你可以阅读他们的资料，在网上搜索他们，并在学校里找到其他中国学生。)”提到要找中国学生了解学校情况，由此可推知，设空句应提及以什么样的方式向中国学生了解，且后文“Find the email address of the admissions office on the college website and ask for the na
103、mes and email addresses of other Chinese students.(在学校网站上找到招生办的电子邮件地址，询问其他中国学生的姓名和电子邮件地址。)”提到了核心词汇“email”，因此设空句应讲述“用邮件的方式联系他们”以使前后文衔接。选项A“You can email them about campus life.(你可以对于校园生活给他们发邮件。)”在句意上衔接前后文，且存在核心词汇“email”，符合词汇复现原则。故选A项。【49题详解】设空句为该段的主旨句。根据后文“The more you learn what a particular college
104、 is like, even if you have never heard of it before, the more informed choices you will be able to make. That means collecting information from many sources. (你对一所大学了解得越多，即使你以前从未听说过它，你也能做出更明智的选择。这意味着要从多种渠道收集信息。)”可知，该段主要讲述了要多渠道了解学校信息，不能只听片面之词，即，“keep an open mind”，选项F“Try hard to keep an open mind as
105、 you research the hundreds of colleges in the US.(当你对美国数百所大学进行研究时，要努力保持开放的心态。)”贴合该段主旨要义，符合语境分析。故选F项。【50题详解】分析语境可知，前文的举例“Its easy to believe what others say, things like Someone told me that Colorado College is too small, and Someone told me that Michigan is too big.(人们很容易相信别人说的话，比如“有人告诉我科罗拉多大学太小了”、“
106、有人告诉我密歇根大学太大了”。)说明了每个人都有些许对学校的“消极”看法，因此，设空句应是与前一句“The truth is that every college has something for someone.(事实上，每一所大学都有适合某人的东西。)”共同作为总结句，总结这些看法。选项C“There is no college that is wonderful for everyone.(没有一所大学对每个人来说都是美好的。)”是对这些看法的总结，且在语义上与前一句衔接紧密。故选C项。IV. Summary Writing51. Directions: Read the follow
107、ing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.Are you a textaholic?Do you spend over an hour each day texting your friends? Do you frequently neglect work study and leisure activities to check your phone for t
108、ext message? Are you moody and emotional if you are separated from your mobile phone? Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs from texting too much?If you answered Yes to any of the above questions, then the chances are that you are a textaholic.A textaholic can be def
109、ined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving text messages.The main symptoms are strong will to text which takes precedence over (优先于) everything else, and withdrawal symptoms (戒断症状)if messages fail to come in, leading to anger, depression and a lack of self-respect.Other problems includ
110、e sleeplessness, eye strain, and repetitive strain injury due to constant messaging, not to mention expensive phone bills.The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems.Experts warn that text add
111、iction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young.So what can you do if you think you may be textaholic? The key is to get your life back in balance.Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobil
112、e phone behind occasionally when you go out.Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages.Not only will you save time and money, but yo
113、u may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication.【答案】Textaholics are those who cant live without text messages, without which health problems may arise physically and mentally. （要点1）The problem is caused by mental trouble a person has in life.（要点2）To solve it, one should try to live a balanc
114、ed life, getting isolated from the mobile phone and having more personal communication with family and friends.（要点3）【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作。【详解】读完所给文章后用不多于60个词总结文章要点，要尽量用自己的语言。这是一篇议论文，通读全文可以从以下三方面进行概括：要点一：短信狂是指那些生活中离不开短信的人，没有短信就可能出现身体和精神上的健康问题。可用到的词汇有：arise, physically and mentally, health problem等要点二：这
115、个问题是由生活中的精神问题引起的。可用到的词汇有：cause, metal trouble等。要点三：为了解决这个问题，一个人应该尝试过一种平衡的生活，远离手机，与家人和朋友有更多的私人交流。可用到的词汇有：solve， try to do sth., a balanced life, isolated, personal communication等。本篇以一般现在时为主。V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
116、.52. 这档节目是否办下去取决于观众的态度。（depend）（汉译英）【答案】Whether the show will continue depends on the attitude of the audience.【解析】【详解】考查时态和主语从句。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为“Whether the show will continue，谓语为 depend on”，句子做主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称，宾语为the attitude of the audience。故填Whether the show will continue depends on the attitud
117、e of the audience.53. 人们经常把米其林(Michelin)星级餐厅与精致的食物,优质的服务联系在一起。（associate）（汉译英）【答案】Michelin-starred restaurants are often associated with fine food and excellent service.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查be动词、固定短语和时态。分析句意可知，本句可以用被动语态来突出“米其林星级餐厅”，即在翻译时省略“人们”，将“米其林星级餐厅”做主语；表示“米其林星级餐厅”应用名词短语Michelin-starred restaurants，表示经
118、常用often；根据提示词associate及句意可知，此处考查固定结构be associated with，意为“和联系在一起；因为主语Michelin-starred restaurants是复数，所以谓语动词用are或were；由句中的经常（often）可知，此处应用一般现在时，所以谓语动词应用are；表示“精致的食物”用短语fine food；表示“优质的服务”用短语excellent service，两个短语可用连词and连接。故翻译为Michelin-starred restaurants are often associated with fine food and excell
119、ent service。54. 这名有伤的运动员不顾伤势加重的风险，依然决定参加比赛。（regardless）（汉译英）【答案】The injured athlete decided to take part in the race regardless of the risk of further injury.【解析】【详解】考查形容词，动词，动词短语和固定句型。表达：有伤的运动员，英语用the injured athlete ；表达：决定做某事，英语用decide to do；参加比赛，用take part in the race ；不顾，用regardless of；伤势加重的风险：
120、the risk of further injury。根据句意可知是过去的事实，要用一般过去时。故整句翻译为：The injured athlete decided to take part in the race regardless of the risk of further injury.55. 中国人民如此注重生活水平的提高，很多人已将电瓶车换上了小汽车。（So）（汉译英）【答案】So much do the Chinese people pay attention to the improvement of their living standards that many peop
121、le have replaced their electric cars with cars.【解析】【详解】考查部分倒装、固定搭配、一般现在时和现在完成时。根据提示可知，表示“如此以至于”应用固定搭配so.that.。表示“中国人民”应用the Chinese people作主句主语，表示“注重”应用固定搭配pay attention to，表示“如此”应用so much作状语修饰动词pay。表示“生活水平”应用固定搭配living standard，此处应用复数形式表示很多中国人的生活水平。表示“提高”应用名词improvement，表示“的提高”应用the improvement of。
122、当so .that放在句首时，主句应用部分倒装。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。表 示“很多人”应用many people，表示“用替换”应用固定搭配replace.with.。表示“电瓶车”应用electric car，表示“小汽车”应用名词car，此处应用复数形式表示很多。表示“已经”应用现在完成时。再结合其它汉语意思，故翻译为So much do the Chinese people pay attention to the improvement of their living standards that many people have replaced their electr
123、ic cars with cars.。56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学的王华，你校学生会将举办主题为“Looking for the Chinese Spirit”的英语演讲比赛， 请你作为参赛者写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：1. 描述生活中最感动你的一个人或一件事，并说明其体现了怎样的中国精神；2. 你获得的启发及感受（注意：请勿出现真实的姓名与学校）_【答案】Today, the
124、Chinese spirit is reflected in all aspects of life. A few days ago, the local news reported a real story that a young man donated bone marrow to a stranger. A few months ago, after completing a series of strict blood tests, he completed the collection of hematopoietic stem cells. A month later, he r
125、eceived the exciting news that his stem cells were successfully matched with those of an out-of-town patient who is in need of a bone marrow transplant, so he decided to donate hematopoietic stem cells without hesitation. Due to the long recovery process after the operation, he had to give up his cu
126、rrent job. Speaking of his economic loss, he said that compared with saving a persons life, this loss is nothing.Till now, I still have been deeply moved by what this young man had done, as his deed embodies the Chinese spirit of selfless dedication.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是提纲类作文，要求写一篇演讲稿。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写
127、一篇演讲稿：假设你是明启中学的王华，你校学生会将举办主题为“Looking for the Chinese Spirit”的英语演讲比赛， 请你作为参赛者写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：1. 描述生活中最感动你的一个人或一件事，并说明其体现了怎样的中国精神；2. 你获得的启发及感受。时态应为一般过去时。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； Chinese Spirit（中国精神），reflect（反映），embody（体现），move（感动）， donate（捐献）及selfless dedication（无私奉献）等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步
128、：连句成文，注意使用恰当连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有be matched with（与相匹配），speak of（谈到），compare with (与相比)，in need of（需要），without hesitation（毫不犹豫）以及give up（放弃），而且还使用了同位语从句“A few days ago, the local news reported a real story that a young man donated bone marrow
129、 to a stranger.”，定语从句“A month later, he received the exciting news that his stem cells were successfully matched with those of an out-of-town patient who is in need of a bone marrow transplant, ”，宾语从句“Till now, I still have been deeply moved by what this young man had done, as his deed embodies the Chinese spirit of selfless dedication.”，原因状语从句“Due to the long recovery process after the operation, he had to give up his current job.”，非谓语动词“Speaking of his economic loss, he said that compared with saving a persons life, this loss is nothing.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
