1、上海市行知中学2020-2021学年高一英语上学期12月月考试题（含解析）考试时间:100分钟 满分:100分I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be s
2、poken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. By bike. B. By car. C. By bus. D. On foot.2. A. The mans violin. B. The mans hobby.C. The mans intervie
3、w. D. The mans job.3. A. Positive. B. Interesting. C. Boring. D. Successful.4. A. He cant get a room at the hotel at this time.B. He didnt get the type of room he wanted.C. He expected the room to be more expensive.D. He thought he had already made a reservation.5. A. They should give Jessica some o
4、n-the-job training.B. They should offer Jessica some train tickets.C. They shouldnt have taken Jessica into account.D. They should ask Jessica to get more qualification.6. A. The weather forecast says it will be fine.B. The weather will not affect their plan.C. They will not do as planned in case of
5、 rain.D They will postpone their programme if it rains.7. A. Shes unable to finish her homework. B. She has to give up efforts.C. She has to remove the virus. D. Shes infected with some disease.8. A. He has to wait for someone else.B. He is concerned about the womans safety.C. There is something wro
6、ng with the car.D. The woman must fasten the seat belt.9. A. She has been promoted to be the sales manager.B. She isnt popular with the colleagues in the sales department.C. She enjoyed working in the sales department.D. She doesnt like her new position very much.10. A. Few students meet Professor B
7、rowns requirements.B. Many students find Professor Browns lecture uninteresting.C. Few students understand Professor Browns lecture.D. Many students have dropped Professor Browns class.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or co
8、nversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 1
9、1 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They use types of fuel that are not allowed on land.B. It takes more energy to move through water than over land.C. Their engines are not as powerful as those of other vehicles.D. They carry large numbers of passengers and vehicles as well.12. A
10、. They are sometimes rude to other tourists.B. They dont have meals in local restaurants.C They fill up the restaurants and make noise.D. They complain when the city is too crowded.13. A. A new way of travelling. B. Reasons to ban cruise ships.C. Measures against pollution. D. Problems caused by cru
11、ise ships.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To use an app to order meals.B. To know how to use a GPS signal.C. To communicate with the robot properly.D. To pay extra money for the delivery.15. A. It can move on its two feet at a very fast speed.B. It can identify the
12、customers through its cameras.C. 3G technology enables it to find the customers houses.D. It was built by a European online take-away food company.16. A. The relationship between human and robot.B. The creative ways to use a robot.C. The worlds newest invention and technology.D. A self-driving food-
13、delivery robot.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The approach to getting good scores.B. The effectiveness of cramming.C. The impact of a good nights sleep on a test.D. The better way to prepare for a test.18. A. Join the woman in her study.B. Entertain himself an
14、d have fun.C. Memorize everything on his notes.D. Skip lunch and hurry to the cinema.19 A. Organize a study group and quiz herself.B. Get involved in the revision without rest.C. Review the materials earnestly as scheduled.D. Focus on the chapters assigned by the teacher.20. A. Hardworking and focus
15、ed. B. Energetic but easily distracted.C. Score-oriented and efficient. D. Ambitious but readily discouraged.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fi
16、ll in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A Wrinkle in TimeTravelling faster than the speed of light is something that scientists and science-faction writers have dreamt about for a long time. In theory, if humans were able
17、to do this, they could travel to distant planets in _1_ matter of minutes.In Madeleine LEngles novel, A Wrinkle in Time, the idea goes one step further: instead of travelling at great speeds, she processes a theory _2_ allows humans to travel through a fifth dimension(维度). This means that you could
18、get from Earth to another planet in a distant galaxy almost instantly.First _3_ (publish) in 1960, L Engles novel has captured the imaginations of young science-fiction fans all over the world for decades - and now it _4_ (turn) into a film. The story follows 13-year-old Meg Murry, played by Storm R
19、eid, who is seen by her classmates and teachers _5_ a troublesome pupil. She is the daughter of two world-famous physicists, but is saddened by the mysterious disappearance of her father. To help find her dad, three supernatural beings, Mrs. Who, Mrs. Whatist and Mrs. Which, transport Meg, her geniu
20、s brother, Charles Wallace, and her classmate, Calvin, through the universe. _6_ (travel) through a wrinkling of time and space, also known as tessering, they are soon transported to worlds that they never thought _7_ (exist)._8_ the film follows the story of the book, not everything could be fitted
21、 in. One detail that fans of the book may notice is _9_ Megs twin brothers have been written out of the script.Oprah Winfrey, who plays Mrs. Which, says the film is like The Wizard of Oz for a new generation. It is a spaced-out Oz, with Meg as the new Dorothy, and I am Glinda the Good Witch, she say
22、s. I think of it as a film for generations _10_ (come).【答案】1. a 2. that/which 3. published 4. has been turned 5. as 6. Travelling 7. existed 8. Though /Although /While 9. that 10. to come【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了玛德琳朗格尔的小说时间的皱纹及以此小说改编的电影。【1题详解】考查冠词。句意：理论上，如果人类能够做到这一点，他们可以在几分钟内到达遥远的行星。a matter of大约。故填a。【2题
23、详解】考查定语从句。句意：在玛德琳朗格尔的小说时间的皱纹中，这个想法更进一步：她提出了一个理论，允许人类穿越第五维空间，而不是以极快的速度旅行。句中先行词为theory，在定语从句中作主语，指物，所以用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本小说于1960年首次出版，几十年来一直吸引着全世界年轻的科幻迷们的想象力现在它被拍成了电影。逻辑主语novel与publish之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填published。【4题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这本小说于1960年首次出版，几十年来一直吸引着全世界年轻的科幻迷们的想象力现在它
24、被拍成了电影。根据句意用现在完成时，且主语it代指L Engles novel，与turn into之间为被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been turned。【5题详解】考查介词。句意：故事讲述的是由Storm Reid扮演的13岁的Meg murray，她在同学和老师眼中都是一个麻烦的学生。句中as作为介词，表示“作为”之意。故填as。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过时间和空间的褶皱，也被称为“tessering”，他们很快被运送到他们从未想过存在的世界。句中逻辑主语they与travel之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填Travelling。【7题详解】
25、考查非谓语动词。句意：通过时间和空间的褶皱，也被称为“tessering”，他们很快被运送到他们从未想过存在的世界。that they never thought 7(exist).为定语从句，句中先行词为worlds，在定语从句中作宾语，与exist之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填existed。【8题详解】考查连词。句意：虽然这部电影是按照书的故事改编的，但并不是所有的情节都能融入其中。根据句意，前后句之间为让步关系。故填Though /Although /While。【9题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：这本书的粉丝可能会注意到一个细节，那就是剧本里没有梅格的双胞胎兄弟。is
26、后接表语从句中，从句不缺少任何成分且句意完整，所以用连接词that。故填that。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为这是一部面向下一代的电影。名词generations后接不定式作定语，表示将要发生的动作。故填to come。Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The meaning of silen
27、ce varies among cultural group. Silence may be _11_, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill e
28、very _12_ with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of _13_ among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person
29、 from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be _14_ is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for _15_.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with _16_ among pe
30、ople or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show _17_ between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be r
31、ude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the _18_ meanings of silence when they come across the personal anx
32、iety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not _19_ too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing _20_of silence can use this understanding to assist in the
33、care of patients from their own and from other cultures.【答案】11. E 12. I 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. K 17. G 18. J 19. D 20. F【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了沉默的含义因文化群体而异。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：沉默可能是深思熟虑的，也可能是一个人无话可说时的空虚。根据“they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. ”可知，空处填形容词thoughful作表语。故选E。12题详解】考查名词。句意：因此，可以尝试用对话来
34、填补每一个空白。分析句意可知，空处填名词gap作宾语。故选I。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：许多印第安人珍视沉默，认为它是人与人之间交流的基本组成部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人所做的那样。of为介词后接动名词作宾语，communicating“交流”符合句意。故选A。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：因此，当来自这些文化中的一个人在说话时突然停了下来，可能暗示的是这个人想让听者在继续之前考虑已经说了什么。根据“when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops”可知，空处填implied作表语，故选C。
35、【15题详解】考查名词。句意：在这些文化中，沉默是一种反思。for为介词后接名词，reflection符合句意。故选B。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：其他文化可能会以其他方式使用沉默，尤其是在处理人与人之间的冲突或与拥有不同权力的人之间的关系时。根据“or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. ”可知，空处填conflicts作with的宾语。故选K。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：例如，俄罗斯人、法国人和西班牙人可能会用沉默来表示双方对正在讨论的话题的一致意见。show为及物动词后接名词作宾语，agreement
36、符合句意。故选G。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：护士和其他护理人员在遇到病人可能遇到的个人焦虑时，需要意识到沉默的可能含义。根据“when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing”可知，空处填形容词impossible作定语。故选J。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：护士应该认识到自己对沉默的个人和文化建构，这样病人的沉默才不会过早地打断或不必要地继续下去。根据“allowed to go on unnecessarily.”可知，这样病人的沉默才不会过早地打断或不必要地继续下去。本句为被动
37、语态，interrupted符合句意。故选D。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：一个懂得沉默的治疗价值的护士可以用这种理解来帮助护理来自他们自己和其他文化的病人。understand后接名词作宾语。value符合句意。故选F。III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase tha
38、t best fits the context. Animal RightsEvery conscious being has interests that should be respected. No being who is conscious of being alive should be devalued to thinghood, dominated, and used as a resource or _21_. The key point of the idea known as animal rights is a movement to extend moral cons
39、ideration to all _22_ beings. Nobody should have to demonstrate a specific level of intelligence or be judged beautiful to be given moral consideration. No being should have to be useful to humanity or capable of accepting “duties” in order to be extended moral consideration. _23_, what other animal
40、s need from us is being free from duties to us.Animal rights is about letting animals live on their own terms. It can be written into our laws, but is not an actual list or bill of rights as we have for human society. It begins with our promises not to act like _24_ of others. Animal rights is about
41、 justice treating animals fairly.Why is animal rights _25_? It is because we humans often act as though we are the only beings on the planet. Although we depend on other animals for our very survival, humans are the only animals that have upset the balance of nature. There are lots of ways that huma
42、ns _26_ animals. We domesticate them and use them for food, even though our nutritional needs can be completely supplied by a(n) _27_ diet. Although other materials are available, we use animals skin and other body parts for clothing, furs, hats, boots, jewellery and even pet toys. Humans can talk a
43、bout it but animals cannot. All animals wish to experience life in its fullness. Unlike many animals who have to kill to survive, humans do not. Why should humans cause _28_ to other beings when its not necessary?As we do, animals protect their children; they feel fear; they warn each other of dange
44、rs; they play. We might differ from other animals in some ways, but that doesnt give us the right to _29_ them down, take their lands, pollute their waters, or use them for our conveniences. Animals also experience pain and its not difficult to observe _30_ of pain in the way a conscious being react
45、s to it. We take advantage, cause distress, and act _31_ when we use animals for amusement. Lots of pets are _32_ on the streets when their owners no longer find it convenient or affordable to keep or care for them.Whether we admit it or not, its a prejudice to think we are _33_ to animals and that
46、it is our right to control them, which can only make people act mean, hateful or neglectful. However, each of us has within us the power to _34_. We can adopt a different attitude, one that reshape our destiny. This will have wonderful effects on the planets other communities, for life is _35_ avoid
47、ing suffering. It is interacting, singing, pursuing joy. We humans can learn to live responsibly, with respect, kindness and love.21. A. companiesB. goodsC. insectsD. providers22. A. activeB. consciousC. intelligentD. strange23. A. IndeedB. MoreoverC. NeverthelessD. Otherwise24. A. followersB. frien
48、dsC. mastersD. tutors25. A. necessaryB. reflectedC. respectedD. revolutionary26. A. distinguishB. keepC. exploitD. raise27. A. animal-freeB. eco-friendlyC. low-saltD. well-balanced28. A. conflictB. confusionC. isolationD. misery29. A. calmB. chaseC. pullD. put30. A. signsB. symbolsC. symptomsD. perf
49、ormances31. A. differentlyB. similarlyC. gentlyD. unfairly32. A. abandonedB. chosenC. oppressedD. spoiled33. A. accessibleB. appealingC. reasonableD. superior34. A. changeB. dominateC. persistD. proceed35. A. contrary toB. more thanC. owing toD. rather than【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. C 27.
50、 A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了动物权利，提到活着有意识的生物都不应该被当作一种资源或商品使用，动物权利就是让动物按照自己的方式生活，指出了动物权利的必要性和人类对动物进行的一系列恶行，建议人类学会带着尊重、善良和爱，负责任地生活。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：任何意识到自己活着的人都不应该被贬低，被支配，被当作一种资源或商品使用。A. companies公司；B. goods商品；C. insects昆虫；D. providers供应商。根据上文“used as a resour
51、ce or”可知，指被当作一种资源或商品使用，应用goods。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个被称为“动物权利”的观点的关键点是一场将道德考虑扩展到所有有意识的生物的运动。A. active活跃的；B. conscious有意识的；C. intelligent聪明的；D. strange奇怪的。对应第一句中“Every conscious being has interests that should be respected.”指有意识的生物。故选B。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：确实，其他动物需要从我们这里得到的是免除我们的义务。A. Indeed确实；B. M
52、oreover此外；C. Nevertheless然而；D. Otherwise否则。根据上文“No being should have to be useful to humanity or capable of accepting “duties” (没有任何一种存在必须对人类有用或能够接受“责任”)”以及后文“what other animals need from us is being free from duties to us.(其他动物需要从我们这里得到的是免除我们的义务)”可知，后文是在赞同上文的观点，表示“确实”应用indeed。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意
53、：它始于我们承诺不像别人的主人那样行事。A. followers跟随者；B. friends朋友；C. masters主人；D. tutors导师。根据后文“Animal rights is about justice treating animals fairly.”可知动物权利在于公平地对待动物，而不是像自己是它们的主人那样行事。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为什么动物权利是必要的？A. necessary必要的；B. reflected反射的；C. respected受尊重的；D. revolutionary革命的。对应后文中“Why should humans cau
54、se 8 to other beings when its not necessary?”指动物权利是否必要。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类利用动物的方式有很多种。A. distinguish区别；B. keep保持；C. exploit利用；D. raise提高。结合后文“We domesticate them and use them for food”和“Although other materials are available, we use animals skin and other body parts for clothing, furs, hats, b
55、oots, jewellery and even pet toys. ”可知是指人类利用动物的方式。故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们驯养它们并把它们当作食物，尽管我们的营养需求完全可以通过不含动物的饮食来满足。A. animal-free不含动物成分的；B. eco-friendly环保的；C. low-salt低盐的；D. well-balanced匀称的。结合上文“We domesticate them and use them for food, even though our nutritional needs can be completely supplied
56、by”可知，就算人类的营养需求完全可以通过不含动物的饮食来满足，人类还是驯养动物当作食物。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么人类要在不必要的情况下给其他物种造成痛苦？A. conflict冲突；B. confusion混乱；C. isolation隔离；D. misery痛苦。根据后文“Animals also experience pain”可知人类在不必要的情况下给动物造成了痛苦。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们可能在某些方面不同于其他动物，但这并没有给我们权利去追捕它们，占用它们的土地，污染它们的水域，或利用它们为我们提供便利。A. calm使平静；B
57、. chase追捕；C. pull拉；D. put放置。根据下文的“ take their lands, ”可知，此处是指把动物赶走或杀害，然后占用它们的生存地，故用“追捕”符合语境。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：动物也会经历疼痛，而且通过对有意识的生物对疼痛的反应来观察疼痛的迹象并不难。A. signs迹象，标志；B. symbols符号；C. symptoms症状；D. performances表现。根据后文“of pain in the way a conscious being reacts to it”可知指观察动物疼痛的迹象来发现他们能够体会到疼痛。故选A。【31题
58、详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们利用动物来娱乐时，我们会利用它们，造成痛苦，做出不公平的行为。A. differently不同地；B. similarly类似地；C. gently温柔地；D. unfairly不公平地。根据后文“use animals for amusement”可知，此处是指人类利用动物娱乐的行为是不公平的。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多宠物被遗弃在街上，因为它们的主人发现养宠物或照顾它们不再方便或负担得起。A. abandoned抛弃，遗弃；B. chosen选择；C. oppressed压迫；D. spoiled溺爱。结合后文“on the st
59、reets when their owners no longer find it convenient or affordable to keep or care for them.”可知宠物的主人将宠物抛弃在街上，因为发现照顾它们带来了不便，或无法承担。故选A。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不管我们承认与否，认为自己比动物优越是一种偏见，认为控制动物是我们的权利，这只会让人们表现得卑鄙、可恨或漠不关心。A. accessible可接近的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. reasonable合理的；D. superior出众的，优越的。根据前后文语境“its a preju
60、dice to think we are to animals and that it is our right to control them”可知，认为人类比动物更加优越，是一种偏见。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们每个人都有改变的力量。A. change改变；B. dominate控制；C. persist坚持；D. proceed开始。结合后文“We can adopt a different attitude, one that reshape our destiny.”可知指每个人有改变这种情况的力量。故选A。【35题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：这将对地球
61、上的其他群落产生奇妙的影响，因为生命不仅仅是避免受苦。A. contrary to与相反；B. more than不仅仅，超过；C. owing to由于；D. rather than而不是。结合后文“It is interacting, singing, pursuing joy.”可知生命不仅仅只是避免受苦。故选B。Section BDirections: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of t
62、hem there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)I used to think ants knew what they were doing. The ones marching across my kitchen counter looked so confident; I just figured they had a plan, knew where t
63、hey were going and what needed to be done. How else could ants organize highways, build elaborate nests, launch impressive attacks, and do all the other things ants do?Turns out I was wrong. Ants arent clever little engineers, architects, or soldiers after all - at least not as individuals. When it
64、comes to deciding what to do next, most ants dont have a clue. “If you watch an ant try to accomplish something, youll be impressed by how awkward it is,” says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at Stanford University.“Ants arent smart,” Gordon says. “Ant colonies are.” A colony can solve problems unthi
65、nkable for individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, assigning workers to different tasks, or defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively to their environment. They do it with
66、 something called collective intelligence.Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make a critical decision about their hive (蜂巢)if many of them dis
67、agree? The collective abilities of such animals - one of which grasps the big picture, but each of which contributes to the groups success - seem miraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.36. The authors
68、former false impression about ants is that he thought them to be _.A. smartB. awkwardC. elaborateD. creative37. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.B. Ants are the only species which developed collect
69、ive intelligence.C. The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.D. An individual ant cant comprehend the whole process of a big movement.38. The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with _.A. where we can observe such fantastic behavior of antsB. which i
70、s the leading ant in charge of the actionC. how the collective intelligence worksD. what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilities【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C【解析】 本文属于科普类文章。我过去一直以为蚂蚁知道它们在做什么。其实蚂蚁个体并不聪明，聪明的是蚁群。单个蚂蚁百思不得其解的问题能轻易地被蚁群解决。他们是通过使用一种称为“群体智慧”来完成的。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，“I used to think
71、ants knew what they were doing.”以前认为蚂蚁非常聪明，知道它们在做什么.。而在第二段第一句“Turns out I was wrong. Ants arent clever little engineers, architects, or soldiers after all - at least not as individuals” 结果证明我错了。蚂蚁毕竟不是聪明的小工程师、建筑师或士兵，至少不是作为个体的。分析这两段可知作者以前认为蚂蚁是聪明的。故选A。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Ants arent smart,” Gordon says.
72、“Ant colonies are.”A colony can solve problems unthinkable for individual ants, As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, They do it with something called collective intelligence.” . “蚂蚁并不聪明”， 蚁群才是”。单个蚂蚁百思不得其解的问题能轻易地被蚁群解决他们是通过使用一种称为“群体智慧”来完成的。D说蚂单个蚁是不能完成整个活动的进程，是正确的。故选D项。根据文章可知，【38题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段
73、“Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group?” 这种智慧从何而来提出了自然界一个基本的问题：简单的单个个体的行为是如何集合为群体复杂多变的群体行为？接着又用蜜蜂和鲱鱼为例，提出到底是什么让他们单一的个体汇聚成集体的智慧，这集体的智慧又是如何起作用的。最后一句“Yet during the past few decad
74、es, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.”然而，在过去的几十年中，研究人员们已经得到对此现象引人入胜的深入的理解。由此可推断出下段要讲述集体的智慧如何起作用的。故选C项。(B)In spring, chickens start laying again, bringing a welcome source of protein at winters end. So its no surprise that cultures around the world celebrate spring by honoring the e
75、gg.Some traditions are simple, like the red eggs that get baked into Greek Easter breads. Others elevate the egg into a fancy art, like the heavily jewel-covered eggs that were favored by the Russians starting in the 19th century.One ancient form of egg art comes to us from Ukraine. For centuries, U
76、krainians have been drawing complicated patterns on eggs. Contemporary artists have followed this tradition to create eggs that speak to the anxieties of our age: Life is precious, and delicate. Eggs are, too.Theres something about their delicate nature that appeals to me, says New Yorker cartoonist
77、 Roz Chast. Several years ago, she became interested in eggs and learned the traditional Ukrainian technique to draw her very modern characters. Ive broken eggs at every stage of the processfrom the very beginning to the very, very end. But theres an appeal in that vulnerability. Theres part of this
78、 sickening horror of knowing youre walking on the edge with this, that I kind of like, knowing that it could all fall apart at any second Chasts designs, such as a worried man alone in a tiny rowboat, reflect that delicateness.Traditional Ukrainian decorated eggs also spoke to those fears. The elabo
79、rate patterns were believed to offer protection against evil.Theres an ancient legend that as long as these eggs are made, evil will not prevail in the world, says Joan Brander, a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years, having learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives.T
80、he tradition, dating back to 300 B. C., was later incorporated into the Christian church. The old symbols, however, still endure. A decorated egg with a bird on it, given to a young married couple, is a wish for children. A decorated egg thrown into the field would be a wish for a good harvest.39. W
81、hy do people in many cultures prize the egg?A. It is a welcome sign of the coming of spring.B. It is their major source of protein in winter.C. It can easily be made into a work of art.D. It can bring wealth and honor to them.40. What do we learn about the decorated eggs in Russia?A. They are shaped
82、 like jewel cases.B. They are cherished by the rich.C. They are heavily painted in red.D. They are favored as a form of art.41. Why have contemporary artists continued the egg art tradition?A. Eggs serve as an enduring symbol of new life.B. Eggs have an oval shape appealing to artists.C. Eggs reflec
83、t the anxieties of people today.D. Eggs provide a unique surface to paint on.42. Why does Chast enjoy the process of decorating eggs?A. She never knows if the egg will break before the design is completed.B. She can add multiple details to the design to communicate her idea.C. She always derives gre
84、at pleasure from designing something new.D. She is never sure what the final design will look like until the end.【答案】39. A 40. D 41. C 42. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了在许多文化中，赞美鸡蛋是在欢迎春天的到来，从而诞生了鸡蛋绘画艺术，鸡蛋绘画艺术随着时间的推移也在不断地发展。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的So its no surprise that cultures around the world celebrate spring by
85、 honoring the egg(因此毫无疑问，世界各地都用赞美鸡蛋的方式来庆祝春天。)可知，在许多文化中，赞美鸡蛋是欢迎春天的到来。A. It is a welcome sign of the coming of spring.(它是在欢迎春天的到来)符合以上说法，故选A项。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的Others elevate (提升) the egg into a fancy art, like the heavily jewel-covered eggs that were favored by the Russians starting in the 19th cent
86、ury(还有一些人把鸡蛋提升为一种奇特的艺术，比如19世纪开始受到俄罗斯人喜爱的被厚重珠宝覆盖的“鸡蛋”。)可知，在俄罗斯鸡蛋被视为一种艺术形式。D. They are favored as a form of art.(它们是一种受喜爱的艺术形式。)符合以上说法，故选D项。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的Contemporary artists have followed this tradition to create eggs that speak to the anxieties of our age: Life is precious, and delicate. (当代艺术家
87、们遵循这一传统，创作出鸡蛋，表达了我们这个时代的焦虑：生命是宝贵的，也是微妙的。)可知，当代艺术家继续蛋类艺术传统，是因为鸡蛋反映了当代人们的焦虑。C. Eggs reflect the anxieties of people today.(鸡蛋反映了现代人的焦虑。)符合以上说法，故选C项。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第四五段的Ive broken eggs at every stage of the processfrom the very beginning to the very, very end. But theres an appeal in that vulnerability
88、. (“我在设计过程的每一个阶段都有可能把鸡蛋打碎，从最开始到最后。”但这种脆弱也有一种吸引力。)可推测，Chast喜欢设计的过程是因为在完成设计之前，她不知道在哪一个阶段鸡蛋会碎。A. She never knows if the egg will break before the design is completed.(在设计完成前，她绝不知道鸡蛋是否会碎。)符合以上推测，故选A项。Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the
89、box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Many people know that trash is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people dont know is that trash has become a problem in outer space too. _43_Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk
90、in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars. _44_Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or
91、 become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it could damage the vehicle. Thats because the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.To help minimize additional space junk, countries aro
92、und the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay in orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earths atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that. _45_Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germ
93、ans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earth so that they can be safely destroyed.“In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and its quite urgent as well,” said Marco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who
94、 is working to solve the problem. _46_ Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers.“The time to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments,” he says.A. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.B. There are
95、also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we cant see.C. Blowing up older satellites with a missile may create thousands of smaller pieces!D. One reason that its urgent is that countries are sending more and more objects into space.E. When two objects in space collide, the two objects break into
96、many smaller pieces.F. Years of space exploration have left tons of “space junk” in orbit (轨道) around the planet.【答案】43. F 44. B 45. A 46. D【解析】本文属于说明文，介绍太空垃圾越来越严重，急需解决的问题。【43题详解】根据后一句“Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth.”可知，数据上来看，地球周围太空超过22000块垃圾，F选项，多
97、年的太空探索在地球轨道上留下了数以吨计的垃圾，后一句例举了具体的数据，该空引出下文，切题，故选F。【44题详解】根据前一句“And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars.”可知，那些垃圾都是可以通过望远镜和雷达观察到的，B选项，还有很多小块垃圾我们看不清，与前一句形成对比，切题，故选B。【45题详解】根据前一句“Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earths atmosphere,
98、or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that.”可知，在那之后，每个发射工具必须能够安全落入地球的大气层，A选项，在地球的大气层上空，这些太空探测工具将燃烧，该空陈述前一句话的结果和目的，切题，选项中的it 指代上文中的Each tool，故选A。【46题详解】根据本段第一句“In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and its quite urgent as well（我们认为这个问题很有挑战性，而且也相当紧迫）”可知，空处谈论问题很紧迫的原因，结合选项可知，选项D.
99、 One reason that its urgent is that countries are sending more and more objects into space.( 紧迫的原因之一是各国正在向太空发射越来越多的卫星)承接上文，其中urgent是关键词，同时该空引出下文，下文“Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers.（其中许多物品是帮助人们使用手机或电脑的工具）”对卫星种类进行了具体的说明。下文中的these objects 指代选项中的more a
100、nd more objects， 故选D。IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.47. 父母应鼓励自己的孩子要有责任感。(sense)(汉译英)【答案】Parents should encourage their children to take on a sense of responsibility./ Parents should encourage a sense of responsibility
101、 in their children.【解析】【详解】考查动词短语和名词和主谓宾句型。主语是父母“parents”，谓语是应该鼓励“should encourage somebody to do”，宾语是他们的孩子“their children”，承担“take on”，责任感是“a sense of responsibility”，也可以用encourage something in somebody，用责任感做宾语。故翻译为Parents should encourage their children to take on a sense of responsibility./ Paren
102、ts should encourage a sense of responsibility in their children.48. 令大多数人震惊的是全世界蝙蝠物种的多样性。(species) (汉译英)【答案】What surprises most people is the variety of bat species around the world.【解析】【详解】考查主语从句、短语和时态。本句为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“令大多数人震惊的是”应用what引导；从句中表示“使震惊”应用动词surprise，作谓语，时态为一般现在时，主语为what，谓语动词用第三人称单数，后跟名
103、词people作宾语；表示“多样性”应用名词variety，作表语；表示“蝙蝠物种”短语为bat species；表示“全世界”短语为around the world，句子应用一般现在时。故翻译为What surprises most people is the variety of bat species around the world.49. 公共关系主管的工作需要花很多时间与别人打交道。(involve) (汉译英)【答案】The job as a public relations director involves spending quite a lot of time with
104、other people.【解析】【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。根据句意可知，“公共关系主管的工作”可译为the job as a public relations director，“花很多时间与别人打交道”可译为spend quite a lot of time with other people，固定短语involve doing sth.“涉及做某事”，句子描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故译为The job as a public relations director involves spending quite a lot of time with other people.
105、50. 据说这栋刚被细心修复的古老建筑可以追溯到清朝时期。(It) (汉译英)【答案】It is said that this ancient building, which has just been carefully restored, can be traced back to the Qing Dynasty.【解析】【详解】考查固定句型、定语从句和时态。根据句意“据说”可知句型为It is said that；that从句中，表示“古老建筑”可翻译为ancient building，作主语，后跟非限制性定语从句修饰先行词ancient building，从句中缺少主语，指物，故应用
106、关系代词which引导，表示“修复”应用动词restored，从句谓语动词与先行词保持一致，构成被动关系，时态为现在完成时，故应用现在完成时的被动语态；表示“追溯到”可知短语为trace back to，与ancient building构成被动关系，且can后跟动词原形；表示“清朝时期”短语为the Qing Dynasty。故翻译为It is said that this ancient building, which has just been carefully restored, can be traced back to the Qing Dynasty.V. Guided Wri
107、ting 51. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假如你是李明，你的同龄笔友王伟正在筹划一次为期一天的班级春游活动，他希望活动内容具体而有意义，所以来信征求你的意见。请写封回信，内容必须包括：1.你的活动建议；2.你的理由。【答案】Dear Wang Wei, I am very delighted to receive your last letter. From your letter, I have
108、learned that you ask me some advice about the spring outing to make it meaningful. Here are my suggestions. First, choose a natural attraction nearby. As we all know, spring is the best season for us to go outing, so lets get close to nature and feel the beauty of nature. Next, safety comes the firs
109、t. It is the most important thing to keep safe during the outing. Prepare everything in advance and follow teachers direction. Finally, divide the whole class into groups and choose a leader for each group. As far as I am concerned ,going on a spring outing can not only enable us to get close to nat
110、ure and broaden our horizons, but also help us improve communication and cooperation skills. Furthermore, it gives us more opportunities to make new friends. I hope your spring outing will be successful.Yours,Li Ming【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给同龄笔友王伟写信，就为期一天的班级春游活动向他提出一些活动建议并说明理由。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提
111、示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.你的活动建议；2.你的理由。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）delighted; advice; meaningful; suggestions; natural attraction; get close to; safety; keep safe; in advance; divideinto; enable sb. to do sth.; communication and cooperation skills; make new friends; success
112、ful第三步：连词成句1. I am very delighted to receive your last letter. 2. From your letter, I have learned that you ask me some advice about the spring outing to make it meaningful.3. Here are my suggestions.4. First, choose a natural attraction nearby.5. As we all know, spring is the best season for us to
113、go outing, so lets get close to nature and feel the beauty of nature.6. Next, safety comes the first.7. It is the most important thing to keep safe during the outing.8. Prepare everything in advance and follow teachers direction.9. Finally, divide the whole class into groups and choose a leader for
114、each group.10. As far as I am concerned, going on a spring outing can not only enable us to get close to nature and broaden their horizons, but also help improve communication and cooperation skills.11. Furthermore, it gives more opportunities to make new friends.12. I hope your spring outing will b
115、e successful.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First, Next, Finally2.表并列补充关系：Furthermore, not onlybut also3.表因果关系：So 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1 From your letter, I have learned that you ask me some advice about the spring outing to make it meaningful. (运用了that引导宾语从句)高分句型2 As far as I am concerned, going on a spring outing can not only enable us to get close to nature and broaden their horizons, but also help improve communication and cooperation skills. (运用了not onlybut also结构和动名词作主语)