1、2020-2021学年上海市普陀区晋元高级中学高二下学期3月月考英语试题第I卷L. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. Af
2、ter you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 2:30 B.at 2:00 C.At 1:30 D.At 1:00.2. A. In the Shanghai Museum. B. In a store. C. In a tunnel. D. In a taxi.3. A. Doct
3、or and patient. B. Lawyer and clientC. Manager and customer. D. Passer-by and policeman.4. A Listening to some loud music. B. Repairing her earphones:C. Talking loudly on the phone D. Writing an essay.5 A. More sleep can get the man onto the right track.B. Tiredness is a typical symptom of lack of e
4、xerciseC. The man should spend more time outdoorsD. People tend to work longer hours with artificial lighting.6. A. Jane has been engaged to someone working in the library.B. The man shouldnt bother Jane because she was busyC. Jane-was always engaged in online gamesD. Jane is the person to take care
5、 of the IT room.7. A. She doesnt want to go to the concert. B. She is eager to go to the concertC. She is interested in American songs. D. She doesnt like music at all8. A. David stopped his project halfwayB. Davids project didnt get any financial support.C. David has got financial support from the
6、government.D. Davids project was forced to stop by the government.9. A. The man cant keep the appointment at 3:15.B. The man wants to change the date of the appointment.C. The man is glad he can get in touch with the doctor.D. The man is confused about the date of the appointment.10. A. She prefers
7、chemistry. B. She has not got a partner yetC. She is too tired of chemistry. D.She is too busy to work on her chemistry course.Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.
8、 The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heardQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following pas
9、sage.11. A. Flight attendants. B. Airline passengers.C. The fire brigade. D. Plane manufacturers12. A. CA4117 will take off from Chengdu and eventually arrive in BeijingB. It will take CA4117 more than three hours to arrive in Xian.C. CA4117 will travel 30,982 kilometres for the whole flight.D. The
10、average speed of CA4117 is 10,000 kilometers per hour.13.A. Using electronic devices during landingB. Using their hands to pull the oxygen mask.C. Using laptop computers during the flight.D. Placing the oxygen mask below their nose.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Dr
11、inking a lot of alcohol. B. Going shopping in stores.C. Gathering around tables for hotpot D. Eating fried food and barbecued meat.15. A. Movies are available to people in Shanghai at midnight.B. People in Hangzhou attach great importance to dinner.C. A total of nine online platforms provided data f
12、or the report.D. People in Beijing are most likely to order Starbucks in the afternoon16. A. Peoples eating habits in different regions of China.B. The impact of mobile payment on Chinese peoples lives.C. Different nightlife activities among residents in Chinese cities.D. The pressure of urban life
13、brought by nightlife activities.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Showing the man around the house. B. Selling the house to the man.C. Persuading the man to buy the house. D. Inspecting the house before buying it.18. A. The window screen. B. The area to store win
14、e.C. The bedroom and the attached bathroom.D. The colors of the walls and floor covering19. A. It may not secure the deal. B. It is beyond her means.C. It is higher than expected. D. Its unrealistic.20. A. People tend to love the inside of the house though its outside isnt attractive.B. The window s
15、creen enables you to see everything clearly from the street.C. The house agent makes an attempt to cut down the price by 30,000 dollars.D. The woman has to contact her bank before the owner responds to the offer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in
16、the blanks to make the passage coherent and r the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankA well-known landscape photographerAlexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a
17、successful merchant. He spent much of his childhood _1_ (play) on the beach or fishing in the streams nearby. In 1849 he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it _2_ (please) his family.Learning photograph
18、y in Montreal around the year 1857, Henderson quickly took _3_ up as a serious amateur. Later, he became a personal friend and colleague of the Scottish Canadian photographer William Notman. _4_ their friendship, their styles of photography were quite different. While Notmans landscapes _5_ (note) f
19、or their bold realism, Henderson for the first 20 years of his career produced romantic images. _6_ he published his first major collection of landscape photographs in 1865, he gained great fame for reflecting the romantic British landscape tradition in his works. The publication had limited circula
20、tion (only seven copies have ever been found), where the contents of each copy _7_(vary) significantly and proved a useful source for evaluating Hendersons early work.In 1866, he gave up his business to open a photographic studio, _8_ (advertise) himself as portrait and landscape photographer. From
21、about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography and other views. His numerous photographs of city life _9_ (reveal) in street scenes, houses, and markets are alive with human activity. There was sufficient demand for these types of scenes and others he took depicting the pea
22、rl trade, steamboats and waterfalls to enable him to make a living.In 1892 Henderson accepted a full-time position with the CPR as manager of a photographic department _10_ he was to set up and administer. That summer he made his trip west, photographing extensively along the railway line as far as
23、Victoria. He continued in this post until 1897, when he retired completely from photography.【答案】1. playing 2. to please 3. it 4. Despite 5. were noted 6. After 7. varied 8. advertising 9. revealed 10. that/which【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名的风景摄影师亚历山大亨德森从事摄影并逐步成为摄影大师的经历。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他童年的大部分时间都是在海滩上玩耍或在附近的小
24、溪里钓鱼。spend time doing sth意为“花时间做某事”，故填playing。【2题详解】考查不定式。句意：虽然他从来都不喜欢经商，但为了让家人高兴，他还是选择了经商。经商是为了让家人高兴，所以应用不定式作目的状语。故填to please。【3题详解】考查代词。句意：1857年左右，亨德森在蒙特利尔学习摄影，很快就成为了一名真正的业余爱好者。代指前文提到的photography（摄影）应用代词it。故填it。【4题详解】考查介词。句意：尽管他们成了朋友，但他们的摄影风格却大不相同。“their friendship”和“their styles of photography we
25、re quite different”构成转折关系，且friendship是名词，所以此处应用介词despite表示“尽管”。故填Despite。【5题详解】考查一般过去时和固定短语。句意：虽然诺特曼的风景画以其大胆的现实主义而闻名，亨德森在他职业生涯的头20年里创作浪漫的摄影作品。be noted for意为“以闻名”，为固定短语。此处描述过去的事，应用一般过去时，主语为landscapes ，故填were noted。【6题详解】考查连词。句意：1865年，他出版了第一本重要的风景摄影集后，因在作品中反映浪漫的英国风景传统而名声大噪。此处是指他出版了第一本摄影集后名声大噪。所以应用afte
26、r表示“在之后”。故填After。【7题详解】考查时态。句意：这份出版物发行量有限(迄今只找到了七份)，每份出版物的内容差异很大，被证明是评估亨德森早期作品的有用来源。此处描述过去的事，应用一般过去时。故填varied。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1866年，他放弃了自己的生意，开了一家摄影工作室，宣传自己是肖像和风景摄影师。动词advertise主语he构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填advertising。【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他拍摄了大量的城市生活照片，街道场景、房屋和市场都充满了人类的活动。动词reveal意为“显示”，和逻辑主语city life构成被
27、动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填revealed。【10题详解】考查定语从句。句意：1892年，亨德森接受了CPR的全职职位，担任他将要建立和管理的摄影部门的经理。定语从句“he was to set up and administer”中缺少宾语，且先行词为department，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note
28、that there is one word more than you need.A. habitable B. sensible C. potential D. compete E.accommodate F. conceptG. draw H. advocated I. survival J. expanse K. receivedMars - the next frontierIt sounds like something from the fields of science fiction-a space expedition into the vast _11_ of space
29、, heading towards the Red Planet. While were not quite ready to put a person on land, the question we ask today is: why are so many countries interested in going to Mars?The space race saw the USA and USSR_12_ to achieve firsts in spaceflight. The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1, an artificial satel
30、lite, before anyone else, and the US landed on the Moon first. Now it appears that Mars is the celestial body of desire. While the honour of being the first nation to touchdown is an obvious _13_ , there are other reasons we want to get there.One of these could be the _14_ of our species. You only h
31、ave to look at the fossilised remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another _15_ planet. While Mars doesnt have the right conditions to call it home just yet, theres always the idea of terraforming- changing the environment of a planet to _16_ our needs to live.However, not everyone
32、 agrees. Leading astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson has said the _17_of altering habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth is not _18_ when we can simply terraform Earth.It seems he main reason at the moment is the search for signs of life. It has long been believed
33、that, at one time, Mars was abundant with life. Now seemingly dead, the _19_ fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet. One theory is that bacterial life on our planet didnt start here, but was transferred via asteroid (小行星) from Mars.One benefit _20_ by scientist
34、s like Neil deGrasse Tyson is that landing on Mars may inspire more people to become interested in science and astronomy. Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason enough.【答案】11. J 12. D 13. G 14. I 15. A 16. E 17. F 18. B 19. C 20. H【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了移居火星，使火星变成宜居星球的概念，并介绍了人们对此概念
35、的看法。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：这听起来像是科幻小说中的情节对广阔的太空进行太空探险，向红色星球进发。根据“heading towards the Red Planet”可知，此处是指对广阔的太空进行太空探险。名词expanse意为“宽阔，广阔的区域”。故选J。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：在太空竞赛中，美国和苏联竞相实现太空飞行的第一。根据“to achieve firsts in spaceflight”可知，此处是指比赛。see sb do sth意为“看到某人做某事的全过程”，动词compete意为“比赛”。故选D。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：作为第一个触地得分的国家的荣誉显然
36、是一种平局，但我们想要达到这个目标还有其他原因。根据前文“The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else, and the US landed on the Moon first.”（苏联首先发射了人造卫星Sputnik 1号，美国率先登陆月球。）可知，太空竞赛的结果是平局。名词draw意为“平局”。故选G。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：其中之一可能是人类的生存。根据“You only have to look at the fossilised remains of the di
37、nosaurs”（你只要看看恐龙的化石残骸就知道了）可知，此处是指为了人类的生存。名词survival意为“生存”。故选I。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：你只需要看看恐龙的化石残骸，就能看到寻找另一个宜居星球的好处。根据后文“While Mars doesnt have the right conditions to call it home just yet”（尽管火星目前还没有合适的条件作为家园）可知，此处是指寻找另一个宜居星球的好处。形容词habitable意为“适于居住的”。故选A。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：虽然火星目前还没有适合居住的条件，但地球化的想法一直存在改变行星的环境以
38、适应我们的生活需求。根据“changing the environment of a planet”和“our needs to live”可知，此处是指改变行星的环境以适应我们的生活需求。动词accommodate意为“适应”。故选E。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：著名天体物理学家尼尔德格拉斯泰森曾表示，如果我们可以简单地将地球改造得宜居，那么因为我们对地球的破坏而改变另一个星球的可居住性的想法是不合理的。“altering habitability of another planet”是一个概念。名词concept意为“概念”。故选F。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：著名天体物理学家尼尔德
39、格拉斯泰森曾表示，如果我们可以简单地将地球改造得宜居，那么因为我们对地球的破坏而改变另一个星球的可居住性的想法是不合理的。根据“However, not everyone agrees. ”（然而，并不是每个人都同意。）可知，尼尔德格拉斯泰森认为地球化的概念是不合理的。形容词sensible意为“合理的”。故选B。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：这些看似已经死亡的潜在的化石可以回答关于我们自身和地球进化的问题。化石有很多还没挖掘出来，所以是“潜在的”。故选C。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：像尼尔德格拉斯泰森这样的科学家倡导的一个好处是，登陆火星可能会激发更多的人对科学和天文学产生兴趣。这个好处
40、是科学家们倡导的。动词advocate意为“倡导”。故选H。III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Moral sentiments countOrganizations and societies rely on
41、fines and rewards to control peoples self-interest in the service of the common good. The _21_ of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives (激励) can also _22_, minifying the very behavior theyre meant to encourage.A generation ago Richard Ti
42、tmuss claimed that paying people to donate blood _23_ the supply. Economists were skeptical, citing a lack of scientific evidence. But since then, new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives-showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right in so many ca
43、ses that businesses should _24_.Experimental economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood decreases the number willing to donate by almost half, and that letting them contribute the payment to charity _25_ the effect. Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-inter
44、est with economic incentives can have the opposite result when they destroy what Adam Smith called the moral sentiments(情绪)”. The psychology here has escaped blackboard economists, but it will be no surprise to people in business: When we take a job or buy a car, we are not only trying to get stuff-
45、 we are also trying to be a certain kind of person. _26_ , people desire to be respected by others as ethical and _27_. And they dont want to be taken for losers. Rewarding blood donations may not serve the intended purpose because it suggests that the donor is less interested in being _28_ than in
46、making a dollar. Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the employer _29_ the employee or is greedy. Close supervision of workers coupled with _30_ for performance is textbook economics, but it can lead to the depression of employees.Perhaps most important, incentives affect what our
47、 actions signal, whether were being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted and they can imply-sometimes wrongly-what _31_ us. Fines or public criticism that appeal to our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval (think of littering) can be highly effective. But incentives go
48、 wrong when they _32_ or diminish our ethical sensibilities.This does not mean its _33_ to appeal to self-interested and ethical motivations at the same time-just that efforts to do so often fail. _34_ , policies support socially valued ends not only by controlling self-interest but also by encourag
49、ing public-spiritedness. The small tax on plastic grocery bags passed by law in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect. It punished offenders _35_ while conveying a moral message. Carrying a plastic bag joined wearing a fur coat in the gallery o
50、f anti-social anachronisms.21. A. temptationB. threatC. valueD. equivalent22. A. overflowB. backfireC. surviveD. work23. A. reducedB. affectedC. affordedD. balanced24. A. cut backB. stand byC. take noteD. hold on25. A. causeB. reverseC. takeD. detect26. A. In other wordsB. On the contraryC. By contr
51、astD. In addition27. A. dignifiedB. determinedC. dignifiedD. discouraged28. A. unselfishB. ambitiousC. thoughtfulD. aggressive29. A. boastsB. valuesC. encouragesD. mistrusts30. A. requirementB. criticismC. implicationD. reward31. A. supportsB. threatensC. motivatesD. changes32. A. refineB. offendC.
52、controlD. arouse33. A. impossibleB. strangeC. necessaryD. abnormal34. A. RarelyB. OccasionallyC. SurprisinglyD. Ideally35. A. publiclyB. severelyC. monetarilyD. mildly【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C【解析】【分析】本文是议论文。本文就经济激励产生适得其反结果的现象做了深入探讨。
53、【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：交通违章罚款单的威胁可使驾车者保持队列，而关于奖金红利的许诺可以激发高业绩。A.temptation诱惑；B.threat威胁；C.value价值；D.equivalent对等的人；当量。根据上文“Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to control peoples self-interest in the service of the common good.”可知，各类组织和团体依靠罚款和奖金来控制人们在公益服务中的自私自利。因此推断交通罚单的威胁可以让司机有秩序。故选B。【2
54、2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是激励也可能产生适得其反的结果减少原本想要鼓励的行为。 A.overflow溢出；B.backfire适得其反；C.survive幸存；D.work工作。根据下文“minifying the very behavior theyre meant to encourage.”可知，激励减少了原本要鼓励的行为，因此产生了适得其反的结果。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：约2030年之前，理查德蒂特马斯(Richard Titmuss)声称，付钱让人们献血会减少血液供应。A.reduced减少；B.affected影响；C.afforded给予；提供；
55、D.balanced保持稳定。根据上文“But incentives (激励) can also _2_, minifying the very behavior theyre meant to encourage.”可知，激励可以产生适得其反的结果，减少原本要激励的行为，因此推断付钱让人们献血会减少供应。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但自那以后，新的数据和模型促使经济学家对激励的看法发生了翻天覆地的变化这表明，蒂特马斯在很多情况下都是正确的，企业应该注意到这一点。A.cut back削减；B.stand by支持；袖手旁观；C.take note注意到；记笔记；D.hold
56、on等一下；继续。根据上文“Titmuss was right in so many cases”可推断，蒂特马斯在很多情况下都是正确，因此企业应该注意。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。 句意：实验经济学家发现，给捐血女性提供报酬使愿意捐血的人数减少了将近一半，而让她们将捐血所得贡献给福利事业扭转了这个局面。A.cause导致；B.reverse撤销；颠倒；C.take拿；取；D.detect发现；觉察。根据第一段的“But incentives (激励) can also _2_, minifying the very behavior theyre meant to encoura
57、ge.”可推断，激励会产生适得其反的结果，因此推断给捐血的女性报酬没有更多的人献血，但是让她们把捐血所得给福利事业就扭转了局面。故选B。【26题详解】考查固定短语辨析。 句意：恰恰相反，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊严的人。 A.In other words换句话说；B.On the contrary恰恰相反；C.By contrast相比之下；D.In addition此外。根据上文“Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can ha
58、ve the opposite result when they destroy what Adam Smith called the moral sentiments(情绪)”.”可知，大量近期的实验表明，当激励损害了亚当斯密所说的“道德情操”时，以经济激励奖赏私利可能产生适得其反的结果。因此推断，相反的，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和美好情操的人。故选B。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：恰恰相反，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊严的人。 A.dignified有尊严的；B.determined意志坚定的；C.dignified庄严的；D.di
59、scouraged灰心的。根据上文“people desire to be respected by others”可知，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊严的人。故选C。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：奖励献血可能达不到预期的目的，是因为它暗含“捐血者对无私奉献的兴趣少于对挣钱的热衷”之意。 A.unselfish无私的；慷慨的；B.ambitious雄心勃勃的；C.thoughtful体贴的；D.aggressive咄咄逼人的。根据上文“letting them contribute the payment to charity”可知，此处说的是无私奉献与挣钱进
60、行对比。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当激励暗示雇主夸耀雇员或贪婪时，激励也会遇到麻烦。A.boasts自吹自擂；夸耀；B.values重视；C.encourages鼓励；D.mistrusts不信任。由下文的“greedy”可推断，此处表示雇主过分夸耀雇工，激励也会遇到麻烦，故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：密切监督员工并对其表现进行奖励是典型的经济学，但这可能会导致员工的抑郁。 A.requirement要求；B.criticism批评；C.implication暗示；D.reward奖赏。根据下文“for performance is textbook eco
61、nomics”和常识可知，员工会因为好的表现被给予奖励。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：或许最为重要的是，激励影响我们的行为所传达的信息：我们是自私自利还是热心公益，被操控还是被信任，而且激励可以暗示有时错误地暗示我们的动机是什么。 A.supports支持；B.threatens威胁；C.motivates激励；D.change改变。由破折号后对前文“whether were being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted （我们是自私自利还是热心公益，被操控还是被信任）”解释说明可知，此处说的是是什么
62、激励了我们。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。 句意：通过传达社会的不赞同来启发我们的道德情操的罚款或者公开批评（如乱丢垃圾)颇具成效。可是一旦触犯或者削弱了我们的道德感情，激励就会出问题。A.refine改善；B.offend冒犯；C.control控制；D.arouse引起。由But可推断，上下文是转折关系，根据上文“Fines or public criticism that appeal to our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval (think of littering) can be highly effect
63、ive.”可推断，触犯或者削弱道德情感会让激励出问题。故选B。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：这并不意味着同时启发自私自利且合乎道德的动机是不可能的只是这样的努力往往以失败告终。 A.impossible不可能的；B.strange奇怪的；C.necessary必要的；D.abnormal不正常的。根据下文“policies support socially valued ends not only by controlling self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness.( 政策不但要通过治理自私，而且要通过鼓
64、励公共道德来拥护社会上受重视的目标)”可知，这并不意味着同时启发自私自利且合乎道德的动机是不可能的。故选A。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。 句意：理想的状况下，政策不但要通过治理自私，而且要通过鼓励公共道德来拥护社会上受重视的目标。A.Rarely很少；B.Occasionally偶尔；C.Surprisingly出人意料地；D.Ideally理想地。根据常识可知，既治理了自私又鼓励了公共道德是理想的。故选D。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。 句意：它在从金钱上惩罚违规者的同时，也传达了一种道德信息。 A.publicly公然地；B.severely严重地； C.monetarily财政地；
65、从金钱上； D.mildly温和地。根据上文“The small tax on plastic grocery bags passed by law in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect.（2002年爱尔兰通过的向塑料杂货袋征收小额税款（的法案)取得了实际上消除塑料袋的结果，这似乎就起到了这样的效果。）”可知，从金钱上惩罚了冒犯者。故选C。Section BDirections: Read the following three passa
66、ges. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Wonder materialMaurice Ward and his family ran ladies haird
67、ressers in Yorkshire, England. Ward was an inventor by nature and liked to mix his own hair dyes and products, claiming that they were more effective than the products supplied by cosmetics manufacturers like LOreal and Garnier. In the 1980s his inventiveness found a new outlet when he bought an ind
68、ustrial extruder-a machine that forms plastics-and began experimenting with making different types of sheet plastic. Then in 1985 something happened which was to change his life.A British Airtours plane bound for Corfu caught fire at Manchester Airport just before it took off. Although the plane was
69、 still on the ground, the results of the fire were destructive within forty seconds, 55 of the people inside died from smoke and poisonous air breathed in. Ward determined that he would make a material that would be much more fire-resistant than the plastics from which the interior was largely const
70、ructed. He began trying out different mixtures in a kitchen food blender. When he found a formulation that looked promising, he would shape it into sheet form and then test its fire resistance. The results got better and better until finally he hit on a material that would resist temperatures of 2,
71、500 C, not give off poisonous air and still remain cool enough to be touched. Starlite was bornYet here we are, thirty years on, and Starlite is still an unpatented and unexploited material. So what went wrong?Naturally Ward kept the formula a secret. He never wrote it down, only telling the exact p
72、roportions of its 21 ingredients to a few of his closest family members. He refused to apply for a patent, since that would involve revealing its composition. No one else was allowed to analyse it nor was any company given a sample for fear that they might reverse-engineer it.Consequently, no deal w
73、as ever struck and in May 2011 Maurice Ward died. It would be incorrect to say that he took his secret to the grave because some of the family still know it, but he certainly took his own dreams of personal wealth and fame with him. Why? Was it greed? Was it that, as an amateur, he felt a lack of re
74、spect from the scientific community? Or was he simply too protective of his idea to share it with others? We may never know. What is certain is that his loss is the worlds loss, too.36. What can we most probably infer about Maurice Ward according to the passage?A. He preferred fame to money.B. He wa
75、s born with a creative spirit.C. He opposed established institutions.D. He got his genius partly from his parents.37. How did Ward develop Starlite?A. He converted it in the kitchen food blender.B. He found the material from the interior of planes.C. He got inspiration from the hair dyes and product
76、s.D. He experimented with materials and examined their fire-resistance.38. Which of the following statements about Starlite is TRUE?A. Its secret died with Maurice Ward.B. It gets warmer than plastics when heated.C. It could have brought Maurice great wealth.D. Some company reverse-engineered it wit
77、hout permission.39. We can learn from the passage that _ .A. Innovation requires lots of efforts and deserves protectionB. The protectiveness of an invention may cause the world great losses.C. The big companies ill intentions are to blame for the loss of Starlite.D. The neglect of talented people m
78、ay cost the world valuable discoveries.【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Maurice Ward天生就是个发明家，直到他发明了蓝锆石，却因为他对该发明的过度保护，使得在他去世多年后，这仍然是一种未经专利和开发的材料，这对世界来说是巨大的损失。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ward was an inventor by nature and liked to mix his own hair dyes and products, claiming that they were more
79、effective than the products supplied by cosmetics manufacturers like LOreal and Garnier.（Ward天生就是个发明家，喜欢把自己的染发剂和产品混合在一起，声称它们比欧莱雅和卡尼尔等化妆品制造商提供的产品更有效。）”和下文内容可知，Ward生来就有创造精神。故选B项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“When he found a formulation that looked promising, he would shape it into sheet form and then test its fi
80、re resistance. The results got better and better until finally he hit on a material that would resist temperatures of 2, 500 C, not give off poisonous air and still remain cool enough to be touched. Starlite was born.（当他发现一种看起来有希望的配方时，他就把它做成片状，然后测试它的防火性能。结果越来越好，直到最后他找到了一种材料，可以抵抗2500摄氏度的温度，不释放有毒的空气，仍
81、然保持足够的凉爽，以供触摸。蓝锆石诞生了。）”可知，他对材料做了实验，并检查了它们的耐火性能，这样蓝锆石诞生了。故选D项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“He refused to apply for a patent, since that would involve revealing its composition. No one else was allowed to analyse it nor was any company given a sample for fear that they might reverse-engineer it.（他拒绝申请专利，因为这将涉及到
82、揭示其成分。没有人被允许分析它，也没有给任何公司提供样本，因为他们担心可能会对它进行逆向工程。）”和最后一段“It would be incorrect to say that he took his secret to the grave because some of the family still know it, but he certainly took his own dreams of personal wealth and fame with him.（如果说他把自己的秘密带进了坟墓，那是不正确的，因为家里的一些人知道，但他确实把自己追求个人财富和名声的梦想也带走了。）”可知
83、，Maurice本可以从蓝锆石的发明中得到一大笔财富，但由于他生前拒绝给蓝锆石申请专利，也没有把成分公之于众，所以他没有得到相应的财富和名声。故选C项。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“What is certain is that his loss is the worlds loss, too.（可以肯定的是，他的损失也是全世界的损失。）”和文章内容可知，Ward发明了对人类发展极其有用的蓝锆石，但是由于对自己发明的过度保护，使得这项发明在他去世多年后仍然是一种未经专利和开发的材料，这对世界来说是一种损失。因此我们可以推断，对一项发明的保护可能会给世界带来巨大的损失。故选B项。(B)
84、Things you need to know about your STRESS right nowAfter 60 years of research, scientists have determined what provokes stress. Theres even a handy acronym: NUTS.N is for Novelty: This is something new youve not experienced before, like the first day of school or a new job.U is for Unpredictability:
85、 When you dont know how something is going to take shape, as is the case during a trip to the dentist.T is for Threat to the Ego: When your competence is threatened, such as in front of colleagues. Were very sensitive to this.S is for Sense of Control: When you feel you have little or no control ove
86、r the situation, like being stuck in traffic.Its helpful to identify your sources of stress, because a problem well-defined is a problem almost solved. The opposite of stress is not relaxation-its resilience. If you tell your brain that you can deal with this, it will stop producing the stress hormo
87、ne and you will calm downGet on your bike!As various bits of research have shown, cycling will lower your stress levels, whether youre doing a quick errand or committing to a lifetime on two wheels.15 MINUTES LATERA 2013 study out of Japan showed a marked drop in peoples stress levels after they ped
88、alled for just 15 minutes on a stationary bike.AN HOUR LATERResearchers found in 2015 that, compared to their cycling colleagues, those who drove or took the subway breathed more shallowly an hour later-a sure sign of stress.18 YEARS LATERAfter following 17,985 adult commuters for 18 years, U.K. res
89、earchers discovered in 2014 that those who walked or biked reported being happier, more confident and better able to face their problems._In a 2015 study, researchers subjected 66 teen girls to a stress test. Some of them held their mothers hands during the test; others had to go it alone. The girls
90、 who had contact with their moms were able to manage stress more effectively. Its what psychologists refer to as emotional load sharing._In a 2007 UCLA study, some patients hospitalized for heart failure spent 12 minutes with a therapy dog, while another group interacted with a volunteer. The dog cr
91、owd experienced greater decreases in their anxiety level compared to those patients whose visitors could actually talk back.40. _-may suffer the most stress relatively.A. Luna, 19-she has well prepared for her first internship with the help of her mother.B. Tom, 29-his first day of work starts at 9:
92、 00 am, but hes in a traffic jam at 8: 50 am.C. Karol, 39-she finally had her decayed tooth pulled out last Thursday at the dentists.D. Jenny, 49-her colleagues are planning to give her a farewell party and shes in the dark.41. Which chart can best illustrate the effect of cycling ?A. B. C. D. 42. W
93、hich of the following may best suit the numbered blanks?A. Raise your hand! Find a volunteer companion!B. Raise your hand! Get a furry companion!C. Hug your family! Get furry companion!D. Hug your family! Find a volunteer companion!【答案】40. B 41. C 42. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对压力的研究。【40题详解】推理判断题。
94、根据文章第二段“N is for Novelty: This is something new youve not experienced before, like the first day of school or a new job.( N代表新鲜感：指的是你从未经历过的新鲜事物，比如开学第一天或开始一份新工作时)”和第五段“S is for Sense of Control: When you feel you have little or no control over the situation, like being stuck in traffic.( S是控制感：当你觉得自己
95、几乎无法控制局面时，比如被堵在路上)”可推断，B选择项汤姆第一天去上班却遇到堵车，所以他的压力是N+S这两方面的，因此承受的压力可能最大，而其他三人承担的都是单方面的压力，故选B。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据文章Get on your bike! 下的内容“A 2013 study out of Japan showed a marked drop in peoples stress levels after they pedalled for just 15 minutes on a stationary bike.(2013年日本的一项研究表明，人们在固定自行车上骑15分钟后，压力水平就
96、显著下降)”可知，骑自行车人的压力水平在15分钟后明显下降，而非1小时候明显下降。所以A图错误；根据“Researchers found in 2015 that, compared to their cycling colleagues, those who drove or took the subway breathed more shallowly an hour later-a sure sign of stress.( 2015年，研究人员发现，与骑自行车的同事相比，开车或乘地铁的人晚一个小时呼吸更浅，这是压力的明显迹象)”可知，如果晚点的话，乘地铁的人要比骑自行车的人的压力增加得
97、多，所以B图错误； 根据“After following 17,985 adult commuters for 18 years, U.K. researchers discovered in 2014 that those who walked or biked reported being happier, more confident and better able to face their problems.(在对17985名成年通勤者进行了18年的跟踪调查后，英国研究人员在2014年发现，走路或骑自行车的人更快乐，更自信，也更能面对自己的问题)”可推断，18年后，走路或骑自行车的人
98、压力压力更小，而开车的人压力增加。所以C图正确，D图错误。故选C。【42题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段“Some of them held their mothers hands during the test(有些人在考试时牵着妈妈的手)”和“The girls who had contact with their moms were able to manage stress more effectively.( 与母亲有接触的女孩能够更有效地管理压力)”可知，本段介绍与家人亲密接触可以减轻压力，所以Hug your family! (拥抱你的家人吧!)适合放在处；根据文章最后一段
99、“In a 2007 UCLA study, some patients hospitalized for heart failure spent 12 minutes with a therapy dog, while another group interacted with a volunteer. The dog crowd experienced greater decreases in their anxiety level compared to those patients whose visitors could actually talk back.( 在2007年加州大学
100、洛杉矶分校的一项研究中，一些因心力衰竭住院的患者与治疗犬呆了12分钟，而另一组患者则与志愿者互动。与那些来访者能够顶嘴的患者相比，有狗陪伴的患者的焦虑水平下降的幅度更大)”可知，宠物的陪伴可以减轻患者的焦虑。所以Get furry companion!(毛茸茸的伴侣!) 适合放在处。故选C。(C)Bretton Woods revisitedOn July 22, 1944, as allied troops were racing across Normandy to liberate Paris, representatives of 44 nations meeting at the M
101、ount Washington resort in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, created a financial and monetary system for the postwar era, referred to as Bretton Woods system.John Maynard Keynes, leader of the British delegation, was playing a tricky dual role. He had proposed a new monetary system to free the world from
102、 the Great Depression. He hoped that the new monetary system, would be the international pillar for the series of domestic measures that came to be known as Keynesianthe use of public spending to cure depression and the regulation of financial markets to prevent downturns caused by failed private fi
103、nancial investments. Keynes was also hoping to restore Britains prewar position as a leading industrial and financial power. His two roles overlapped, but far from perfectly The Americans shared the British desire to restore world growth, but not to preserve Britains empire.Keynes wrote to his colle
104、ague after the conference that in the new International Monetary Fund, “we have in truth got both in substance and in phrasing all that we could reasonably hope for.” The new World Bank, Keynes declared, offered grand possibilities”. The Americans are virtually committing themselves to quite huge un
105、tied loans for reconstruction and development.Yet in many respects, Bretton Woods was failure for Keynes and the British. America today is often described as the only surviving superpower, but in 1944 U.S. supremacy was towering. Germany and Japan were on the edge of ruin. Britain had gone massively
106、 into debt. The Russians had lost tens of millions of soldiers and civilians. America was unharmed, its casualties were modest by comparison, it held most of the worlds financial reserves, and its industrial plant was mightier than ever.Though Keynes inspired Bretton Woods, the Americans won the day
107、. In most matters, a rival design by Keyness American counterpart, Harry Dexter White, prevailed. White, a left-wing New Dealer serving as No. 2 man at the Department of Treasury, shared Keyness basic views on money. But the White plan provided a far more modest fund and bank. Instead of the generou
108、s extension of wartime lend-lease aid that Keynes was promoting, the British had to settle for an American loan, to be repaid with interest.The Bretton Woods system was welcomed as a vast improvement over both the rigid gold standard of pre-1914 and the monetary disorder of the interwar period. For
109、a quarter-century, Bretton Woods enhanced a rare period of steady growth, full employment, and financial stability. But in many respects, the boastful role of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the Bretton Woods rules specifying fixed exchange rates was a convenient illusion. The s
110、ystems true pillar was the United States the U.S. dollar as global currency; the U.S. economy as the consumer market for other nations exports; and U.S. recovery aid in the form of the Marshall Plan, which dwarfed the function of the World Bank.In the early 1970s, the Bretton Woods system came crash
111、ing down when domestic inflation forced the United States to devalue its own currency and cease playing the dominant role. Monetary instability and slower growth followed.43. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?A. Keynes was satisfied with the outcome of the conference.B. K
112、eynes further explained the idea of monetary reform he presented.C. Keynes emphasized the importance of having a new World Bank.D. Keynes pointed out the important role America played in postwar era.44. According to the passage, Keynes and White had different views on_.A. the roles of US and Britain
113、 in postwar era.B. the basic principles related to loans.C. the timing and target of giving fund.D. the interest rate British banks should offer.45. According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?A. The Bretton Woods system improved the rigid gold standard of the interwar period.
114、B. International Monetary Fund dominated the world market in many fields.C. The Bretton Woods system largely depended on the US economic success.D. Many countries received financial aid from the World Bank.46. The passage is mainly about _.A. the role of economy in the postwar era.B. two types of po
115、stwar diplomacy and their results.C an individuals contribution to the postwar world.D. the development of a financial system and its impact.【答案】43. A 44. B 45. C 46. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了战后金融和货币体系Bretton Woods体系的起源和发展，以及这一体系对英国和美国的影响。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“The new World Bank, Keynes declared, offer
116、ed grand possibilities”. The Americans are virtually committing themselves to quite huge untied loans for reconstruction and development. (Keynes宣称，新的世界银行提供了“巨大的可能性”。美国人实际上承诺为重建和发展提供大量的无条件贷款)”故我们可以从第三段划线的句子中推断出Keynes对会议的结果感到满意。故选A。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“But the White plan provided a far more modest f
117、und and bank. Instead of the generous extension of wartime lend-lease aid that Keynes was promoting, the British had to settle for an American loan, to be repaid with interest.(但White计划提供的基金和银行规模要小得多。与Keynes所倡导的慷慨的延长战时借贷租赁援助相反，英国不得不接受美国的贷款，并支付利息)”可知，Keynes和White对有关贷款的基本原则有不同的看法。故选B。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数
118、第二段中“The systems true pillar was the United States the U.S. dollar as global currency; the U.S. economy as the consumer market for other nations exports; and U.S. recovery aid in the form of the Marshall Plan, which dwarfed the function of the World Bank.( 这个体系真正的支柱是美国美元作为全球货币；美国经济作为其他国家出口产品的消费市场；美国
119、以马歇尔计划的形式提供复苏援助，这使世界银行的功能相形见绌)”可知，C选项“Bretton Woods体系很大程度上依赖于美国经济的成功”正确。故选C。【46题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“On July 22, 1944, as allied troops were racing across Normandy to liberate Paris, representatives of 44 nations meeting at the Mount Washington resort in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, created a financial a
120、nd monetary system for the postwar era, referred to as Bretton Woods system.( 1944年7月22日，当盟军穿越诺曼底去解放巴黎时，来自44个国家的代表在新罕布什尔州Bretton Woods的华盛顿山度假村开会，创建了一个战后金融和货币体系，被称为Bretton Woods体系)”结合文章主要介绍了战后金融和货币体系Bretton Woods体系的起源和发展，以及这一体系对英国和美国的影响。可知，这篇文章主要是关于金融体系的发展及其影响。故选D。(D)The myth of short-term memoryShor
121、t-term memory contains the contents of your thoughts right now, including what you intend to do in the next few seconds _47_ You may think about what youll say next in a conversation or walk to the hall closet with the intention of getting a pair of gloves.Short-term memory is easily disturbed or di
122、srupted. _48_ You do this by thinking about them, perhaps repeating them over and over again (Im going to the closet to get gloves) But any distraction a new thought, someone asking you a question, the telephone ringing-can disrupt short-term memory. Our ability to automatically restore the contents
123、 of the short-term lightly with every decade after 30._49_ Ive been teaching undergraduates for my entire career and can attest that even 20-year-olds make short-term memory errors-loads of them. They walk into the wrong classrooms; they show up to exams without the requisite No. 2 pencil they forge
124、t something I just said 2 minutes before. These are similar to the kinds of things 70-year-olds do.The relevant difference is not age but rather how we describe these events, the stories we tell ourselves about them. Twenty-year-olds dont think, Oh dear, this must be early-onset brain damage.” They
125、think, “ I really need to get more than four hours of sleep.The 70-year-old observes these same events and worries about her brain health. This is not to say that brain damage related memory impairments are fiction._50_ In the absence of brain disease, even the oldest older adults show little or no
126、cognitive memory decline beyond the age 85 and 90.A. But age is not the major factor so commonly assumed.B. Actually, it is doing some mental calculations.C. This is widely understood to be a classic problem of aging.D. Some aspects of memory actually get better as we ageE. It depends on your active
127、 attention to the items in thenext thing to do file in your mind.F. Instead, every lapse of short-term memory doesnt necessarily indicate a biological disorder.【答案】47. B 48. E 49. A 50. F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了可能影响人们短时记忆的因素，并提出在没有脑部疾病的情况下，短时记忆很少受生理年龄的影响。47题详解】上文“Short-term memory contains the contents
128、 of your thoughts right now, including what you intend to do in the next few seconds（短期记忆包含了你现在思想的内容，包括你接下来几秒钟要做什么。）”是对短时记忆的简单描述，下文“You may think about what youll say next in a conversation or walk to the hall closet with the intention of getting a pair of gloves.（你可能会在谈话中考虑接下来要说什么，或者走到门厅的壁橱里打算拿一副手套
129、。）”举例说明短时记忆是对接下来你要做的事情的一种规划，B项“Actually, it is doing some mental calculations.（实际上，它是在做一些心算。）”符合语境，下文是对选项的进一步解释，说明短时记忆和接下来要做的事情之间的关联，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。【48题详解】下文“You do this by thinking about them, perhaps repeating them over and over again (Im going to the closet to get gloves)（你可以通过思考它们来做到这一点，也许一遍又一遍地
130、重复它们(“我要去衣柜里拿手套”)。）”具体说明如何通过集中注意加强短时记忆，E项“It depends on your active attention to the items in the “next thing to do file in your mind.（这取决于你对“下一件事”的注意力是否集中。）”提出集中注意以加强短时记忆，引出下文。故选E项。【49题详解】上文“Our ability to automatically restore the contents of the short-term lightly with every decade after 30.（我们自动
131、恢复短期内容的能力在30岁以后每十年有所下降。）”，说明30岁之后年龄对短时记忆的影响，下文“Ive been teaching undergraduates for my entire career and can attest that even 20-year-olds make short-term memory errors-loads of them.（在我的整个职业生涯中，我一直在教本科生，我可以证明，即使是20多岁的人也会犯短期记忆错误而且是很多错误。）”说明和上文相反的内容，那就是30岁以下的人也会犯很多短时记忆的错误。因此空处应该是表示转折的过渡性语句，A项“But age
132、 is not the major factor so commonly assumed.（但年龄并不是人们普遍认为的主要因素。）”说明年龄不是限制短时记忆的主要因素，承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。【50题详解】下文“In the absence of brain disease, even the oldest older adults show little or no cognitive memory decline beyond the age 85 and 90.（在没有脑部疾病的情况下，即使是最高龄的老年人，在85岁和90岁之后也很少或根本没有认知记忆衰退。）”进一步说明认知记忆能
133、力和生理年龄的增加关系不大，F项“Instead, every lapse of short-term memory doesnt necessarily indicate a biological disorder.（相反，每一次短期记忆的缺失并不一定意味着一种生理紊乱。）”说明短时记忆的缺失并不总是和生理年龄的增加有关，引出下文，符合语境。故选F项。Section CDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that
134、 there is one word more than you need.A. resolve B.rival C. initiative D.granted E.stranded F. stretchG. reserve H. cited I. collective J. sprang K. obliged51. Under the pressing circumstances, we felt _ to deepen the reform and open wider to the outside world.52. A Moscow company is now marketing “
135、Sleep boxes”freestanding, mobile boxes with beds insidefor travelers _ overnight, or those in need of a quick snooze.53. With the governments newly-released scheme to support small and medium-sized enterprises, the dying industry was _ many privileges to continue its technical innovation.54. Domesti
136、c interest rates are often_ as a major factor affecting exchange rates.55. As the new master of the trading empire, with interests that _ from chemicals to sugar, she is burdened with the rise of the family business.56. All the criticism of her acting didnt stop her pursuit of art, instead it merely
137、 strengthened her _ to establish herself in West End threatre productions.57. Her political consciousness _ from her upbringing when her fathers illness left the family short of money.58. Many theorists believe the ideal boss should lead teams from behind, taking pride in _ accomplishment and giving
138、 credit where it is due.59. So magnificent was the sight from the top of the mountain that we thought nothing could _ what we saw in the Alps.60. Were I in charge of the local wildlife_ , I would by all means prohibit visitorswhether they came with commercial purposes or for pure recreationfrom gett
139、ing into it.【答案】51. K 52. E 53. D 54. H 55. F 56. A 57. J 58. I 59. B 60. G【解析】【分析】【51题详解】考查形容词。句意：在这种紧迫的情况下，我们必须深化改革，扩大开放。根据句意表示“必须”可知应填形容词obliged，作表语，短语obliged to“不得不”。故填obliged。故选K。【52题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：莫斯科一家公司目前正在推出“睡眠箱”一种带有床的独立式移动睡眠箱，供滞留过夜的旅客或需要快速小睡的人使用。根据句意表示“滞留”可知应填动词strand，且分析句子结构可知应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑
140、主语travelers构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填stranded。故选E。【53题详解】考查动词语态。句意：随着政府新发布的支持中小企业的计划，这个垂死的行业获得了许多特权，可以继续其技术创新。根据句意表示“允许，授予”应填动词grant，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，结合上文was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故填granted。故选D。【54题详解】考查动词语态。句意：国内利率经常被认为是影响汇率的主要因素。根据句意表示“被认为”可知短语为be cited as。故填cited。故选H。【55题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：作为贸易帝国的新掌门人，她的业务范围从化学品到食
141、糖，家族企业的崛起给她带来了沉重负担。根据语境表示“从到延伸”应填动词stretch，在从句中作谓语，结合后文“she is burdened with the rise of the family business”可知为一般现在时，且定语从句中谓语动词与先行词interests保持人称和数的一致，故应用原形。故填stretch。故选F。【56题详解】考查名词。句意：所有对她表演的批评并没有停止她对艺术的追求，相反，这只是坚定了她在西区威龙剧团站稳脚跟的决心。根据句意表示“决心”可知短语为resolve to，短语strengthen ones resolve to“坚定的决心”。故填res
142、olve。故选A。【57题详解】考查动词时态。句意：她的政治意识源于她的成长经历，当时她父亲的疾病使家里缺钱。根据句意表示“源于”可知短语为spring from，结合后文her fathers illness left the family short of money可知用一般过去时。故填sprang。故选J。【58题详解】考查形容词。句意：许多理论家认为，理想的老板应该在背后领导团队，为集体成就感到自豪，并给予应得的赞扬。根据句意表示“集体的”应填形容词collective，作定语修饰名词accomplishment。故填collective。故选I。【59题详解】考查动词。句意：从山顶
143、看到的景色如此壮观，我们认为没有什么能与在阿尔卑斯山看到的景色相媲美。根据句意表示“相媲美”可知应填动词rival，作谓语，且could后跟动词原形。故填rival。故选B。【60题详解】考查名词。句意：如果我是当地野生动物保护区的负责人，我绝对会禁止游客无论他们是出于商业目的还是纯粹的娱乐目的进入保护区。根据句意表示“保护区”可知应填名词reserve，此处为特指应用单数。故填reserve。故选G。第卷V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given
144、in the brackets.61. 专家建议这种饮料六个月内饮用完。(consume) (汉译英)【答案】Experts suggest that this kind of drinks (should) be consumed in six months.【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句和虚拟语气。根据汉语提示，experts为主语，谓语为suggest ，主句为一般现在时，suggest“建议 ”后接宾语从句，从句为虚拟语气（should+动词原形），主语为this kind of drinks，与谓语consume为被动关系。故翻译为：Experts suggest that this
145、kind of drinks (should) be consumed in six months.62. 我们越多谈论虚拟现实,对它的认识就越深刻。(The比较级,the比较级) (汉译英)【答案】The more we talk about virtual reality, the deeper understanding we will have of it.【解析】【详解】考查固定句型。“The+比较级.，the+比较级.”为固定句型，连接两个句子，表示“越，就越”，本句中“虚拟现实”用“virtual reality”；“谈论”用talk about ；“对有很深的认识”可用“ ha
146、ve a deep understanding of .”，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：The more we talk about virtual reality, the deeper understanding we will have of it.63. 我们做这份工作不能粗心大意，不然将造成巨大损失。(afford) (汉译英)【答案】We cant afford to be careless in doing this job, or it will cause tremendous loss.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语和时态。此处前半句主语为we；结合句意
147、表示“不能”可用短语cant afford to do sth.；表示“做某事粗心大意”应用短语be careless in doing sth.；后本句中主语为it，表示“造成巨大损失”短语为cause tremendous loss，时态为一般将来时。故翻译为We cant afford to be careless in doing this job, or it will cause tremendous loss.64. 社交网络在我们的生活中扮演了如此重要的角色，以至于它影响了彼此间的沟通方式。(such) (汉译英)【答案】Social network plays such an
148、 important role in our life that it affects how we communicate with each other.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。此处表示“如此以至于”应用suchthat引导结果状语从句，构成“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+ that从句”；结合句意表示“社交网络”短语为social network；表示“扮演了重要角色”短语为play an important role in；表示“影响”应用动词affect，作谓语；后跟宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，应用how引导；表示“沟通”短语为commun
149、icate with；表示“彼此”短语为each other。句子应用一般现在时。故翻译为Social network plays such an important role in our life that it affects how we communicate with each other.65. 这座南方小镇值得一游，那儿所有的传统明代建筑都保存完好，人们行走其间宛如置身画中。(where) (汉译英)【答案】This small southern town is worth visiting, where all traditional Ming dynasty buildin
150、gs are well-preserved and it is like being in a picture when people walk through it.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句、固定短语和时态。此处为where引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词small southern town；主句中主语为small southern town；表示“值得做某事”短语为be worth doing；从句中表示“所有的传统明代建筑”应用短语all traditional Ming dynasty buildings，作主语；表示“保存完好”应用形容词well-preserved，作
151、表语；表示“宛如置身画中”可翻译为it is like being in a picture；后为when引导的时间状语从句，表示“行走其间”应用短语walk through。句子应用一般现在时。故翻译为This small southern town is worth visiting, where all traditional Ming dynasty buildings are well-preserved and it is like being in a picture when people walk through it. Guided Writing66. Direction
152、s: Write an English composition in about150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.寒假中, 你所在的班级将进行一次市内徒步活动, 主题为“寻找上海的年味”, 班长正在征集方案, 请你写一封电子邮件描述你的设想。你的邮件必需包括：1.活动具体时间和行走线路；2.你的理由。【答案】Dear Monitor,I am writing to you because I have an idea for this city hike that I hope you will ado
153、pt. We can meet at the library on Wednesday morning at eight o clock. Notice that everyones backpacks should be light, because well be hiking. Start with the Chenghuang Temple, where we can experience the traditional flavors and customs of Shanghai. Then go to Longhua Temple, make a wish on the wish
154、ing tree and ring the bell for blessing. At four o clock in the afternoon we leave for Yu Garden to see the beautiful lantern fair. Finally, we go to the Bund to listen to the New Year bell and shout the countdown together. I think we will experience the true flavor of Shanghai New Year by following
155、 this route.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给班长写封邮件，描述你对主题为“寻找上海的年味”的班级市内徒步活动的设想。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.介绍活动具体时间和行走线路；2.说明你的理由；第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）meet at the library; start with the Chenghuang Temple; experience the traditional flavors and customs;
156、go to Longhua Temple; make a wish; ring the bell for blessing; see the beautiful lantern fair; shout the countdown together第三步：连词成句1.I am writing to you because I have an idea for this city hike that I hope you will adopt. 2.We can meet at the library on Wednesday morning at eight o clock. 3.Notice
157、that everyones backpacks should be light, because well be hiking.4.Start with the Chenghuang Temple, where we can experience the traditional flavors and customs of Shanghai.5.Then go to Longhua Temple, make a wish on the wishing tree and ring the bell for blessing. 6.At four o clock in the afternoon
158、 we leave for Yu Garden to see the beautiful lantern fair. 7.Finally, we go to the Bund to listen to the New Year bell and shout the countdown together. 8.I think we will experience the true flavor of Shanghai New Year by following this route.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：Finally, Then2.表因果关系：Because连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1Start with the Chenghuang Temple, where we can experience the traditional flavors and customs of Shanghai. （where引导的定语从句）高分句型2Notice that everyones backpacks should be light, because well be hiking.（that引导的宾语从句）