1、2020学年第一学期奉贤区高三英语学科质量调研（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only on
2、ce. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Cook and baker.B. Waitress and diner.C. P
3、atient and dentist.D. Tailor and customer.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M: Could you have the dress ready before Friday, madam?W: Sorry. Im afraid we cant. You know making the traditional Chinese buttons takes time.Q: Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers?2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How much does one dre
4、ss actually cost?A. $150.B. $200.C. $300.D. $600.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Your new dress looks nice. How much is it?W: Ive got three of them. 300 dollars each. But its buy two get one free.Q: How much does one dress actually cost?3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a h
5、ospital.B. In a nursery.C. In a drugstore.D. In a surgery room.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: I just came from the hospital. The doctor mentioned Id better take some pain killers.W: Have you brought the prescription with you?Q: Where does this conversation probably take place?4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】According to the
6、woman, what may the flower need?A. Suitable fertilizers.B. Adequate water.C. Rich soil.D. Proper temperature.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M: Ive watered the flower and added some fertilizers. How come it is still not doing well?W: Well. Why not move it into the house? Maybe thatll help.Q: According to the woman, wh
7、at may the flower need?5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How is the man today?A. Hes better.B. Hes feeling worse.C. Hes sick in bed.D. He has recovered.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W: I heard you caught a cold. How are you feeling today?M: I cant complain. At least Im out of bed.Q: How is the man today?6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What
8、 does the woman mean?A. The boy can ask his sister for help.B. The boy should have worked harder.C. The boys sister is cleverer than he is.D. The boys sister is doing her homework.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Im stuck with my English homework.W: Why dont you pick your sisters brains? Shes good at English.Q: What
9、 does the woman mean?7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What can we learn about the woman?A. She prefers attending classes to studying online.B. She feels distracted in an online class.C. She thinks online classes suit her learning style.D. She is easily distracted by other people.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: Dont you sometim
10、es get distracted, studying online the whole day?W: Just the opposite. I actually work better at my own pace.Q: What can we learn about the woman?8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman mean?A. The dinner is prepared.B. They need another table.C. The tables are not long enough.D. Someone is not com
11、ing for dinner.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Do we have all the tables for tonights dinner?W: I am afraid we are one short unless somebody is not coming.Q: What does the woman mean?9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What can we learn from this conversation?A. The woman believes that the man can give up smoking.B. The man finds
12、 it easy to give up smoking.C. The man cant resist the temptation of smoking.D. The man has convinced the woman that he can give up smoking【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Frank, I can see you simply couldnt give up smoking.M: Nonsense. Smoking is the easiest thing in the world to give up. Ive done it hundreds of ti
13、mes.Q: What can we learn from this conversation?10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the man doing?A He is solving a math problem.B. He is rewriting the numbers of the report.C. He is trying to make a sound budget.D. He is checking the financial report.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: Youve been dealing with the budget rep
14、ort for nearly an hour. Anything wrong?M: I keep adding and reading the numbers, but they just dont balance.Q: What is the man doing?Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The
15、 passages and conversion will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11. Why did the speakers mother enrol
16、l her in a ballet course?A. She wanted her to be a ballet dancer.B. She hated to see her wasting time.C. She used to be a ballet dancer herself.D. She was too busy to look after her.12. When did the speakers dancing life come to a stop?A. After she started teaching English.B. When she moved to New Y
17、ork city.C. Before she left for New Zealand.D. Once she began to live on her own.13. What is the passage mainly about?A. The speakers dancing experience.B. The development of salsa dancing.C. The popularity of salsa dancing.D. The reasons why the speaker loves dancing salsa.【答案】11. B 12. A 13. A【解析】
18、【原文】A question we often ask others is “What do you normally do after school or work?” Some common answers are, “Well, I go to the gym.” “Um, I just go home and watch TV.” “I meet my friends for dinner.” or “I just go to bed because its late and Im tired.”Unlike any of these typical responses, Im pro
19、ud to say that I love to dance salsa after a long and tiring day of work. Salsa is a kind of dancing that evolved in the mid-1970s in New York.My dancing life began not because I wanted to do it, but because my mother was sick and tired of seeing me running around after school doing nothing. So she
20、enrolled me into a ballet course when I was six. I fell in love with it instantly and continued with ballet dancing for about ten years.Then, I left my native country of New Zealand to start my career as an English teacher, which eventually brought my dancing life to a stop.It wasnt until I rediscov
21、ered salsa in a lovely studio while working in Asia that I renewed my passion for dancing. Since then, I have been trying to attend dancing classes twice a week after work. Its a great way for me to relieve stress and pressure, and dance my way towards feeling energetic and happy again.听下面一段独白，回答以下小
22、题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14. What was advertising like in the Middle Ages?A. Merchants were employed to promote products.B. Ad messages were shouted out in public places.C. Production information was included in books.D. Ad signs were put up in towns.15. Which characteristic is not mentioned about the 18t
23、h century advertising?A. Repeating the names of goods in ads.B. Adding pictures and expressions in ads.C. Organizing words and expressions carefully in ads.D. Designing posters and slogans for goods in ads.16. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The development of advertising.B. The significa
24、nce of advertising designs.C. The relationship between newspapers advertising and merchants.D. The various ways to make advertisements.【答案】14. B 15. D 16. A【解析】【原文】The word advertising refers to any kind of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people. Throughout
25、history, advertising has been an effective way to promote the trading and selling of goods. In the Middle Ages, merchants employed “town criers” to read public messages aloud to promote their goods. When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements could be printed easily
26、and were either hung in public places or put in books.By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important way to promote products and services. And several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspa
27、per ads for merchants.Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century. Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text. Everything, from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firms name or product, words organized in ey
28、e-catching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember.Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as “advertising agencies”. The agencies developed new ways to get people to think of themselves as members of
29、 a group. Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism as a way of life, spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the “right” products.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17. How does Catherine feel about transferring to a new school?A. Worried
30、.B. Thrilled.C. Frustrated.D. Sad.18. What does Mr. Lee encourage Catherine to do?A. Seek advice from senior students.B. Pick up some meaningful hobbies.C. Participate in after-school activities.D. Look into what the school offers.19. What does Mr. Lee promise to do for Catherine?A. Give her help wh
31、enever she needs it.B. Find her accommodation on campus.C. Accept her as a transfer student.D. Introduce her to her roommates.20. What do we know about Catherines schoolmate Bree?A. She has some interests similar to Catherine.B. She has chosen the same major as Catherine.C. She has become friends wi
32、th Catherine.D. She has just transferred to the school too.【答案】17. A 18. C 19. A 20. D【解析】【原文】W: Good morning, Mr. Lee. May I have a minute of your time?M: Sure, Catherine. What can I do for you?W: Im quite anxious about transferring over to your school. Im afraid I wont fit in.M: Dont worry, Cather
33、ine. Its completely normal for you to be nervous about transferring schools.W: Yes, I know, but Im younger than most of the students in my year and that worries me a lot.M: Well you may be the only younger one in your year. But, you know, we have a lot of after-school activities you can join and in
34、this way, youll be able to meet new friends of different age groups.W: Thats nice. I love games and hobby groups.M: I m sure you do. So youll be fine. Don worry so much and try to make the most of what we have offered here. Also, remember that you can come to me anytime of the day if you need help.W
35、: Thanks so much. I definitely feel better now. As a matter of fact, Ive already contacted one of the girls whod be living in the same dormitory with me, and she seemed really nice. I guess living on campus Ill have a chance to have a closer circle of friends.M: All students are very friendly with n
36、ew arrivals. Let me check whod live with you. Okay, there are Hannah, Kelly and Bree. Bree is also a new student here like you. I m sure you two will have more to share with each other.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage c
37、oherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Children moving from primary to secondary school are ill-equipped to deal with the booming of social media, as
38、it is playing an increasingly important role in their lives, and is exposing them to significant emotional risks, according to a recent report by the Office of the Childrens Commissioner for England.The report shows that many children in year 7 the first year of secondary school, _21_ almost everyon
39、e in the class will have a phone and be active on social media feel under pressure to be constantly connected.They kind of _22_ (worry) about their online image, particularly when they start to follow celebrities on Instagram and other platforms. They are also upset about “sharenting” when parents p
40、ost pictures of them on social media without _23_ (permit) and show the concern _24_ their parents wont listen if they ask them to take pictures down.The report, based on group interviews with 8- to 12-year-olds , shows that _25_ most social media sites have an official age limit of 13, an _26_ (est
41、imate) 75% of 10- to 12-year-olds will have a social media account.Some children are almost addicted to “likes”, the report says. Aaron, an 11-year-old in year 7, told researchers, “If I got 150 likes, Id be like, thats pretty cool, it means they like you.” Some children described feeling _27_ (conf
42、ident) than those they follow on social media. Aimee, also 11, said, “_28_ (compare) yourself with them, you might feel devalued because youre not very pretty.”Childrens Commissioner for England Anne Longfield is calling on parents and teachers to do more to prepare children for the emotional impact
43、 of social media as they get older. “What a child has learnt at primary school does not guarantee he can protect _29_ from the risks that social media will present.”“It means a bigger role for schools in making sure children _30_ (prepare) for the emotional demands of social media. And it means soci
44、al media companies are supposed to assume more responsibilities.” Longfield said.【答案】21. when 22. worry 23. being permitted 24. that 25. although/ though/ while 26. estimated 27. less confident 28. Comparing 29. himself 30. are prepared【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述根据一份报告，从小学到中学的孩子们无力应对社交媒体的影响，许多中学新生遭受社交媒体相关压力
45、，担心别人对自己的看法，所以儿童专家呼吁学校要帮助学生应对社会化媒体的挑战。【21题详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：该报告显示，许多七年级的孩子也就是中学一年级的孩子，班上几乎每个人都有手机，在社交媒体上都很活跃感到了持续联系的压力。分析句子可知_1_ almost everyone in the class will have a phone，为非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the first year of secondary school，表示时间，在从句中作时间状语，故填when。【22题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他们有点担心自己的网络形象，尤其是当他们开始在Instagra
46、m和其他平台上关注名人时。分析句子可知。设空处为谓语，从句用的一般现在时，主句也用一般现在时，主语是they，故填worry。【23题详解】考查动名词。句意：他们也对“晒娃”(父母未经允许在社交媒体上发布他们的照片)感到不安，并担心如果他们要求他们把照片取下来，父母不会听。分析句子可知，设空处为介词without的宾语，并且和前面的主语是被动关系，应用动名词的被动结构，故填being permitted。【24题详解】考查同位语从句的连接词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，_4_ their parents wont listen if they ask them to take pictures
47、down为同位语从句，对concern进行解释，从句中不缺少成分，也不缺少意思，故填that。【25题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：这份报告是基于对8- 12岁儿童的群体采访得出的。报告显示，尽管大多数社交媒体网站的官方年龄限制是13岁，但估计有75%的10- 12岁儿童将拥有社交媒体账户。分析句子可知，_5_ most social media sites have an official age limit of 13为从句，和后面的主句构成让步关系，故填although/ though/ while【26题详解】考查形容词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，设空处用来修饰75%的儿童，也就是用来
48、修饰名词的，应用形容词作定语，故填estimated。【27题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：一些孩子描述说，他们比那些在社交媒体上关注的孩子更不自信。分析句子可知，设空处接在系动词feel后应用形容词，后面有than，应该是比较级，根据上文“If I got 150 likes, Id be like, thats pretty cool, it means they like you.” “如果我得到150个赞，我会说，这太酷了，这意味着他们喜欢你。”由此可推断这里是更没有自信，故填less confident。【28题详解】考查现在分词。句意：把自己和她们比较，你可能会觉得自己被贬低了，因
49、为你不是很漂亮。”分析句子可知，设空处在句中作状语，和主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填Comparing。【29题详解】考查反身代词。句意：一个孩子在小学学到的知识并不能保证他就能保护自己免受社交媒体带来的风险。”根据句意，可知是保护自己，根据主语是he，应用它的反身代词，故填himself。【30题详解】考查时态语态。句意：这意味着学校要发挥更大的作用，确保孩子们为社交媒体的情感需求做好准备。分析句子可知，设空处为从句的谓语，主句用一般现在时，从句也应用一般现在时，从句的主语是children，谓语和主语之间为被动关系，故填are prepared。Section BDirection
50、s: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. similarly B. potential C. restricting D. sense E. evidenced F. influentialG. crowned H. fairly I. emerging J. terms K. contextsCambridge Dictionarys Wor
51、d of the Year 2020Quarantine has been named Word of the Year 2020 by Cambridge Dictionary, a website where editors use data from the website, blogs, and social media to identify and prioritize new additions. On the New Words Blog, _31_ new additions are posted weekly for readers to cast their votes
52、on whether they feel these words should be added. Surprisingly, “Quarantine” has defeated “lockdown” and “pandemic” to be _32_ Word of the Year 2020 after data showed it to be one of the most highly searched for on the Cambridge Dictionary.The Cambridge Dictionary editors have also tracked how peopl
53、e were using the word quarantine and discovered a new meaning _33_: a general period of time in which people are not allowed to leave their homes or travel freely, so that they do not catch or spread a disease.Research shows the word is being used _34_ to lockdown, particularly in the United States,
54、 to refer to a situation in which people stay home to avoid catching the disease.This new _35_ of quarantine has now been added to the Cambridge Dictionary, and marks a shift from the existing meanings, which relate to _36_ a person or animal suspected of being infectious.Neither corona virus nor CO
55、VID-19 appeared among the words that Cambridge Dictionary users searched for most this year. We believe this indicates that people have been _37_ confident about what the virus is. Instead, users have been searching for words related to the social and economic impacts of the pandemic, as _38_ not ju
56、st by quarantine but by the two runners-up on the shortlist for Word of the Year: lockdown and pandemic itself. This interest in quarantine and other related _39_ was reflected not only in our search statistics, but also in visits to this blog.Cambridge Dictionary is the top dictionary website for E
57、nglish learning. The dictionary not only shows how words are used in real-world _40_ but also gives out their definitions.【答案】31. B 32. G 33. I 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. H 38. E 39. J 40. K【解析】本文为说明文。近日，“检疫”一词被剑桥词典(Cambridge Dictionary)网站评为2020年“年度词汇”。该网站的编辑们利用网站、博客和社交媒体的数据来确定并优先考虑新增词汇。【31题详解】考查形容词。句意：在
58、New Words博客上，每周都会张贴潜在的新增词汇，供读者投票决定是否应该添加这些词汇。分析句子成分可知，所设空作定语，所以应用形容词形式，根据句意，“potential(潜在的)”符合语境，故选B。【32题详解】考查过去分词。句意：令人惊讶的是，在数据显示“隔离”成为剑桥词典搜索量最高的词汇后，“隔离”击败了“封锁”和“大流行”，成为2020年年度词汇。根据句意，“crown(加冕，荣登)”符合语境，该词与主语之间为被动关系，故应用其过去分词形式crowned，故选G。【33题详解】考查动词-ing形式。句意：剑桥词典的编辑们还追踪了人们如何使用“隔离”一词，并发现了一个新含义:在一段时间
59、内，人们不允许离开家园或自由旅行，以免感染或传播疾病。 根据句意搭配，这里理解为“发现一个新的意义出现（emerge）”，该词与其前的名词a new meaning为主动关系，故应用动词-ing形式，“emerging(浮现，出现)”符合语境，故选I。【34题详解】考查副词。句意：研究表明，这个词的使用类似于封锁，尤其是在美国，指的是人们呆在家里以避免感染疾病。分析句子成分可知，所设空处作状语，应用副词，根据句意，“similarly(类似)”符合语境，故选A。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：现在，“隔离”的新含义已被收入剑桥词典，它标志着对原有含义的转变，原有含义指限制被怀疑具有传染性的人或动
60、物。分析句子成分可知，所设空处在句中作主语，根据句意，“sense(观念，意义)”符合语境，故选D。36题详解】考查动词-ing形式。句意：现在，“隔离”的新含义已被收入剑桥词典，它标志着对原有含义的转变，原有含义指限制被怀疑具有传染性的人或动物。根据句意，“restrict (限制)”符合语境，根据其前的介词to可知，此处应用动名词，故restricting符合题意，故选C。【37题详解】考查副词。句意：我们认为，这表明人们对这种病毒相当有信心。分析句子成分可知，所设空处作状语，修饰confident，根据句意，“fairly (相当)”符合语境，故选H。【38题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：相
61、反，用户们一直在搜索与疫情的社会和经济影响相关的词汇，不仅是“隔离”，还体现在年度词汇的第二名:“封锁”和疫情本身。根据句意，as evidenced by 为固定搭配，意为“根据，由可见一斑”，所以填evidenced，故选E。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：这种对隔离和其他相关术语的兴趣不仅反映在我们的搜索统计数据中，也反映在对这个博客的访问中。分析句子成分可知，此处应填名词作主语，根据句意，“terms(术语)”符合语境，故选J。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：词典不仅显示了单词在现实生活的语境中是如何使用的，而且给出了它们的定义。分析句子成分可知，此处应填名词，根据句意，“contexts
62、(语境；上下文)”符合语境，故选K。III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why liars lie: What science tells us about deceptionWe all do it someti
63、mes, even though we know its wrong. But heres the problem with lying: research shows that the more you lie, the easier it gets, and the more likely you are to do it again. “The dangerous thing about lying is that people dont understand how the act changes us,” said Dan Ariely, a behavioral psycholog
64、ist at Duke.Psychologists have documented children lying as early as age 2. Some experts even consider lying a _41_ milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires complex planning, attention and the ability to see a situation from someone elses _42_ to effectively control them. But for mo
65、st people, lying gets _43_ as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.A 2010 study on the frequency of lying in America found that in a given 24-hour period, most adults reported not telling any lies. Almost half the lies recorded in the study could be _44_ just 5 percent of
66、participants. And most people _45_ lying when they could, turning to deception only when the truth was troublesome.Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Greene said, _46_ , for most of us, lying takes work. In studies, he presented study subjects with a chance to deceive for monetary gain while ex
67、amining their brains in a functional MRI(核磁共振) machine, which _47_ blood flow to active parts of the brain.Some people told the truth instinctively. But others _48_ opted to lie, and they showed _49_ activity in their frontal parietal (额顶叶) control network, which is involved in difficult or complex
68、thinking. This suggests that they were deciding between truth and _50_ and ultimately opting for the latter.For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural reward centers were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars suggesting that lying may h
69、ave to do with the _51_ to resist temptation.Scientists dont really know what prevents all of us from lying all the time. Some believe truth-telling is a social norm we internalize, or a result of conflict in our brains between the things we want and the _52_ image of ourselves we strive to maintain
70、. But the curious thing about this _53_ mechanism is that it comes from within.However, external conditions also matter _54_ when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we are able to justify it, when we are _55_ and exhausted, or when we see others being dishonest. An
71、d we are less likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others are watching.41. A. historicalB. developmentalC. mentalD. psychological42. A. perspectiveB. imaginationC. experienceD. evaluation43. A. dominatedB. preferredC. acceptedD. limited44. A. attributed toB. applied toC. reduc
72、ed toD. distributed to45. A. regrettedB. avoidedC. recognizedD. denied46. A. anyhowB. insteadC. indeedD. likewise47. A. stimulatesB. mapsC. guidesD. assesses48. A. reasonablyB. randomlyC. passivelyD. deliberately49. A. restoredB. failedC. regulatedD. increased50. A. moralityB. fantasyC. dishonestyD.
73、 reality51. A. inabilityB. impulseC. determinationD. possibility52. A. uniqueB. objectiveC. positiveD. typical53. A. preventiveB. persuasiveC. interactiveD. decisive54. A. regardless ofB. by means ofC. in response toD. in terms of55. A. delightedB. motivatedC. encouragedD. stressed【答案】41. B 42. A 43
74、. D 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. D 50. C 51. A 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人在什么情况下会撒谎以及撒谎的原因。【41题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些专家甚至认为撒谎是一个发展的里程碑，就像爬行和行走一样，因为它需要复杂的规划、注意力和从别人的角度看问题的能力，从而有效地控制局面。A. historical历史的；B. developmental发展的；C. mental精神的；D. psychological心理的。根据后文“like crawling and walking,
75、because it requires complex planning, attention and the ability to see a situation”可知，此处指撒谎是一个发展的里程碑。故选B。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些专家甚至认为撒谎是一个发展的里程碑，就像爬行和行走一样，因为它需要复杂的规划、注意力和从别人的角度看问题的能力，从而有效地控制局面。A. perspective看法，观点；B. imagination想象； C. experience经历；D. evaluation评估。根据空前“ see a situation”可知，此处指撒谎是从别人的角度看
76、问题的能力。故选A。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但对大多数人来说，当我们发展出道德感和自我调节能力时，撒谎就会受到限制。A. dominated支配，控制；B. preferred偏爱；C. accepted接受；D. limited限制。根据空后“as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.”可知，因为有了道德感和自我调节能力时，撒谎就会受到限制。故选D。【44题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这项研究中，几乎一半的谎言可以归因于5%的参与者。A. attributed to归因于，由于；B.
77、 applied to应用于；C. reduced to降低到；D. distributed to分发给。由前文“most adults reported not telling any lies. ”可知，大部分成年人几乎不撒谎了，所以此处表示一半的谎言可以归因于一小部分的参与者。故选A。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数人都尽量避免说谎，只有在真相令人费解的时候才会转向欺骗。A. regretted后悔；B. avoided避免；C. recognized辨认；D. denied拒绝。根据后文“when they could, turning to deception only
78、when the truth was troublesome.”可知，大部分人都会避免撒谎，只有在万不得已的情况下才那样做。故选B。【46题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：哈佛大学的认知神经科学家Joshua Greene说，事实上，对我们大多数人来说，撒谎需要付出努力。A. anyhow不管怎么样；B. instead相反；C. indeed事实上；D. likewise同样地。根据后文研究结果可知，撒谎的确需用付出努力。故选C。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在研究中，他给研究对象一个机会，让他们通过欺骗来获得金钱，同时用核磁共振成像机检查他们的大脑，这将绘制出血液流向大脑活跃部分。A
79、. stimulates刺激；B. maps绘制；C. guides指导；D. assesses评估。根据前文“examining their brains in a functional MRI(核磁共振) machine”可知，因为用功能磁共振成像机检查他们的大脑，所以此处需用动词maps，表示绘制出血液流向大脑活跃部分的图。故选B。【48题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但另一些人则故意撒谎，他们额顶叶控制网络(涉及困难或复杂的思考)活动增加。A. reasonably合理地；B. randomly随意地；C. passively被动地；D. deliberately故意地。根据前文“So
80、me people told the truth instinctively”和转折连词but可知，有的人故意撒谎。故选D。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但另一些人则故意撒谎，他们的额顶叶控制网络(涉及困难或复杂的思考)活动增加。A. restored恢复，还原；B. failed失败；C. regulated控制；D. increased增加。因为撒谎进行复杂的思考，所以额顶叶控制网络(涉及困难或复杂的思考)活动增加。故选D。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的建议是，他们要在真相和不诚实之间做出抉择，最终选择后者。A. morality道德；B. fantasy幻想；C. d
81、ishonesty不诚实；D. reality现实。根据空前“ truth and”可知，空处需用dishonesty与之对应。故选C。【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在后续的分析中，他发现那些在赢钱时神经奖励中心更活跃的人也更有可能成为说谎者这表明撒谎可能与无法抗拒的诱惑有关。A. inability无能力；B. impulse冲动；C. determination决心；D. possibility可能。根据空后“resist temptation”可知，此处指没有能力去抵抗诱惑，所以会撒谎。故选A。【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些人认为，说实话是我们内化的一种社会规范，或
82、者是我们的大脑中我们想要的东西和我们努力维持的积极形象之间冲突的结果。A. unique独一无二的；B. objective客观的；C. positive积极的；D. typical典型的。根据前文“Some believe truth-telling is a social norm we internalize”和空后“image of ourselves we strive to maintain.”可知，此处指我们努力维持积极的形象。故选C。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这种预防机制的奇怪之处在于，它是由内部产生的。 A. preventive预防的；B. persuasi
83、ve有说服力的；C. interactive互动的；D. decisive决定性的。根据本段第一句“Scientists dont really know what prevents all of us from lying all the time.（科学家真的不知道是什么阻止我们所有人一直撒谎。）”可知，此处指预防机制。故选A。【54题详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：然而，外部条件也会影响我们撒谎的时间和频率。A. regardless of不管，不顾；B. by means of通过；C. in response to对作出回应；D. in terms of在方面。根据空后“when
84、and how often we lie.”可知，此处需用in terms of，表示在撒谎的时间和频率方面，外部条件有影响。故选D。【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，当我们能够为自己的行为辩护时，当我们感到压力和疲惫时，或者当我们看到别人不诚实时，我们更有可能撒谎。A. delighted高兴的；B. motivated激励的；C. encouraged鼓励的；D. stressed有压力的。根据空后“and exhausted”可知，此处指当我们压力和疲惫时，我们更会可能撒谎。故选D。Section BDirections: Read the following three
85、 passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)DandelionsI remember as a young child bringing a bunc
86、h of brilliant yellow flowers to my mother. It didnt matter that the stems felt sticky or that both my parents cursed the presence of these flowers in the lawn. I thought they were beautiful!And there were so many of them! We spent hours picking the flowers and then popping the blossoms off with a s
87、nap of our fingers. But the supply of dandelions (蒲公英) never ran out. My father or brothers would chop off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) at least once a week, but that didnt stop these hardy wonders.And for those flowers that escaped the honor of being hand-delivered to my mother or the sha
88、rp blades of the lawnmower, there was another level of existence. The soft roundness of a dandelion gone to seed caused endless laughter of delight as we unconsciously spread this flower across the yard.As I worked in my garden last week, pulling unwanted weeds out of the space that would become a h
89、aven for tomatoes, corn, peas and sunflowers, I again marveled at the flower that some call a weed.And I thought, if only I had the staying power of a dandelion. If only I could stretch my roots so deep and straight that something tugging on my stem couldnt separate me completely from the source tha
90、t feeds me life. If only I could come back to face the world with a bright, sunshiny face after someone has run me over with a lawnmower or worse, purposely attacked me in an attempt to destroy me. If only I could spread love and encouragement as freely and fully as this flower spreads seeds of itse
91、lf.The lawns at my parents home are now beautiful green blankets. The only patches of color come from well-placed, well-controlled flowerbeds. Chemicals have managed to kill what human interference couldnt. I hope you and I can be different. I hope that we can stretch our roots deep enough that the
92、strongest poison cant reach our souls. I hope that we can overcome the poisons of anger, fear, hate, criticism and competitiveness.56. The authors parents probably viewed the dandelions in the lawn as _.A. supplies of seedsB. beautiful wondersC. unwanted weedsD. patches of colors57. What does the au
93、thor mean by “another level of existence” in paragraph 3?A. The flowers were meant as a joyful gift to her mother.B. The flowers evolved into a stronger species because of frequent mowing.C. The flowers were tough enough to spread new lives themselves.D. The flowers that some called a weed were diff
94、icult to pull out.58. What can we learn from the article?A. The authors family enjoyed the dandelions as much as she did.B. The author purposefully replaced some dandelions with crops.C. The dandelions were never successfully removed from the lawn.D. The author felt sorry but encouraged by the fate
95、of the dandelions.59. Through the article, the author mainly wants to _.A. share the inspirations she gained from the dandelionsB. arouse public awareness to pay close attention to the beauty in lifeC. show the importance of planting dandelionsD. express the shame that only she saw the beauty of the
96、 dandelion【答案】56. C 57. C 58. D 59. A【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了作者孩童时代时把几束鲜艳的黄色花朵（蒲公英）送给妈妈的事，作者的爸妈当时都在埋怨草坪里怎么会长这些花，但作者没在意，因为作者觉得这些花非常的美丽。文章抒发了作者对蒲公英的赞美之情。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“both my parents cursed the presence of these flowers in the lawn. ”（我父母都诅咒草坪上有这些花。）可知，作者的父母是讨厌蒲公英的，他们把蒲公英看作杂草。故选C。【57题详解】词义理解题。根据第五段第
97、一句“And I thought, if only I had the staying power of a dandelion.”（我想，要是我有蒲公英那样的耐力就好了。）以及第五段最后一句“If only I could spread love and encouragement as freely and fully as this flower spreads seeds of itself.”（要是我能像这朵花播撒自己的种子那样自由而充分地传播爱和鼓励就好了。）可知，作者很佩服蒲公英的被割草机割掉又能继续生长的耐力和能够自由传播种子的能力。故选C。【58题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一
98、段最后一句“I hope that we can overcome the poisons of anger, fear, hate, criticism and competitiveness.”（我希望我们能克服愤怒、恐惧、仇恨、批评和竞争的毒害。）以及第五段最后一句“If only I could spread love and encouragement as freely and fully as this flower spreads seeds of itself.”（要是我能像这朵花播撒自己的种子那样自由而充分地传播爱和鼓励就好了。）可知，作者对蒲公英铲除有一定歉意的，但是也能
99、在蒲公英身上学到东西，表达了对蒲公英的赞美。故选D。【59题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Chemicals have managed to kill what human interference couldnt. I hope you and I can be different. I hope that we can stretch our roots deep enough that the strongest poison cant reach our souls.”（化学物质已经成功地消灭了人类干预所不能消灭的东西。我希望你和我可以不一样。我希望我们能把我们的根扎得足够深，让
100、最强烈的毒药无法触及我们的灵魂。）可知，提到蒲公英是被化学药物杀死的，但作者不是想表达对人们用化学药物杀死这些植物的反对想法。再根据第五段最后一句“If only I could spread love and encouragement as freely and fully as this flower spreads seeds of itself.”（要是我能像这朵花播撒自己的种子那样自由而充分地传播爱和鼓励就好了。）可知，作者是表达从蒲公英身上学到的东西。故选A。(B)Grand Canyon National ParkLocated entirely in northern Ari
101、zona, the park covers 277 miles of the Colorado River and adjacent uplands. One of the most spectacular examples of erosion anywhere in the world, Grand Canyon is unmatched in the incomparable vistas it offers to visitors on the rim. Grand Canyon National Park is a World Heritage Site.Park Openings
102、and ClosingsThe Village and Desert View on the South Rim are open all year and park entrances remain open 24 hours a day. North Rim facilities open mid-May and close mid-October. Park entrances remain open 24 hours a day during this time. Hours for visitor centers and businesses vary throughout the
103、year.Park InformationThe park produces a Pocket Map with a North Rim and South Rim edition that contains a map and information about services, facilities, and park ranger programs. It is available in French, German, Japanese, Italian, Spanish, Korean, and Chinese. A hiking brochure is available for
104、those planning to hike one of the parks main trails down into Grand Canyon. Obtain publications at entrance stations, visitor centers, or at go.nps.gov/136ojl.AccessibilityMany of the facilities at Grand Canyon are historic and built before current accessibility standards were set. The terrain is ru
105、gged with narrow, rocky trails and steep cliffs. Visitors using wheelchairs or having visual impairments may need assistance. For more information about accessibility in Grand Canyon National Park, see go.nps.gov/1rtxl2.Park Entrance FeesFees collected support projects in the park. Admission to the
106、park is $35 per private vehicle; $30 per motorcycle; and $20 per person entering the park via Grand Canyon Railway, park shuttle bus, private rafting trip, walking, or riding a bicycle. The pass can be used for seven days and includes both rims. Pay fees at park entrance stations or at some business
107、es outside the park. Every year the National Park Service offers entrance fee free days. For complete fee information, including Annual, Active Military, Senior, and Access passes, visit go.nps.gov/y5uu6f.SustainabilityGrand Canyon National Park incorporates sustainability into all aspects of its op
108、erations. Use your refillable water bottle to fill up on free Grand Canyon spring water at major trailheads, visitor centers and grocery stores. Please recycle recycling containers are conveniently located and as common as trash bins. Discover what else you can do to protect the environment while tr
109、aveling here and beyond at go.nps.gov/1b2rzt.60. People with physical disabilities can find detailed information on park facilities designed for them by visiting _.A. go.nps.gov/y5uu6fB. go.nps.gov/1rtxl2C. go.nps.gov/136ojlD. go.nps.gov/1b2rzt61 What is the admission fee if you and your parents pla
110、n to go on a ten-day vacation to Grand Canyon National Park by driving a car?A. $35.B. $60.C. $70.D. $120.62. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Visitors have year-round access to every corner of the national park.B. Hikers who can only speak Chinese cannot explore
111、 the North Rim without an interpreter.C. The Grand Canyon features is one of the worlds most visually breathtaking landscapes.D. Visitors are forbidden to leave any trash in the National Park to maintain sustainability.【答案】60. B 61. C 62. C【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了大峡谷国家公园的一些情况，包括开放时间、公园信息、设施和门票费用等信息。【60题详
112、解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“For more information about accessibility in Grand Canyon National Park, see go.nps.gov/1rtxl2.(更多关于大峡谷国家公园的无障碍设施信息，请参见go.nps.gov/1rtxl2)”可知，残障人士可登入go.nps.gov/1rtxl2查询有关公园设施的详细资料。故选B。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Admission to the park is $35 per private vehicle(公园门票为每辆私家车35美元)”；“The pass can b
113、e used for seven days(通行证可以使用7天)”以及“Every year the National Park Service offers entrance fee free days.(每年，国家公园管理局都提供免门票日)”可知，如果你和你的父母打算开车去大峡谷国家公园度假十天，门票是35+35=70美元。故选C。【62题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“One of the most spectacular examples of erosion anywhere in the world, Grand Canyon is unmatched in the incompa
114、rable vistas it offers to visitors on the rim. Grand Canyon National Park is a World Heritage Site.(作为世界上最壮观的侵蚀例子之一，大峡谷为游客提供了无与伦比的美景。大峡谷国家公园是世界遗产)”可知，C选项“大峡谷是世界上最令人叹为观止的风景之一”正确。故选C。(C)The two-hour show on March 25, 2019 put on by Tim Cook may be remembered as a milestone for the company and the ente
115、rtainment industry. Mr. Cook did not announce his companys latest device. Instead, he unveiled a set of products and services, including video streaming, news games and even a credit card.Apples 900 million iPhones worldwide grant it access to a massive potential audience. Analysts speculate that Ap
116、ple will eventually offer them something similar to Amazon Prime, where customers pay a fixed monthly fee for some combination of news, games, cloud storage, music and video, and which could possibly connect with the companys iPhone subscriptions.Apple TV+, which got prioritized by Mr. Cook, will of
117、fer original programming in more than 100 countries. The money Apple plans to spend on original shows perhaps $1 billion to $2 billion thus far is dwarfed by that of Netflix, which will spend as much as $15 billion this year on original and licensed content, or Disney, whose own video-streaming is e
118、xpected shortly. But Apples high-profile shows are for now meant chiefly to draw customers to its universe of apps and services. That includes subscription services for games, a long list of big American magazines and a few newspapers. You can pay for it all using your new Apple Card, developed with
119、 bankers at Goldman Sachs. The credit card puts Apple in direct competition with banks: it has no fees and will give users 2% cash back on purchases made via Apple Pay, the companys payments system or 3% on purchases of Apple kit and service.Although Apple continues to earn most of its money from de
120、vices, its business in services is growing quickly, accounting for nearly $40 billion of revenues of $266 billion in 2018. The new subscription offering, which is easier to click and buy than their predecessors, should accelerate that trend. Its new partners hope to be along for the ride. Analysts a
121、t Goldman Sachs estimated that Apple may turn 10% of the 85 million monthly users of its free News app into paying subscribers, wining a cut of newspaper and TV subscriptions sold through its services.Some content providers are cautious. The New York Times and The Washington Post have rejected Apple
122、s advances on behalf of its news service. Netflix and Disney will not take part in Apple TV+, which they view as more a threat than an opportunity.63. The underlined word dwarfed in paragraph 3 most probably means _.A. made to appear insignificantB. reduced to a great extentC. limited to a fixed sca
123、leD. grown to its full potential64. We can infer from the article that _.A. Apple invested heavily in its entertainment services along with its latest devicesB. Apple Card may be favoured because it offers discounts on purchases of Apple productsC. The popularity of Apple devices may bring forth hug
124、e profit potentials in its new serviceD. Apples new move is seen as an opportunity as well as a threat by its competitors65. What is most likely to be further discussed if the article continues?A. What action Apple might take to attract potential subscribers.B. Who might gain huge benefits from Appl
125、es new service.C. How Goldman Sachs won the support from Mr. Tim Cook.D. Why some companies are alert to Apples strategy changes.66. What is the best title for this article?A. Tech Giant Apple Stages New MovesB. A Great Challenge to the Entertainment IndustryC. The Entertainment Industry Calls for C
126、ooperationD. A New Bottleneck for Tech Giant Apple【答案】63. A 64. C 65. D 66. A【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了苹果公司推出一系列产品和服务，包括在线视频播放、新闻游戏，甚至还有信用卡。分析了这一举措可能带来的影响以及其他公司对此的态度。【63题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The money Apple plans to spend on original shows perhaps $1 billion to $2 billion thus far”以及后文“Netflix, which will spe
127、nd as much as $15 billion this year on original and licensed content”可知，苹果计划花在原创节目上的10亿到20亿美元的花费与Netflix花费150亿美元在原创和授权内容上相比，显得微不足道。画线词意思为“显得微不足道”。故选A。【64题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Apples 900 million iPhones worldwide grant it access to a massive potential audience.(苹果在全球拥有9亿部iphone，这让它能够接触到大量潜在用户)”倒数第二段中“Alth
128、ough Apple continues to earn most of its money from devices, its business in services is growing quickly, accounting for nearly $40 billion of revenues of $266 billion in 2018. The new subscription offering, which is easier to click and buy than their predecessors, should accelerate that trend.(尽管苹果
129、的大部分收入继续来自设备，但其服务业务正在迅速增长，2018年的营收为2660亿美元，其中近400亿美元来自服务。新的订阅服务比之前的订阅服务更容易点击和购买，应该会加速这一趋势)”以及“Analysts at Goldman Sachs estimated that Apple may turn 10% of the 85 million monthly users of its free News app into paying subscribers, wining a cut of newspaper and TV subscriptions sold through its serv
130、ices.(高盛分析师估计，苹果可能会将其免费新闻应用8500万月度用户中的10%转变为付费用户，并从通过其服务出售的报纸和电视订阅中获得分成)”可推知，苹果设备的普及可能为其新服务带来巨大的利润潜力。故选C。【65题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some content providers are cautious. The New York Times and The Washington Post have rejected Apples advances on behalf of its news service. Netflix and Disney will not take p
131、art in Apple TV+, which they view as more a threat than an opportunity.(一些内容提供商则持谨慎态度。纽约时报和华盛顿邮报代表其新闻服务部门拒绝了苹果的要求。Netflix和迪士尼不会参与Apple TV+，他们认为这更多是一种威胁，而非机遇)”可推知，如果这篇文章继续下去，最有可能进一步讨论为什么一些公司对苹果的战略变化持谨慎态度。故选D。【66题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“The two-hour show on March 25, 2019 put on by Tim Cook may be remembered a
132、s a milestone for the company and the entertainment industry. Mr. Cook did not announce his companys latest device. Instead, he unveiled a set of products and services, including video streaming, news games and even a credit card.( 2019年3月25日，Tim Cook主持的这场两小时展示会可能会被铭记为该公司以及娱乐业的里程碑。Cook没有宣布公司的最新产品。相反
133、，他推出了一系列产品和服务，包括在线视频播放、新闻游戏，甚至还有信用卡)”结合文章主要介绍了苹果公司推出一系列产品和服务，包括在线视频播放、新闻游戏，甚至还有信用卡。分析了这一举措可能带来的影响以及其他公司对此的态度。可知，A选项“科技巨头苹果公司推出新举措”符合文章标题。故选A。Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that the
134、re are two more sentences than you need.How to Make a Good Cup of TeaIn his essay, A Nice Cup of Tea, George Orwell laid out 11 basic principles to make a good cup of tea, from warming the pot beforehand to stirring the leaves before pouring. He insisted that “the water should be actually boiling at
135、 the moment of impact, which means that one should keep it on the flame while one pours”._67_ “Some people add that one should only use water that has been freshly brought to the boil, but I have never noticed that it makes any difference,” he went on to state.However, on that point at least, it see
136、ms he was wrong. William Gorman, one of Britains leading tea experts, has now put forward that the water used for making a cup of tea should never be boiled more than once. “Usually when peoples tea goes cold they reboil the kettle and make another cup. _68_ You need freshly drawn water for a good c
137、up because reboiling it takes all the oxygen and nitrogen out of it, ruining its layered flavor.”Besides, Mr. Gorman advocates another practice of making tea, one that Orwell would surely have protested. Mr. Gorman said, “_69_ When you microwave tea, all youre doing is just moving the molecules arou
138、nd and getting it back up to a decent temperature. It is not impacting the flavor at all.”_70_ In some countries teapots are fitted with little dangling baskets under the spout, to catch the stray leaves, which are supposed to be harmful. Actually one can swallow tea-leaves in considerable quantitie
139、s without ill effect, and if the tea is not loose in the pot, it never infuses properly. They agree by doing this, you actually risk losing a good cup of tea.A. Beware of the high temperature of a microwave oven.B. But doing this you will give yourself a dull cup of tea.C. What he didnt insist on wa
140、s that the water should be boiled just once.D. However, they both argue against the use of tea-imprisoning devices.E. He said the milk should be poured into the cup last, not first.F. A better solution is to heat it with microwave for 10s.【答案】67. C 68. B 69. F 70. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了正确的泡茶方式，以及关
141、于泡茶的误区。【67题详解】根据设空处后的话可知，Orwell认为水是否反复煮沸对泡茶没有影响，再根据设空处后一段中的However, on that point at least, it seems he was wrong.及has now put forward that the water used for making a cup of tea should never be boiled more than once可知，设空处后一段介绍了有些人认为泡茶的水不应反复煮沸，However表示转折含义，因此设空处与泡茶的水是否应反复煮沸有关。由此可知，C项“他没有坚持的是水应该只煮一次
142、”，引起下文，故选C项。【68题详解】根据设空处后一句You need freshly drawn water for a good cup because reboiling it takes all the oxygen and nitrogen out of it, ruining its layered flavor.可知，重复煮沸的水会失去其中包含的氧气和氮，泡出的茶会失去其风味，由此可知，B项“但这样做会使你的茶失去风味”，引起下文，符合语境，故选B项。【69题详解】设空处前讲戈德曼先生提倡另一种泡茶的方法，再结合设空处后的When you microwave teak可推知，设空
143、处应介绍提倡的方法，且这种方法与微波炉有关，由此可知，F项“更好的方法是用微波炉加热10秒钟”符合语境，故选F项。【70题详解】本段讲了泡茶工具对茶的风味的影响，再根据if the tea is not loose in the pot, it never infuses properly可知，D项“然而，他们都不同意使用泡茶工具”符合语境，故选D项。【点睛】七选五题型要求学生掌握联系上下文的技能，学生不应拘泥于设空处内容，要联系前后文，进行合理推理，从而得出最佳选项。在本文第一个小题中，仅仅根据空后内容还不能完全确定答案，结合后一段中的However及内容，即可得知答案。IV. Summar
144、y Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Population Change of European BirdsThe breeding bird populations in Europe have seen a great shift over the past three dec
145、ades, driven by both climate crisis and human interferences, according to one of the worlds largest citizen science projects on biodiversity.Overall, 35% of birds increased their breeding range. Dr. Ivn Ramrez, senior head of conservation at BirdLife Europe and central Asia, said: “Those birds that
146、have been legally protected have been doing better than those which are not protected. This is a really important message within the European Union. We have one of the oldest policies the Birds Directive and we can prove that it works.”In addition, as the climate warms, forests are stretching into n
147、orthern and agricultural regions. In parts of northern Europe, there has also been tree planting (mainly for wood and paper) and land abandonment (specifically in Mediterranean areas), which benefited many woodland species such as woodpeckers and warblers but caused damage to a number of other speci
148、es as well. The research shows a total of 25% of birds now occupy a smaller area.Generally, farmland birds are bigger losers, suffering overall declines in population and reduced distribution because agricultural intensification means there is less food, such as insects and remainder from harvesting
149、. The State of Nature in the EU 2013-2018 assessment showed 80% of key habitats were in poor or bad condition, and intensive farming is a major driver of decline. The UKs farmland birds have declined by 55% since 1970.“Predictably, there are winners and losers. We can see how some species have expan
150、ded across the continent rapidly and have begun to colonize UK wetlands. In contrast, we can see ranges shrinking as species of northern Europe feel the impact of climate change, and species such as the dotterel are declining in numbers and range in northern Britain,” he said.【答案】European bird popul
151、ations have changed dramatically due to climate change and human intervention. Over one-third of birds have expanded breeding range, especially those legally protected. Global warming enables forests to expand further, benefiting woodland inhabitants. However, intensive farming and climate change ca
152、used reduced number and range of some bird species, farmland birds in particular.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，由于气候变化和人类的干预，欧洲鸟类的数量发生了巨大的变化。超过三分之一的鸟类扩大了繁殖范围，特别是那些受法律保护的鸟类。全球变暖使森林面积进一步扩大，使森林居民受益。然而，集约化农业和气候变化导致一些鸟类的数量和范围减少，特别是农田鸟类。【详解】1.要点摘录 The breeding bird populations in Europe have seen a great shift ov
153、er the past three decades, driven by both climate crisis and human interferences, Overall, 35% of birds increased their breeding range. Those birds that have been legally protected have been doing better than those which are not protected. In addition, as the climate warms, forests are stretching in
154、to northern and agricultural regions.The State of Nature in the EU 2013-2018 assessment showed 80% of key habitats were in poor or bad condition, and intensive farming is a major driver of decline. The UKs farmland birds have declined by 55% since 1970.2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行重组，将第5个要点进行精简整合。 3.遣词造句 Over
155、one-third of birds have expanded breeding range, especially those legally protected. However, intensive farming and climate change caused reduced number and range of some bird species, farmland birds in particular.【点睛】高分句型1European bird populations have changed dramatically due to climate change and
156、 human intervention.用介词短语due to改写原句driven by，表达非常高级； 高分句型2Global warming enables forests to expand further, benefiting woodland inhabitants.使用现在分词短语作状语，且要点概括精当； 高分句型3However, intensive farming and climate change caused reduced number and range of some bird species, farmland birds in particular.用一个简单
157、句概括了最后一段内容，且用恰当的表转折的副词however连接上下文，使短文连接紧凑条理，逻辑性强。V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 自古以来，中国人便用简单的原材料制作美食。(out of)（汉译英）【答案】The Chinese have made/have been making fine/decent/delicious food out of simple raw ingredients
158、since ancient times.【解析】【详解】考查介词短语和现在完成时态。根据汉语提示，“自古以来”可译为since ancient times，“制作美食”可译为make fine/decent/delicious food， “用简单食材”可译为介词短语out of simple raw ingredients，根据句意尤其是该句中的时间状语“自古以来（since ancient times）”可知，该句应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时态，故该句可译为The Chinese have made/have been making fine/decent/delicious food
159、out of simple raw ingredients since ancient times.73. 交警示意他停车，因为他忽视了单行街道标志。(signal) （汉译英）【答案】The traffic policeman signaled to him to pull over, because he overlooked the single-lane sign.【解析】【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。此处为because引导的原因状语从句，从句中主语为he，表示“忽视”应用overlook，作谓语；表示“单行街道标志”短语为single-lane sign；主句中表示“交警”
160、短语为traffic policeman，作主语；表示“示意某人”短语为signal to sb. to do sth.；表示“停车”短语为pull over；句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故翻译为The traffic policeman signaled to him to pull over, because he overlooked the single-lane sign.74. 令我们高兴的是，这里的食物都按小份供应，光盘行动的标语随处可见。(serve) （汉译英）【答案】To our delight, the food here is served in small
161、 portions/servings and the signs of “clear/empty your plate(s)” can be seen everywhere.To our delight, the food here is served in small portions/servings and the signs “clear/empty your plate(s)” are everywhere.What delights us is that the food here is served in small portions/servings and the signs
162、 of “clear/empty your plate(s)” can be seen everywhere.What delights us is that the food here is served in small portions/servings and the signs “clear/empty your plate(s)” are everywhere.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语和主语从句。根据汉语提示，“令某人高兴的是”可译为to ones delight，“按小份”可译为in small portions，“供应”可译为serve，与“这里的食物（the food h
163、ere）”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，“这里的食物都按小份供应”可译为the food here is served in small portions/servings；“光盘行动的标语”可译为the signs of “clear/empty your plate(s)”，“随处”可译为everywhere，“随处可见”可译为系表结构be everywhere或be seen everywhere，故此，“光盘行动的标语随处可见”可译为the signs “clear/empty your plate(s)” are everywhere或the signs of “clear/emp
164、ty your plate(s)” can be seen everywhere，主句部分可译为两个并列分句，且分句之间为并列关系，可用and连接，故可译为To our delight, the food here is served in small portions/servings and the signs of “clear/empty your plate(s)” can be seen everywhere.To our delight, the food here is served in small portions/servings and the signs “clear
165、/empty your plate(s)” are everywhere；又，该句“令我们高兴的是”可使用主语从句和表语从句what delights us is that ，该句亦可译为What delights us is that the food here is served in small portions/servings and the signs of “clear/empty your plate(s)” can be seen everywhere.What delights us is that the food here is served in small port
166、ions/servings and the signs “clear/empty your plate(s)” are everywhere.75. 这部电影制作精良，主题鲜明，剧情真挚动人，被人们奉为永久的经典。(whose) （汉译英）【答案】The carefully-made film, whose theme is distinct and plot is moving, is regarded/praised as an undying classic/a timeless classic/a long-lasting classic.【解析】【详解】考查形容词、名词、短语和定语从
167、句。表示“电影制作精良”应用短语the cafully-made film；表示“主题”应用名词theme，在定语从句中作主语；表示“鲜明”应用形容词distinct，在定语从句中作表语；表示“剧情”应用名词plot，在定语从句中作主语；表示“真挚动人”应用形容词moving，在定语从句中作表语；表示“被奉为”应用短语“be regarded/praised as ”；表示“永久的经典”短语为an undying classic/a timeless classic/a long-lasting classic；The carefully-made film作先行词，为单数名词，关系词用who
168、se引导并在句中充当定语，且谓语动词应用单数形式。故翻译为The carefully-made film, whose theme is distinct and plot is moving, is regarded/praised as an undying classic/a timeless classic/a long-lasting classic.VI. Guided Writing76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given be
169、low in Chinese.李华的家乡是一个有着悠久历史和文化的古镇，但是近年来由于游客激增以及过度开发，古镇的人文环境与自然环境遭到了严重的破坏。目前地方政府正在征集各方建议以更好地保护古镇的自然与人文。假设你是李华，请你给地方政府写一封信，谈谈你对保护家乡古镇的看法。你的信必须包括：1、 简述你对保护古镇所选择的建议。2、说明你的理由。（信中不能提到真实姓名和学校）【答案】Dear local government,Im a student and Ive been proud of my hometown, an ancient town with a long history and
170、 culture. Ive learned that you are seeking for suggestions to better protect nature and humanity of the ancient town, so I would like to make some suggestions.First of all, in order to reduce the impact of tourists on the environment of the ancient town, the number of the visitors should be limited.
171、 Second, we can build up a website where people can look at the pictures of the town without destroying its beauty. Finally, strict regulations on the discharge of pollutants from factories should be made to prevent the environment from being polluted.I hope my advice will be of use. Im looking forw
172、ard to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。请李华给地方政府写一封信，谈谈李华对保护家乡古镇的看法。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量一般将来时和现在完成时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1、简述你对保护古镇所选择的建议。2、说明你的理由。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）be proud of; with a long history and culture; seek for; suggestion; in order to; im
173、pact; environment; the number of; build up; without; regulation; preventfrom; be of some use; look forward to第三步：连词成句1. Im a student and Ive been proud of my hometown, an ancient town with a long history and culture.2. Ive learned that you are seeking for suggestions to better protect the nature and
174、 humanity of the ancient town, so I would like to make some suggestions.3. First of all, in order to reduce the impact of tourists on the environment of the ancient town, the number of the visitors should be limited.4. Second, we can build up a website where people can look at the pictures of the to
175、wn without destroying its beauty.5. Finally, strict regulations on the discharge of pollutants from factories should be made to prevent the environment from being polluted.6. I hope my advice will be of use.7. Im looking forward to your early reply.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺
176、序：First of all, Second, Finally2.表因果关系：So 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1 Ive learned that you are seeking for suggestions to better protect the nature and humanity of the ancient town, so I would like to make some suggestions. (运用了that引导宾语从句)高分句型2 Finally, we can build up a website where people can look at the pictures of the town without destroying its beauty. (运用了where引导定语从句)