1、话题词汇1creative adj.富有创造力的2determination n决心3humorous adj.幽默的4independent adj.独立的5profession n职业6qualification n资格；学历7be honored as 被誉为8be active in 积极从事于9be admitted into a key university 考上重点大学10think highly/well of 对高度评价话题佳作(2016北京)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给
2、 Jim 回信，内容包括：1该人物是谁；2该人物的主要贡献；3该人物对你的影响。佳作欣赏Dear Jim，Its great to hear from you.I feel proud of knowing your interest in Chinese history.As for my favourite figure in Chinese history，it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker in the lateQing Dynasty.He，in his book，Haiguo Tuzhi(Maps and Records of the World
3、)，introduced moderntechnologies and ideas to China.That opened our eyes to the world.In fact，he inspires me tomajor in English in college，to be a bridge between China and the world.Interested in knowing more?I can find you some books!Just let me know.Cheers!Yours，Li Hua名师点睛本文作者用简单地道的语言，准确概括了给出的三个要点提
4、示，用语精炼，要点齐全，结构清晰，逻辑性强。文中作者使用了一些高级词汇和短语：feel proud of，as for，favouritefigure，modern technologies，open，in fact，major in 等；作者注重遣词造句，运用的语法结构较为灵活：动名词短语 knowing your interest，knowing more 作介词宾语；过去分词短语interested in.作状语等。总之，本文作者虽然没有过多的使用复杂句式，但用精练简单的句式有着相同的表达效果，是一篇优秀作文。.写作必记单词1terrify vt.使恐怖，恐吓terrible adj.可
5、怕的；极度的；糟糕的terribly adv.可怕地；(口)非常地；很2assignment n任务；(课外)作业assign vt.分配；指派3recall vt.回忆，回想，记起4disgust vt.使厌恶5energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的6accomplishment n成就，完成accomplish vt.完成；实现7amazing adj.令人惊异的8practical adj.实用的；(切合)实际的，有实用价值的9result vi.导致；起因于；n.结果；成绩，比分10contribution n贡献11acquire vt.学习，习得；获得，得到12supe
6、rior adj.更好的；占优势的；更胜一筹的13compare vt.(to，with)比较；(to)把比作；vi.相比.阅读识记单词14appeal vi.呼吁；上诉15horrify vt.使震惊，使害怕，使毛骨悚然16informative adj.情报的，提供情报的，见闻广博的17explorer n探险家18succeeding adj.后继的，随后的19printing n印刷(术)；印刷业20evaluation n估价，评价21civilized adj.有礼貌的，文雅的22intelligent adj.聪明的，有头脑的23factor n因素24compulsory ad
7、j.必修的；义务的；强制的25optional adj.可以任选的，非强制的option n选择权；可选物26disadvantageous adj.不利的27emphasize vt.强调，着重28context n上下文；背景29immediacy n直接；立刻30refreshing adj.使精力恢复的；使耳目一新的refresh vt.(使)恢复精神；更新；提醒语境活用 用所给词的正确形式填空1Cathy didnt expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise theiraccompl
8、ishments(accomplish)(2016天津)2Weltys new friends immediately(immediate)sent a waiter to find a cab.(2016全国)3This of course created a new problem：dirt practically(practical)buried the first floors of everybuilding in Chicago.(2015湖南)4A third reason is that social intelligence(intelligent)develops in c
9、hildren before their generalcognitive(认知的)skills，at least when compared with chimps.(2016江苏)5I have learned a lot from my motorhead:publishers need printers(print)，engineers needmechanics，and architects need builders.(2016天津)6And by doing so，I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing(amaz
10、e)adventure ofmy life.(2016浙江)7Visitors wishing to leave the Castle for refreshments(refresh)in the town may obtain re-entrypermits from the castle shops.8English is compulsory for all students，but art and music are optional(option)9Dr.Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his y
11、oung mind to handle theterrifying(terrify)and painful life he led.10The solution is equally simple：refuse to accept so many work assignments(assign)in yourprivate life or your working life.1take on 呈现，承担2in agreement with.同意，赞成3in terms of 根据，按照，在方面4turn in 交还，上交5set aside 留出6turn out 结果是，证明是7apart
12、from 除以外(还)8so far 迄今为止，到目前为止9serve as 担任，充当；起作用10long before 在很久以前11be compared to.与相比；把比作12a range of 各种各样的；一系列13provide.with 为某人提供14cope with 应付；处理15be exposed to 使遭受；接触，经历16in particular 尤其；特别是17in general 大体上；通常语境活用 运用上述短语完成片段 Our village was polluted very much 1.long before(很久以前)，but nowadays
13、it has 2.takenon(呈现)a new look.Thanks to Mr.Wang，he has 3.served as(担任)leader of our village for threeyears 4.so far(迄今为止)Since he came into power，he has forbidden cutting trees and at the sametime he 5.set aside(留出)some areas to plant trees.As a result it 6.turns out(证明是)right.1find宾语宾语补足语When I fi
14、nally got home I found my mom sitting on our front steps.当我最后到家时我发现妈妈正坐在我们家的前台阶上。仿写 就在第二天早上，我发现妈妈身体不舒服。Just the next morning，I found my mother not feeling well.2as well asMy web told me that since he was a British he must have been inhumane，as well as strongly inagreement with taxes and tyranny.我的历史
15、网告诉我，因为他是英国人，所以他一定是不仁的，而且坚决拥护征税和实行暴政。仿写 我从来都没有停止对阅读的喜爱，因为书在我的生活中既像有智慧的老师又像好朋友。I can never stop the love for reading because books are like wise teachers as well as good friends inmy life.3not.but.The image of Zheng He was not of a powerful nation who sought to colonize the land of thosenatives but a
16、 promise of protection and message of peace from the strongest nation in the world.郑和的形象不是代表着一个强大的国家要对那些当地居民进行殖民化而是一个来自世界上最强大国家的保护者和和平使者。仿写 事实上，重要的不是礼物本身而是我们的情感。(2014重庆)In fact，it is not the present itself but our affection that matters.4must have doneYou can imagine how hard it must have been to ca
17、rve characters on wood and bamboo strips.你可以想象在这些木条或竹条上刻字有多么的困难仿写 我无意的话肯定深深地伤害了他。My mindless words must have hurt him deeply.terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓(1)Her husbands violence terrified her.她丈夫的暴力行为让她感到害怕。(朗文词典)(2)They terrified him into handing over the keys.他们把他吓得交出了钥匙。(3)He was terrified of heights.他恐高。(1
18、)terrify sb.into doing.吓唬某人做(2)terrified adj.非常害怕的；极度恐慌的be terrified of 害怕；吓唬be terrified at/with 对感到恐惧(3)terrifying adj.可怕的单句语法填空(1)She was terrified(terrify)at the thought of being alone.(2)I still find it terrifying(terrify)to find myself surrounded by large numbers of horses.(3)The gunmans threa
19、ts terrified her into handing over her money.(4)The children were terrified(terrify)at his sudden appearance and cried.recall vt.回忆，回想，记起；召回，收回；取消，撤销(1)I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at theschool party.我仍然能回忆起在学校晚会上被邀请去和最有魅力的男生去跳舞的那种激动劲儿。(2)T
20、he general was recalled from the frontline.将军从前线被召回。(3)John recalled attending school with Mary.约翰回想起同玛丽一起上学的情景。recall.from 把从叫回recall to life 使某人苏醒recall doing sth.记起做过某事单句语法填空(1)The dead can not be recalled to life.(2)Its time to recall(recall)those beautiful/wonderful days we spent together.(3)I
21、recalled playing(play)football with him.disgust vt.使厌恶n厌恶，反感(1)He disgusted many with his boorish behaviour.他的粗野行为让很多人都讨厌他。(柯林斯高阶)(2)I am disgusted to hear the news.听到这个消息，我感到很厌恶。(3)Everybody except Joe looked at me with disgust.除了乔以外，大家都反感地看着我。(1)with disgust 反感地，厌恶地to ones disgust 令某人厌恶的是(2)disgus
22、ted adj.厌恶的，憎恶的be disgusted to do.厌恶做be disgusted at/by/with.讨厌/唾弃；对作呕(3)disgusting adj.令人厌恶的，令人气愤的基础知识训练用 disgust 的正确形式填空(1)Im disgusted with what she said.(2)The level of violence in the film really disgusted me.(3)Much to their disgust，they were treated unfairly there.(4)The kitchen was in a disg
23、usting state when she left.写作能力提升一句多译(5)使她反感的是，她在那出戏里分到一个次要角色。To her disgust，she was given a minor part in the play.She was disgusted that she was given a minor part in the play.She was disgusted at being given a minor part in the play.amazing adj.令人惊异的(1)We invite you to join us on an amazing journ
24、ey of language learning.我们邀请你们加入到我们当中一起参加语言学习这一令人惊讶的旅程。(2016天津)(2)Youd be amazed at the difference it makes in your attitude to life.你会对这些给你带来的生活态度上的不同感到惊讶。(1)amazed adj.吃惊的，惊奇的be amazed at/by 对感到惊讶be amazed to do.做很惊讶(2)amazement n惊奇，惊讶in amazement 惊讶地to ones amazement 使某人惊讶的是名师点拨在 It is/was amazin
25、g that.中，that 从句中有时用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用(should)do。基础知识训练用 amaze 的正确形式填空(1)Isnt it amazing how the human body heals itself after an injury?(2)The world watched London in amazement.(3)I was amazed to learn she was still writing her stories.写作能力提升一句多译(4)使我惊奇的是，他把这首诗从头至尾背诵了出来。To my amazement，he was able to reci
26、te the whole poem from memory.(amazement)It amazed me that he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.(it 作形式主语)compare vt.(to，with)比较；(to)把比作vi.相比(1)But more than that，I now regularly compare my views with those of many others.不止如此，我现在经常把我的观点和其他人的观点进行比较。(2016江苏)(2)Ive had some difficulties，bu
27、t they were nothing compared to yours.我遇到了一些困难，但与你的困难比起来就算不了什么了。(3)In comparison with other students，Mike is more diligent.和其他学生相比，麦克更加勤勉一些。(1)compare.with/to.把和比较compare.to.把比作compared to/with 和比起来without/beyond compare 无与伦比；举世无双(2)comparison n比较in comparison with 和相比较基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)Compared(compar
28、e)with many people，she was indeed very fortunate.(2)The height of the empire building is without/beyond compare.(3)There is no comparison(compare)between the two.(4)Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.写作能力提升句式升级(5)If you compare Columbia with Charleston，you will find the former is a young city
29、.Compared with Charleston，Columbia is a young city.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)Comparing Columbia with Charleston，you will find the former is a young city.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)apart/aside from 除之外；此外(1)Apart from an occasional noise from the elephants stomach，the forest was silent.除了偶尔来自大象胃里的噪音外，森林里寂静无声。(2014重庆)(2)The r
30、oom was empty except for a broken wood chair.屋子里除了一张破木椅什么都没有。表示“除之外”的短语还有：(1)besidesin addition to 除之外(还，也)，常与 also，more，other 等连用。(2)except 除外(都)，常与 all，every，no，none，nothing 等含有整体、肯定或否定意义的词连用。(3)except for 除以外，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。名师点拨apart/aside from 作“除之外”，既等于 but，except，也可和 besi
31、des 互换。基础知识训练用 besides，except，except for，apart from 填空(1)All the students took part in the sports meeting except/apart from Tom.(2)We need three more chairs besides/apart from these two.(3)Apart from/Except for the ending，its a really good film.写作能力提升同义句改写(4)No one apart from her husband knew about
32、her job.No one but/except her husband knew about her job.(5)Apart from French，he also has to study Japanese.In addition to/Besides French，he also has to study Japanese.mean to.打算，意指(1)When I arrived at the restaurant，I apologized and told Eleanor I didnt mean to be late.当我到达餐馆的时候，我道歉并告诉 Eleanor 我并没打
33、算迟到。(2014辽宁)(2)Missing the train means waiting for an hour.没赶上这趟火车意味着要等上一个小时。(3)This restaurant is meant to be excellent.都说这家饭店很棒。mean doing.意味着；意思是meant to have done.had meant to do.本打算做mean sb.for/to be.想要某人成为；想要某人be meant for 为而准备的be meant to be.注定成为；被普遍认为是单句语法填空(1)Did you mean to leave(leave)you
34、r dog here?(2)To increase government spending means creating(create)more job opportunities.(3)She meant her son to be(be)a poet.(4)I meant to have told(tell)you about it，but I forgot to do so.(5)We bought some new books meant for children.energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的用 energetic 的正确形式填空(1)She had starte
35、d to devote her energies to teaching rather than performing.(2)The more he worked，the more energetic he became.(3)He is getting on in years，but he still works as energeticallyas a young man.explore vt.勘探，勘查；仔细查阅，探究单句语法填空(1)As an explorer，he likes exploring the world unknown to people，and the explora
36、tion alwaysbrings him happiness and excitement.(explore)(2)They decided to make a full exploration of/into the accident.(3)The exploring(explore)party will set out after one week.名师点拨表示“对的探索”时，exploration 后跟介词 of/into。turn in 交还，上交短语填空turn in，turn up，turn to，turn away，turn down，turn out(1)Crowds of
37、people were turned away for lack of room.(2)I waited for him for a long time until he turned up.(3)What he had said turned out false.(4)Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble.(5)You look upset.Whats the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.(6)You must turn in your pass when
38、 you leave the building.be exposed to 使遭受；接触；经历基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)The newspaper exposed his secret to the public.(2)It is good to be exposed(expose)to different cultures.写作能力提升句式升级(3)Being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(用 if 省略句改写)If exposed to the sunlight for too lo
39、ng，you will get your skin harmed.(4)He was exposed to the rain and wind last night and he was ill.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写)Exposed to the rain and wind last night，he was ill.名师点拨be exposed to 中 to 为介词，除了作“暴露于”解外，还有“接触；经历”等意。You can imagine how hard it must have been to carve characters on wood and bamboo str
40、ips.你可以想象在这些木条或竹条上刻字有多么的困难句型：must have done(1)Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task，but she made it look effortless.管理一个家庭的预算开支一定是一件非常艰难的工作，但是她把这事处理得看上去很容易。(2016浙江)(2)I stayed at a hotel while in New York.Oh，did you？You could have stayed with Barbara.在纽约时我住在一家旅馆里。噢，是吗？你本来能够和巴巴拉住
41、在一起的。(3)There is no light in the room，can they have gone out?屋里没亮灯，他们有可能出去了吗？(1)must have done 表示推测(用于肯定句)，意为“一定/准是已经”。(2)can/could have done 用于否定句或疑问句中，表示对过去发生事情的推测，意为“可能已经”。(3)could have done 用在肯定句中，意为“本能够做(而实际未做)”。(4)may/might have done 表推测(多用于肯定句或否定句中)，意为“可能”。(5)might have done 本可以做，本该做(实际未做)。(6
42、)should/ought to have done 本该做(而实际未做)。(7)neednt have done 本没必要做(实际做了)。基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)I should have helped Peter with his work，but I had a lot of things to do myself.(2)In his teens，Charles Dickens lived a poor life，which must have contributed to his later writing.(3)What has happened to George?I don
43、t know.He may have got lost.(4)We could have faced the difficulty together，but why didnt you tell me?(5)I sent him a most interesting story book by mail this morning.You need not have done so；hes coming tomorrow morning.写作能力提升完成句子(6)去年夏天我在伦敦呆了两周。那么在此期间你一定参观过大英博物馆了，是吗？I spent two weeks in London last
44、 summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，didnt you?.教材与语法填空Unit 3History used to be boring for me.True facts 1.are hidden(hide)by the mess found in thetangled web.The opinions 2.that/which I found drew me away from it.But two things completelychanged my view 3.of histor
45、y.The first was September 11.The second was my first research paper.4When I heard about September 11，I reeled back in shock and disbelief.A fact had just flownout of my web and slapped me in 5.the face.It gave me a chance to see the 6.historic(history)events through my own eyes.7.Later(late)in the y
46、ear I took on a project that would change a largeportion of my web forever.The topic of my research paper 8.was(be)Charles Cornwallis.When Ibegan to research about him，I found my web 9.had lied(lie)to me.This paper forced me torecognize that life is not a fairy tale.As I turned in my report，I could
47、almost see my web start toslowly untangle 10.itself(it)Unit 4People of the Shang Dynasty used animal bones and tortoise shells to keep records.They are 1.the earliest historical documents and let us know about Chinese 2.civilization(civilize)in thatremote period.During the Zhou Dynasty，characters 3.
48、were(be)cast on bronze objects.Metalmaterial was rare and 4.costly(cost)at that time.Besides，writing on such“paper”was a verycomplicated process.Then，around 600 BC.，people began 5.to use(use)wooden and bamboostrips.They carved words on the strips and strung them together with strings to form books.O
49、fcourse，the books were very heavy.Soon people began to write 6.on silk.But silk was too expensive.In the Eastern Han Dynasty students and scholars were in urgent need of something7.cheaper(cheap)and more convenient on 8.which to write.Cai Lun was 9.determined(determine)to develop a new and better wr
50、iting material.He succeeded.He reported his accomplishment to theemperor and his method was soon 10.introduced(introduce)to all parts of the country.教材与短文改错Unit 3In the East Asian reading room at the Library of Congress，one can view a 21-foot-long map，a series of coastline and Chinese place names dr
51、awn in the black ink on thin，almost transparentpaper.This is a copy of the actually map used by Zheng He.He led seven voyages between 1405 and1433 into Southeast Asia，India，Persia，Arabia and Africa，made the peak of historical Chineseocean exploration，some 80 years after Columbus voyages.Back in 1405
52、，while the rest of the world still believed that sail past Cape Bojador would meanburning in boiling seas，Zheng He sailed far and widely throughout the Indian Ocean.His specialtask was to reach as farther as possible and spread the influence of the powerful kingdom，China，all those countries he visit
53、ed.Under the help of the compass，he visits over 37 countries.答案In the East Asian reading room at the Library of Congress，one can view a 21-foot-long map，a series of coastlinecoastlines and Chinese place names drawn in theblack ink on thin，almost transparentpaper.This is a copy of the actuallyactualm
54、ap used by Zheng He.He led seven voyages between 1405and 1433 into Southeast Asia，India，Persia，Arabia and Africa，mademaking the peak of historicalChinese ocean exploration，some 80 yearsafterbefore Columbus voyages.Back in 1405，while the rest of the world still believed thatsailsailing past Cape Boja
55、dor wouldmean burning in boiling seas，Zheng He sailed far and widelywidethroughout the Indian Ocean.Hisspecial task was to reach as fartherfaras possible and spread the influence of the powerful kingdom，China，toall those countries he visited.UnderWith the help of the compass，he visited over 37 count
56、ries.Unit 4The origin of language is unclear.No doubt it begun very gradually.Animals have few criesthat serve as signals，but even the highest apes have not been able to pronounce words before someprofessional instruction.The most superior brain of man is apparently necessary for the mastering ofspe
57、ech.When men became intelligent enough，we must suppose that he gradually increased thenumber of cries for different purpose.It was a great day which he discovered that speech could beused for narrative.There are those who think that on this respect picture language developed beforeoral language.A ma
58、n could draw a picture on the wall of his cave to showing in which direction hehad gone，and what animals he hoped to catch.Probably picture language and oral languagedeveloped side by side.I am inclined to think that language had been the most important singlefactor in the development of man.答案The o
59、rigin of language is unclear.No doubt it begunbegan very gradually.Animals havea few criesthat serve as signals，but even the highest apes have not been able to pronounce words beforeaftersome professional instruction.The mostsuperior brain of man is apparently necessary for themastering of speech.Wh
60、en menmanbecame intelligent enough，we must suppose that he graduallyincreased the number of cries for different purpose.It was a great day whichwhen he discovered thatspeech could be used for narrative.There are those who think that onin this respect picture languagedeveloped before oral language.A
61、man could draw a picture on the wall of his cave to showingshowinwhich direction he had gone，andorwhat animals he hoped to catch.Probably picture language andoral language developed side by side.I am inclined to think that language hadhas been the mostimportant single factor in the development of ma
62、n.教材与话题微写作写作素材(关于历史文明)1中国的四大发明是由聪明的中国人发明的；2它们在很久以前就被传播到了世界各地；3这些发明令外国人惊奇；4对世界文明的发展做出了巨大贡献。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用现在分词短语作伴随状语。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇 50 词左右的英语短文)The Chinese Four Great Inventions were invented by the intelligent Chinese.Long before，they were spread to all parts of the world，amazing the foreigne
63、rs.And they have made greatcontributions to the development of worlds civilization.单句语法填空1Their wings can bridge the gap between lines，resulting(result)in electrocution(电死)if theytouch two lines at once.(2016北京)2Human beings，I believe must try to succeed.Success(succeed)，then，means never feelingtire
64、d.(2016天津)3Under Vaillant，the researchers compared the mens mental-health scores with theirboyhood-activity scores.(2016天津)4Besides，businesses seek toappeal(appeal)to customers senses.(2015重庆)5One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormonesbetween men and w
65、omen.(2016四川)6Bowls of rice do not float in mid-air,but require support to remain stable.(2016浙江)7Boldnessa willingness to extend yourself to the extremeis not one that can beacquired(acquire)overnight.(2015天津)8George cant have gone(not，go)too far.His coffee is still warm.(2016浙江)9Roberts contributi
66、on(contribute)should also be remembered.10He equals me in strength but not in intelligence(intelligent).阅读理解A(2017贵州铜仁一中月考)Some people think that they will get ill if they use their brains(大脑)too much.It is nottrue.Through many studies，scientists show us that the more you use your brains，the better
67、it willbe，and the cleverer you will become.Of course，if you want to keep your mind clear and active，you must take a proper rest andstudy properly.To the teenagers，using their brains in the morning is good for their health.There are many ways to rest.One is a peaceful rest.Sleep is a peaceful rest.An
68、other is an activerest.For example，take a walk outdoors，do more exercise every day.To change the way of thebrains activities is also a good way to rest.In everyday life，to eat some eggs，meat，fresh vegetables and fruit is also good for the brains.Wish you a wise man and a happy life.语篇解读 本文介绍了怎样让大脑保持
69、情绪积极的状态。11According to the writer of the passage，our brains should be used.AhardlyBmore oftenCseldomDat times答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Through many studies，scientists show us that the moreyou use your brains，the better it will be，and the cleverer you will become.”可知我们的大脑应该用得更频繁。故选 B。12Which of the follo
70、wing statements is NOT true?ASleep is a kind of a good rest.BThere are different activities for a good rest.CGoing out for a rest is an active rest.DDoing morning exercise is a peaceful rest.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第四、五句“Another is an active rest.For example，take a walkoutdoors，do morning exercise every d
71、ay.”可知做早操是积极的锻炼。故选 D。13Which of the following is TRUE?AThe brains will be better if they are used often.BFruits are the most important for the brains.CIllness comes from the fact that the brains are used too much.DSleep is the only way of having a rest.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“Through many studies，scie
72、ntists show us that the moreyou use your brains，the better it will be，and the cleverer you will become.”可知经常使用大脑会更聪明。故选 A。14Which of the following can be used as the best title for the passage?AHow to RestBHow to Use Your BrainsCHow to Become a Wise ManDKeep Your Mind Clear答案 B解析 标题归纳题。文章主要谈论的是怎么使用大
73、脑。故选 B。B(2017甘肃甘谷一中月考)Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can putour water supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You maywonder how paving(铺砌)a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water weuse
74、 every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes fromunderground.The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground tobecome groundwater.Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺)Drier climates are of coursemore likely
75、to have droughts(干旱)than areas with more rainfall，but in any case，goodmanagement can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too.In the UnitedStates，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day!This s
76、hows how much we depend on waterto live，but theres a lot we can do to lower the number.You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with，use the same glass for yourdrinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher(洗碗机)only when it isfull.Help your parents fix any leaks in
77、your home.You can even help to keep our water supply cleanby recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文，内容主要论及人类淡水资源的问题。文章先是分类说明人类活动将会对淡水资源的短缺与否造成影响，进而通过实例介绍在日常生活中我们应当如何节约使用淡水。15Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?AUsing river water.BPaving parking
78、lots.CThrowing batteries away.DThrowing rubbish into lakes.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The more roads and parking lots we pave，the lesswater can flow into the ground to become groundwater.”可知，我们铺设的道路和停车场越多，可流入地面成为地下水的水就越少。所以选 B。16What can be inferred from the text?AIt takes a lot of effort to meet our wa
79、ter needs.BAll water shortages are due to human behavior.CThere is much we can do to reduce family size.DThe average family in America makes proper use of water.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“.good management can help to make sure there isenough water to meet our basic needs.”可知我们需要合理掌控水资源，故可推断，为满足我们的用水需求我们
80、需要做出大量的努力，所以选 A。17The last paragraph is intended to.Ashow us how to fix leaks at homeBtell us how to run a dishwasherCsuggest what we do to save water at homeDprove what drinking glass is best for us答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据本段首句“You can take steps to save water in your home.”及下文中对几个建议的具体描述可知，这一段是建议我们在家里怎么做以节约
81、用水，所以选 C。18The text is mainly about.Awhy paving roads reduces our waterBhow human activity affects our water supplyCwhy droughts occur more in dry climatesDhow much we depend on water to live答案 B解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了人类活动对淡水资源的影响以及人们应如何节约使用淡水，故文章的重点和 affect our water supply 有关。所以选 B。.语法填空(2017河南部分重
82、点中学联考)A boy trembled in the cold winter,19.(wrap)his arms around himself on a bus stopbench.He 20.(wear)warm clothes and the temperature was 10C.A heartbreakingscene！But the good deeds of the ordinary people who witnessed 21.11-year-oldJohannes were both joyous 22.inspiring.A woman，sitting next to t
83、he boy，discovered hewas 23.a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop.She 24.(self)covered her own coat around his shoulders.Later,25.woman at first gave him herscarf，and then wrapped him in her large jacket.Throughout the day，more and more people offeredJohannes their gloves and
84、 even the coats off their backs.26.(actual)，it was a hiddencamera experiment by Norwegian charity SOS Childrens Village as part of their winter campaignto collect 27.(donate)to help Syrian children get through the winter.Synne Ronning，theinformation head of the organization，also noted that the child
85、 was a volunteer who was never inany 28.(danger)situation during the filming.19答案 wrapping解析 此处 wrap 和本句主语 a boy 是主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。应填 wrapping。20答案 wasnt wearing解析 根据前一句可知此处指的是他没有穿着暖和的衣服，并且气温是零下 10。本句描述的是过去某时正在进行中的动作，故用过去进行时。应填 wasnt wearing。21答案 the解析 根据前两句描述，可知此处特指的是这个 11 岁的小男孩，应用定冠词。故填 the。22答案 a
86、nd解析 根据前半句可知此处指的是，看到这一幕的人们做的好事让人又高兴又振奋。both.and.两者都，即又。23答案 on解析 根据下文“a school trip”可知此处指的是去上学的路上。on a trip 在旅途中。24答案 selflessly解析 根据后半句，可知这个女人无私地把自己的外套盖在了这个小男孩的双肩上。此处用副词作状语，selflessly 无私地。25答案 another解析 根据前一句可知此处指的是另一个女人。another 多个中的另一个。26答案 Actually解析 根据后半句，可知实际上这只是一个隐藏的摄像头实验。actually 实际地，实际上。27答案
87、 donations解析 根据后半句可知此处指的是收集赠品来帮助叙利亚的孩子们度过冬天。根据前文collect 可知此处用名词作宾语，应填 donations 捐赠，善款。28答案 dangerous解析 此处用形容词修饰名词 situation，故填 dangerous。.短文改错(2017重庆十一中月考)Stress is a state of being upset that happen when we are under pressure.We students have allexperienced stress over problems in our daily life，te
88、st results，or too many homework.Since stresscan make us sick，we have to learn what to deal with it.When you are stressful，dont forget yourhobbies.If you are fond music，just turn on the radio.Generally，people think TV may interfere withtheir childrens studies.However，if you worry about that your Engl
89、ish and dont know what todo，you can get help from English TV programs.It is also help to share your worries to yourfriends.They will surely give you some advices and help you out of trouble.As long as we treatstress proper，we can relax ourselves and keep away from its bad effects.答案 Stress is a stat
90、e of being upset that happenhappens when we are under pressure.We students have allexperienced stress over problems in our daily life，test results，or too manymuch homework.Since stresscan make us sick，we have to learn whathow to deal with it.When you are stressfulstressed，dont forgetyour hobbies.If
91、you are fond of music，just turn on the radio.Generally，people think TV mayinterfere with their childrens studies.However，if you worry about that your English and dontknow what to do，you can get help from English TV programs.It is alsohelphelpful to share yourworriestowith your friends.They will sure
92、ly give you some advicesadvice and help you out of trouble.Aslong as we treat stressproperproperly，we can relax ourselves and keep away from its bad effects.29答案 happenhappens解析 a state 是先行词，后面定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，故把 happen 改为 happens。30答案 manymuch解析 homework 是不可数名词，故把 many 改为 much。31答案 whathow解析 固定搭配：wha
93、t to do with sth./how to deal with sth.怎样处理某事，故把 what 改为 how。32答案 stressfulstressed解析 句意为：当你感到有压力的时候。故把 stressful 改为 stressed。33答案 fond 后加 of解析 固定搭配：be fond of 喜爱，故在 fond 后加 of。34答案 去掉 that解析 worry about 后面直接跟宾语，故去掉 that。35答案 helphelpful解析 be 动词后面用形容词作表语，故把 help 改为 helpful。36答案 towith解析 固定搭配：share with sb.与某人分享。故把 to 改为 with。37答案 advicesadvice解析 advice 是不可数名词，故把 advices 改为 advice。38答案 properproperly解析 用副词修饰动词 treat，故把 proper 改为 properly。