1、上海市七宝中学2020-2021学年高二英语上学期期末试题（含解析）I. Listening Comprehension (25分) Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only onc
2、e. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whats the mans feeling ?A. Impatient.B. Confused.C. Sincere.D. Comfortable.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: The train s
3、hould have been here two hours ago. How much longer are we going to wait ?W: Until it comes, Jimmy. We dont have much choice .2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where does this conversation most probably take place?A. In a restaurant.B. In a hotel.C. In a caf.D. In a snack bar.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: What time do you sta
4、rt serving breakfast, please ?W: At seven in the dining-room. But you can get it earlier in your room if you wish.3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the major field of the two speakers?A. American literature.B. Elementary education.C. Childrens literature.D. Art history.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Hi, Helen, what do
5、you think of this class in childrens literature ?W: It is pretty good. I didnt know that you also major in elementary education.4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman imply?A. She will continue her work on vacation.B. Papers piled while she was on vacation.C. She has too much work to do.D. She has
6、 made her vacation plans.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: Im afraid youve been working too hard. You should take a vacation.W: Tell that to the pile of papers on my desk!5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman mean ?A. The man can only make a local call.B. The man cant use her telephone.C. The man can call any pers
7、on in the world.D. The man can be her guest at any time.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Hi, Mag. May I use your telephone?W: Yes. Be my guest as long as its a local call.6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why did Mark refuse to take the job?A. Because the working hours were not suitable.B. Because the job was quite difficult.C.
8、Because he had to do a lot of travelling.D. Because the job was not well paid.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: Do you know that Mark turned down that job offered by a travel agency?M: Yeah, the hours were convenient but he wouldnt have been able to make ends meet.7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man have to do now
9、?A. Finish checking his reference.B. Complete the research.C. Put the material in order.D. Finish typing the paper.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: How are you getting along with your research paper?M: Ive finished all my research, but I havent been able to organize it, so I havent begun the paper yet.8. 【此处可播放相关音频，
10、请去附件查看】What does the man mean?A. Hell ask Steve to go to the beach with them.B. He wants to make sure the weather is clear.C. He doesnt know if they can have a room.D. He isnt sure whether there will be space for Steve.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: Steve asked if he could take a ride with us to the beach.M: Well,
11、 I will see whether or not well have room. Its still not clear.9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What are the speakers family probably going to do?A. Go on a trip.B. Take a long sail.C. Run a restaurant.D. Prepare a meal.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Our children are waiting downstairs. Lets hurry.W: Wait a minute. Well take
12、some food with us. They dont like the meal served on the train.10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How did the woman read the book?A. She only read the contents of the book.B. She didnt omit a single detail.C. She scanned the whole book.D. She read only some chapters of the book.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M: Have you finished
13、reading the book you borrowed from the library ?W: Oh, I didnt read exactly the way you did. I just read some chapters which interested me most.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and
14、 the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11. What
15、do we know about the U.S. according to the 2016 survey? A. The U.S. is not one of the happiest countries in the world.B. The U. S experienced a decline in happiness only from 2005 to 2007.C. The U. S. is not included in the top 10 happiest countries.D. The U. S. is among the 47 countries experiencin
16、g a decline in happiness.12. Which country has the largest drop in happiness?A. Greece.B. Burundi.C. Denmark.D. Australia.13. Which of the following is the least important factor driving happiness?A. Quality education.B. Safety from crime.C. Good health.D. Wealth.【答案】11. C 12. A 13. D【解析】【原文】The Uni
17、ted States has experienced a decline in happiness during the past ten years although it remains among the worlds happiest countries. That finding comes from the Sustainable Development Solutions Network survey on March 26, 2016. The World Happiness Report found that Americans showed “significant dec
18、reases” in happiness from 2005-2007 and again from 2013-2015. The U.S. ranked as the 13th happiest country in the 2016 survey. The report showed that 45 nations showed a decline in happiness during the past 10 years. Burundi was at the lowest spot in the rankings of more than 150 nations. The happie
19、st country in the world was Denmark, according to the report. The top 10 countries also included Switzerland, Iceland, Norway, Finland, Canada, Netherlands, New Zealand, Australia and Sweden. Greece had the largest drop in the survey. Researchers blamed the drop on the debt crisis in the country. In
20、 2014, the Pew Research Center carried out a life satisfaction survey. In that survey, a top conclusion was that richer countries were happier than poor countries. The Pew research said Asians and Africans are the most optimistic people about their futures. Money was a big factordriving happiness, b
21、ut it was not the most important according to the Pew organization. The majority of those asked thought good health, quality education for their children and safety from crime were more important than wealth.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14. What was the weather like in the north of China the day
22、 before yesterday?A. Snowy.B. Cloudy.C. Smoggy.D. Rainy.15. What was yesterdays weather warning level in the north of China?A. Red.B. Orange.C. Yellow.D. Blue.16. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Snow and rain have already brought an end to the heavy smog.B. Beijing has gon
23、e through two red alerts for smog.C. Beijings PM2.5 levels became worse in 2015.D. Winter months are the most polluted because of the increased use of cars.【答案】14. C 15. C 16. B【解析】【原文】Snow and rain forecast for Monday morning is expected to bring to an end to the heavy smog that has blanketed much
24、of the north for the past two days. Many cities in China were all hit by smog on Sunday, according to the National Meteorological Center, leaving much of the north of China under a yellow alert for pollution for the second day in a row. The mainland has a four-level, color-coded, weather warning sys
25、tem. Red represents the most severe weather, followed by orange, yellow and blue. Beijing has twice issued a red alert when air quality reached dangerous levels, ordering schools to postpone classes and carrying out traffic restrictions. Many local residents have complained of inconveniences caused
26、by the restrictions, and are growing more impatient with authorities failure to improve the air quality. Official data showed Beijings PM2.5 levels had improved from January 2015 to October 2015, compared to the same period in 2014, but pollution had bounced back significantly in November and Decemb
27、er. Winter months are usually the most polluted in northern China, due to the increased use of central heating in downtown areas and the burning coal.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17. Where will the couple get married?A. In the womans hometown.B. In the mans hometown.C. Outside their hometown.D
28、. In a small town.18. How will the man probably choose his best man?A. Choose whichever friend can give the best toast.B. Choose whichever friend can plan the reception.C. Choose whichever friend knows all their in-laws.D. Choose whichever friend can plan the rehearsal dinner.19. Who is supposed to
29、plan the rehearsal dinner?A. The brides family.B. A wedding planner.C. The grooms family.D. The new couple.20. Why doesnt the woman want to get a wedding planner?A. She doesnt think it is a tradition.B. She thinks it will cost too much to have a wedding planner.C. She thinks her mother-in-law can pl
30、an the wedding well.D. She doesnt want a stranger to plan their wedding.【答案】17. A 18. A 19. C 20. D【解析】【原文】W: Gosh, John, I just love being back in my hometown. Its the perfect place to get married.M: Yeah, I guess its pretty good. I cant wait for the wedding. Its going to be a great party!W: A part
31、y ? John, this wedding is supposed to be a romantic event for you and me. M: Yeah, thats fine. But Im also definitely going to party with the groomsmen at the wedding reception! W: Thats right. We have to plan the reception too. How many people do you think will come ? M: I dont knowbut we have a pr
32、etty big wedding party, and I have a really big family. W: Thats true! I dont think I will be able to remember the names of all my in-laws M: Dont worry. I often forget some of their names too !W: Say, John, do you know who your best man is going to be ? M: No, I havent decided yet. Ill probably cho
33、ose whichever friend can give the best toast. What about your maid of honor ? W: I havent had time to decide because Ive been so busy thinking about all the other planning. We havent even talked about the rehearsal dinner yet!M: Dont worry. The grooms family is supposed to plan the rehearsal dinner.
34、 Its the tradition. Lets just get a wedding planner to do all the work for us. W: A wedding planner? No way! I dont want a stranger to plan our wedding. M: Well, if you dont want to get a wedding planner, my mother said she would be happy to help you plan the wedding.II. Grammar and VocabularySectio
35、n AGrammar (1*20=20) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Dir
36、ections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Deep diving explorationWhile
37、most photographers put their cameras away when the nights dark curtain falls, Zhang Fan gathers his equipment and starts his blackwater diving adventure.Blackwater diving involves photographing small, free-floating (自由浮动的) ocean creatures that move up to the oceans surface (表面)after dark or in any a
38、rea _21_ there is seemingly no bottom.Still quite new in China, blackwater diving _22_ (date) back to 1984 in Hawaii, US. From small eel larva (幼龄鳗鱼) to big, fierce great white sharks, each of Zhangs underwater photographs has a “wow” factor. But the story behind each photo adds more emotional value
39、 to the work _23_ .“It is like meeting an old neighbor,” the 35-year-old photographer recalled, speaking of the touching moment when he returned to a location after a long time only _24_ (see) the fish he previously photographed still there.While the underwater world _25_ seem fascinating, its not a
40、lways a fairy tale.Zhang said that he encountered many dangerous moments underwater, including _26_ (hit) as a sperm whale (抹香鲸) went by. But what fascinated him most is that he can witness big and small changes in the ocean and _27_these changes can tell him about nature. “Corals (珊瑚) are _28_ the
41、first indicators of climate change. With the rise in temperature, corals have experienced a process called bleaching (漂白), _29_ they lose their color and are dying. It is heartbreaking,” he explained.This risky _30_ charming art has helped Zhang attract loads of fans. His Sina Weibo account has more
42、 than 430,000 follower）. He hopes that his photos and videos can act as a wake-up call to protect our oceans.【答案】21. where 22. dates 23. itself 24. to see 25. may/might 26. being hit 27. what 28. among 29. during/in which 30. but【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了黑水潜水者张帆拍摄海洋生物的初衷和过程。【21题详解】考查定语从句。句意：黑水潜水包括拍摄小的、自由漂浮
43、的海洋生物，它们在天黑后或在任何看起来没有底部的地方移动到海洋表面。此处为定语从句修饰先行词area，先行词在从句中地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。【22题详解】考查动词时态。句意：黑水潜水在中国还是个新鲜事物，它可以追溯到1984年美国夏威夷。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为blackwater diving，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填dates。【23题详解】考查反身代词。句意：但每张照片背后的故事却为作品本身增添了更多的情感价值。结合句意表示“作品本身”可知应用反身代词itself。故填itself。【24题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位35岁的摄影师
44、回忆道：“这就像遇到了一个老邻居。”他说到他在很久之后回到一个地方，却看到他之前拍摄的那条鱼还在那里的感人时刻。此处为“only to do sth.”结构，为不定式作结果状语。故填to see。【25题详解】考查情态动词。句意：虽然海底世界可能看起来很迷人，但它并不总是一个童话。后文seem为动词原形，可知应填情态动词，表示“可能”应用may/might。故填may/might。【26题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：张说，他在水下遇到了很多危险的时刻，包括在一头抹香鲸经过时被击中。空处为动名词作宾语，且hit与he构成被动关系，应用being done形式。故填being hit。【27题详解
45、】考查表语从句。句意：但最令他着迷的是，他能目睹海洋大大小小的变化，以及这些变化能告诉他关于大自然的一些事情。此处为and连接的两个表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事情，应用what。故填what。【28题详解】考查介词。句意：珊瑚是气候变化的首批指示器之一。根据后文“the first indicators”表示“在三者或三者以上中”应用介词among。故填among。【29题详解】考查定语从句。句意：随着温度的升高，珊瑚经历了一个被称为“漂白”的过程，在这个过程中，它们失去颜色，死亡。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词process，指物，根据短语“在过程中”短语为in
46、/during a process，可知应用介词during或in，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物，只能用关系代词which。故填during/in which。【30题详解】考查连词。句意：这种冒险但富有魅力的艺术吸引了大批粉丝。结合前后文语境，可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。(B)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given
47、 word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Space exploration has always been the province of dreamers: The human imagination readily soars _31_ human ingenuity struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as
48、 the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649.Cyrano was dead and buried for _32_ good three centuries before the first manned rockets started to fly.In 1961, when Kennedy declared that America _33_ (send) a man to the moon by the decades end, those words, too, had a dr
49、eamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech _34_, delivered by Martin Luther King two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions _35_ (yield) concrete results and transformed American society. And yet in many ways the two d
50、reams ended up _36_ odds with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims.When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There
51、 was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised-space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no successor. The argument is that funds are tight, and _37_ we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching
52、 toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury_38_ saving one-thousandth of a single years budget would solve our problems.But human ingenuity struggles on NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar
53、system for _39_ explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up attack on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private space-flight _40_ lie within reach of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and i
54、t could go mainstream.【答案】31. where 32. a 33. would send 34. of all 35. had yielded 36. at 37. that 38. as if/as though 39. whatever 40. could/can/may/might【解析】这是一篇说明文。宇宙探索一直是梦想家们的领域，文章主要说明了人们关于探索宇宙梦想的影响以及人类对宇宙探索付出的行动。【31题详解】考查状语从句。句意：宇宙探索一直是梦想家们的领域：人类的想象力十足，人类的创造力紧随其后努力将其变为现实。引导地点状语从句，意为“在的地方”应用whe
55、re。故填where。【32题详解】考查冠词。句意：在第一批载人火箭开始飞行之前，西拉诺已经死去，长眠了整整三个世纪。后文three centuries视为一个整体，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且good是发音以辅音音素开头单词，应用a，a good three centuries整整三个世纪，故填a。【33题详解】考查动词时态。句意：1961年，当肯尼迪宣布美国将在六十年代结束前将人类送上月球时，这句话也带有一种梦幻般的意味。此处主句为一般过去时，从句也应用过去的对应时态，结合后文“by the decades end”可知从句应用过去将来时。故填would send。【34题详解】考查固定短语
56、。句意：他们的乐观主义和雄心壮志在很大程度上与马丁路德金两年后发表的最著名的梦想演讲如出一辙。结合语境表示“中最”短语为“最高级+of all”。故填of all。【35题详解】考查动词时态。句意：到本世纪末，这两种愿景都产生了具体成果，改变了美国社会。根据上文“By the end of the decade”可知，到过去某一时间动作已经完成并且产生影响，应用过去完成时。故填had yielded。【36题详解】考查介词。句意：然而，在许多方面，这两个梦想最终却出现了分歧。结合句意表示“意见不一致；有分歧”短语为at odds with。故填at。【37题详解】考查表语从句。句意：理由是资金
57、紧张，我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。此处为and连接的两个表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that引导，金起连接作用，无实义。故填that。【38题详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：在当前对联邦赤字的担忧中，去探索星球似乎是一种可有可无的奢侈似乎节省一年预算的千分之一就能解决我们的问题。根据后文saving one-thousandth of a single years budget would solve our problems可知，表示与将来事实相反的假设，表从句谓语动词用would+动词原形，示“似乎”应用as if/as though。故填as if/as though。【39题详
58、解】考查宾语从句。句意：他们将扮演现代麦哲伦的角色，为探险者绘制出太阳系的蓝图，无论他们追随的是人还是机器。此处为宾语从句，从句中的follow缺少宾语，表示“无论什么”应用whatever。故填whatever。【40题详解】考查情态动词。句意：几年后，私人太空飞行对富裕家庭可能唾手可得。后文lie为动词原形，可知应填情态动词，表示“可能”应用could/can/may/might。故填could/can/may/might。Section B Vocabulary (1*20=20) (A)Directions: Complete the passage with the words in
59、 the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation i Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnolds stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical w
60、all, pulling on edges barely big enough for _41_.Honnold could not _42_ any slips. Thats because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to _43_him if he fell. After a four-hour _44_ of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely
61、 challenged himself.EI Capitan had been climbed _45_ before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection.
62、 It is the sport at its _46_. In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was _47_ only by relief at his safe return.The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing (竞技攀岩). In 2015, two other American Tommy
63、 Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitans _48_part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was _49_ accepted into the Olympic program for To
64、kyo 2020.These have strengthened climbings position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more _50_to ordinary people. Th
65、e gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings.【答案】41. C 42. D 43. F 44. G 45. H 46. E 47. I 48. J 49. A 50. B【解析】本文为记叙文。本文主要描述了Yosemite优胜美地国家公园里的酋长岩上的黎明墙EI Capitan远远地看着就能让人害怕的岩石，是世界上最难的攀岩路线，一直被认为是无法完成的攀岩路线。2015年，美国人汤米考德威尔（Tommy Caldwell）和凯文乔格森（Kev
66、in Jorgeson）经过多年的尝试，建立了一条通往黎明墙的路线。Alex Honnold在今年的6月，通过自由攀登，第一次登上了近乎垂直的酋长岩上的黎明墙，被同行所称赞，成为体育攀岩里程碑中的最新成就。随着世界各地都出现了攀岩场，攀岩运动变得更加安全，普通人也更容易接触到它了。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：今年6月，Alex Honnold 成功地徒手攀岩近乎垂直的岩石壁，这种岩石壁手能接触的地方只有手指尖大小的地方。分析句子可知，本句是指攀爬的岩石非常难，手几乎没有地方可接触到，即只有手指尖(fingertips)大小的地方可接触，表明这次攀岩很危险。故填C项。【42题详解】考查动词。句
67、意：Honnold不能有任何失误，那是因为他只带了一袋体操运动员用的吸湿粉，以保持手指不会湿。从后文Thats because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. 说明Honnold could not (2)_ any slips，这句话是为什么不能怎么样。由于徒手攀岩，没有任何防护措施，所以对他来说承担不起即不能有任何闪失。“could not afford sth.”意为”无法承担的起.”，故选择D项。【43题详解】考查动词。句意：如果他摔
68、倒了，没有绳子来保护他的安全。to do sth, 可知是动词原形，由于前两句是徒手攀岩，没有任何防护，所以没有绳子来保证他的安全(secure)。故选择F。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：四个小时他展示了他的力气和（计算上的）精密度，他最终安全挑战了他自己。分析句子结构可知，of前一般用名词，即名词+of.，可知此处要填名词，根据语境可知，此处要填display（展示，表现），G项意思符合。故选G。【45题详解】考查形容词。句意：EI Capitan以前也曾无伴攀爬过，包括Honnold，但从来没有以现在这样的方式攀爬过。EI Capitan had been climbed (5) _ be
69、fore, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. 可以看出以前也有人过来独自（solo，意为“独奏，独舞，单人表演”）攀岩，solo即对应的是partnerless（无伴的），故选H。【46题详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一项最纯粹的运动。在美国攀岩运动的发源地约塞米蒂，汉诺德已经达到了顶峰。根据 In climbing, “free” means u
70、sing nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. 可知，这次攀岩运动没有任何保护措施，这正是这项运动最纯粹的(purest)部分。 at its purest，意为“最纯粹的”，符合题意， 故选E。【47题详解】考查分词。句意：欣慰的是他平安归来，配的上同伴们的称赞。根据上文可知，这次攀岩很危险，因此他能攀岩回来，配得上同伴们的称赞，故matched（与.相匹配，配的上.） 符合题意。故选I。【48题详解】考查形容词。句意：2015年，另两名美国人汤米考德威尔(Tommy Caldwell)和凯文乔奇森(
71、Kevin Jorgeson)经过多年的尝试，建立了一条通往EI Capitan最光滑，最光秃的黎明墙(Dawn Wall)的路线。In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitans (8)_part, after years of attempts. 多年的努力尝试，终于登上了EI Capitan 以前未曾有人成功登上的地方，这是黎明墙最光秃秃的部分。 对应 blank意为“空白的，光秃秃的”，根据前面的“pulling
72、 on edges barely big enough for _1_.”可知，几乎没有手可用力的地方。可为为最为光秃的地方，故选J。【49题详解】考查副词。句意：去年，运动攀岩正式被纳入2020年东京奥运会的比赛项目。根据“accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020”可知，在2020 年的奥林匹克运动会上climbing成为一个项目存在，即被正式的(officially)纳入比赛项目，故A项合适。故选A。【50题详解】考查形容词。句意：在过去的十年里，世界各地都出现了攀岩馆，这使得攀岩运动变得更加安全，普通人也更容易接触到它。 “acce
73、ssible to.”为固定搭配，意为“对.是可得到的/可使用的/可接触的” ordinary people. 现在攀岩馆出现在全世界各地，使得此项运动更加的安全和大众化。以前攀岩为一项危险的运动，徒手无防护，只有冒险家才敢尝试。现在对大众来说也可以接触到。故B项合适。故选B项。(B)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. ex
74、changes B. unseen C. building D. initiatives E. jointly F. broadening G. predicted H. popularizing I. mainstream J. shouldering K. entersSAO PAULO, Oct. 31 (Xinhua) Media representatives from the BRICS countries discussed the development of new media technologies and adopted an action plan to promot
75、e cooperation at the fourth BRICS Media Forum here on Thursday.The forum, which was held on Oct. 30-31, gathered nearly 100 representatives from 55 _51_ media organizations of the groups member countriesBrazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. With the theme of Strengthening Media Cooperation
76、in Building the BRICS Community with a Shared Future, the forum, jointly organized by Chinas Xinhua News Agency and Brazils CMA Group, is aimed at deepening media _52_ and pragmatic cooperation among the BRICS countries.Chen Peijie, Chinas consul general in Sao Paulo, said in her opening ceremony sp
77、eech that the achievements of BRICS cooperation and the blocs international influence cannot be separated from the medias efforts.As the BRICS cooperation _53_ its second golden decade, media cooperation will be crucial, she said. He Ping, editor-in-chief of Xinhua News Agency, said in a keynote spe
78、ech at the event that the world is undergoing profound changes _54_ in a century, and the BRICS countries need more than ever to take on global responsibilities.As chroniclers of history, the BRICS media are _55_ the important task of promoting cooperation and face a rare opportunity to work hand in
79、 hand for progress, He said. He proposed four _56_ to strengthen the cooperation of the BRICS media. He suggested the BRICS media _57_the blocs development, and actively reflecting economic, cultural, social and environmental achievements made by the BRICS countries. He then called for telling stori
80、es of people-to-people exchanges. He also proposed _58_a digital media that keeps pace with the times and jointly promote the development and application of new technologies. Moreover, He called for _59_the areas of exchanges and mutual assistance. He said the BRICS media need to expand cooperation
81、in news reporting, professional training, personnel training, financial information services and think tank exchanges.Jose Sanchez, co-chairman of the forum and president of financial information provider CMA Group, said in his speech that the media of the BRICS countries should _60_ raise their voi
82、ces to promote a more fair international public opinion landscape.【答案】51. I 52. A 53. K 54. B 55. J 56. D 57. H 58. C 59. F 60. E【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。10月31日，新华社报道来自金砖国家的媒体代表在周四举行的第四届金砖国家媒体论坛上讨论了发展新媒体技术，并通过了促进合作的行动计划。文章介绍了此次论坛主题以及各个成员国主流媒体代表的意见看法。【51题详解】考查名词。句意：论坛于10月30日至31日举行，有来自该组织55个成员国巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非的近10
83、0名主流媒体代表参加。结合句意表示“主流”可知应填名词mainstream，作定语。故填mainstream。故选I。【52题详解】考查名词。句意：论坛以“加强媒体合作，共建金砖命运共同体”为主题，由中国新华社和巴西报业集团共同主办，旨在深化金砖国家媒体交流和务实合作。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“交流”可知应填名词exchange，前文没有冠词故用复数。故填exchanges。故选A。【53题详解】考查动词。句意：她说，随着金砖国家合作进入第二个“黄金十年”，媒体合作至关重要。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“进入”可知用动词enter，此处主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，且主语为the BRICS
84、 cooperation，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填enters。故选K。54题详解】考查形容词。句意：新华社总编辑何平在会上发表主旨演讲称，世界正经历百年未有之大变局，金砖国家比以往任何时候都更需要承担起全球责任。结合语境表示“未有的，未见过的”应用形容词unseen，作定语。故填unseen。故选B。【55题详解】考查动词。句意：作为历史的记录者，金砖国家媒体肩负着促进合作的重要任务，也面临着携手共进的难得机遇。空处作谓语，表示“肩负”应用动词shoulder，结合上文are可知为现在进行时。故填shouldering。故选J。【56题详解】考查名词。句意：他提出加强金砖国家媒体合作的“
85、四项倡议”。空处作宾语，表示“倡议”应用名词initiative，且由four修饰应用复数。故填initiatives。故选D。【57题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他建议金砖国家媒体宣传金砖国家发展，积极反映金砖国家在经济、文化、社会、环境等领域取得的成就。表示“建议某人做某事”短语为suggest sb. doing sth.。故填popularizing。故选H。【58题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他还建议要建设与时俱进的数字媒体，共同推动新技术的发展和应用。结合句意表示“建议做某事”短语为propose doing sth.。故填building。故选C。【59题详解】考查非谓语动词。句
86、意：此外，他呼吁扩大交流和互助领域。空处作介词for的宾语，表示“扩大”应用动名词broadening。故填broadening。故选F。【60题详解】考查副词。句意：论坛联合主席、金融信息提供商CMA集团总裁Jose Sanchez在演讲中表示，金砖国家媒体应该共同发出声音，促进更加公平的国际舆论格局。修饰后文动词raise，表示“共同”应用副词jointly，作状语。故填jointly。故选E。III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Cloze: (1*15=15)Sometimes modern problems require ancient solut
87、ions. A 1,400-year-old Peruvian method of diverting water could supply up to 40,000 Olympic-size swimming pools worth of water to Lima each year. It is one _61_ of how ancient methods could support existing modern ones in countries without enough water. Man-made reservoirs store rainwater and water
88、overflow for use during dries times. But reservoirs are costly, require years to plan and can still _62_ to meet water needs. Perus capital, Lima, depends on water from rivers high in the Andes Mountains. It takes only a few days for water to flow down to the city. So when the dry season begins in t
89、he mountains, the water supply quickly disappears. The city _63_ this with modern structures such as man-made reservoirs. These reservoirs are not the only solution, _64_. Over a thousand years ago, indigenous people developed another way to solve water problems.Water diverted, _65_.The 1,400-year-o
90、ld system is designed to increase the water supply during the dry season by diverting and slowing water as it travels down the mountains. This _66_-based method is made of special canals that guide water from its source to a series of water bodies and hillsides. The water goes _67_ into the ground,
91、then flows downhill through the soil and _68_ in water bodies near the community. Its aim was to increase the waters travel time from days to months in order to provide water throughout the day season. The researchers _69_ how much the system slowed the flow of water by injecting special dye in the
92、highlands and noting when it reappeared in water bodies. The dyed water started to _70_ two weeks later and continued flowing for eight months a huge _71_ over the hours or days it would normally take. _72_ increase in supply.The researchers next considered how using a larger version of the system c
93、ould help Lima. They combined what they learned in Huamantanga with the knowledge of physical _73_ of Limas surroundings. The resulting estimates say the system could increase Limas dry-season water supply by 7.5 percent overall and up to 33 percent at the start of the dry season.The system is also
94、_74_ sound. Ochoa-Tocachi, a researcher, estimated that building canals similar to those in Huamantanga would cost 10 times less than building a reservoir of the same size. He also said former highland societies in other parts of the world had methods for diverting and slowing water flow. And, they
95、could use these methods today to support their _75_ modern methods.61. A. signB. exampleC. explanationD. theory62. A. manageB. failC. operateD. work63. A. equipsB. financesC. resolvesD. constructs64. A. furthermoreB. howeverC. thereforeD. moreover65. A. promotedB. distributedC. driedD. delayed66. A.
96、 natureB. economyC. welfareD. technology67. A. swiftlyB. deeplyC. slowlyD. rightly68. A. reappearsB. reservesC. reversesD. resumes69. A. foretoldB. measuredC. estimatedD. assumed70. A. freezeB. fadeC. surfaceD. flow71. A. priorityB. declineC. concernD. improvement72. A. ConsiderateB. SlightC. Predic
97、tableD. Sizable73. A. personalitiesB. qualitiesC. altitudesD. populations74. A. geologicallyB. sociallyC. geographicallyD. economically75. A. simplerB. costlierC. betterD. safer【答案】61. B 62. B 63. C 64. B 65. D 66. A 67. C 68. A 69. B 70. C 71. D 72. D 73. B 74. D 75. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种具有1400年历史的基
98、于自然方法的水系统，它缓解了秘鲁地区旱季缺水的问题，并介绍了它的运行原理，以及现实意义。【61题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个例子，说明古代的方法如何能够为那些没有足够水的国家现有的方法提供帮助。A. sign标记，符号；B. example例子，榜样；C. explanation解释；D. theory理论。根据前文“A 1,400-year-old Peruvian method of diverting water could supply up to 40,000 Olympic-size swimming pools worth of water to Lima each y
99、ear.”可知，这是古代用水方法的一个实际例子，本句是对这个例子的进一步说明。故选B项。【62题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是水库耗资巨大，需要数年时间进行规划，而且仍然不能满足用水需求。A. manage设法完成；B. fail失败；C. operate操作，手术；D. work工作，有效。根据前文“Man-made reservoirs store rainwater and water overflow for use during dries times.”和本句句首连词But语义转折可知，此处应是否定含义，人造水库“不能”满足水需求。故选B项。【63题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意
100、：这座城市通过人造水库等现代建筑来解决这个问题。A. equips装备；B. finances提供资金；C. resolves解决；D. constructs建设。根据前文“So when the dry season begins in the mountains, the water supply quickly disappears.”可知，干旱季节，水很快就消失，是个用水难题，本句中代词this即指此难题，所以此处指“解决”这个难题。下文“These reservoirs are not the only solution”也可验证，此处指“解决”问题。故选C项。【64题详解】考查副词
101、词义辨析。句意：然而，这些水库并不是唯一的解决办法。A. furthermore此外；B. however然而；C. therefore因此；D. moreover而且。上文“The city _3_ this with modern structures such as man-made reservoirs.”和下文“These reservoirs are not the only solution”之间是转折关系，故用转折副词。故选B项。【65题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：水被转移了，延迟了。A. promoted提升；B. distributed分配；C. dried变干；D. d
102、elayed滞留，延迟，推迟。和前文“the water supply quickly disappears”相对应，根据后文“Its aim was to increase the waters travel time from days to months in order to provide water throughout the day season.”以及“The dyed water started to _10_ two weeks later and continued flowing for eight months a huge _11_ over the hours
103、or days it would normally take. ”可知，为了解决水供应很快消失的问题，想办法使水流缓慢、延迟，从数天到数月。此处作为小标题概括下文，指水流延迟了。故选D项。【66题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种以自然为基础的方法是由特殊的渠道，引导水从它的源头到一系列的水体和山坡。A. nature自然；B. economy经济；C. welfare幸福；D. technology技术。根据后文“is made of special canals that guide water from its source to a series of water bodies and
104、 hillsides.”可知，这种引水方法是以自然山坡和水体为基础的。故选A项。【67题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：水缓慢地进入地下，然后沿着土壤向下流，再重新出现在社区附近的水体中。A. swiftly迅速地；B. deeply深深地；C. slowly慢慢地；D. rightly正确地。根据后文“Its aim was to increase the waters travel time from days to months in order to provide water throughout the day season.”可知，水流的时间增长了，所以是水流缓慢地进入地下。故选C
105、项。【68题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：水缓慢地进入地下，然后沿着土壤向下流，再重新出现在社区附近的水体中。A. reappears再次出现；B. reserves储备；C. reverses颠倒，反转；D. resumes重新开始。根据后文“The researchers _9_ how much the system slowed the flow of water by injecting special dye in the highlands and noting when it reappeared in water bodies.”中reappeared提示可知，水流多了几道程
106、序，最后又重新出现在水体中，达到延缓水流的目的。故选A项。【69题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员通过向高地注射特殊的染料来测量这个系统在多大程度上减缓了水的流动，并记录它何时再次出现在水体中。A. foretold预言；B. measured测量；C. estimated估计，评价；D. assumed假定。根据后文“The dyed water started to _10_ two weeks later and continued flowing for eight months a huge _11_ over the hours or days it would normal
107、ly take.”可知，得出这个数据结论，是用上述方法测量出来的。故选B项。【70题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个星期后，染色的水开始浮出水面，并且持续流动了八个月比起通常需要的几个小时或几天，这是一个巨大的进步。A. freeze冻结；B. fade褪色，逐渐消失；C. surface升到水面；D. flow流动。染色的水升到水面上，才能观测到，所以此处应指“升到水面”。故选C项。【71题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个星期后，染色的水开始升到水面，并且持续流动了八个月比起通常需要的几个小时或几天，这是一个巨大的进步。A. priority优先权；B. decline衰退；C. con
108、cern关心；D. improvement改善，进步。根据前文“continued flowing for eight months”和后文“the hours or days it would normally take”的比较可知，是一个巨大的进步。故选D项。【72题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：供应量大幅增加。A. Considerate考虑周到的；B. Slight轻微的；C. Predictable可预测的；D. Sizable相当大的。根据后文“The resulting estimates say the system could increase Limas dry-seas
109、on water supply by 7.5 percent overall and up to 33 percent at the start of the dry season.”可知，水供应量大幅增加了。这里作为小标题概括下文，是指水供应量大幅增加。故选D项。【73题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们把在 Huamantanga 学到的知识和Lima周围环境的物理特性结合起来。A. personalities个性，人格；B. qualities品质，特征；C. altitudes高度，海拔；D. populations人口。根据前文“This _6_-based method is ma
110、de of special canals that guide water from its source to a series of water bodies and hillsides.”可知，这种引水方法是以山坡和水体为基础的，所以说他们把知识和环境的物理特性结合起来。故选B项。【74题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个系统在经济上也是明智的。A. geologically地质学上；B. socially社会上，社交上；C. geographically地理上；D. economically经济上，经济地。根据后文“Ochoa-Tocachi, a researcher, estima
111、ted that building canals similar to those in Huamantanga would cost 10 times less than building a reservoir of the same size.”可知，修建这样的引水系统成本要低很多，所以是经济上很明智的。故选D项。【75题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且，他们今天可以使用这些方法来为他们成本更高的现代方法提供帮助。A. simpler更简单；B. costlier代价更高的，昂贵的；C. better更好的；D. safer更安全的。根据上文“Ochoa-Tocachi, a res
112、earcher, estimated that building canals similar to those in Huamantanga would cost 10 times less than building a reservoir of the same size.”可知，用古代这种方法修建的水利用系统成本低很多，所以这里指成本更高的现代方法。故选B项。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
113、 statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AWe Buy Houses - Sell Houses Fast* Do you want to sell a house fast?* Have you recently been relocated and need a fast home sa
114、le?* Are you tired of the time consuming For Sale By Owner process?* Do you want to get Top Dollar for you Home?We Buy and Sell Houses and Homes Fast - Any Condition We will Call you today for a Fast, Free, No Obligation ConsultationWe are a national group of real estate professionals that specializ
115、es in helping home owners sell their home as quickly and easily as possible. There is no upfront cost and no obligation because we are devoted to providing you with the best option for a fast home sale. We routinely buy and sell all types of property, in any condition, and in most locations. In many
116、 cases we can close on your house quickly, often in 9 days or less, with all cash and at no cost to you.We are experienced professionals that can sell just about any house, no matter what type, size, location, or condition. In fact, depending on the situation, we can often make you an offer today an
117、d buy your house within 24 hours! We know that selling your home can be an intimidating process, but we can help make it a much easier, faster, and less stressful experience.We want to help you sell your house as quickly as possible. Our nationwide network of knowledgeable real estate specialists ar
118、e available to discuss in detail all available options, from quick cash closings to a more traditional listing arrangements. We understand that every situation is unique; therefore we do not provide a one-size-fits-all solution. We want to work with you, understand your needs, and help. you find the
119、 best solution for your specific circumstances.The best part is that our services are absolutely Free to you, the home owner. We want to help you sell your house fast, and we want to help you today. There is No Obligation, No Risk, and No Cost for our services!76. Who are supposed to be interested i
120、n this advertisement?A. Those who want to buy a new house.B. Those who need to rent an apartment.C. Those who have extra houses for sale.D. Those who want to have free houses.77 Which is the probable explanation for the underlined word relocated?A. Borrowing money, from banks.B. Moving to a new plac
121、e.C. Promoted.D. Tired.78. What can be inferred from the advertisement?A. It usually takes two weeks to sell a house.B. They can sell all kinds of houses everywhere in the world.C. They have free consultants to answer your questions.D. They can buy you a new house within 24 hours.【答案】76. C 77. B 78.
122、 C【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则帮助房主卖房子的广告，介绍了其具体服务流程和特色等信息。【76题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“We want to help you sell your house as quickly as possible. (我们想帮您尽快卖掉房子)”以及最后一段中“The best part is that our services are absolutely Free to you, the home owner.(最重要的是，我们的服务对您房主是绝对免费的)”可推知，那些有多余房屋待售的人会对这个广告感兴趣。故选C。【77题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词
123、后文“and need a fast home sale”可知，本句设定的情景是：你最近搬家了，需要快速出售房子，故画线词意思为“搬到一个新地方”。故选B。【78题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“We will Call you today for a Fast, Free, No Obligation Consultation(今天我们将给您打电话，进行一次快速、免费的咨询)”可推知，他们有免费的顾问来回答你的问题。故选C。BOpen data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers
124、 broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, because other scientists might be able to make advances not foreseen by the datas producers, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labours online (see Nature 461, 160-163; 2009). When Wolkovich, for instance, went
125、hunting for the data from the 50 studies in her meta-analysis, only 8 data sets were available online, and many of the researchers whom she e-mailed refused to share their work. Forced to extract data from tables or figures in publications, Wolkovichs team could conduct only limited analysesSome com
126、munities have agreed to share online - geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository, and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects - but these remain t
127、he exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data and the contextual informatio
128、n called metadata; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the barriers are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report Science as an Open Enterpr
129、ise that scientists need to shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not po
130、ssible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.Although exhortations to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altr
131、uistic. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers - those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often - get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of
132、the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne, a biologist at George Washington University in Washington DC, thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to
133、estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. I would much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions, she says Its important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive
134、at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible .79. What do many researchers generally accept?A. It is imperative to protest scientist patentsB. Repositories are essential to scientific researchC. Open data sharing is most important to medical scienceD. Open data sh
135、aring is conducive to scientific advancement80. What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?A. OpposedB. AmbiguousC. LiberalD. Neutral81. According to the passage, what might hinder open data sharing？A. The fear of massive copyingB. The lack of a research cultureC.
136、The belief that research is private intellectual propertyD. The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it82. Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing _A. is becoming increasingly popularB. benefits sharers and users alikeC. makes researchers successfulD. saves both mo
137、ney and labor【答案】79. D 80. A 81. C 82. B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了学术界数据共享的好处以及对科技的推进作用。【79题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, because other scientists might be able to make advances not foreseen by the datas producers, most are rel
138、uctant to post the results of their own labours online.”（尽管许多研究人员普遍认为，公众获取原始数据将加速科学进步，因为其他科学家可能能够取得数据制作者无法预见的进步，但大多数研究人员不愿将自己的研究结果公布在网上。）可知，研究人员普遍认为开放数据共享有利于科学进步。故选D项。【80题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“most are reluctant to post the results of their own labours online.”（但大多数研究人员不愿将自己的研究结果公布在网上。）以及第二段中“Historically
139、, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons”（从历史上看，科学家反对共享的原因有很多）可知，大多数研究人员不情愿公开自己的数据，所以他们对共享持反对态度。故选A项。【81题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work”（从历史上看，科学家反对共享的原因有很多： 这是一项繁重的工作）和第三段中“Last year, the Royal Society in London
140、said in its report Science as an Open Enterprise that scientists need to shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve.”（去年，伦敦皇家学会在其报告科学作为一个开放的企业中表示，科学家需要摆脱研究文化，即数据被视为私人保护。）可以推断，阻碍开放数据共享的原因可能是研究人员认为大量工作得到的研究成果是私人的知识产权。故选C项。【82题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Researchers who share get
141、plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers - those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often - get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on mult
142、idisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times.”（ 共享研究人员可以获得很多个人利益，包括与同事更多的联系，更高的可见度和更多的引用。最成功的分享者那些数据被下载和引用最频繁的人会得到关注，他们的工作也会被使用。例如，多学科知识库 Dryad中最流行的数据集之一是关于世界各地木材密度的数据； 它已经被下载了5,700次。）可知，Dryad作为一个例子，是来说明开放数据共享对分享者和使用者都有好处。故选B项。CEconomicall
143、y speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on
144、 a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Censuss measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data e
145、xclude important determinants of economic wellbeing, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means
146、 perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones
147、-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe: real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were econ
148、omically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably refl
149、ecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing Frances consumption with the U.S.s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations
150、 can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97 % of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economys performance over time. According to this measure, as o
151、f the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is mu
152、lti-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporatedfor example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.83. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?A. It is widely used to com
153、pare the economic growth across countries.B. It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary peoples livelihood.C. It focuses on peoples consumption rather than their average income.D. It is a more comprehensive measure of peoples economic well-being.84. What do Jones and Klenow think of the compari
154、son between France and the U. S. in terms of real consumption per person? A. It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.B. It neglected many important indicators of peoples welfare.C. It covered up the differences between individual citizens.D. It failed to count in their difference
155、 in natural resources.85. What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?A. It can accurately pinpoint a countrys current economic problems.B. It can help to raise peoples awareness of their economic well-being.C. It can diagnose the causes of a countrys slowing pace of economic improvement.D. It c
156、an compare a countrys economic conditions between different periods of time.86. What can we infer from the passage about American peoples economic well-being?A. It is much better than that of their European counterparts.B. It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.C. It has not i
157、mproved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.D. It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.【答案】83. D 84. B 85. D 86. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Jones-Klenow方法，该方法是衡量人们经济福祉的更全面的衡量标准。【83题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by
158、Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and in
159、equality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.(在思考这个问题时，我们看到了Charles Jones和Peter Klenow最近发表的一篇文章，其中提出了一种有趣的衡量经济福利的新方法。虽然它不是完美的，但它比平均收入要全面得多，不仅考虑了人均消费的增长，而且考虑了工作时间、预期寿命和不平等的变化。此外，它可以用来评估不同国家和不同时期的经济表现)”可知，作者认为Jones-Klenow方法是一个更全面的衡量人民经济福祉的方法。故选D
160、。【84题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“In 2005, as the authors observe: real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expect
161、ancy, and economic inequality.(2005年，正如作者观察到的那样:法国的人均实际消费量仅为美国的60%，这似乎表明美国人的平均经济水平要比法国人好得多。然而，这种比较忽略了其他相关因素：闲暇时间、预期寿命和经济不平等)”可知，Jones 和Klenow认为法国和美国之间就人均实际消费而言的比较，它忽略了许多关于人民福利的重要指标。故选B。【85题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economys performance over time. According to this
162、 measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.(Jones-Klenow方法还可以评估一个经济体的长期表现。根据这一指标，到本世纪初至中期，美国的经济福利是所有大国中最高的。自2007年以来，美国的
163、经济福利持续改善。然而，改善的步伐已明显放缓)”可知，Jones-Klenow方法的优点是它可以比较一个国家在不同时期的经济状况。故选D。【86题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too
164、much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic.(在这个问题上，评论家们急切地寻找证据，他们抓住了人口普查局最近的一份报告，该报告发现2015年平均家庭收入增长了5.2%。不幸的是，这个结论过于看重一个有用但有缺陷和不完整的统计数据)”可推知，美国人民的经济福祉没有像人口普查局报告的那样有很大的改善。故选C。Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box
165、. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Protecting our delicate environment seems to be on the agenda of politicians, government leaders, and citizens in many parts of the world to show support for mother-nature. The concept of green consumerism h
166、as gained momentum more and more over the last decade, and the public feels moved to pitch in and help. _87_.Lets use paper as an example. The first step is to raise public awareness about the recycling process, to explain the kinds of materials that can be recycled, and provide ways on how to prope
167、rly dispose of them. Local governments should educate the public on how to properly sort reusable materials from those, like waxed paper, carbon paper, plastic material such as fast food wrappers, that cant be recycled very easily. _88_.Second, technological progress has been made on many fronts, bu
168、t governmental agencies need to step up technological support for companies involved in recycling to upgrade equipment and to encourage further research. One breakthrough has been the development of a new manufacturing process that uses enzymes to help remove ink from paper in more energy efficient
169、and environmentally safe methods. _89_. The difficulty in removing print from paper, the amount of energy expended during the process, and caustic waste that is sometimes produced are costs that companies incur that are then passed on to the consumer.The final key is to increase demand for the growi
170、ng surplus of resources waiting to be recycled. This problem has appeared in various regions of the world where the technology to process the used materials lags far behind the amount being collected for recycling. _90_ ; yet the great stumbling block to implementing the second stage of this plan co
171、uld be impeded by the corporate sectors inability to find commercial enterprises interested in using recycled goods especially when the cost exceeds those of virgin materials.A. Recycling paper materials can be expensive in both monetary and environmental terms.B. However tough the challenge may be,
172、 supports of paper recycling never step back.C. Give the public information they can grasp, and then you will increase your chances of gaining followers.D. There may be a great outpouring of support. E. So we are actually in a time when green has been a trend.F. However, certain essential keys are n
173、eeded to power this movement.【答案】87. E 88. C 89. A 90. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。保护我们脆弱的环境似乎已经被世界上许多地方的政治家、政府领导人和公民提上了议事日程，以表达对大自然母亲的支持。在过去的十年里，绿色消费主义的概念获得了越来越多的动力，公众感到被打动了，想要参与和帮助。文章以回收纸张为例，介绍了回收利用的具体过程。【87题详解】根据上文“Protecting our delicate environment seems to be on the agenda of politicians, government leaders,
174、 and citizens in many parts of the world to show support for mother-nature. The concept of green consumerism has gained momentum more and more over the last decade, and the public feels moved to pitch in and help.(保护我们脆弱的环境似乎已经被世界上许多地方的政治家、政府领导人和公民提上了议事日程，以表达对大自然母亲的支持。在过去的十年里，绿色消费主义的概念获得了越来越多的动力，公众感
175、到被打动了，想要参与和帮助)”可知，上文提到绿色消费主义获得了越来越多的动力，故本句总结上文说明：绿色已经成为一种趋势，E选项中green对应上文中green consumerism。故E选项“所以我们实际上处在一个绿色已经成为一种趋势的时代”符合语境，故选E。【88题详解】根据上文“Lets use paper as an example. The first step is to raise public awareness about the recycling process, to explain the kinds of materials that can be recycled
176、, and provide ways on how to properly dispose of them. Local governments should educate the public on how to properly sort reusable materials from those, like waxed paper, carbon paper, plastic material such as fast food wrappers, that cant be recycled very easily.(让我们以纸张为例。第一步是提高公众对回收过程的认识，解释可以回收的材
177、料种类，并提供如何正确处理它们的方法。地方政府应该教育公众如何正确地将可重复使用的材料与那些不容易回收的材料，如蜡纸、碳纸、快餐包装纸等塑料材料进行分类)”可知，上文提到了政府教育公众如何正确回收利用材料，本句为本段最后一句，应当承接上文解释说明：给公众可以掌握的公众信息，他们就会追随环保的做法，C选项中they指代上文中the public。故C选项“给他们可以掌握的公众信息，这样你就会增加你获得追随者的机会”符合语境，故选C。【89题详解】根据上文“One breakthrough has been the development of a new manufacturing proces
178、s that uses enzymes to help remove ink from paper in more energy efficient and environmentally safe methods.(其中一项突破是开发了一种新的制造工艺，使用酶以更节能和环保的方式帮助去除纸张上的墨水)”以及后文“The difficulty in removing print from paper, the amount of energy expended during the process, and caustic waste that is sometimes produced ar
179、e costs that companies incur that are then passed on to the consumer.(从纸上去除印刷物的困难，过程中消耗的能量，以及有时产生的腐蚀性废物，都是公司产生的成本，然后转嫁给消费者)”可知，后文提到回收纸质材料公司需要耗费大量的成本，而这种成本都转嫁给了消费者，造成回收纸质材料非常昂贵。故A选项“从经济和环境的角度来看，回收纸质材料是很昂贵的”符合语境，故选A。【90题详解】根据后文“yet the great stumbling block to implementing the second stage of this pla
180、n could be impeded by the corporate sectors inability to find commercial enterprises interested in using recycled goods especially when the cost exceeds those of virgin materials.(然而，执行该计划第二阶段的巨大障碍可能因公司部门无法找到有兴趣使用回收物品的商业企业而受到阻碍，特别是当回收物品的成本超过原始材料时)”可知，yet表示转折，后文提到了遇到的障碍，说明本句是在说明好的方面，即获得支持。故D选项“可能会有大量
181、的支持”符合语境，故选D。IV. Summary Writing 91. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Much time and effort has been devoted to researching the mental health benefits of flexible work e
182、nvironments, but can the ability to leave work early to watch your sons soccer game, or arrive at the office a bit later in the morning in order to see to some personal matters, have physical health benefits besides making you feel a bit relaxed?According to new research published in the Cochrane Li
183、brary Database of Systematic Reviews, it seems so. In a review of 10 previous studies examining the health effects of unfixed work conditions for more than 16,000 people, researchers from the U.K. Durham University and University of Newcastle, as well as the University of Montreal, found that flexib
184、le work schedules, for instance, when employees can shift their starting times, were associated with improvements in a persons overall health. In addition, perhaps, unsurprisingly, in all of the studies included in the review, researchers found no evidence for negative effects of more flexible work
185、schedules.This initial analysis was intended to throw light on the potential health benefits of flexible work options, which are increasingly popular throughout Scandinavia, and have recently gained some ground in the U.K. For example, last April, the British government implemented a policy that all
186、owed parents of children aged six and under to request flexible work arrangements to include parents of children aged 16 and younger. In the U.S., the phenomenon is a bit slower to catch on. Yet, the economic slowdown of recent years may have contributed to growth in workplace flexibilityas companie
187、s unable to reward employees with bonuses or raises may turn to other forms of compensation, Reuters reported early last year.Original analysis too, of course, indicated the benefits of flexible work environments toward positive mental health outcomes. And while these latest findings are promising,
188、the researchers stress that more study is vital to understanding the detailed relationship between flexible work and improved health outcomes. To truly grasp the benefits of flexible working conditions, the researchers say, additional study analyzing health outcomes among a wide range of workersfrom
189、 high-ranking executives to hourly employees is critical, which helps to gain a deeper understanding of the issue, and to shape future workplace policy.【答案】By reviewing previous studies, researchers find flexible work schedules benefit peoples overall health. Workplace flexibility is more popular in
190、 some European countries than in US, where the phenomenon may catch on because it helps companies reward employees during recession. Additional studies among a wider range of workers are needed to better understand the relationship and design future workplace policy. (59 words)【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明很
191、多时间和精力都花在研究弹性工作环境对心理健康有很多好处，更多的研究对于理解弹性工作和改善健康结果之间的详细关系至关重要。研究人员说，要真正掌握灵活工作条件的好处，对从高级管理人员到钟点工等各类员工的健康状况进行分析的额外研究至关重要，这有助于加深对这一问题的理解，并制定未来的工作场所政策。【详解】1 要点摘录Much time and effort has been devoted to researching the mental health benefits of flexible work environments,for instance, when employees can sh
192、ift their starting times, were associated with improvements in a persons overall health.In the U.S., the phenomenon is a bit slower to catch on. Yet, the economic slowdown of recent years may have contributed to growth in workplace flexibilityas companies unable to reward employees with bonuses or r
193、aises may turn to other forms of compensation.additional study analyzing health outcomes among a wide range of workersfrom high-ranking executives to hourly employees is critical, which helps to gain a deeper understanding of the issue, and to shape future workplace policy.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两
194、个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句By reviewing previous studies, researchers find flexible work schedules benefit peoples overall health. Workplace flexibility is more popular in some European countries than in US, where the phenomenon may catch on because it helps companies reward employees during recession. Additiona
195、l studies among a wider range of workers are needed to better understand the relationship and design future workplace policy.【点睛】高分句型1 By reviewing previous studies, researchers find flexible work schedules benefit peoples overall health. 运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中reviewing是动名词作介词by的宾语，find后是省略t
196、hat的宾语从句。高分句型2 Workplace flexibility is more popular in some European countries than in US where the phenomenon may catch on because it helps companies reward employees during recession. 用where引导的非限制性定语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。高分句型3 Additional studies among a wider range of workers are needed to better un
197、derstand the relationship and design future workplace policy. 用动词不定式作目的状语概括了第四段内容。V. Translation (3+4+4+4+5)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.92. 在工程学等学科上你犯的错误越少，就越可能有资格做建筑师。（likely;qualify）(汉译英)【答案】The fewer mistakes you commit in such
198、 subjects as engineering, the more likely you are to be qualified as an architect.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定句型、短语和时态。此处为固定句型“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越，越”；表示“犯错误”短语为commit mistakes，由形容词fewer作定语修饰mistakes；表示“工程学”应用名词engineering，作宾语；表示“可能”短语为be likely to do sth.；表示“有资格”短语为be qualified as，后跟单数名词architect，作宾语；句子应用一般现在
199、时。故翻译为The fewer mistakes you commit in such subjects as engineering, the more likely you are to be qualified as an architect.93. 无论你是打算自主创业还是拓展业务，都应该关心员工、设备等成本问题。（concern，range）(汉译英)【答案】Whether you want to set up your own business or expand your business, you should be concerned about the cost, rang
200、ing from personnel to equipment.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定句型、固定短语和时态。结合句意表示“无论是还是”可知应用whetheror；表示“自主创业”可翻译为set up ones own business；表示“扩展业务”可翻译为expand ones business；表示“关心”短语为be concerned about；结合语境表示“范围从到”短语为range fromto；句子应用一般现在时。故翻译为Whether you want to set up your own business or expand your business, you
201、should be concerned about the cost, ranging from personnel to equipment.94. 委员会后知后觉，才意识到没啥比导致濒危物种灭绝更值得反思了。（before）(汉译英)【答案】It was long before the committee realized that nothing is better worth reflecting on than leading the endangered species to extinction.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词、短语、动词和时间状语从句。表示“委员会”用名词th
202、e committee；表示“后知后觉，过了很久才”用it was long before.表示“意识到”用动词realize，根据句意，描述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，即realized；表示“濒危物种”用短语the endangered species；表示“导致”用动词短语leadto；表示“灭绝”用名词extinction；表示“更值得”用be better worth doing sth than；表示“反思”用动词短语reflecton，根据worth doing，故用reflecting；故答案为It was long before the committee reali
203、zed that nothing is better worth reflecting on than leading the endangered species to extinction.95. 有别于那些整个职业生涯默默无闻的运动员，在20世纪80年代马拉多纳（Maradona）第一次为他的祖国捧回世界杯（the World Cup）冠军的时候，他就确立了自己传奇球星的地位。 (establish; remain) (汉译英)【答案】Unlike those who remain unknown all their professional career, Maradona estab
204、lished himself as a legendary football star the first time he won the championship for his country in the World Cup in the 1980s.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查谓语动词，主谓宾，主系表，介词短语，以及复合句等。表示“有别于”可用介词unlike；表示“那些整个职业生涯默默无闻的运动员”可用代词those后接定语从句who remain unknown all their professional career，who引导定语从句，作从句主语，指代先行词those，为复数
205、，因从句部分表示现在状态，应为一般现在时，所以表示“默默无闻”用系表结构remain unknown；表示“他就确立了自己传奇球星的地位。”需用所提示的动词establish oneself，因时间状语是“在20世纪80年代马拉多纳（Maradona）第一次为他的祖国捧回世界杯（the World Cup）冠军的时候”所以主句部分应为一般过去时，表达为Maradona established himself as a legendary football star；表示时间状语“在20世纪80年代马拉多纳（Maradona）第一次为他的祖国捧回世界杯（the World Cup）冠军的时候”可
206、用the first time（名词用作连词）引导时间状语从句he won the championship for his country in the World Cup in the 1980s。故翻译为Unlike those who remain unknown all their professional career, Maradona established himself as a legendary football star the first time he won the championship for his country in the World Cup in
207、 the 1980s.96. 电子烟一上市,那些忧心忡忡的评论家就警告说因为人们没法抵挡要去抽烟的冲动，因此电子烟绝不可能替代香烟。（Hardly.; alternative）(汉译英)【答案】Hardly had Electronic cigarettes entered the market/been launched when the concerned critics warned that they were anything but an alternative to cigarettes in that people couldnt resist the desire to sm
208、oke them.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查倒装句，时态，动词，名词，短语。表示“电子烟”用名词短语Electronic cigarettes；表示“一就”用hardlywhen；表示“上市”用enter the market；根据hardlywhen可知，要使用过去完成时；表示“忧心忡忡的评论家” 用短语the concerned critics；表示“警告”用动词warn，when后用一般过去时，故用warned；表示“因为”用in that；表示“抵挡不住抽烟的冲动”用couldnt resist the desire to smoke them；表示“绝不”用anything but；表示“替代”用alternative to；故答案为Hardly had Electronic cigarettes entered the market/been launched when the concerned critics warned that they were anything but an alternative to cigarettes in that people couldnt resist the desire to smoke them.