1、绝密启封前2021上海市高考压轴卷英 语考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第I卷（第112页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。第I卷(共103分)Listening ComprehensionSection A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations betwee
2、n two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer
3、to the question you have heard.1A5 minutes.B10 minutes.C15 minutes.D25 minutes.2AAt school.BIn a shop.CIn a restaurant.DAt home.3AExciting.BWell-paid.CBoring.DTough.4AA bus driver.BA house agent.CA deliveryman.DA salesperson.5AThe film to watch.BThe course to attend.CThe language to learn.DThe optio
4、n to abandon.6AHe should work harder.BHe shouldnt turn down the offer.CHe shouldnt lose heart.DHe should be environmentally conscious.7AExpress her opinions more clearly.BMake another copy of her paper.CCorrect some grammatical errors.DIndicate the sources of the quotes in her paper.8AThe man doesnt
5、 know if there is such a machine.BThe machine is on the right side of the entrance.CThe machine may not be functioning properly.DThe woman can find the machine by following the signs.9AThe new shoes are worth a try.BHe thinks shopping is a waste of money.CHe doesnt want to give any comments on the s
6、hoes.DThe shoes are not suitable for the woman.10AMore doctors should be doing research.BHe is on the way to becoming a doctor.CA new medical treatment is available soon.DHe has already tried the new medicine.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several passages and longer conversations,
7、 after each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question
8、you have heard.听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。11ADisability.BSickness.CPressure.DUnemployment.12ABecause he has two kids.BBecause he doesnt like to work.CBecause his wife is busy.DBecause he makes less money than his wife.13ASharing feelings of anxiety.BFeeling lonely and short of friends.CFacing worries about thei
9、r self-worth.DMissing the happy time with former colleagues.听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。14ATo emphasize the disadvantages of fast fashion.BTo criticize fashion industry for its fast development.CTo introduce some strategies for choosing daily dress.DTo advocate an environment-friendly concept of clothes.15AThe s
10、tyles of the clothes often change rapidly with the time.BThe clothes often copy the styles of famous designer brands.CA number of unfashionable clothes are burnt or go into landfill.DCreating such clothes usually waste a large amount of energy.16AIt is regarded as the symbol of fast fashion.BIt is a
11、n agreeable trend in the fashion industry.CIt is very popular thanks to massive productivity.DIt is made by environment-friendly artificial materials.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。17AThe way to get a proper promotion.BThe reason to set an example for the staff.CThe key elements of a capable supervisor.DThe damag
12、e that problem employees may cause.18AHe cant get along well with others.BHe is not good at training people.CHe is not familiar with marketing.DHe lacks relevant experience.19AHe is good at coaching people.BHe has worked in different teams.CHe can find potential problem employees.DHe can discipline
13、people without being mean.20AFully understand his responsibility.BWork hard and get along well with others.CQualify employees to be ready for changes.DUnderstand the values and goals of the company.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks t
14、o make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Scientists confirmed Monday that a skeleton (骷髅) found under a carpark in the English cit
15、y of Leicester was that of King Richard III, in a weird end to a 500-year-old mystery.DNA from the bones 21 (match) that of existing generation of the kings sister and the skeleton had the battle injuries consistent 22 contemporary accounts.The remains of the king, viewed as one of English historys
16、worst guys, will be reburied later in the local church.The discovery has caused huge excitement among historians, as it provides firm evidence about a ruler whose life 23 (shadow), in spite of official records, by rumours (谣言) concerning his cold blood since his death at the Battle of Bosworth in 14
17、85.According to historical accounts, Richards body was transported naked and bloody on the back of a pack horse to Leicester before being buried in an unmarked grave at Greyfriars, a Franciscan temple in the central English city.Then the crown passed to the Tudor rulers who painted Richard as an ugl
18、y bad guy who stopped at 24 in his pursuit of power, even murdering his two young nephews, the so-called Princes in the Tower, 25 (secure) the power.The hunt for his body began years ago when archaeologists (考古学家) started to dig beneath the municipal carpark 26 the king was supposedly buried. They f
19、inally found the skeleton.On Monday archaeologists said the skeleton confirmed that the king had severe injury in the backbone. It may have been painful and caused his right shoulder to appear higher than his left, but there was no evidence of the deformed arm 27 (mention) in Shakespeares “Richard I
20、II”.Historians now hope to clear some of the myths about Richard, 28 (publicize) evidence to argue against the claim that he killed the two young princes. They intend to focus on 29 Richard achieved in his brief two-year ruling, including the establishment of a system of legal aid.According to Phili
21、ppa Langley, a member of the Richard III Society, 30 cruel Richard III appeared to be in the past, a new image will emerge of the king. “We have searched for Richard and we have found him. Now its time to honour him,” she said.Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words i
22、n the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Afinancial Bimplemented Csupport Droughly E. assigned F. immediateG. contributing H. practice I. purchase J. disadvantaged K. supplyingStocking the shelvesWhen you go to a grocery store, you expect to pay for
23、your goods with money. But students at a high school in Texas, US, opened a store that runs on good deeds.In November, students from Linda Tutt High School in the city of Sanger launched a grocery store that enables students to 31 necessities such as toilet paper, meat and basic food items using a p
24、oint system. The store aims to support families in need.“In our school district, there are 322, 750 students enrolled and throughout the district, 43 percent of these students are considered economically 33,” Anthony Love, principal of Linda Tutt told CNN. “About 3.6 percent of our students are cons
25、idered homeless. We thought it was important to 34them and their families and make sure they had food on the table.”Students earn points by 35 positively to the school. For those students from poor families, the point system has provided a way for them to shop for their families, according to Love.
26、“They can earn points for doing chores around the building or helping to clean,” he said.With the help of partners like Texas Health. Albertsons and First Refuge Ministries, the school was able to stock the shelves.The number of points for each item was actually 36 by the students. “So we walked thr
27、ough here and decided that a can of green beans was one point,” said Paul Juarez, the executive director of First Refuge Ministries.Juarez said that he hopes the idea gets 37 in other areas. “It gives us a picture of what can be. So if we can do this inside other schools, it will do a whole lot to h
28、elp other small towns.”In addition to the38 benefits, students also learn about supply management and customer service, and such lessons could prepare them for future jobs.The grocery stores student manager, Hunter Weertman, said he has already learned important life skills from his experience at th
29、e store, such as making good spending choices and budgeting.The store 39was also welcomed by Thomas Muir, Sanger s mayor. “We all had our first jobs and it taught us how to work, and what you got for your work,” he said. “I think this will do that for them too, and also meet an40 need.”III. Reading
30、ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many things happen when people are ageing. Apart from the greying hair and wrinkled skin, there is a(
31、n) 41 change which comes with older age. When humans reach their later years, they favour more long-term 42 and their social cirele is reduced.Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same 43 in another species. Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that
32、 older males choose to keep contact with their 44 friends at the expense of other relationships.The researchers studied 78,000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social 45 of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old. They classified the chimps 46 de
33、pending on the amount of time they sat with others and groomed (梳毛) them. They then rated (分类) the various pairings as mutual (相互的) friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship; 47 friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other; and non-friendships, where
34、neither chimp showed 48 the other.When the scientists looked at the 49 of friendships, they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps. Another 50 seen in older humans was also spotted in the chimps. As the males got older, their level
35、s of 51 gradually become less, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to threaten others in their group less often.The observations have left the researchers 52 . According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more 53 relationships because t
36、hey are aware that time is running out. However many animal experts argue that chimpanzees 54 the human sense of mortality (死亡) , suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, said in humans, the 55 social circles
37、 with age is due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity. In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal (互惠的) relationships with trusted partners, he said.41AphysicalBintellectualCemotionalDfunctional42Aha
38、bitsBfriendsCtasksDideas43AproblemBobstacleCstruggleDbehaviour44AestablishedBrespectiveCexperiencedDthoughtful45AskillsBreputationsCinteractionsDpositions46AintelligenceBrelationshipsCpopularityDperformances47Aeasy-goingBwarm-heartedCself-relyingDone-sided48Arespect forBcourage toCinterest inDloyalt
39、y to49ApatternsBimportanceCmeaningsDdevelopment50AinstinctBdisadvantageCfeatureDbelief51AresponsibilityBaggressionCreliabilityDadvancement52AdelightedBamusedCrelivedDpuzzled53AunknownBpositiveCinsecureDsenseless54AlackBobtainCimitateDabandon55Aabsence fromBisolation fromCdecrease inDdistinction inSe
40、ction BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Jessica Reinda
41、hl had big dreams growing up as an only child in a military family-she wanted to fly, serve her country and, finally, help people.“I wanted to fly because I just loved the excitement to get off-deck and in the air,” Reindahl says. “I wanted to serve my country because I wanted to be a part of someth
42、ing bigger than all of us.”Reindahls first two dreams came true during a nine-year service in the U.S. Navy. Reindahl worked as a flight engineer on naval aircraft since 2007. “I kept the plane ready to fly both on the ground and in the air,” Reindahl says.While in the Middle East, Reindahl met a nu
43、rse who flew in the Navy. “I saw how devoted and present they were with the care of their patients and it completely inspired me,” Reindahl says. “From that day, I knew I wanted to be a nurse.”When she left active duty in 2016, Reindahl applied to UW-Eau Claire for a nursing degree. And her final go
44、al will be achieved this month when she graduates.“I want to give back,” Reindahl says. “I love learning about science, and if that can save a life, or make the world better, then I want to help.”Dr. Megan Lagunas, assistant professor of the College of Nursing and Health Sciences, regards Reindahl a
45、s someone who will be an asset to the nursing profession.“Jessicas different background” allows her to bring her own perspective (视角) to nursing school which positively challenges everyone in those learning environments to think beyond their own viewpoint,” Lagunas says. “The nursing profession is l
46、ucky to have her.”56Why did Jessica Reindahl want to fly?ABecause she liked the feeling of flying.BBecause she wanted to serve her country.CBecause she decided to follow her father.DBecause she meant to give back to others.57What inspired Reindahl to be a nurse?AHer different background.BHer experie
47、nce with a nurse.CHer devotion to her country.DHer professors encouragement.58What does the underlined phrase “an asset” in Paragraph 7 refer to?AA lucky person.BA learned person.CA valuable person.DA powerful person.59What can we learn from Reindahls story?ALike father, like son.BRoses given, fragr
48、ance in hand.CGod helps those who help themselves.DNothing is impossible for a willing heart.（B）Grand Canyon National ParkLocated entirely in northern Arizona, the park covers 277 miles of the Colorado River and adjacent uplands. One of the most spectacular examples of erosion anywhere in the world,
49、 Grand Canyon is unmatched in the incomparable vistas it offers to visitors on the rim. Grand Canyon National Park is a World Heritage Site.Park Openings and ClosingsThe Village and Desert View on the South Rim are open all year and park entrances remain open 24 hours a day. North Rim facilities ope
50、n mid-May and close mid-October. Park entrances remain open 24 hours a day during this time. Hours for visitor centers and businesses vary throughout the year.Park InformationThe park produces a Pocket Map with a North Rim and South Rim edition that contains a map and information about services, fac
51、ilities, and park ranger programs. It is available in French, German, Japanese, Italian, Spanish, Korean, and Chinese. A hiking brochure is available for those planning to hike one of the parks main trails down into Grand Canyon. Obtain publications at entrance stations, visitor centers, or at go.np
52、s.gov/136ojl.AccessibilityMany of the facilities at Grand Canyon are historic and built before current accessibility standards were set. The terrain is rugged with narrow, rocky trails and steep cliffs. Visitors using wheelchairs or having visual impairments may need assistance. For more information
53、 about accessibility in Grand Canyon National Park, see go.nps.gov/1rtxl2.Park Entrance FeesFees collected support projects in the park. Admission to the park is $35 per private vehicle; $30 per motorcycle; and $20 per person entering the park via Grand Canyon Railway, park shuttle bus, private raft
54、ing trip, walking, or riding a bicycle. The pass can be used for seven days and includes both rims. Pay fees at park entrance stations or at some businesses outside the park. Every year the National Park Service offers entrance fee free days. For complete fee information, including Annual, Active Mi
55、litary, Senior, and Access passes, visit go.nps.gov/y5uu6f.SustainabilityGrand Canyon National Park incorporates sustainability into all aspects of its operations. Use your refillable water bottle to fill up on free Grand Canyon spring water at major trailheads, visitor centers and grocery stores. P
56、lease recycle recycling containers are conveniently located and as common as trash bins. Discover what else you can do to protect the environment while traveling here and beyond at go.nps.gov/1b2rzt.60People with physical disabilities can find detailed information on park facilities designed for the
57、m by visiting _.Ago.nps.gov/y5uu6fBgo.nps.gov/1rtxl2Cgo.nps.gov/136ojlDgo.nps.gov/1b2rzt61What is the admission fee if you and your parents plan to go on a ten-day vacation to Grand Canyon National Park by driving a car?A$35.B$60.C$70.D$120.62Which of the following statements is true according to th
58、e passage?AVisitors have year-round access to every corner of the national park.BHikers who can only speak Chinese cannot explore the North Rim without an interpreter.CThe Grand Canyon features is one of the worlds most visually breathtaking landscapes.DVisitors are forbidden to leave any trash in t
59、he National Park to maintain sustainability.(C)A seismic（地震的；重大的）shift in climate science might be heating up.New research shows that sound waves, produced by earthquakes can be used to measure temperatures in the ocean which traps 90% of the heat Earth absorbs from the sun，making long-term changes
60、in ocean warmth, a major factor in how the world might respond to global warming.For years the main approach of measuring ocean temperature has been Argo, an array（阵列）of 4000 automatic floats, which drifts the globe, sampling ocean water and measuring its temperature. Yet Argo measurements stop at 2
61、000 meters.The new technique called “Seismic Ocean Thermometry”, would be especially useful in detecting long-term changes in ocean temperatures deeper than Argos reach.“Ocean Acoustic Tomography”, the basis for the current research, was first tested nearly 30 years ago. The initial studies created
62、sound waves artificially, basically increasing the volume on giant underwater speakers. Scientists measured the sounds travel time from the speakers to receivers thousands of kilometers away. Because ocean temperatures affect the speed of the waves, the researchers could calculate average temperatur
63、es along their paths. But some believed the noise was a threat to ocean life and the technique never took off.The new study instead uses a natural sound source for investigation：earthquakes making a low, continuous noise beneath the seafloor off the coast of Sumatra that drum up sound waves in the o
64、cean. On the shores of the Chagos Islands in the East Indian Ocean, between 2005 and 2016 Seismic Station Diego Garcia recorded seismic waves produced by those earthquakes. Some of those waves created physical changes in land and sea as they traveled. Others were sound waves or T waves that moved th
65、rough the deep ocean, delivering valuable data about ocean temperature.12 years of data coupled with mathematical models pointed to a temperature change of roughly 0.044 degrees per decade, a trend larger than those predicted by Argo. The findings suggest that Seismic Ocean Thermometry is a feasible
66、 method to measure changes in ocean temperature. Further data from other regions of the globe and other timeframes would help improve the warning models and predictions.And in future studies the researchers plan to listen directly for sound waves, using a network of hydrophones, microphones which de
67、tect sound waves under water. Sound waves set the tone for a deep dive into our warming oceans even if they fail to reach 60000 miles under the sea?63What disadvantage does Argo have?AIts reach is limited.BIt takes long to collect samples.CIt doesnt work globally.DIts prediction isnt reliable at all
68、.64It can be learned that Ocean Acoustic Tomography _.Awas tested many times but never succeededBremained unpopular for fear of potential harmCwas assumed to be too complicated to be controllableDmeasured ocean temperature just as the new research does65It can be inferred from the new findings that
69、_.Asome warming is working its way deeper into the oceanBocean temperature is rising faster owing to earthquakesCsound travels faster in colder water than in hotter waterDsound waves will slow down the warming of the ocean66Which is the best title for the passage?ASound Waves First Applied to Climat
70、e Science.BNew Factors Found to Be Heating up the Ocean.CA Natural Approach Holding Back Global Warming.DOceans Hidden Heat Measured with Earthquake Sounds.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there a
71、re two sentences more than you need.AOver the course of five decades their guidelines have become widely accepted worldwide.BThe awareness of animal protection contributes to the decline of the number.CHuman volunteers must be able to replace monkeys more and more in the next 10 to 20 years.DNew exp
72、erimental techniques help to push numbers down.E.Its supporters point to the long list of medical advances made possible with the help of animal research.F.The number of the animals used in research is still considerable.Will Experimentation on Animals End?One of the most debatable issues in science
73、 is the use of animals in research. Scientists experiment on animals for different reasons, including basic research to explore how organisms function, investigating potential treatments for human disease, and safety and quality control testing of drugs, devices and other products.67However, opponen
74、ts believe it is cruel and meaningless, as observations in animals often do not translate directly to humans.In 1959, William Russell and Rex Burch proposed their “3Rs” guidelines for making the use of animals in scientific research more humane: restrict the use of animals; refine experiments to min
75、imize distress; and replace tests with alternative techniques. 68 Around 29 million animals per year are currently used in experiments in the U.S. and Europeans Union countries. This is less than half the total in the mid-1970s a significant drop.69Improvements in imaging methods that offer a look i
76、nside the bodies of animals allow scientists to get more and better data from each experiment than before.For example, researchers previously had to do experiments with multiple mice at different stages of cancer development, but now they can watch the disease develop in a single living animal using
77、 a dye. Similarly, as brain-imaging techniques become more advanced, some questions that were addressed with experiments in monkeys before may be better answered by looking into the human brain now. “70” says Larry Carbone, a senior veterinarian(兽医) at the University of California in San Francisco.S
78、ection DDirections : Read the following passage , Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words . Use your own words as far as possible.Herbal MedicineNothing in my life had prepared me for what I had to do. Choosing my words carefully, and fighting to stay calm
79、, I told my 4-year-old daughter that her grandmother had suffered a stroke（中风），that she was unconscious, and that the doctors said she would probably never wake up. As she moved closer to me, Amelia looked at me, eyes bright, and said, “Maybe Grandma will be okay.” “Maybe she will,” I said, keeping
80、back the tears, But I knew better. I was flying up to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, from our Florida home in the morning to say good-bye to my mom.The rest of that awful week, I joined my brother and father sitting by my mothers side in the hospital room. I held her hand and talked to her. I told he
81、r that we still needed her. I told her that it wasnt time to leave yet. I told her how much I loved her. And I told her that her little granddaughter, Amelia, believed that shed get better. The doctors, with all their years of training and experience, offered no hope for recovery. The damage was sim
82、ply too extensive.Then, a couple of weeks later, an odd thing happened. Mom woke up. She regained consciousness. Persevered through a long and tough recovery, during which she had to learn to walk, read, and write all over again, and eventually returned home to Dad. The only one who wasnt shocked wa
83、s Amerlia. The doctors couldnt explain it. Amelia didnt need to. Hope came as naturally to her as breathings.So why are we so afraid to hope sometimes? Maybe its because over the year, lifes disappointments can turn us to disillusionment（理想破灭）. How many times have you heard someone say: “Hope for th
84、e best, expect the worst”? Thats not really hope at all.Hope is being able to look at our world with all of the joy and wonder of a child.第II卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72新颁布的这项政策旨在抑制一路攀升的房价，实现教育公平。（intend）73大家
85、一致认为，和强健的体格、敏锐的大脑一样，高尚的品格是当代年轻人成才的必备条件之一。(agreement) 74这位刚毕业的年轻老师特别热爱这份工作，不断地追求卓越，所以同事们都寄予他厚望。（pursue）75我们有必要确认小区每个来访者的身份。（necessary）II. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启学校的高三年级学生李磊，你校的英语报正在征集宣传垃圾分类(cla
86、ssify the garbage)的口号与具体措施。请就此写一篇稿件。你的稿件必须包括:= 你设计的口号及其含义；= 你的校园垃圾分类建议(注:文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。)_2021上海市高考压轴卷英 语【答案】第I卷第一大题。1-5 DBDDB 6-10 CDCDC 11-15 CDBDD 16-20 BCDAD第二大题每小题1分。共26分。语法填空21matched22with23has been shadowed24nothing25to secure26where27mentioned28publicizing29what30however选词填空(31-40)31I32D3
87、3J34C35G36E37B38A39H40F第三大题第51至65小题，每题1分；第66至77小题，每题2分；第78至81小题，每题2分。共47分。41C42B43D44A45C46B47D48C49A50C51B52D53B54A55C阅读理解：A篇56A57B58C59DB篇:60B61C62CC篇：63A64B65A66D六选四：67E68A69D70C71. Summary writing Doctors were pessimistic about my mother s stroke while my little daughter, Amelia, full of hope. I
88、 passed on Amelias hope when our family gathered to bid farewell to her n hospital Incredibly, she recovered and came back home after a period of restoration Everyone was astonished except Amelia. Hope does bring people in trouble amazement. (55 words)第二卷I72. The policy (which was) newly released is
89、 intended to curb (/control) the ever-rising housing price and achieve education equality.The newly-issued policy is intended to curb (/control/regulate/restrain) the ever-rising (/soaring) housing price and achieve education equality.73. Everyone has come to an agreement that a noble personality as
90、 well as a strong body and a sharp mind is one of the requirements that young people today should meet to become talents.74. The young teacher who just graduated loves the job and pursues excellence constantly, so his colleagues have high hopes for him.75. It is necessary for us to confirm/check the
91、 identity of every visitor to the neighbourhood/residence/housing estate.II76. 【答案】The slogan I design for this event is “Classifying garbage for our future!” The huge amount of garbage brings serious environmental pollution problems. Though garbage classification we can reduce the trash and help pr
92、otect the environment, which will give us a brighter future.But garbage classification is more than a slogan. We can hold some activities such as quiz games to raise the students awareness of it. Having classes in which students can learn how to correctly classify the trash is very important. And it
93、 will be great if we can put some waste containers in different colors. On the one hand, it will remind students of throwing the garbage in the right dustbins and on the other hand students will have a chance to practice what they have learned about garbage classification.【解析】第I卷第一大题。第二大题每小题1分。共26分。
94、语法填空(21-30)这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了英国科学家的一项发现：莱斯特市的一个停车场地下挖掘出的遗骸是15世纪英格兰国王查理三世，通过对此研究，解开了长达五百年的谜团。21【答案】matched【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这幅骸骨的DNA与查理三世一名姐妹的后代相匹配，骨骼上的战斗损伤与当代的描述一致。分析可知，“and”表达并列关系，连接前后两个句子，由此可知，所填动词应是前句的谓语动词，结合后句谓语“had”为一般过去时可知，所填动词所在句应是一般过去时。故填matched。22【答案】matched【解析】考查介词。句意：这幅骸骨的DNA与查理三世一名姐妹的后代相匹配，骨骼上
95、的战斗损伤与当代的描述一致。“(be) consistent with”，固定短语，意为“符合；与一致”。故填with。23【答案】has been shadowed【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这一发现在历史学家中引起了极大的兴奋，因为它提供了一个确凿的证据，证明一个统治者的生活一直被关于他自1485年在博斯沃思战役中死亡以来冷血无情的谣言所掩盖，尽管有官方记录。分析可知，所填动词应是定语从句“whose life _23 _ (shadow), in spite of official records, by rumours concerning his cold blood sinc
96、e his death at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485.”中的谓语动词，结合时间状语“since his death at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485”可知，应是现在完成时，且动词“shadow(在上投下或覆盖阴影)”与主语“whose life”之间为被动关系，应是现在完成时被动结构：have/has been done，且主语“whose life”为第三人称单数。故填has been shadowed。24【答案】nothing【解析】考查代词。句意：然后王冠传给了都铎王朝的统治者，他们把理查德描绘成一个丑陋的坏人，在
97、追求权力的过程中不惜一切代价，甚至谋杀了他的两个年轻的侄子，即所谓的塔中王子，以获得权力。“stop at nothing”是固定短语，意为“不惜一切代价；毫无顾忌”。故填nothing。25【答案】to secure【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然后王冠传给了都铎王朝的统治者，他们把理查德描绘成一个丑陋的坏人，在追求权力的过程中不惜一切代价，甚至谋杀了他的两个年轻的侄子，即所谓的塔中王子，以获得权力。分析可知，“_25_ (secure) the power”在句中作目的状语，用动词不定式表达。故填to secure。26【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：搜寻他的尸体始于几年前，
98、当时考古学家开始在据说埋葬国王的市政停车场下挖掘。分析可知，“_26_ the king was supposedly buried”为之前名词短语“the municipal carpark(市政停车场)”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。27【答案】mentioned【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：可能是疼痛，导致他的右肩显得比左肩高，但没有莎士比亚理查三世中提到的畸形手臂的证据。分析可知，句子谓语为“was”，所填动词应是非谓语作之前名词短语“the deformed arm(畸形的手臂)”的后置定语，动词“mention(提及)”与其之间为被
99、动关系，应是过去分词形式。故填mentioned。28【答案】publicizing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：历史学家现在希望澄清一些关于理查德的神话，公开证据来反驳他杀害了两位年轻王子的说法。分析可知，句子谓语为“hope”，所填动词应是非谓语在句中作状语，动词“publicize(宣传；公布)”与主语“Historians(历史学家)”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填publicizing。29【答案】what【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他们打算把重点放在理查德在他短暂的两年统治中取得的成就上，包括建立一个法律援助系统。分析可知，“_29_ Richard achieved in
100、 his brief two-year ruling”为之前动词短语“focus on”的宾语从句，从句中动词“achieved(达到；取得)”缺少宾语，应用what引导。故填what。30【答案】however【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：根据理查德三世协会成员菲利帕兰利的说法，无论理查德三世在过去看起来有多残忍，一个新的国王形象将会出现。分析可知，设空所在句“_30_ cruel Richard III appeared to be in the past(理查三世在过去残忍)”提及的“残忍形象”与后文“a new image will emerge of the king(国王的新形象
101、将会出现)”构成转折关系，设空句为让步状语从句。结合空后的形容词“cruel”可知，应是“However+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”句式结构，其中“however”意为“无论多么”。故填however。选词填空(31-40)这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了美国得克萨斯州一所高中的学生开了一家经营善行的商店。31【答案】I【解析】考查动词。句意：去年11月，桑格市琳达塔特高中的学生开设了一家杂货店，让学生可以使用积分制购买厕纸、肉类和基本食品等必需品。分析句子可知，enable sb. to do sth.（使某人能够做某事），此处用动词原形形式，purchase “购买”为动词，符合句意。故选I项
102、。32【答案】D【解析】考查副词。句意：“在我们的学区，大约有2750名学生入学，在整个学区，43%的学生被认为是经济上处于不利地位，”琳达塔特的校长安东尼洛夫告诉CNN。分析句子可知， 此处用副词修饰2, 750 students enrolled，roughly “大约”为副词，符合句意。故选D项。33【答案】J【解析】考查形容词。句意：“在我们的学区，大约有2750名学生入学，在整个学区，43%的学生被认为是经济上处于不利地位，”琳达塔特的校长安东尼洛夫告诉CNN。分析句子可知，be considered + adj.（被认为），disadvantaged “弱势的”为形容词，符合句意。
103、故选J项。34【答案】C【解析】考查动词原形。句意：我们认为重要的是要支持他们和他们的家人，确保他们的餐桌上有食物。分析句子可知，it is + adj. to do sth.，此处用动词原形形式，support “支持”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。35【答案】G【解析】考查动名词。句意：学生通过对学校的积极贡献而获得分数。分析句子可知，by doing sth.（通过做某事），此处用动名词（doing）形式，contributing “贡献”为动名词，符合句意。故选G项。36【答案】E【解析】考查语态。句意：每个项目的分数实际上是由学生分配的。分析句子可知，结合was可知，主语The num
104、ber of points for each item和谓语动词assign是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态（was done），assigned “分配”为过去分词，符合句意。故选E项。37【答案】B【解析】考查过去分词。句意：华雷斯说，他希望这个想法能在其他领域得到实施。分析句子可知，gets是系动词，主语the idea和谓语动词implement是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态（is/gets done），implemented “实施”为过去分词，符合句意。故选B项。38【答案】A【解析】考查形容词。句意：除了经济利益，学生们还学习供应管理和客户服务，这些课程可以让他们为将来的工
105、作做好准备。分析句子可知，此处用形容词作定语，修饰名词benefits，financial “经济的”为形容词，符合句意。故选A项。39【答案】H【解析】考查名词。句意：桑格市长托马斯缪尔也对这家商店的做法表示欢迎。分析句子可知，此处用名词作主语，practice “做法”为名词，符合句意。故选H项。40【答案】F【解析】考查形容词。句意：我想这对他们也会有帮助，也能满足眼前的需要。分析句子可知，此处用形容词作定语，修饰名词need，immediate “当前的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。第三大题第51至65小题，每题1分；第66至77小题，每题2分；第78至81小题，每题2分。共47分。
106、本文是一篇说明文。文章通过科学研究来说明猩猩与人类一样，随着年龄变大，他们所交的朋友类型也会发生变化，年老时喜欢选择少数几个亲近的又积极活跃的朋友。41【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了白发和皮肤起皱外，还有随年龄增长而来的情绪变化。A. physical身体的；B. intellectual智力的；C. emotional感情的；D. functional实用的。根据“According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more _
107、53_ relationships because they are aware that time is running out.”可知，人类随年龄增长而带来情绪变化。故选C。42【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人到了晚年，他们更喜欢长期的朋友，他们的社交圈减少了。A. habits习惯；B. friends朋友；C. tasks任务；D. ideas想法。根据“Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their _44
108、_ friends at the expense of other relationships.”可知，当人到了晚年更喜欢长期的朋友。故选B。43【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，科学家们似乎首次在另一个物种身上发现了同样的行为。A. problem问题；B. obstacle障碍；C. struggle奋斗；D. behaviour行为。根据“Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their _44_ friends
109、 at the expense of other relationships.”可知，科学家发现黑猩猩的行为和人类的行为相似。故选D。44【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对黑猩猩长达20年的观察表明，年长的雄性选择与已有的朋友保持联系，而牺牲其他关系。A. established建立的；B. respective各自的；C. experienced有经验的；D. thoughtful体贴的。根据“at the expense of other relationships.”可知，年长的黑猩猩选择与已建立关系的朋友保持联系而牺牲其他关系。故选A。45【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析
110、。句意：研究人员研究了1996年至2016年期间进行的7.8万个小时的观察，这些观察跟踪了21只15至58岁雄性黑猩猩的社会互动。A. skills技巧；B. reputations名声；C. interactions相互作用；D. positions位置。根据“The researchers studied 78,000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016”可知，研究人员跟踪研究了黑猩猩的社会互动。故选C。46【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们根据黑猩猩与其他黑猩猩坐在一起和为它们梳理毛发的时间长短来划分黑猩猩之间的关
111、系。A. intelligence智力；B. relationships关系；C. popularity流行；D. performances表现。根据“They then rated (分类) the various pairings as mutual (相互的) friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship;”可知，研究人员通过观察来了解黑猩猩之间的关系。故选B。47【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：单方面的友谊，其中一只黑猩猩比另一只更愿意成为朋友。A. easy-going随和的；B. warm
112、-hearted热心的；C. self-relying自力更生的；D. one-sided片面的。根据“where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other;”可知，这是单方面的友谊。故选D。48【答案】C【解析】考查短语词义辨析。句意：以及非友谊，即两只黑猩猩都没有对对方表现出兴趣。A. respect for尊敬；B. courage to勇气；C. interest in兴趣；D. loyalty to忠诚。show interest in对有兴趣。根据“_47_ friendships, where one chimp w
113、as more keen to be friends than the other;”和“and non-friendships,”可知，两只黑猩猩没有友谊就对彼此之间没有兴趣。故选C。49【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当科学家们观察友谊的模式时，他们发现年长的黑猩猩比年轻的黑猩猩有更多的共同友谊，而更少的是单方面的友谊。A. patterns模式；B. importance重要性；C. meanings意义；D. development发展。根据“they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fe
114、wer one-sided friendships than younger chimps.”可知，这里指科学家们观察黑猩猩的友谊模式。故选A。50【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：老年人类的另一个特征也出现在黑猩猩身上。A. instinct直觉；B. disadvantage缺点；C. feature特色；D. belief信念。根据“Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same _43_ in another species.”可知，这里指研究人员发现老年人类的另一个特征也出现在
115、黑猩猩身上。故选C。51【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着雄性年龄的增长，它们的攻击性会逐渐减弱，这意味着它们开始很少打架，也不会经常威胁群体中的其他成员。A. responsibility责任；B. aggression侵犯；C. reliability可靠性；D. advancement进步。根据“meaning they started fewer fights and tended to threaten others in their group less often.”可知，雄性黑猩猩随着年龄的增长攻击性会逐渐减弱。故选B。52【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意
116、：这些观察让研究人员感到困惑。A. delighted高兴的；B. amused愉快的；C. relived再生的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据“According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more _53_ relationships because they are aware that time is running out. However many animal experts argue that chimpanzees _
117、54_ the human sense of mortality (死亡), suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.”可知，研究人员对这些观察感到困惑。故选D。53【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据心理学上被称为社会情感选择性理论的观点，老年人更喜欢积极的关系，因为他们意识到时间不多了。A. unknown未知的；B. positive积极的；C. insecure不安全的；D. senseless无意义的。根据“because they are aware that time is running out.”可知，
118、老年人因为意识到时间不多了，更喜欢积极的关系。故选B。54【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，许多动物专家认为，黑猩猩缺乏人类的死亡意识，这表明有其他因素驱动着这种行为。A. lack缺乏；B. obtain获得；C. imitate仿效；D. abandon抛弃。根据“suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.”可知，动物专家认为黑猩猩缺乏人类的死亡意识。故选A。55【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：牛津大学进化心理学教授罗宾邓巴表示，就人类而言，随着年龄的增长，社交圈的减少是由于缺少机会，人们走出去和他人见面的
119、动机下降。A. absence from缺；B. isolation from疏远；C. decrease in减少；D. distinction in区分。根据“due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity.”可知，人类随着年龄的增长，社交圈的减少是由于缺乏机会而减少的。故选C。阅读理解：A篇这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Jessica Reindahl的三个梦想，以及它们实现的过程。56【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“I wanted t
120、o fly because I just loved the excitement to get off-deck and in the air.（我想要飞翔，因为我喜欢从甲板上起飞，在空中飞翔的感觉），可知Jessica Reindahl想坐飞机是因为她喜欢飞的感觉，故选A。57【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“I saw how devoted and present they were with the care of their patients and it completely inspired me,” Reindahl says. “From that day, I k
121、new I wanted to be a nurse.”(“我看到他们对病人的关怀是多么的投入和真诚，这完全激励了我，”Reindahl说。“从那天起，我就知道我想成为一名护士。”)”可知，和护士相处的经历激励Reindahl想要成为一名护士。故选B。58【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“Jessicas different background” allows her to bring her own perspective (视角) to nursing school which positively challenges everyone in those learnin
122、g environments to think beyond their own viewpoint,( “Jessica的不同背景”使她能够将自己的观点带到护理学校，这对那些学习环境中的每个人都提出了积极的挑战，让他们超越自己的观点)” 可知，Dr. Megan Lagunas认为Jessica是一个有价值的人，所以 an asset 意思是“有价值的人”。故选C。59【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。阅读文章内容，并根据第三段“Reindahls first two dreams came true during a nine-year service in the U.S. Navy. (在
123、美国海军服役九年期间，Reindahl的头两个梦想实现了。)和后文描述可知，Jessica Reindahl通过自己的努力实现了自己的梦想，由此可知，通过她的故事，我们学到“有志者事竟成”。A. Like father, like son. 有其父，必有其子；B. Roses given, fragrance in hand.赠人玫瑰，手留余香；C. God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助；D. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. 有志者事竟成。结合选项可知，选项D切题。故选D。B篇:这是一篇应用文
124、。文章主要介绍了大峡谷国家公园的一些情况，包括开放时间、公园信息、设施和门票费用等信息。60【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“For more information about accessibility in Grand Canyon National Park, see go.nps.gov/1rtxl2.(更多关于大峡谷国家公园的无障碍设施信息，请参见go.nps.gov/1rtxl2)”可知，残障人士可登入go.nps.gov/1rtxl2查询有关公园设施的详细资料。故选B。61【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Admission to the park is
125、 $35 per private vehicle(公园门票为每辆私家车35美元)”；“The pass can be used for seven days(通行证可以使用7天)”以及“Every year the National Park Service offers entrance fee free days.(每年，国家公园管理局都提供免门票日)”可知，如果你和你的父母打算开车去大峡谷国家公园度假十天，门票是35+35=70美元。故选C。62【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“One of the most spectacular examples of erosion an
126、ywhere in the world, Grand Canyon is unmatched in the incomparable vistas it offers to visitors on the rim. Grand Canyon National Park is a World Heritage Site.(作为世界上最壮观的侵蚀例子之一，大峡谷为游客提供了无与伦比的美景。大峡谷国家公园是世界遗产)”可知，C选项“大峡谷是世界上最令人叹为观止的风景之一”正确。故选C。C篇：这是一篇说明文。文章通过一项新的研究介绍了地震产生的声波可以用来测量海洋的温度。63【答案】A【解析】细节理解
127、题。根据第三段中“For years the main approach of measuring ocean temperature has been Argo, an array（阵列）of 4000 automatic floats, which drifts the globe, sampling ocean water and measuring its temperature. Yet Argo measurements stop at 2000 meters.(多年来，测量海洋温度的主要方法是Argo，这是一个由4000个自动漂浮物组成的阵列，它在地球上漂流，对海水进行取样并测量
128、其温度。然而Argo的测量在2000米就停止了。)”可知，Argo的缺点是它影响范围有限。故选A项。64【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Ocean Acoustic Tomography, the basis for the current research, was first tested nearly 30 years ago. (海洋声学层析成像是目前研究的基础，首次测试是在近30年前。)”和“But some believed the noise was a threat to ocean life and the technique never took off. (但
129、一些人认为，这种噪音对海洋生物构成了威胁，这项技术从未得到推广。)”可知，“海洋声学层析成像”由于害怕潜在的伤害而不受欢迎。故选B项。65【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Some of those waves created physical changes in land and sea as they traveled. Others were sound waves or T waves that moved through the deep ocean, delivering valuable data about ocean temperature.(其中一些波在移动
130、时造成了陆地和海洋的物理变化。另一些是声波或T波，它们在深海中移动，传递有关海洋温度的宝贵数据。)”倒数第二段中“12 years of data coupled with mathematical models pointed to a temperature change of roughly 0.044 degrees per decade, a trend larger than those predicted by Argo.( 12年的数据加上数学模型表明，温度变化大约为每10年0.044度，这一趋势比Argo预测的要大。)”可知，从新发现可以推断一些变暖正在向海洋深处蔓延。故选A
131、项。66【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段“New research shows that sound waves, produced by earthquakes can be used to measure temperatures in the ocean which traps 90% of the heat Earth absorbs from the sun，making long-term changes in ocean warmth, a major factor in how the world might respond to global warming
132、.(新的研究表明，地震产生的声波可以用来测量海洋的温度，海洋的温度能吸收地球从太阳吸收的90%的热量，使海洋温度发生长期变化，这是世界如何应对全球变暖的主要因素。)”可知，本文主要通过一项新的研究介绍了地震产生的声波可以用来测量海洋的温度。选项D“海洋隐藏的热量通过地震的声波测量”突出文章主题，适合做标题。故选D项。六选四：这是一篇议论文。动物实验会结束吗？文章介绍了动物试验这一现象，并指出新技术的进步有助于降低试验动物的数量。在未来，人类的试验会越来越多取代动物试验。67【答案】E【解析】根据下文“However, opponents believe it is cruel and mean
133、ingless, as observations in animals often do not translate directly to humans. (然而，反对者认为这是残忍和没有意义的，因为对动物的观察往往不能直接转化为人类。)”可知，此处与下文形成转折，内容与支持在研究中使用动物试验的支持者的观点有关，选项E“Its supporters point to the long list of medical advances made possible with the help of animal research. (它的支持者指出，在动物研究的帮助下，医学取得了许多进步。)”
134、符合题意。故选E。68【答案】A【解析】根据上文“In 1959, William Russell and Rex Burch proposed their “3Rs” guidelines for making the use of animals in scientific research more humane (1959年，William Russell和Rex Burch提出了他们的“3Rs”准则，以使在科学研究中使用动物更人道)”和下文“Around 29 million animals per year are currently used in experiments in
135、the U.S. and Europeans Union countries. (目前，美国和欧盟国家每年大约有2900万只动物被用于实验。)”可知，选项A中的their guidelines指的是上文的“3Rs”准则，此处内容与William Russell和Rex Burch的“3Rs”准则被接受的范围有关，因此选项A“Over the course of five decades their guidelines have become widely accepted worldwide. (在过去的五十年中，他们的指导方针已在世界范围内被广泛接受。)”符合题意。故选A。69【答案】D【
136、解析】根据下文“Improvements in imaging methods that offer a look inside the bodies of animals allow scientists to get more and better data from each experiment than before. (成像方法的改进可以让科学家们看到动物的身体内部，这使他们从每次实验中获得比以前更多更好的数据。)”可知，此处内容与新技术对动物试验的帮助有关，选项D“New experimental techniques help to push numbers down. (新的
137、实验技术有助于降低数字。)”符合题意。New experimental techniques呼应Improvements in imaging methods。故选D。70【答案】C【解析】根据上文“Similarly, as brain-imaging techniques become more advanced, some questions that were addressed with experiments in monkeys before may be better answered by looking into the human brain now. (同样，随着大脑成
138、像技术的发展，一些以前在猴子身上做的实验所解决的问题，现在通过研究人类大脑可能会得到更好的答案。)”可知，此处是Larry Carbone说的话，内容与在未来，人类的试验会越来越多取代动物试验有关，选项C“Human volunteers must be able to replace monkeys more and more in the next 10 to 20 years. (未来10到20年，人类志愿者必须能够越来越多地取代猴子。)”符合题意。Similarly, as brain-imaging techniques呼应 in the next 10 to 20 years。故选
139、C。 71.Summary writing【答案】Doctors were pessimistic about my mother s stroke while my little daughter, Amelia, full of hope. I passed on Amelias hope when our family gathered to bid farewell to her n hospital Incredibly, she recovered and came back home after a period of restoration Everyone was aston
140、ished except Amelia. Hope does bring people in trouble amazement. (55 words)【解析】本篇书面表达是概述写作。读完所给文章后用不多于60个词总结文章要点，要用自己的语言，不能用文章的原句。文章讲述了作者的母亲突然中风昏迷，当作者小心翼翼把这一消息告诉自己的女儿时，女儿却充满希望地说：奶奶会好的。女儿的希望成真，作者的母亲真的苏醒了，最终回了家。作者由此生发感概：希望给了我们惊喜，叫世界充满奇迹。【详解】写作步骤：1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。2）弄清要求。这篇概要写作是写全文概要，
141、不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果
142、结构上也能有一些转换会更好。（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。本篇概要写作的原文是记叙文。是作者对自己家庭所发生故事的讲述，最后是议。所以，写作时一是要写出事情的主要经过：母亲突然生病、女儿的反应和我听了女儿的话后的作为，最后经过锻炼和复健，母亲回家了。二是要写出作者的“议”。事件的基本过程为主，议是总结和升华。【点睛】范文对原文要点的理解正确和呈现完整；应用语法结构和词汇准确；上下文连贯；要点表达独立。涵盖了全部要求，完全使用了自己的语言，准确使用了相应的语法结构和词汇，所写内容与所提供内容密切相关，没有出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。 第II卷第一大题第1至3小题，每题4分；第4至5
143、小题，每题5分。共22分。72【答案】The policy newly released is intended to curb /control the ever-rising housing price and achieve education equality.【解析】考查动词、短语和名词。根据汉语提示可知，本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。“这项政策”为特指，译为名词短语The policy，为句子主语，“新颁布的”译为newly released，为主语的后置定语；“旨在”译为动词短语be intended to，为句子谓语动词；“抑制”译为动词 curb或control ；“一路
144、攀升的房价”译为名词短语the ever-rising housing price，作curb或control的宾语；“实现”译为动词achieve；“教育公平”译为短语education equality，作achieve的宾语。结合其他汉语提示，故译为The policy newly released is intended to curb /control the ever-rising housing price and achieve education equality.73【答案】Everyone has come to an agreement that a noble per
145、sonality as well as a strong body and a sharp mind is one of the requirements that young people today should meet to become talents.【解析】考查固定短语、同位语从句和定语从句。结合句意表示“大家”应用不定代词everyone，作主语；表示“一致认为”短语为come to an agreement，主句用现在完成时；agreement后跟同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that引导，从句用一般现在时；从句中表示“高尚的品格”应用a noble perso
146、nality，作主语；表示“和一样”短语为as well as；表示“强健的体格”短语为strong body；表示“敏锐的大脑”短语为a sharp mind；表示“之一”短语为“one of+可数名词复数”；表示“条件”可用名词requirement，作定语从句的先行词，用that引导；从句中主语为young people；表示“必备”可用动词meet，should后跟动词原形；表示“成才”可翻译为become talents。故翻译为Everyone has come to an agreement that a noble personality as well as a strong
147、 body and a sharp mind is one of the requirements that young people today should meet to become talents.74【答案】The young teacher who just graduated loves the job and pursues excellence constantly, so his colleagues have high hopes for him.【解析】考查句子结构，主谓宾句型以及复合句。表示“这位刚毕业的年轻老师”可用形容词和定语从句修饰名词，表达为the youn
148、g teacher who just graduated；表示动宾结构“热爱这份工作”为love the job；表示“不断追求卓越”为pursue excellence constantly；表示“所以同事们都寄予他厚望”由从属连词so引导从句为so his colleagues have high hopes for him。除定语从句中谓语为一般过去时，动词为过去式外，其他谓语动词均为一般现在时，注意主谓一致，句首字母大写，故翻译为The young teacher who just graduated loves the job and pursues excellence const
149、antly, so his colleagues have high hopes for him.75【答案】It is necessary for us to confirm/check the identity of every visitor to the neighbourhood/residence/housing estate.【解析】考查形容词、it作形式主语和动词。根据英文提示可知，表示“某人有必要做某事”应用it is necessary for sb to do sth，it做形式主语，动词不定式做真正主语。表示“确认”可用动词confirm或check，表示“身份”应用名
150、词identity，表示“来访者”应用名词visitor，表示“去某地的访客”应用to spl修饰，表示“小区”应用名词neighbourhood/residence/housing estate。再结合其它句意，故翻译为“It is necessary for us to confirm/check the identity of every visitor to the neighbourhood/residence/housing estate.”。第二大题共25分。76.【答案】The slogan I design for this event is “Classifying gar
151、bage for our future!” The huge amount of garbage brings serious environmental pollution problems. Though garbage classification we can reduce the trash and help protect the environment, which will give us a brighter future.But garbage classification is more than a slogan. We can hold some activities
152、 such as quiz games to raise the students awareness of it. Having classes in which students can learn how to correctly classify the trash is very important. And it will be great if we can put some waste containers in different colors. On the one hand, it will remind students of throwing the garbage
153、in the right dustbins and on the other hand students will have a chance to practice what they have learned about garbage classification.【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一篇关于垃圾分类宣传的稿件。第一步：根据提示可知，本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一篇关于垃圾分类宣传的稿件，时态应为一般现在时。关键要点如下：（1）你设计的口号及其含义；（2）你的校园垃圾分类建议.第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，如：the slogan is（口号是），提升垃圾分类的意
154、识（raise awareness of garbage classification），正确地进行垃圾分类（correctly classify the trash）等。第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。【点睛】本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，符合作文要求，其中不乏亮点句型。定语从句的使用Though garbage classification we can reduce the trash and help prot
155、ect the environment, which will give us a brighter future.非谓语动词的使用Having classes in which students can learn how to correctly classify the trash is very important.固定句型的使用On the one hand, it will remind students of throwing the garbage in the right dustbins and on the other hand students will have a
156、chance to practice what they have learned about garbage classification.听力原文1【原文】W: How far away do you live from the university, John?M: Its about a 15 minutes drive. But during rush hours, it will take another 10 minutes.Q: How long does it take John to go to the university during rush hours?2【原文】M
157、: Good afternoon, madam. What can I do for you?W: Yes. My sister is expecting a baby and I want to get her something special.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?3【原文】M: A little bird told me that you got promoted. You must be very excited.W: Not really. The new office is nice, bu
158、t the workload has doubled.Q: What does the woman think of her new job?4【原文】W: How long will it take this sofa to get to my apartment?M: Well, it all depends. I have to ask our delivering department to confirm it.Q: What is most probably the man?5【原文】W: Sam, which optional course will you take this
159、semester?M: Film studies, I guess. But Ill consider French as an alternative.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?6【原文】M: You know what, Jenny? The Green Earth Foundation turned down my application!W: Oh, dont take it so hard. You can always find another chance to make a difference to the envi
160、ronment.Q: What does the woman mean?7【原文】W: Thanks for taking the time to look at the first draft of my paper.M: Thats Okay. Ive marked several pages where you apparently copied some other sources, but didnt mention where you found it.Q: According to the man, what will the woman need to do?8【原文】W: I
161、s there an ATM machine in this department store?M: Yes, there is. Its right there on the left side of the entrance. But I remember seeing an “out-of-order” sign on it.Q: What does the man imply?9【原文】W: What do you think of my new shoes, Dad？M: Hmmm. if I were you, I wouldnt bother to try them on.Q:
162、What does the man mean?10【原文】W: Did you read todays newspaper? I heard there is something about a new miracle drug.M: I did read an article about medical researchers being on the edge of a major breakthrough.Q: What does the man mean?11-13【原文】Being a stay-at-home dad now is much more different than
163、it was 10 years ago. Its no longer something new. You can see them all the time. A new study finds that in the U. S. more than two million fathers are staying at home to take care of the house and family. This number is twice that of 25 years ago. In 2012, 16 percent of all parents in the U. S. were
164、 stay-at-home dads.A research shows the number of dads staying at home will continue to grow. In the last 25 years there have been changes. Dads are taking on more responsibilities for taking care of the children. Mothers, however, take on more responsibilities for supporting the family. The researc
165、h also points out that dads have spent much more hours caring for their kids in the past decades. That is a huge change.The study finds that disability, sickness and unemployment are among the reasons that fathers stay home. But, some fathers do so simply to spend more time with their children.Blake
166、 Humphreys is a big, strong man. He and his wife have two kids, a 10-year-old son named Aiden and a nine-year-old daughter named Camille. He has been a stay-at-home dad for the past ten years since his son was born. Blake became a stay-at-home parent for the same reason many women do. He made less m
167、oney than his wife.When asked about the most difficult part of being a stay-at-home dad, Blake says feeling lonely and short of friends. He really misses the happy time with colleagues at his former job. There is also another problem. Even though the number of stay-at-home fathers is growing in the
168、U.S., stay-at-home dads can still face worries about their self-worth. Blake and other stay-at-home dads expressed their feelings of anxiety. But Blake admits spending time with his children is valuable and he really enjoys it.Questions:11. Which reason for fathers stay at home is NOT mentioned in t
169、he study?12. Why did Blake become a stay-at-home parent?13. According to Blake, what is the most difficult part of being a stay-at-home dad?14-16【原文】Choosing what to wear can be a tricky problem, especially if youre a fashion victim. Trying to keep up with the latest styles involves regular visits t
170、o the shops and sometimes spending a lot on expensive designer clothes. But when the fashion changes, these clothes are left in the back of cupboards gathering dust, or just get thrown away.Many stores now offer cheap “fast fashion”, that is low-price items that copy the styles of more expensive des
171、igner brands. Environmentalists are angered by the amount of energy involved in making these clothes. And many of them are even made from non-recyclable materials. This means that items are just burnt or go into landfill.Recently, the fashion industry has led to a new crop of biomaterials. For examp
172、le, a leather-like substance is made from pineapple leaves. And the root structure of mushrooms is being used to create food, packaging and cloth.But creating sustainable cloth is only part of the battle, which means buying second hand and fewer clothes are the obvious environmentally friendly choic
173、es. An expert advised us not to buy any item of clothing unless we wear it at least three years.Questions:14. What is the speaker mainly talking about?15. Why are environmentalists angry about “fast fashion”?16. What can we know about the sustainable cloth?17-20【原文】M: I got a promotion today as the
174、new supervisor of the Marketing Department.W: Wow, this is great news! You have a lot of experience with this company. They will be very helpful to you!M: I know. However, I have never supervised people before. Im a little nervous.W: You will do fine. You are a natural leader, and you will lead well
175、.M: You think so, Lucy?W: I know so. You are always good at coaching people. First, being a supervisor means building a good team where members work well with each other, right?M: Right. If members of a team do not understand their own tasks as well as the tasks of their teammates, it will be a mess
176、.W: Things will not always run smoothly. There will be problem employees. So you also need to know how to coach, or even how to discipline, right?M: Right. This is the worst part of being a supervisor. You need to be strong and wise enough to cope with problem employees, and even be “mean” enough to
177、 discipline them.W: Things will change, and your department needs to be able to adapt to changes, right?M: Yes, technological changes happen every day. I need to get my employees ready for changes as well as to stimulate the need for change sometimes.W: You need to set an example for your employees.
178、 Therefore, you should have a good understanding of your responsibilities, work hard and work well with others, be alert to changes, and what matters most is to understand the values and goals of your company.M: Thanks for the note of confidence, Lucy.W: You are welcome, Tom.Questions：17. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?18. Why is the man worried about his promotion?19. Why does the woman think the man is a natural leader?20. According to the woman, what is the most important thing the man should do as a team leader?