1、选 择 性 必 修第一册 Unit 5 Revealing nature英 语 2023高 考 总 复 习 优 化 设 计 GAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI 内 容 索 引背主题词汇 积写作素材通词句 基础自测提能力 增分课堂研真题链接高考测效果 课堂评价背主题词汇 积写作素材 主题:探索自然 单词生物1.animal n.动物2.dragon n.龙3.species n.物种4.extinction n.灭绝5.population n.数量6.survive v.生存;幸存7.unique adj.独一无二的8.diversity n.多样性探索方法1.
2、encounter n.&v.经历;偶遇2.fossil n.化石3.record v.记录4.recognize v.辨认出5.scientific adj.科学的6.discovery n.发现7.study v.研究8.spread v.&n.传播9.journey n.旅行;旅程探索精神1.adventure n.冒险2.curious adj.好奇的3.cautious adj.谨慎的4.serious adj.严肃的,认真的5.determined adj.坚决的6.question v.怀疑7.sensible adj.理智的,懂事的词块1.date back to追溯到2.na
3、tural environment 自然环境3.be harmful to 对有害municate with 与交流5.reduce pollution减少污染6.look for 寻找pare.with.把和相对比8.propose a theory 提出一个理论9.collect samples 采集样品10.scientific study 科学研究11.by contrast 通过对比12.in spite of尽管;不管13.according to根据14.be regarded as 被视为15.protect.from/against保护免受16.prevent/keep/st
4、op.from阻止通词句 基础自测 教材单词必背写作词汇1.n.种子,籽 2.n.样本 3.n.(动物的)原种,祖先 4.v.产生,创造 5.n.特征,特性 6.v.减少 7.v.责怪,指责;把归咎于 8.adv.遍及全世界 9.n.根 10.v.把联系起来;连接 seed sample ancestor generate characteristic decline blame worldwide root link 识记阅读词汇1.geologist n.2.finch n.3.beak n.4.tortoise n.5.goat n.6.primitive adj.7.giant adj
5、.8.mangrove n._ 9.iguana n.地质学家 雀科鸣禽 鸟嘴,喙 陆龟 山羊 原始的,低等的 巨大的,特大的 红树(一种热带树木,生于水中或水边,并从树枝上长出新根须)鬣蜥(一种大型热带美洲蜥蜴)b-like adj.11.spine n.12.myth n.13.wasp n.14.pesticide n.15.chilli n.16.fungus n.17.fungal adj.18.cybercrime n.19.centimetre n.梳状的 (动植物的)刺,刺毛(古代的)神话 黄蜂 杀虫剂,农药 辣椒 真菌 真菌的 网络犯罪 厘米 构织连脉词汇1.adj.遥远的;
6、疏远的 n.距离 2.n.丢脸,耻辱 adj.可耻的,丢脸的;不光彩的 3.v.进化 n.进化(论)adj.进化的 4.v.猜想,怀疑,觉得 adj.可疑的 n.怀疑 5.n.传说,传奇(故事)adj.传说的,传奇的 6.v.发现,察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)n.侦查,发觉,发现 distant distance disgrace disgraceful cevolve evolution evolutionarysuspect suspicious suspicionlegend legendarydetect detection 常用短语1.响应号召 2.第一选择,首选 3.有史以来 4.
7、讨论中的;考虑中的 5.堆满,挤满 6.产生,开始存在 7.适应 answer the call first choice of all time in question be crowded with come to exist adapt to 8.各种各样的,形形色色的 9.极少量的 10.驱赶走 11.源于的,原产于 12.是耻辱,是丢脸的事 13.是的栖息地/家乡 14.完成(任务);执行;实施 a variety of tiny amounts of drive.away be native to be a disgrace be home to carry out 重点句型1.B
8、ut Darwins scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】so.that引导结果状语从句 但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服,以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。2.Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】sb/sth be said to have done“据说已经做了”
9、3.More surprisingly,plants also use sound to communicate.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】副词作状语 据说,亚历山大大帝和马可波罗在印度参观过这样的一棵树。更令人吃惊的是,植物也用声音进行交流。单元词句小测.单词小测 1.Dr Susanne Shultz,an biologist from the University of Manchester,said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the of human language.(evolve)
10、2.I noticed a certain between the father and son.And they were deliberately towards each other.(distant)3.There are five in this play,but they have their own .(character)4.High levels of lead have been in the atmosphere.And I hope the will raise public awareness of air protection.(detect)evolutionar
11、y evolutiondistance distant characters characteristicsdetected detection.短语小测 The captain of the ship,the Beagle,wanted someone to visit distant little known countries.The person who 1.(响应号召)was not the captains 2.(首选).It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.His
12、father predicted that he would be 3.(耻辱)to himself and the whole family.Despite all this,his adventures would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries 4.(有史以来).The young man 5.(考虑中)was Charles Darwin.answered the call first choice a disgrace of all time in question The journey gave h
13、im the chance to study 6.(各种各样的)living things in their natural environments.When he was in South America,a place which 7.(是的栖息地/家乡)many unique animals and plants,his room on the ship 8.(堆满,挤满)samples and animals he collected.At that time,he asked himself the question:how did different species 9.(产生)
14、?He also noticed that animals evolved as they 10.(适应)their changing environments.It was a completely new ideaa theory of evolution.a variety of was home to was crowded with come to existadapted to.句型小测高考情境仿写 1.彼得对京剧如此着迷,以至于他专门来中国学京剧。(so.that引导结果状语从句)Peter was he came to China specially to study it.2
15、.据说他们已实现了他们的愿望。(sb/sth be said to have done“据说”)their wishes.3.理想而言,我们希望下个月就启动我们的项目。(副词作状语),we would like to start our project next month.so crazy about Peking Opera that They are said to have realized Ideally 提能力 增分课堂 核心词汇突破 1.suspect v.猜想,怀疑,觉得 n.犯罪嫌疑人,可疑对象【练会】单句填空(2020天津卷)He pulls out a special d
16、evice,points it at suspect,and switches it on.(2020新高考全国卷)In Samarkand,Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders,while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when (suspect)of drug dealing.What he said sounded reasonable,but I suspected it (be)a lie.Its a little (suspect)that no o
17、ne knows where he was at the time of the murder.the suspected to be suspicious【写美】句式升级背诵 He suspected that his neighbour stole his money.He his money.【归纳】(1)suspect that.怀疑 suspect sb/sth to be.怀疑某人/某物是 suspect sb of(doing)sth怀疑某人(做过)某事(2)suspicious adj.可疑的(3)suspicion n.怀疑【佳句】从判断 Judging from his a
18、bnormal behaviour,I suspected him to be a thief.从他不正常的行为来评判,我怀疑他是个小偷。suspected his neighbour of stealing 2.decline v.&n.减少,下降;衰弱,衰退;谢绝,婉言拒绝【练会】单句填空(2020新高考全国卷)A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds.Besides,the number of snakes (decline)a
19、s well.(2020新高考全国卷)As the economy was decline,somepeople in the town had lost their jobs.In spite of many invitations,he would always decline (visit)Oxford.had declined into visit【写美】完成句子背诵 自从新的交通法规实施以来,闯红灯的人数下降了。The number of people who run the red light _since the new traffic regulations came into
20、 effect.(应用文写作话题之交通)【归纳】(1)be in decline处于下降、衰退中 on the decline在衰退,在消减(2)decline by/to下降了/到 decline to do sth 谢绝/拒绝做某事【点津】表示增加或减少的幅度通常用介词by;表示“增加到”或“减少到”则要用介词to。【佳句】The number of giant tortoise has declined greatly since last year.自去年以来,巨型陆龟的数量大量减少。has been on the decline/in decline 3.blame v.责怪,指责;
21、把归咎于 n.过失;责备【练会】单句填空(2021全国甲卷)Its the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria,Canada.Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame the alarm clock.Nowadays some students are not (blame)
22、for their laziness.Instead,they link them with their low IQ.for on to blame【写美】一句多译背诵 他把考试失败归咎于老师。(blame sth on)(blame sb for)(n.blame)He blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher.He blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam.He put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher.【
23、归纳】(1)blame sb for sth 因某事而责备某人 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame(for.)(对某事)负有责任,(因某事)应受责备(2)put/lay the blame(for sth)on sb因(某事)归咎于某人【点津】在be to blame(for)短语中,不定式用主动语态表示被动含义。【佳句】Some drivers,cyclists and pedestrians are to blame,because they do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.一些司机、骑自行车的人
24、和行人都应受到责备,因为他们认为遵守交通规则不重要。4.link v.把联系起来;连接 n.联系;连接;关系,纽带;链接【练会】单句填空(2021北京卷)When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything that happened during the day,trying to link new experiences old memories.(2019天津卷)Most food webs,for instance,consist of many weak (link)rather than a few strong ones.(2019
25、天津卷)When a predator always eats huge numbers of a single prey,the two species are strongly (link).to links linked【写美】完成句子背诵 英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他国家连接起来。The Channel Tunnel the rest of Europe.【归纳】(1)a link of friendship友谊的纽带(2)be linked by.用连接 link.with.把和连接起来 be linked to与有联系;与有关联 link.to.把和联系起来【点津】be rela
26、ted to与有联系,与有关系 relate.to.把和联系起来 be connected with与有关系;与有亲戚关系 connect.with.把和连接起来 links Britain with 5.in question讨论中的;考虑中的【练会】单句填空 The future of public transport is not question.The well-disciplined soldiers carried out their orders question.【写美】完成句子背诵 没有完整有效的产业结构,中国的可持续发展是不可能的。Without a complete e
27、ffective industrial structure,the sustained development of China is .(写作话题之可持续发展)in without out of the question【归纳】call/bring/throw sth into question引起对某事物的怀疑 beyond question不容怀疑 without question毫无疑问;毫无异议地 out of question没问题 out of the question不可能;不允许 6.be crowded with 堆满,挤满【练会】单句填空(2020天津卷)We stop
28、asking questions.We stop challenging custom.Wejust follow crowd.The canteen was crowded summer campers from high schools across the city.【写美】一句多译背诵 他突然有了一个想法:建设另一条高速公路就能解决问题。A thought that building another expressway could solve the problem.A thought that building another expressway could solve the
29、problem.the with crowded into his mind crowded in on him【归纳】a crowd of/crowds of.一大群,很多 follow/go with the crowd随大流,附和大众 crowd in(on sb)涌上(心头),涌入(脑海)crowd into ones mind涌上某人的心头 crowd into.大批涌入(狭小的空间)补遗缺 微点练全.一词多义根据语境写出句中黑体词的词性和含义 1.distant The time we spent together is now a distant memory.Their lif
30、e seemed utterly distant from his own.There was a distant look in her eyes;her mind was obviously on something else.Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone.She was my distant cousin,so I was not familiar with her.adj.遥远的,久远的adj.不同的,不相似的adj.不同的,不相似的adj.冷淡的adj.远房的,远亲的.单句语法填空 2.The idea evolved
31、a drawing I discovered in the attic.3.The data types of arrays and records are native many programming languages.from to 重点句型透视 sb/sth be said to have done.据说已经做了【教材原句】Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visitedsuch a tree in India.据说,亚历山大大帝和马可波罗在印度参观过这样的一棵树。【练会】单句填空 Mary is said (l
32、eave)for London tomorrow.Ten people were estimated (kill)in the accident.He is said (study)abroad,but I dont know which country he is in.to leave to have been killed to be studying【写美】句式升级背诵 It is believed that printing was first invented by the Chinese.by the Chinese.Printing is believed to have be
33、en first invented【归纳】主语+be said to do意为“据说”,其中不定式有时态和语态的变化。该结构相当于“It is said that.”。sb/sth+be+过去分词+to do sth(未发生)to be doing sth(正在发生)to have done sth(已发生)研真题 链接高考(2021北京卷,阅读理解D)人与自然的关系 Early fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him.Al
34、bert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it.Todays state-of-the-art atomic(原子的)clocks have proven Einstein right.Even advanced physics cant decisively tell us what time is,because the answer depends on the question youre asking.Forget abou
35、t time as an absolute.What if,instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏)of human life?Wereincreasingly aware of the fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizing that we
36、need to moderate(调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance.What if our definition of time reflected that?Recently,I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping thats connected to circumstances on our planet,conditions that might change as a result of global warming.Were now building a clock at t
37、he Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers,which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes.Weve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.Ifthe rivers run faster in the future on average,the cloc
38、k will get ahead of standard time.If they run slower,youll see the opposite effect.The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics.Its a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架),and allows us to witness
39、 those changes on our smartwatches or phones.Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting gre
40、ener policies.Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars,earlyagricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.In pre-Classical Greece,for instance,people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.Temporalcon
41、nection to the environment was vital to their survival.Likewise,river time and other timekeeping systems were developing may encourage environmental awareness.When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time,he highlighted one of times most noticeable qualities:Time becomes meaningful only in
42、 a defined context.Any timekeeping system is valid,and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.理清脉络 真题再做 31.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A.Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.B.Everyone can define time on their own terms.C.The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.D.Time is
43、 a major concern of philosophers and scientists.答案 B 解析 段落大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Even advanced physics cantdecisively tell us what time is,because the answer depends on the questionyoure asking.”以及上文列举的哲学家St.Augustine和爱因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断,第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。32.The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2
44、mainly to .A.present an assumption B.evaluate an argument C.highlight an experiment D.introduce an approach 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“Recently,I conceptualized anew approach to timekeeping”可知,本段提出三个问题是为了引出下文作者构思的一种计时的新方法。33.What can we learn from this passage?A.Those who do not go on river time will
45、live an imbalanced life.B.New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.C.Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.D.Modern technology may help to shape the rivers temporal frame.答案 C 解析 推理判断题。根据文章第三段尤其是最后两句“If the rivers runfaster in the future on average,the
46、 clock will get ahead of standard time.If theyrun slower,youll see the opposite effect.”可知,作者他们建造了一个由河流总流量校准的时钟,并与原子钟相匹配,如果未来河流流速更快,建造的时钟显示的时间将领先于标准时间。如果河流流速较慢,就会看到相反的效果。由此可推知,如果河流流速较慢,该时钟会慢于标准时间,即原子时间将领先于河流时间。34.What can we infer from this passage?A.It is crucial to improve the definition of time.B
47、.A fixed frame will make time meaningless.C.We should live in harmony with nature.D.History is a mirror reflecting reality.答案 C 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Were increasingly aware of the factthat we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizing thatwe need to moderate our actions if we hope to
48、 live in balance.”和倒数第二段的“Temporal connection to the environment was vital to theirsurvival.Likewise,river time and other timekeeping systems weredeveloping may encourage environmental awareness.”可推断,从这篇文章中我们知道我们应该与自然和谐共处,保护环境。语言能力 1.掌握构词知识 词根 派生 词性及词义 例句 inability When St.Augustine admitted his ina
49、bility to define time,hehighlighted one of times most noticeable qualities:Timebecomes meaningful only in a defined context.able n.无能力,无才能2.猜测生僻词词义 Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.Likewise,river time and other timekeeping systems were developing may encourage envir
50、onmental awareness.3.牢记熟词生义 单词 词性及词义 例句 novel Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars,early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.同样地,类似地adj.新颖的4.仿写经典句型 What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo of human life?仿写:在接下来的半小时里,如果这个问题必须被解
51、决将会怎样?in the next half hour?What if this problem has to be solved 5.破解复杂句式 Were increasingly aware of the fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizing that we need to moderate our actions if we hope to live in balance.分析:本句为复合句,that we cant control Earth systems with
52、engineeringalone为 从句,说明fact的内容;that we need to moderate ouractions为 从句;if we hope to live in balance为 从句。译文:同位语宾语条件状语我们越来越意识到,不能单独用工程学来控制地球系统,并意识到如果我们希望生活在平衡中,我们就需要调节我们的行为。测效果 课堂评价.熟词生义 1.root 项目 意义 例句 熟义 n.The root of the problem is their lack of interest.生义 n.Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code
53、lines,beats,intervals,moving from the root to end a song in a new key.根源,原因根音2.link 项目 意义 例句 熟义 n.Theres a direct link between diet and heart disease.生义 n.Click on this link to visit our online bookstore.联系,关联(因特网上的)链接.单句语法填空 A组 基础必练 1.Pilcher (suspect)of giving away government secrets to the enemy.
54、2.Many children are afraid of being (blame)for making mistakes in the exam.3.She could hear the (distance)sound of fireworks exploding.4.He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a cake for his mother and some (seed)for his bird.5.Native the US,pygmy rabbits weigh less than
55、1 pound and live in the American West.was suspected blamed distant seeds to B组 高考链接 6.(2020天津卷)We offered to give Sharon a ride home,but she _(decline),saying that she felt like walking.7.(2019天津卷)When a predator lives on various species,they are weakly (link).8.(2020江苏卷)He said that one of the boxe
56、s (generate)around$13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about$400 to rent.9.(2020江苏卷)They tested the mens fitness and resting metabolic rates and took (sample)of their blood and fat tissue.10.(2020全国卷)As scientists look deeper into our genes,they are finding examples of human (evolve)in just the
57、past few thousand years.declined linked generated samples evolution.短语填空 of all time,be a disgrace,adapt to,answer the call,a variety of,be crowded with,come to exist 1.The way he handled the problem to me.2.The office people complaining about the washing machines.3.No one knows exactly when the tra
58、dition of eating dumplings .4.When he moved to France,the children the change very well.was a disgrace was crowded with came to exist adapted to 5.Its better for students to take courses so as to take different kinds of subjects to find their interest.6.We didnt ask for all the challenges that we fa
59、ce,but were determined to to meet them.7.Mozart is regarded to be one of the most talented musicians .a variety of answer the call of all time.微语法填空 Tom said he 1.(go)to Tianjin the week before.This was the second time that he 2.(go)there.It was about six years since he 3.(visit)Tianjin.He said a lo
60、t of changes 4.(happen)to Tianjin.In his opinion,Tianjin is one of the most beautiful cities that he 5.ever (visit).He feels fortunate living in Tianjin.had gone had gone had visited had happened has visited.话题微写作(黑体部分用本单元词汇表达)【写作素材】1.迈克的邻居上个月被谋杀了,他的房子里挤满了人。(be crowded with)2.他被怀疑杀害了邻居,他既恼火又害怕。(susp
61、ect)3.村民们认为他是村子的耻辱,于是他就离家出走了。(disgrace)4.后来警察发现了一些线索,发现邻居是被另一个人谋杀的。(detect)5.迈克不必为他给家人带来的一切而责备自己了。(blame)【连句成篇】将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。答案 Mikes neighbor was murdered last month and his house was crowded with people.He was suspected of killing the neighbor and he was annoyed and frightened.And the villagers thought he was a disgrace to the village and he ran away from his home.Later the police detected some clues and found that the neighbor was murdered by another man.Mike neednt blame himself for what he had brought to his family.