1、上海实验高中2021-2022学年高三下英语三月考语法填空Recent literature has put the spotlight on how technology and social media are shaping the next generation, and the consensus(共识)seems to be that its a sharp double-edged sword. New research published in Computers in Human Behavior is no exception.The study,led by facult
2、y at Wellesley Centers for Women, found that _1_ (join)social media specifically, Snapchat and Instagram before age 11 was significantly linked to more “problematic digital behaviors” _2_ (compare) to those who joined the platforms when they were older.The team surveyed over 750 middle schoolers in
3、the Northeast United States, and found that those who joined these platforms at or below age 10 had more internet buddies that parents would disapprove of, and visited more social websites that _3_ (frown) upon.They also showed more “unsympathetic online behaviors” and were more likely to become vic
4、tims of online bullying or harassment. Altogether, it was a jumble of (一堆)problematic digital moods. Of course,that might not be news to social media giant Facebook. Some recent leaks in the Wall Street Journal revealed how the platform was aware for some time _4_ it was “toxic” for teen girls, and
5、also detailed its ambitions to lure teens and pre-teens with targeted kid-specific products. _5_ almost all social media, including Twitter and TikTok, Facebooks rules require users to be at least 13 years old to join. However, people _6_ sign up self-report their own dates of birth, so its hardly a
6、n effective firewall, and by commonsense, its nearly a given that packs of children are roaming(漫游)the social media universe. In fact, “one-third of our sample had already started using social media at age 11 or 12 and another one-third had begun at age 10 or younger,” study author Linda Charmaraman
7、 said in a statement. _7_ that doesnt mean its a lost cause. The studys findings also suggest parents can combat the harmful impacts by limiting how often their kids check social media, or restricting phone usage. Participants who reported such parental controls showed _8_ (lessen) negative effects.
8、And its not all bad: According to the research, those who joined social media before age 11also showed _9_ (great) civic engagement within the online community-such as posting supportive content or fostering events and activism for social issues. Also,regardless of when they joined social media, ear
9、ly adolescents displayed more positive digital behaviors overall than negative ones.As the first children raised in the social-media era grow into their 20s and 30s,the effects of the internet revolution will likely become more profound, and we can expect that the need _10_ (understand) how tech sha
10、pes kids in their most impressionable years will only become more urgent.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.diversifying B.depressed C.shifted D.breaking E.hammer F.contr
11、oversial G.initially H.converting I.wholly J.dump K.circulationsSoaring newsprint costs make life even harderThe cost of paper around the world is rising to record highs, pushing up expenses for newspapers from Mumbai to Sydney. When times were good, before ads _11_ online, newspapers had a supporti
12、ve partnership with paper mills. As ads departed and _12_ fell, they are now at the shouting stage.Paper mills had the worst of it for years as newspapers went _13_ digital or shut for good. The papers were able to _14_ down the cost of newsprint from firms fighting for business as demand declined.
13、Many hesitated to shut massive machines costing hundreds of millions of dollars.That hesitance has disappeared; mills are taking out newsprint capacity and _15_. Norske Skog, a Norwegian paper firm, said in June it would close its 66-year-old Tasman Mill in New Zealand, for example. Many mills are _
14、16_ machines to make packaging for e-commerce.UPM, a Finnish firm, announced this year the sale of its Shotton newsprint mill in Wales to a Turkish maker of container board and packaging. For JCS Volga, a Russian mill, newsprint used to account for 70% of production; now half of what it makes is pac
15、kaging. The pandemic, with people working from home, meant even fewer newspaper purchases, which _17_ demand for newsprint again and increased the pain for paper suppliers. In the past 24 months European mills have responded by shutting almost a fifth of their newsprint capacity, says a buyer for a
16、large British newspaper group.Then economies reopened. Newsprint demand shot up. That, combined with much reduced capacity and coupled with soaring energy prices, has resulted in a price shock. Particularly _18_ are energy surcharges that some paper suppliers are seeking to pass on.Newspaper firms r
17、eckon this amounts to _19_contracts. European newspapers will have to pay newsprint prices that are 50-70% higher in the first quarter of 2022 compared with the year before.Germanys print and media industry association has warned that mills are going to force newspapers to _20_ paper editions, hurti
18、ng each other in the process. “Its about the famous branch that both of them are sitting on,” it said recently. But mills can sell packaging instead. “Were not going to save the publishing industry by being unprofitable ourselves,”says a mill executive in North America.III.Reading ComprehensionSecti
19、on ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Picture yourself driving down a city street. Suddenly you see something in the middle of the road ahead. A torn paper bag, a
20、 lost shoe, or something else? Youll quickly determine the actions that best fit the _21_-what humans call having“common sense”.However_22_ “obstacles” that no human would ever stop for, AI self-driving vehicles are likely to apply the brakes unexpectedly.The challenges for self-driving vehicles won
21、t be solved by giving them more training data or rules for what to do in unusual situations. To be trustworthy, these vehicles need common sense to solve the object-in-the-road problem: broad _23_ about the properties of objects and an ability to _24_ adapt that knowledge in new circumstances. You c
22、an predict, _25_, that while a pile of glass on the road wont flyaway as you approach, birds likely will. From this _26_ the term “common sense” seems to _27_ exactly what current AI systems cannot do.Their lack of a _28_ of commonsense makes them susceptible to unpredictable errors, which humans wi
23、ll never make.Todays AI systems use neural networks, algorithms(算法) trained to spot patterns, based on data gathered from extensive collections of human-labeled examples.This _29_ is very different from how humans learn. We humans seem to come into the world with inborn knowledge of certain basic co
24、ncepts-including the ideas of objects and events and the nature of space. We arent even _30_ that we have it, or that it forms the basis for all future learning. A big lesson from decades of AI research is how hard it is to teach such _31_ to machines. The history of planting common sense in AI syst
25、ems has largely focused on cataloging human knowledge: manually programming and _32_ stereotyped(模式化的)situations. But all such attempts face a possibly fatal _33_. Much of our instinctive knowledge is unwritten,unspoken,and not even in our conscious awareness. A US AI research agency recently launch
26、ed a programme. It challenges researchers to create an AI system that learns from “experience” in order to acquire the cognitive abilities of an 18-month-old baby. It might seem strange that _34_ a baby is considered a grand challenge for AI, but this reflects the gulf between AIs success in specifi
27、c fields and more general intelligence. If we can figure out how to get our machines to learn like children, perhaps after some years, these young “commonsense agents” will finally become teenagers-ones who are sufficiently sensible to be _35_ with the car keys.21. A. situationB. environmentC. conte
28、xtD. regulation22. A. inspectingB. locatingC. trackingD. spotting23. A. horizonB. mindC. knowledgeD. control24. A. casuallyB. flexiblyC. routinelyD. mechanically25. A. as a resultB. in a wordC. for exampleD. in the meantime26. A. perspectiveB. conclusionC. conditionD. inference27. A. diagnoseB. anal
29、yzeC. specifyD. capture28. A. predictionB. foundationC. definitionD. motivation29. A. processB. experienceC. tendencyD. strategy30. A. contentB. confidentC. consciousD. concerned31. A. approachesB. proceduresC. skillsD. concepts32. A. registeringB. presentingC. uncoveringD. reviewing33. A. obstacleB
30、. prejudiceC. consequenceD. error34. A. trainingB. raisingC. deliveringD. matching35. A. burdenedB. rewardedC. entrustedD. honoredSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marke
31、d A,B.C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Sandra Boynton, a childrens author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild!, for example, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex.
32、She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.In your years of writing and illustrating childrens books, have you noticed anything that really sparks a childs imagination?I think maybe theres no basic difference between what
33、 fascinates a child and what fascinates the rest of us. Were all drawn to things that wake us up, things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch. Were curious about the world as it is, and were curious about what could be. Imagination follows curiosity pretty n
34、aturally.It doesnt feel to me like its been a long time that Ive been drawing and writing things. It doesnt feel like a short time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. Im a permanent Kindergartner, I guess.You often take a threatening figure like a Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and
35、 make him cute Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.What have you learned about childhood from writing kids books?Accessing childho
36、od has actually never been that hard. Its adulthood thats still perplexing. I would guess that most childrens book writers are that way. Im really writing books and making music for my own child-self. But Im certainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other than just me. It keeps
37、me from having to find an actual job.A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My background is theater, and I
38、 thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to create content thats both theater-like and book-like. I found a superb partner in this, the insanely ingenious Loud Crow Interactive in Vancouver. We worked intensively together for a couple of years and made five very cool apps. Im proud
39、of them. But now, having too often seen very young kids sitting idly, staring at screens, I have my doubts.36. What does Sandra Boynton think about imagination?A. It fascinates both adults and children.B. It can be waken up by attention to senses.C. It can be naturally aroused out of curiosity.D. It
40、 lasts for long in a permanent kindergartner.37. When writing childrens books, Sandra _.Afinds herself confused about remembering childhoodB. agrees with other book writers that writing is hardC. puts herself in a childs place and thinks like a childD. is delighted that she doesnt need to find anoth
41、er job38. Sandra thinks the apps she made with her partner were cool because they were _.A. new ways to increase interactions between usersB. interactive by combining theatre and bookC. beneficial with the content both theatre-like and book-likeD. created by an insanely ingenious expert and friend39
42、. We can conclude from the interview that _.A. Sandra is good at making a threatening figure cuteB. kids are always calm instead of being afraid of thingsC. digital devices have been embraced by most of the authorsD. there were no interactive book apps before Sandras apps(B)Thank You for Shopping wi
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49、 to clearance or ex-display products, special orders, closing-down sales, members only, extended warranty prices,internet or telephone order line purchases.40. If a customer doesnt like the product he or she bought,he or she can have it exchanged or refunded if_A. it has been exchanged beforeB. it h
50、as been opened but unusedC. it was specially ordered for him or herD. it was bought no more than a week ago41. Suppose that Robert finds the DVD player delivered to him two months ago has developed a fault, he can_A. have it repaired without paying any moneyB. get a new DVD player of the same brandC
51、. call the helpline to ask for an exchangeD. get it refunded but keep the free gifts42. If Mary bought a DVD player in the shop for $69.99 and one day later found one in another shop one mile away at $65.99, then how much refund could she get?A. $6.99B. $6.59C. $4.40D. $4.00(C)Like every dog, every
52、disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th.Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. Dying of “consumption” seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, has, howeve
53、r, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and 1m for malaria. But it r
54、eceives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. Americas National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting
55、 all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contain
56、s some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because the population itself is going up.Even drug companies are involved. In the run-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $ 50m boos
57、t to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti
58、persuading people to stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution.The other reason TB is b
59、ack is its relationship to AIDS. The (global Funds joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the bodys immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. I
60、t kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused
61、TB, it is still a serious threat.43. The first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day.” means _.A. every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or laterB. human beings can deal with problems caused by diseaseC. Tuberculosis becomes a serious infection diseaseD. people atta
62、ch importance to Tuberculosis recently44. By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2, the author intends to show _.A. the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars on TuberculosisB. the death rate of AIDS is higher than that of TuberculosisC. the officials didnt pay much attention to the rese
63、arch of Tuberculosis in the pastD. compared with AIDS, Tuberculosis can be cured effectively45. Which of the following is best defines the word “upshot” (Para 5)?A. Outcome.B. Uphold.C. Achievement.D. Project.46. Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the passage tries
64、to convey?A. Forgive and forget.B. Forgotten, but not gone.C. When the wound is healed, the pain is forgotten.D. Every dog is brave at his own door.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that
65、there are two more sentences than you need.I still occasionally find myself amazed at the details our ears and brains can pick up on. My quiet work time was recently interrupted by a person in the room next door. I couldnt see them, but I knew exactly what they were doing: cracking their knuckles(指关
66、节). Its such a distinctive sound, but whats really surprising is that its so loud. The sound generated is noticeably different from that of creaking hips or knees-its specific to fingers. Whats going on? Joint cracking is the sort of thing that everyone has an opinion on and mine is: I cant do it, a
67、nd I wouldnt want to. I have occasionally made the mistake of mentioning this during talks to school kids. _47_The usual suspect in the infraction is the joint at the base of each finger. People pull their finger away from the rest of their hand until theres a deep, muffled click. When medical imagi
68、ng finally improved to the point where it could spy on the inside of a finger during the process, the true culprit was revealed: a bubble.At the joint, one bone has a curved bulge(凸起)which sits snugly in a shallow cup forming the base of the next bone up. _48_ Its viscous and sticky, and it keeps th
69、e joint running smoothly. If you pull on a finger this gap gets gradually wider so that the fluid is now in tension because its pulled in both directions.For those with the right sort of joint to make the cracking sound, the drama is sudden. X-rays and MRI scans show that at the moment of cracking,
70、a gas-filled cavity pops into existence in the synovial fluid(滑液)，relieving the tension in the liquid. Gas which had been dissolved in the liquid comes rushing in to fill this new gap. Once the bubble exists, it just sits there until the gas redissolves into the surrounding liquid. _49_ A bubble alr
71、eady exists, and its easy to stretch it as the joint extends without making another one._50_ This has been revealed, both by systematic scientific studies and by allergist Donald L. Unger. For his lifelong effort on the subject, Dr. Unger was awarded the 2009Ig Nobel Prize. As a child Dr. Unger was
72、criticized for his cracking habits, so he conducted his own stubborn experiment, cracking the knuckles on his right hand-but not on his left-every day for 60 years. By the time he was 83, neither hand had arthritis. But the dissenting relatives were mostly long gone, depriving him of his “I told you
73、 so” moment.A. This is why you cant crack a knuckle twice in a row.B. Bubbles are extremely efficient at making sound, which explains the loudness.C. Gas bubbles in finger joints make the annoying sound, but its unclear why some people form them and others dont.D. The reliable result is a deafening
74、flood of clicks as 500 children succumb to irresistible temptation.E. The space in between them is around a 10th of an inch wide and filled with synovial fluid, the bodys equivalent of engine oil.F. Most joint crackers have perfectly healthy joints, although there has been a persistent myth that reg
75、ular joint-cracking can cause arthritis(关节炎)第I卷（共50分）IV.Summary Writing51. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
76、Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk
77、is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, s
78、ays Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk”, he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.
79、”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reporte
80、d significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who rea
81、ch out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says._V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given
82、 in the brackets.52. 先生，请给这位抱小孩的女士让个座好吗？(kind)(汉译英)53. 我一到会议室就看到墙上贴着的一张告示，上面写着“请佩戴好口罩”。(Hardly) (汉译英)54. 这家老字号餐厅采用了仅提供外卖服务的新商业模式以吸引更多年轻顾客。(adopt) (汉译英)55. 毕业即，我既兴奋又自豪，但与此同时，我也意识到只有不断学习，努力奋斗，才会未来可期.(approach) (汉译英)VI.Guided Writing56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words accordin
83、g to the instructions given below in Chinese.假如你是王梓，刚刚收到好友龚瞩的邮件，邮件中提到因为疫情影响，学校的课全部改成线上授课，但她发现自己在上网课时难以集中注意力，效率低下。还有不到100天就要高考了，她感觉非常着急，想你寻求帮助。请你写封回信给她，提出一些建议并阐述理由。【答案】1. joining2. compared3. were frowned4. that5. Like6. who#that7. But8. lessened9. greater10. to understand【答案】11. C12. K13. I14. E15.
84、A16. H17. B18. F19. D20. J【答案】21. A22. D23. C24. B25. C26. A27. D28. B29. A30. C31. D32. B33. A34. D35. C【答案】36. C37. C38. B39. A【答案】40. D41. A42. C【答案】43. D44. D45. A46. B【答案】47. D48. E49. A50. F【51题答案】【答案】Most of the time, we compromise conversational intelligence, refusing to talk to stranger in
85、public places, and thinking it is embarrassed and unnecessary(要点1). However, as the study approved, small talk is of great benefit for us, which can help us connect ourselves with others smoothly and even possibly makes us get high quality service(要点2). As Dunn believes, good manners are based on sm
86、all talk(要点3).(64字)【52题答案】【答案】Would/Will you be kind enough to/be so kind as to give up/offer your seat to the lady with a baby in her arms, sir?【53题答案】【答案】Hardly had I reached the meeting room when I saw a notice on the wall,reading“Please keep your mask on.【54题答案】【答案】The time-honored restaurant (h
87、as) adopted the new business model in which/where it provides delivery-only services/it only offers takeout food to attract more young customers.【55题答案】【答案】The graduation is approaching, and I am excited and proud. But at the same time, I also realize that only by learning continually and working ha
88、rder can I have a better expected future.【56题答案】【答案】Dear Gong,Terribly sorry to hear that due to the epidemic, you have to stay at home to have online courses, which deprives you of your attention on the course. With less than 100 days to prepare for your big exam, I have some advice for you on conc
89、entrating on your study.Firstly, engaging yourself in the class actively is beneficial for you to be immersed into the online course, for the reason that answering teachers questions and thinking positively leave little room to be absent-minded. Additionally, a quiet environment can ensure yourself to be fully absorbed in the course, which can guarantee that nothing can get you distracted easily or interrupt your thoughts. By the way, getting distractions away from your sight is also a must.Hoping my suggestions are helpful to you. Yours,Wang Zi
