1、Unit3 The Million Pound Bank Note语法篇_掌握本单元重点语法-宾语从句和表语从句，并能熟练应用宾语从句和表语从句的相关语法解决相应的语法练习一、宾语从句宾语从句：在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以放在动词和介词之后。宾语从句应用陈述句语序。1.由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。E.g. He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. E.g. We must never think (that) we
2、are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand， order，suggest， decide，insist，desire，request，command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：E.g. I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。E.g. The commander ordered that troops (should) se
3、t off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2.用who， whom，which， whose，what，when， where， why，how，whoever， whatever，whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。E.g. I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。E.g. She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。E.g. She will give whoever needs help a war
4、m support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：（1）引导主语从句并在句首时；（2）引导表语从句时；（3）引导从句作介词宾语时；（4）从句后有“or not”时；（5）后接动词不定式时。E.g. Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。E.g. Everything depends
5、on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。E.g. I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。E.g. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。E.g. He studies English every day.（从句用一般现在时）E.g. He studied English last term.（从句用一般过去时）E.g. I
6、know (that) he will study English next year.（从句用一般将来时）E.g. He has studied English since 1998.（从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。E.g. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句
7、中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。E.g. We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。E.g. I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。二、表语从句表语从句：从句放在系动词be, look ,remain ,seem等之后即构成表语从句引导表语从句的词有连词that，whether；连接代词who，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why以及其它连词as if，as though，because等。E.g. The question is whether it i
8、s worth reading.E.g. They are just what I want.E.g. Thats why they were late.1.that引导的表语从句that引导表语从句时，在句中无意义，一般不可省略。而what引导表语从句时，不但有意义，而且在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。E.g. The trouble is that I have lost his address.E.g. China is no longer what it used to be.中国不再是过去的样子了。2.whether 引导的表语从句whether 引导表语从句仍表示“是否”之
9、意，不能在从句中充当句子成分。if则不可用来引导表语从句E.g. The question is whether they will be able to help us.The question is whether the film is worth seeing.3.as if (as though)引导的表语从句as if (as though) 引导表语从句，意思是“好像，似乎”。E.g. It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。E.g. It sounds as if you are from the South of the USA
10、.听起来你好像来自美国南部。注意：不用 if 引导表语从句。reason做主语时，表语从句应由that引导，不用because。that 引导表语从句时，通常不能省略。4.其他类型的表语从句 其他连接词引导表语从句的用法与引导宾语从句的用法类似。但要注意几个表示原因的表语从句的常见句型：（1）Thats why （2）Thats because（3）The reason why is thatE.g. Thats why we decided to put off the sports meeting. E.g. Thats because we havent got well prepare
11、d. E.g. The reason why I like the dictionary is that it is useful for my work.1.（2014浙江）“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _my mother used to tell me.A. what B. howC. thatD. whether2.(2014江苏)-What a mess! You are always so lazy! -Im not to blame, mum. I am_ you have made me.A. ho
12、w B. whatC. that D. who 3.(2014山东)It is difficult for us to image _ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.A. where B. what C. which D. why4.(2014福建)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _ you are afraid to do.A. that B. whatC. how D. whether5.(2013北京)Experts believe_ people can waste less food
13、by shopping only when it is necessary.A. why B. where C. that D. what基础演练单项选择1. I flew to New York for the talk show on TV last week. Is that _you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where2. I ask her _ come with me.A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she3. It was a ma
14、tter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoeverC. whom D. whomever4. Can you tell me _?A. who is that gentleman isB. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman5. Can you tell me _ the railway station?A. how I can get toB. what can I get toC. where I can got toD. wher
15、e can I get to6. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever7. Do you know _ ?A. what is his nameB. how is his nameC. what his name isD. how his name is8. Go and get your coat. Its_ you left it.A. thereB. whereC. there where D.
16、where there9. I wonder how much _.A. does the watch costB. did the watch cost C. the watch cost D. the watch costs10. It was _ he said _ disappointed me.A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what巩固提高1. Is Mary from New York City? I dont know _.A. from what city does she come fromB. from
17、 what city she comeC. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from2. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _.A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did D. he has done so3. Have you seen Henry lately? My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting alongB. how is he getting alongC. what he is
18、 getting alongD. what is he getting along4. I am sure _ he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what5. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were theyD. they were how excited 1. We havent s
19、ettled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that2. A warm thought suddenly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.A. if B. when C. that D. which3. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in
20、time for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if4. Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.A. where B. when C. how D. what5. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _ we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C
21、. with whom D. with which6. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether7. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whi
22、chever8. I just wonder _ that makes him so excited. A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is9. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. A. As B. That C. This D. It10. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class
23、 _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B. that C. where D. because11. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. A. where B. howC. whatD. which12. He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from _ it had been in the morning. A.
24、 thatB. whereC. whatD. which13. Id like to work with _ is honest and easy to get on with.A. who B. whoeverC. whomever D. no matter who14. When you are reading, make a note of _ you think is of great importance.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. when15. Can we get everything ready by the weekend? It all depend
25、s on _ we can get Mr. Greens cooperation. A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. if _一、 单项选择1._ good, this kind of fruit sells very well in our city.A .Taste B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. Having been tasted2. The _ look on his face suggested that he _ that he would fail in the Math test.A. surprising; wouldnt e
26、xpect B. surprising; hadnt expectedC. surprised; hadnt expected D. surprised; shouldnt expect3. I think he must have seen me at the meeting last night, _?A. didnt he B. dont I C.do I D. mustnt he4. The Changjiang River has been polluted badly and is not good _.A.to swim it B.to be swum in C.to swim
27、in it D.to swim in5. Thomas _ in inventing many electrical machinesA. was successful B. succeed C. was success D. successes6. I would love _ to the party that evening, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.to go B.to have gone C. going D. having gone7. It is well known to all that water, _ enough, can c
28、hange into ice quickly.A. if cooling B. though to be cooled C. when cooled D. when is cooled8. Mr. Wang _ the person referred to at the meeting be put in prison.A. said B. wished C. agreed D. suggested9. Is this school _you studied in three years ago?A. where B. that C. the one D. which10._ hardly m
29、ade Mike pay any attention to _ his mistakesA. Scolding; correcting B. Being scolded; correctC. Being scolded; correcting D. Having been scolded; correct11.Hardly _ on the bus _ the bus drove offA. did he get; than B. had he got; when C. did he get; when D. had he got; than12.Which sport is the most
30、 popular in the US?Its hard to say. It largely _ what you mean by “popular”?A. belongs to B. comes about C. depends on D. determines on13. I _ when it began to rain.A. was about to going out B. was in the point of going outC. was on the point of going out D. both A and C14. You never imagine what tr
31、ouble I have had _ your house. It took me nearly 2 hours.A.to find B. finding C. found D. for finding15._ in her novel that she didnt hear what I was saying.A. So absorbed had Nancy B. So absorbed Nancy was C. So absorbed was Nancy D. So absorbed Nancy had二、阅读理解C Sports can help you keep fit and get
32、 in touch with natureHowever, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment. Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but als
33、o tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses （球场） in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local are
34、as. There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You dont need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you dont have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk reg
35、ularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control. Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from re
36、cycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And
37、 best of all, its free.1. Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of? A. Cycling around a lake. B. Motor racing in the desert. C. Playing basketball in a gym. D. Swimming in a sports center.2. What do we know about golf from the passage? A. It is popular in Portugal and Spain. B.
38、 It causes water shortages around the world. C. It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes. D. It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.3. The author uses power walking as an example mainly because _. A.it is an outdoor sport B.it improves our health C.it uses fewer resources D.
39、it is recommended by experts4. The author writes the passage to _. A. show us the function of major sports B. encourage us to go in for green sports C. discuss the major influence of popular sports D. introduce different types of environment-friendly sportsDLiverpool, my hometown, is a unique city.
40、It is so unique that in 2004 it became a World Heritage （遗产） Site.I recently returned to my home city and my first stop was at a museum on the River Mersey. Blanketed in mist （薄雾）, Victorian architecture rose from the banks of the river, responded to the sounds of sea-birds, and appeared unbelievabl
41、y charming. When I headed toward the centre, I found myself surrounded by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe. It is not hard to imagine why, on first seeing the city, most visitors would be overpowered by the beauty of the noble buildings, which are solid signs of Liverpools history. A
42、s if stress its cultural role, Liverpool has more museums and galleries （美术馆） than most cities in Britain. At Walker Art Gallery, I was told that it has best collections of Victorian paintings in the world, and is the home of modern art in the north of EnglandHowever, culture is more than galleries.
43、 Liverpool offers many music events. As Britains No.1 music city, it has the biggest city music festival in Europe, and its musicians are famous all over the world. Liverpool is also well-known for its football and other sports events. Every year, the Mersey River Festival attracts thousands of visi
44、tors, madding the city a place of wonder.As you would expect from such a city, there are restaurants serving food from around the world. When my trip was about to complete, I chose to rest my legs in Liverpools famous Philharmonic pub （酒馆）.It is a monument to perfection, and a heritage attraction it
45、self. Being a World Heritage Site, my home city is certainly a place of “outstanding universal value”. It is a treasure house with plenty of secrets for the world to explore.5. Visitors who see the city for the first time would be deeply impressed by _. A. its charming banks B. its famous museums C.
46、 its wonderful palaces D. its attractive buildings6. The third paragraph is developed mainly by _. A. providing different examples B. following the order of space C. making comparisons D. analyzing causes7. The author uses the Philharmonic pub to prove that _. A. Liverpool is a well-known city for i
47、ts restaurants B. Liverpool is an impressive place full of attraction C. a pub is a wonderful place for visitors to relax themselves D. a pub is a perfect choice for visitors to complete their journey8. What is the passage mainly about?A. The universal value of the world heritage in Liverpool. B. The exciting experience of the author in Liverpool. C. The special cultural atmosphere of Liverpool.D. The beautiful historic sites of Liverpool.