1、Part Grammar & WritingGrammar名词性从句()：主语从句一、概念主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的句子，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。二、基本用法1连接词that和whether(1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。That she survived the accident is a miracle.她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。(2)whether在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。Whether we will build a new high school
2、 hasnt been decided.我们是否会建一所新的中学还没有定下来。Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.我们乘火车还是乘船没差别。2连接代词(who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等)连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。Whoever did this job must be rewarded.无论谁做了这项工作一定要得到酬谢。Whatever you do in your spare ti
3、me should do no harm to others.无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。3连接副词(when, where, how, why等)连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。How this happened is not clear to anyone.这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.我们在什么地方做这个实验还在讨论。关键点拨
4、主语从句中连接词的选择技巧(1)根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分。(2)根据连接词在从句中的意义。4主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itbe形容词(obvious, true, natural, strange, etc.)主语从句It is important that he should know about this.他应该知道此事是重要的。关键点拨在“Itbe形容词主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。(2)Itbe名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a pity, a
5、/no surprise, etc.)主语从句Its a pity that I cant attend your wedding.很遗憾我不能参加你的婚礼。(3)Itbe过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, proved, etc.)主语从句It is suggested that the meeting be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。关键点拨在“Itbe过去分词主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。(4)It不及物动词(hap
6、pen, seem, appear, remain, etc.)主语从句It seems to me that you disagree with the plan.在我看来，你好像不赞成这个计划。(5)It及物动词宾语主语从句It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly.让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然都来看他。.用适当的连接词填空1It remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.2_ you will win the
7、medal seems unlikely.3_ he earned his living before is not clear to us.4I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.5_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.6It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.7_ she became an artist may have been due
8、to her fathers influence.8Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.答案1.whether2.That3.How4.what5Whichever6.why7.That8.whatever.完成句子1So far it remains unknown _ last week.到目前为止还不清楚上周那场火灾是怎样发生的。2. _ is still not sure now.她是否要来帮助我们现在还不确定。3. _ his da
9、ughter has gone abroad.据说他女儿去了国外。4. _ has something to do with all of us.大楼建在什么地方与我们所有人有关。5. _ is a comfortable life.大多数人需要的是舒适的生活。6. _ makes her parents angry.她丢了自行车，她的父母为此很生气。7. _ our team will win the match.很明显我们队会赢得这场比赛。8. _ has not been decided.会议的主持人是谁还没有决定。答案1.how the fire broke out2Whether s
10、he will come to help us3It is said that4Where the building will be put up5What most people need6That she has lost her bike7Its very clear that8Who will be the host of the meeting用适当的连接词填空1Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.解析句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份
11、奖品。设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语成分，且表示“无论谁”，故填whoever。答案whoever2Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.解析句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都有帮助。本题考查主语从句。“_ you can do”为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且表示“任何事情”，故答案为Whatever(相当于Anything that)。答案Whatever3It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to
12、hope.解析句意：对于那些不放弃希望的人来说，发生任何事情都是有可能的，这是很常见的。考查主语从句。本句中it为形式主语，“_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope”为真正的主语；该从句结构完整，故由that引导。答案that4_ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.解析句意：我们理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。“_ we understand things”为主语从句，该从句中缺少方式状语(如何)，故用How。答案How5_ Li Bai, a g
13、reat Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.解析句意：李白，伟大的中国诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。“_ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born”为主语从句。该从句中缺少地点状语，故答案为Where。答案WhereWriting解决问题类作文解决问题型说明文，就是针对某一问题提出具体的解决方法并进行适当论述，给读者提供知识，使之掌握解决问题的方法。此类作文的篇章结构如下：一、基本格式1提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性；2列举说明处理
14、某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径；3针对提出的解决方法进行简要评价，也可提出个人建议或选择，并阐述理由。二、常用词句1First of all. Secondly, . Thirdly，. Last but not least.2Now that the causes for. are organized，some solutions must be made in order to.3In my opinion, the best way to solve the problem is.4My tips are as follows.5The reasons for. can be liste
15、d as follows.6If I., here is a problem I might have.7Perhaps I would use.8In my opinion, youd better.写作提示水是生命之源，而在现实生活中，浪费水的现象屡见不鲜。请你以“How to Save Water”为题，写一篇100词左右的英语短文，提出解决办法。内容包括：1.说明节约用水的重要性；2提出节约用水的具体方法；3发出号召。写作要点1第一段：对浪费水这一现象进行描述；2第二段：节约用水的途径；3第三段：号召人们要节约用水。经典范文How to Save WaterIt is common t
16、hat a_large_amount_of water is wasted in our daily life. However, water shortage is becoming increasingly severe, so we must learn how to save water.In fact, it_is_high_time_we thought of ways to save water. Firstly， an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use.
17、Secondly， new methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources，for example, turning sea water into fresh water. Thirdly， we must stop water pollution by law. Last_but_not_least， its everyones responsibility to make_good_use_of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily li
18、fe.Only_when everyone takes_an_active_part can we really help save our limited_water_resources.精彩点评本文运用了较高级的词汇，如a large amount of“大量”，make good use of“好好利用”，take an active part“积极参与”，limited water resources“有限的水资源”，等。用了firstly, secondly, thirdly, last but not least等连接词。还有高级句式，如It is high time (that)
19、.“到了做某事的时候了”，“only从句”放句首，句子采用部分倒装，等。为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEARTTOHEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑Jamie，收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。请用英文给该同学写一封回信。内容要点如下：1表示理解并给予安慰；2提出建议并说明理由。注意：1.词数120左右；2信中不能出现与本人相关的信息；3信的开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：脾气，情绪temper n.Hi Worried，Im sorry to know that youre h
20、aving such a bad time at the moment._Yours，Jamie答案Hi_Worried，Im_sorry_to_know_that_youre_having_such_a_bad_time_at_the_moment. The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you dont have to worry so much. The important thing is to learn to control y
21、our temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret. Here are three useful tips：First, talk to someone you trust about how you feel. This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself. Second, go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exerc
22、ise is an effective way to get rid of anger. And third, remain optimistic about your future. Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.I hope youll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal.Yours，Jamie课后作业(十二).用适当的连接词填空1It is said _ Peter will have a chance to travel
23、 abroad next month.2_ will take the place of Mr. Li as our new headmaster hasnt been decided.3It is uncertain _ side effects the medicine will bring about.4_ he didnt come yesterday is unknown.5It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.6It seems
24、 to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.7_ struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.8_ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.9_ Liu Yang ate her food in space is _ we want to know.10I read about it in some book or another. Does it mat
25、ter _ it was?答案1.that2.Who3.what4.Why5.whether6that7.What8.Whoever9.How; what10.which.单句改错1That he could overcome difficulties by himself is still unknown._2That they want to know is how the accident happened._3That remains to be seen whether he will recover._4Why is known to all that Li Hua is the
26、best student in our class._5What she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence._答案1.ThatWhether2.ThatWhat3.ThatIt4.WhyIt5.WhatThat.阅读理解AWhat would it be like to live on Mars? Volunteers are spending eight months in an area that looks much like the surface of Mars. They are isolated
27、(孤立) high on top of Mauna Loa, a volcanic mountain on the Big Island of Hawaii，living on a simulated(模仿的) or makebelieve, Mars Base.The project called HISEAS is in the charge of Kim Binsted. She says this wild environment is as close to Mars as you can find on the earth. Because it is so high, the l
28、and is not warm or rich with plants, like the rest of Hawaii.“You will see there is really no visible plant life or animal life. And you have got this wonderful volcanic material.”Mauna Loa, 2,500 meters above sea level, is geologically very similar to Olympus Mons on Mars and almost as tall as that
29、 Martian mountain. When measured from its base, deep in the ocean, Mauna Loa is the second largest mountain in our solar system, after the one on Mars.The six member HISEAS crew is mostly selfsufficient. Food and supplies are brought to them. But the individuals bringing those supplies cannot commun
30、icate with volunteers inside the habitat, or base.Kim Binsted says this experiment looks at how the astronauts get along with each other. “We study how well they work together, how we can keep them happy and supported, and not wanting to kill each other over the long duration(期间)”Crew members commun
31、icate with the outside world through email and blogs. They also produce video on the YouTube website, like this one from mission commander Martha Lenio.“I am really enjoying this opportunity to live here and pretend that Im on Mars and get to learn all sorts of new skills，” one of them said.“Whoever
32、 gets there first, the trip will not be easy，” says Kim Binsted.“It is going to be challenging.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人类一直以来都梦想着探索火星，六名志愿者正在夏威夷的一座山上体验长达八个月的模拟火星环境的生活。1What do we know about Olympus Mons?AIt is 2,500 meters above sea level.BIt is geologically similar to Mauna Loa.CIt is the second largest mou
33、ntain on the earth.DIt is a mountain on the Big Island of Hawaii.解析考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的“Mauna Loa, 2,500 meters above sea level, is geologically very similar to Olympus Mons on Mars and almost as tall as that Martian mountain.”可知，火星上的奥林匹斯山和夏威夷的莫纳罗亚山在地质上非常相似，故选B项。答案B2What is the purpose of the experiment
34、?ATo set up a space station.BTo explore new settlement for humans.CTo study how the astronauts treat each other.DTo prove humans can live in whatever conditions.解析考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第五段的“Kim Binsted says this experiment looks at how the astronauts get along with each other.”可知，实验的目的是研究宇航员在孤立的环境下如何和他人交往。答案
35、C3Which can be the best title for the text?AVolunteers First Explore MarsBVolunteers Experience Life in HawaiiCVolunteers Get Taste of Mars in HawaiiDVolunteers Study the Environment on Mars解析考查标题归纳。文章主要介绍了志愿者在夏威夷的一座山上体验模拟火星环境的生活，故选C项。答案CBRussia is planning on making regular launches to the Internat
36、ional Space Station (ISS) for wealthy tourists willing to pay top dollar for a trip to space. The newly proposed package also involves spacewalks, a first for space tourism. If all that sounds very exciting, wait until you hear the price tagas much as $100 million a person. Yikes!Vladimir Solntsev,
37、CEO of Russian space company Energia, broke the news that his company wants to serve a market thats eager to travel and enjoy life in space. Tourists will be able to “go out on a spacewalk and make a film，” he said.Energia is working on a new module(分离舱) called NEM2 which will be able to carry four
38、to six people. Its luxurious accommodation by astronauts standards or anything theyve been used to up until now. Solntsev says the module will be fitted with comfortable cabins, two toilets, and Internet access. He gave a rough launch date for 2019, adding that American aerospace giant Boeing expres
39、sed interest to become a partner.The Russian CEO estimates it will send five to six tourists to space a year, with each trip lasting up to 10 days at the International Space Station.The first space tourist was Dennis A. Tito, a California multimillionaire, who shelved $20 million for a ride and spen
40、t eight days in the International Space Station with two astronauts in 2001. Guy Laliberte, the founder of Canadas Cirque du Soleil, paid more than $35 million for 12 days at the ISS in 2009. In total, 7 space tourists have made 8 space flights.Some of you might think theres no chance youll ever get
41、 to spacenot with these prices. But thats the thingthese prices wont stay this shockingly high forever. Not too long ago, owning an automobile was also prohibitively expensive, so was a ride on an airplane. Innovations(创新) like reusable rockets and new capsule designs mean that someday, a trip to sp
42、ace will be within the reach of those with more modest fortunes.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。俄罗斯航空航天领域的商业化十分活跃，有意为“富豪游客”打造国际空间站的旅行项目，其中还包括太空行走哦！4Which privilege will the tourists to the ISS enjoy?APaying top dollar.BGoing for a spacewalk.CStarring in a film with Boeing.DMaking friends with wealthy tourists.解析考查细节
43、理解。由第一段中的“The newly proposed package also involves spacewalks，a first for space tourism.”可知，国际空间站的旅行者可以享受太空行走。答案B5What does “luxurious” probably mean in Paragraph 3?ANarrow and small.BSpacious but uncomfortable.CComfortable and expensive.DEconomical and practical.解析考查词义猜测。根据第三段的“Its luxurious accomm
44、odation by astronauts standards or anything theyve been used to up until now. Solntsev says the module will be fitted with comfortable cabins, two toilets, and Internet access.”可知，居住条件参照宇航员标准或目前“游客”所习惯的任何标准，加之第二句所提及的优越环境，可知该词应该是“既舒适又昂贵”的意思。答案C6What did Dennis A. Tito and Guy Laliberte have in common
45、?ANumber of days at the ISS.BThe amount of money they spent.CTheir status as wealthy people.DThe year when they went to the ISS.解析考查细节理解。由第五段可知，二人都是支付了高昂的费用才获得了国际空间站旅行的机会，故选C。答案C7What can we learn from the last paragraph?ANo money, no spacewalk.BOwning an automobile is out of reach for ordinary peop
46、le.CThe price of going to space will decrease in the near future.DSocial development makes it possible for us to go to space.解析考查推理判断。由最后一段中的“Innovations like reusable rockets and new capsule designs mean that someday, a trip to space will be within the reach of those with more modest fortunes.”可知，未
47、来科技的革新将使得普通人畅游太空成为可能。答案D.短文改错Hello, everyone! Now Id like to introduce myself to all of you.I am the Senior 1 student, so I have been here for about a year. I work hard at my lessons in my new school. In my spare time, I like to do some interested sports with my classmates, who often teaches me how
48、to play basketball and football. But now, as the final exam is coming, he cant spend too many time on sports. Every day, I am busy prepare myself for the examination. Although I dont have a lot of free time, but the busy life has taught me how to effectively make a balance between study and entertai
49、nment. Of all my subject, I love English better.答案.书面表达随着科学技术的发展，人类太空旅游将不再是遥远的梦想。假设你是李华，对太空探索极感兴趣，现在请写一篇英语短文，设想在今年暑假去太空旅游，如何克服失重条件下的吃饭和喝水的问题。词数：100左右。答案If I went to travel in space, there would be a problem I might be faced with: how to eat and drink in outer space.I would have to take all my foods
50、with me if I went to space travel, but in outer space, the gravity is so weak that the food will float around if it is solid. I must make sure that it is specially made as liquid space food. It could be put in a tube and then I would be able to suck it more easily. Perhaps I would use a straw to eat it. It can prevent the food from floating away.Only in this way would the problem be solved. I might have a happy visit to space in that way. I will have a try in time.
