1、Period Two Introduction & Reading and SpeakingLanguage points.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10小题；每题1分，满分10分)1linguist n语言学家2accent n口音3motorway n高速公路4underground n地铁5subway n地铁6flashlight n手电筒；火把7omit vt.省略8steadily adv.不断地；持续地9satellite n卫星10flick n轻打；轻弹；抖动.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)11显然的；显而易见的 adj.obvious12令人
2、困惑的 adj.confusing13介词 npreposition14比较 pare15种类 n. variety16不同，有区别 vi.differ17移民；定居者 nsettler18评论；讲话 nremark19开关 nswitch20结构；体系 nstructure.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每题3分，满分30分)21有相同的特点have.in common22有影响，使不相同make a difference23四处走动(旅行)get around24与相似be similar to25做某事有困难have difficulty (in) doing sth.2
3、6引起；导致lead to 27compare.with.把和相比28turn on打开29as well as除之外；也；还30lead sb.to do sth.使得某人做某事.完成句子(共5小题；每题8分，满分40分)31Americans use a flashlight，while for the British，its a torch.美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人则叫它torch。32The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.这两种英语
4、在其他两个方面也有不同，即拼写和发音。33Since the 1980s，with satellite TV and the Internet，it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch.自从20世纪80年代以来，通过卫星电视和互联网，只需按一下开关就可能听到英式和美式英语。34This nonstop communication，the experts think，has made it easier for British people and America
5、ns to understand each other.专家们认为，这样不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。35But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.但是这也致使大量美式单词和结构传入英式英语，所以现在有些人认为英式英语将会消失。重点词汇 We have really everything in commo
6、n with America nowadays，except of course，language.现今我们真的与美国在每一件事情上都有共同之处，当然语言除外。have.in common (with)(和)有共同之处，(和)有相同的特点have a lot/much/little/nothing in common with和有许多/几乎没有/没有共同之处in common with sb./sth.与某人/某物一样 (1)What surprised me most is that the twins have nothing in common with each other.使我最为吃
7、惊的是这对双胞胎毫无共同之处。(2)We two have so much in common that we can get along very well.我们俩有这么多的共同点，以至于能够很好地相处。(3)In common with most young people，he is fond of playing basketball.与大多数年轻人一样，他喜欢打篮球。 The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. 首先并且最明显的区别是在词汇方面。obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的Its obvious that.很明
8、显obviously adv.显而易见地，明显地，显然 (1)It is obvious that smart phones are well received by people nowadays.智能手机现在很受欢迎，这是显而易见的。(2)Obviously(obvious)，she didnt refer to you as her best friend.显然，她没有把你当作她的好朋友。句型转换(3)Obviously，the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.It was obvious that
9、the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. .or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American). 或者你更愿意乘坐出租车taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。get around四处走动(旅行)；(消息、谣言等)传开，传播get across使理解；传达；把讲清楚get along进展；相处get away from摆脱get down to开始，着手get through到达；完成；渡
10、过(难关)；(使)通过；(打电话时)打通get over克服；恢复 (1)Soon the news that he was put into prison got around.很快，他入狱的消息就传开了。(2)I tried calling you several times，but I couldnt get through.我试着给你打了好几次电话，但是没有打通。(3)He has difficulty getting his ideas across to the people present at the meeting.他很难向出席会议的人讲清楚自己的观点。(4)If you c
11、an get over your present difficulties，then everything should be all right.如果你能克服目前的困难，一切都会顺利。(5)Its time that we should get down to some serious business.是时候我们干点正事了。 Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be confusing.有时，同一个单词在意义上有细微的差别，这可能令人困惑。confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的conf
12、use vt.使困惑；混淆confuse.with.把与混淆confused adj.困惑的；混乱的be confused about对迷惑不解confusion n疑惑；混乱in confusion困惑地 (1)She stepped down，looking confused.(2018天津)她走下来，看上去很困惑。(2)So much alike are you and your sister that I always confuse you with her.你与你妹妹长得太像了，我总是把你和她弄混。(3)They confused me by asking so many conf
13、using questions and I was standing there in confusion，not knowing what to do.(confuse)他们问了我许多难懂的问题，使我困惑不已。我困惑地站在那儿，不知道该干什么。 pare on the team，on the weekend(American)with in the team，at the weekend(British). 比较一下on the team，on the weekend(美式)和in the team，at the weekend(英式)。compare vt.比较，对比compare.wit
14、h.把和比较compare.to.把比作compared to/with与相比(在句中作状语)compare notes with sb.与某人交换意见comparison n比较，对照 (1)I compared my handwriting with hers and then realized that I needed to practice more.我把自己的书写与她的书写进行了对比，然后意识到我还需要多加练习。(2)It is said that Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.据说，莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。(3)Film ha
15、s a much shorter history，especially when compared(compare) to such art forms as music and painting.电影的历史比较短，尤其是和音乐、绘画这样的艺术形式相比。(4)Comparing(compare) the two cultures will give you a better understanding of the differences between them.比较这两种文化会让你更加了解他们的不同之处。一句多译(5)把这个与那个进行比较，你会看到哪一个更好。Compare this on
16、e with that one，and you will see which one is better.(祈使句)If you compare this one with that one，you will see which one is better.(状语从句)Comparing this one with that one，you will see which one is better.(分词作状语) The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.这两种英语的
17、另外两个有区别的方面是拼写和发音。differ vi.不同，有区别differ from与不同differ in sth.在某方面不同different adj.不同的，有区别的A be different from B in sth.在某方面A和B不同difference n不同之处，区别make a difference (to sb./sth.)(对)有影响；使不相同 (1)As teachers，you must believe that you can make a difference to the lives of your students.作为教师，你们必须坚信你们能够影响你
18、们的学生们的一生。(2)To be frank，studying for a degree in a different (differ) culture is never easy.(2018北京)坦白地说，在外国攻读学位绝不是一件容易的事。(3)Their tastes differ from each other so they differ widely in their opinions.他们的口味不同，因此他们的观点极不相同。句型转换(4)British English and American English differ in many ways.British English
19、 differs from American English in many ways.British English is different from American English in many ways.There are differences between British English and American English in many ways. The accent，which is most similar to British English，can be heard on the East Coast of the US.在美国东海岸能够听到与英国英语非常相
20、似的口音。be similar to与相似，类似于be similar in 在方面相似similarly adv.类似地，相似地，同样 (1)I am amazed to find that Jacks interests are similar to mine.我惊讶地发现杰克的兴趣和我的相似。(2)As a matter of fact，we are somewhat similar in taste.事实上，我们的口味有点相似。 (3)I am wrong.Similarly(similar)，you are to blame.我错了。同样，你也有责任。 When the Irish
21、writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language，he was obviously thinking about the differences.当爱尔兰作家乔治萧伯纳讲“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个国家”那句名言的时候，他显然想到了它们的区别。remark n评论；讲话 v评论；谈论；说起make a remark on就发表意见remark on/upon对进行评论；谈到rem
22、ark that.评论/说remarkable adj.显著的；引人注目的；卓越的 (1)The teacher remarked that the article written by my deskmate was well written.老师评论说，我的同桌写的那篇文章写得很好。(2)It would be rude to remark on/upon her looks.对她评头论足是不礼貌的。一句多译(3)不要评论别人的私事。Don t remark on/upon others private affairs.(remark v)Dont make remarks/a remar
23、k on others private affairs.(remark n) A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人讲话比听懂纽约人讲话更难。have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难have difficulty with sth.在方面有困难(后常接名词)have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难have a hard time (in)
24、 doing sth.做某事有困难have problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 (1)As she grew older，she had more difficulty(in) keeping focused.随着年龄的增长，她更难集中精力。(2)So little education did he have that he had trouble (in) finding a job.他接受的教育太少，以至于他很难找到工作。(3)Whenever we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us
25、 patiently.每当我们在学习上有困难时，我们的老师总是耐心地帮助我们。(4)The difficulties the kids had (in) climbing the mountain was unbelievable.孩子们在爬山时遇到的困难令人难以置信。 But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English.但是这也致使大量美式单词和结构传入英式英语lead to引起；导致；通往(to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词)lead.to.引导到lead sb.
26、to do sth.促使某人做某事 (1)Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.过量的工作和过少的休息经常引起疾病。(2)What do you think led Tom to think(think) so?你认为是什么使得汤姆这样认为？(3)The new evidence led to the thief being caught(catch) in the end.新证据最终使得小偷被抓。(4)The road leading(lead) to the city center is always busy.通
27、往市中心的路总是很繁忙。经典句式 Since the 1980s，with satellite TV and the Internet，it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch.自20世纪80年代以来，随着卫星电视和因特网的使用，按一下开关就能听到英式英语和美式英语。在此句式中it为形式主语，to listen to.不定式短语为真正的主语。,it作形式主语时的常用句型：it谓语形容词/名词/分词to do/doing/that从句。(1)It took him
28、 a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.(2018天津)他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀的舞蹈家所需要的技能。(2)It is no use reciting(recite) the key points without understanding them.背诵这些要点而不理解是没用的。(3)Its strange that he should have taken the books without the owners permission.(2018江苏)很奇怪，他竟然未经主人的同意就拿走
29、了那些书。 This nonstop communication，the experts think，has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。句中画线部分是“make宾语宾补”结构的一种特殊形式，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的不定式短语。当宾语较长，且宾语后有补语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到补语后面。当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：makeitadj./n.
30、(for sb.) to do sth.makeitadj./n.that从句常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。 (1)To make it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand.为了更容易地和我们保持联系，你最好把这张卡片放在手边。(2)We thought it no use explaining to him what happened here because he didnt care.我们认为向他解释这里发生了什么是没用的，因为他并不关心。(3)
31、The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell(tell) one from the other.这两个女孩如此相像以至于陌生人很难把她们区分开。句式升级(4)Susan told me clearly that she wished to make a new life for herself.(用it作形式宾语)Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.(5)I think reading in be
32、d is no good，which does great harm to your eyes.(用it作形式宾语)I think it no good reading in bed，which does great harm to your eyes.单句语法填空1Recently a survey comparing(compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.2As a matter of fact，it is no good
33、 cheating(cheat) in the exams.3There is a very long，winding path leading(lead) to the house.4Each of us can make a difference in protecting the endangered species from extinction.5She makes it a rule that her children wash their hands before having meals.6Students have to overcome plenty of difficul
34、ties and fears to gain remarkable(remark) achievements in their academic performance.7To my amazement，his opinion is similar to mine in many aspects.8You just cant imagine the difficulty we had working (work) out the problem.选词填空9The news shocked the public，leading to great concern about students sa
35、fety at school.10With this map helping us，we had no difficulty in finding his house last Saturday.11Some people are more attracted to those who are similar to them.12In the crowded city，cycling is the best way to get around as it needs little parking space.13It is rude to remark on others behind the
36、ir back.基础巩固.单词拼写1He speaks English with a strong Irish accent.2The station was crowded with people.We had to queue up for an hour for the tickets.3There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.4Ideas on childcare may differ considerably between the parents.5We carefully compared(比较) the first
37、report with the second yesterday.6The instructions are so confusing(令人困惑的) that I have done it all wrong.7He remarked(谈论) on the differences in security measures at the two airports.选词填空8People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress.9Teachers often confuse me with my twin sister.1
38、0The police compared the suspects fingerprints with those found at the crime scene.11People from Shanghai can easily understand Suzhou dialect，for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 12It could make a difference between missing your train and getting to work on time.单句语法填空13To a
39、void confusion(confuse)，the teams wore different colours.14Compared to/with that one，this one is better in quality.15It is obvious that China can make a difference in the world today and tomorrow.16A variety(vary) of goods for daily use are available in the shopping mall.17Generally speaking，friends
40、 have much in common with each other.18You cant imagine the difficulty he had climbing(climb) onto the cliff to save the boy in trouble.19It has got around that the famous star will get married for the third time.20He didnt work hard all the term.Obviously(obvious)，he cant pass the exam.21We struggl
41、e to make a difference，to change the world，to dream of hope.完成句子22He likes playing basketball，while I like listening to music.他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。23No matter where/Wherever he travels，he misses his homeland.无论他到哪里旅行，他都很想念他的祖国。24It is possible for him to pass the exam this time.他这次有可能通过考试。25The heavy fog
42、made it difficult for him to see the road clearly.大雾使他很难看清道路。26Ill give you all the facts so that you can judge for yourself.我会把所有事实都告诉你，以便你能自己做出判断。能力提升.阅读理解 Not many women have won the Nobel Peace Prize.Until 2004，no African woman ever had.That was when Dr.Wangari Maathai won itfor planting trees.Y
43、ou might ask，what do trees have to do with peace? “Many wars are fought over resources(资源)，” Dr.Maathai said as she accepted the prize.“If we conserve resources better，the fighting will stop.”Dr.Maathai was born in Kenya in 1940.Unlike most African women，she went to school.High school woke up a hung
44、er in her for more knowledge.She went to college in Kansas and earned a masters degree in science from the University of Pittsburgh.She became the first Kenyan woman ever to earn a Ph.D.Later，Dr.Maathai taught animal science at Kenyas University of Nairobi.As an educated woman，Dr.Maathai feels respo
45、nsible for leading others.Dr.Maathai started her work in 1977 by planting nine trees in her backyard in Kenya.Trees are important in Africa for several reasons.First，they keep soil from eroding(流失) into streams，thus cutting down on pollution and improving the soil.Second，trees provide firewood.So ma
46、ny trees have been cut down in Africa that women must walk far from home to find wood for cooking.New trees can also keep deserts from spreading.Dr.Maathais Green Belt Movement pays local women for every tree they plant that is still alive three months later.In its first 15 years，the Green Belt Move
47、ment employed at least 50,000 women and planted more than 10 million trees.Following Dr.Maathais example，the Kenyan government increased its own treeplanting efforts.The movement has spread to 30 countries in Africa.When the land and peoples lives have improved，Dr.Maathai says，peace will follow.27Th
48、e underlined word “conserve” in Paragraph 1 probably means “ ”Ause BprotectCfind Dprovide答案B解析词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“Many wars are fought over resources”以及下文描述种树带来的诸多益处可知，如果资源能很好地被保护，那么以争夺资源为由的战争也就会停止，由此可推测出conserve为“保护”之意。故选B。28Dr.Wangari Maathai is the first African woman to .Awin the Nobel Peace PrizeBenc
49、ourage people to plant treesCget a masters degree in scienceDrealize the power of knowledge答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Not many women have won the Nobel Peace Prize.Until 2004，no African woman ever had.That was when Dr.Wangari Maathai won itfor planting trees.”可知，Dr.Wangari Maathai是非洲第一个获得诺贝尔和平奖的女性。故选A。29Wha
50、ts Paragraph 3 mainly about?AThe importance of trees.BHow trees prevent pollution.CHow planting trees works in Africa.DThe history of treeplanting in Africa.答案A解析段落大意题。根据文章第三段的主题句“Trees are important in Africa for several reasons.”可知，本段主要说明树的重要性。故选A。30The Green Belt Movement .Aaims to provide job op
51、portunities for womenBattracted the worlds attention to AfricaCpays for every newlyplanted treeDcovered a large area in Africa答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The movement has spread to 30 countries in Africa.”可知，绿带运动覆盖了非洲大片区域。故选D。.完形填空The day finally came，when I had to leave the warm home where Id grown up.I ra
52、n to the back yard(后院)，as tears came up from my heart.Suddenly I 31 a hand rest on my shoulder.I looked up to 32 my grandfather.“It isnt 33 ，is it，Billy？” he said softly.Gently 34 my hand in his，we walked，hand in hand，to the front yard， 35 a huge red rosebush sat alone.“What do you see here，Billy？”
53、he asked.I looked at the flowers，not knowing 36 to say，and then answered，“I see something soft and 37 ，grandpa.”He pulled me 38 .“It isnt just the roses that are beautiful，Billy.Its that special place in your heart that makes them so.”“Billy，I 39 these roses when my first son was born.It was my 40 o
54、f saying thank you to God.I 41 to watch him pick roses for his mother.Then，as a young man of only 20，a terrible war robbed him of his life.” Grandpa slowly stood up.“Never say goodbye，Billy.Never 42 to the sadness and the loneliness.Instead，I want you to remember the joy and the 43 when you first sa
55、id hello to a friend.”A year later，my grandpa became very 44 .Then all members of the family were 45 back，and I returned to the old house.When it came to my 46 ，I took his hand as 47 as he had once taken mine.“Hello，grandpa，” I 48 .His eyes slowly opened and said，“Hello，my friend.” With a brief 49 h
56、e died.Suddenly and truly，I knew what he had 50 about never saying goodbyeabout refusing to give in to sadness.语篇解读文章主要传递的信息是：决不向悲伤屈服，决不说再见。要笑对人生的不如意，拥有乐观心态。31A.felt BfixedCwatched Dheard答案A解析feel感觉到；fix固定；watch观察；hear听到。句意为：我跑到后院，任泪水流淌，突然我感觉到有一只手放在我的肩膀上。feel符合语境，故选A项。32A.watch BinterviewCdiscover D
57、see答案D解析watch看，观看，强调动作；interview面试；discover发现；see看见，强调看的结果。句意为：我抬头看见我的爷爷。故选D项。33A.difficult BhardCeasy Dcomfortable答案C解析difficult 困难的；hard艰难的，硬的；easy容易的；comfortable舒适的。爷爷看到作者因为要离开温暖的家而伤心，柔声说道：“(离开家)不容易，是吧？”。故选C项。34A.making BtakingCleading Dcarrying答案B解析make制造；take拿走，取；lead引导，导致；carry运送，搬运。根据倒数第二段最后一
58、句“.I took his hand as as he had once taken mine.”可知，此处应填take，与下文相呼应，意为“轻轻地握着我的手”，故选B项。35A.where BwhenCwhich Dwhile答案A解析分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为the front yard，所填词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。36A.what BhowCwho Dwhether答案A解析此处指作者看着花不知说什么。 to say为宾语从句，say后缺宾语，故用what引导。37A.red BtastyCfunny Dbeautiful答案D解析red红的；tas
59、ty可口的，美味的；funny滑稽的，可笑的；beautiful漂亮的，美丽的。根据下文“It isnt just the roses that are beautiful”可知，作者对玫瑰花的评价是soft and beautiful。故选D项。38A.close BhardCfar Daround答案A解析close靠近地；hard艰难地；far久远地；around到处。爷爷拉着作者靠近玫瑰花，说道：“这并不仅仅是玫瑰花本身美丽，而是它们在你心中的特别的位置使它们美丽。”故选A项。39A.bought BplantedCtreated Ddiscovered答案B解析buy买；plant种
60、植；treat对待，款待；discover发现。此处指爷爷在第一个儿子出生时，种植了(plant)这些玫瑰花，故B项符合题意。40A.choice BmethodCway Dsolution答案C解析句意为：这是我对上帝说感谢的方式，即种上漂亮的玫瑰花。choice选择；method方法，措施；way方式，方法；solution解决方案，办法。a/the way of doing sth./to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”。故选C项。41A.preferred BwantedCpromised Dused答案D解析prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事；want to do s
61、th.想要做某事；promise to do sth.答应做某事；used to do sth.过去常常做某事。爷爷过去常常看到他(大儿子)摘花给他母亲，而现在无法看到了，因战争夺去了他年轻的生命。根据语境可知选D项。42A.give up Bgive offCgive in Dgive away答案C解析give up放弃；give off 发出气味等；give in屈服，让步；give away泄露，赠送。根据文章最后一句中的“about never saying goodbyeabout refusing to give in to sadness”可知，要填give in，与下文相照应
62、。句意为：决不向悲伤和孤独妥协。故选C项。43A.word BhappinessCsight Dmemory答案B解析word单词，话；happiness快乐；sight 看见；memory记忆。and连接并列结构，前面是joy，故此处用joy的同义词happiness。故选B项。44A.ill BweakCold Dserious答案A解析ill生病的；weak虚弱的；old老的；serious严重的。根据下文“家庭成员都赶回来”及最后“爷爷去世”可知，此处指爷爷病得很严重了。故选A项。45A.ordered BcalledCdelivered Dsent答案B解析order命令；call叫
63、，打电话；deliver 邮递； send派送。爷爷病重，家庭成员都被叫回来(跟他道别)。 call back叫回来。故填B项。46A.pleasure BdutyCturn Dwish答案C解析pleasure 快乐；duty责任；turn轮到的机会；wish愿望。此处指爷爷临终前轮到作者道别的时候。故选C项。47A.happily BsadlyCcarefully Dgently答案D解析happily快乐地；sadly悲伤地；carefully小心地，仔细地；gently轻轻地，温柔地。上文提到爷爷曾轻轻地握着作者的手，故此处指在爷爷临终前，作者轻轻地握着他的手。故选D项。48A.lau
64、ghed BshoutedCadded Dwhispered答案D解析laugh大笑；shout大声喊；add补充，接着说；whisper低语，耳语。根据常识可知，对一个临终的人应该是低声说。故选D项。49A.sign BsighCsmile Dwave答案C解析sign记号，符号；sigh叹气；smile 微笑；wave挥手。根据最后一句话的提示，此处指爷爷含笑(smile)而逝。故选C项。50A.thought BmeantCworried Dcared答案B解析think想，认为；mean意味，打算；worry担心；care关心，在乎。句意为：我突然明白他说“决不说再见”的真正含义：不向
65、悲伤屈服。.语法填空Now whenever I get close to losing my 51. (patient)，Ill think of a report that I watched on TV years ago.It 52. (report) that nearly 100,000 people died from traffic accidents that year，causing a lot of damage and pain for individuals and society.Road safety has aroused 53. (wide) attentio
66、n of the public than ever before.In recent years，many rules 54. (make) to reduce the traffic crashes，especially for the ones 55. (involve) in the pedestrians.As far as Im concerned，we should take road safety 56. (serious) in our daily life.While 57. (use) the road，we must walk on the pavement，take n
67、otice of the traffic lights and learn to protect ourselves.Besides，car drivers should obey the traffic rules，58. is both good for themselves and others.Above all，we should teach our children to treasure life and get to know and obey the traffic rules.All in all，life is so precious that we cant affor
68、d to lose it.Obeying the traffic rules is 59. all of us should pay attention to particularly.Only by attaching great importance to traffic safety can we all live 60. better life.51答案patience解析考查名词。形容词性物主代词my后接名词。patience n耐心。52答案was reported解析考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是句型“It was reported that.”，意为“据报道”。53答案
69、wider解析考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的attention和than可知，此处用比较级。54答案have been made解析考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的in recent years可知，用现在完成时，且rules和make是动宾关系，故此处是被动意义。故用现在完成时的被动语态。55答案involved解析考查非谓语动词。involve vt.使卷入，与the ones之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。56答案seriously解析考查副词。此处是副词修饰动词take。take.seriously 重视。57答案using解析考查状语从句的省略。此处完整句为：While we are using the road，we must.。58答案which解析考查定语从句的引导词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文的整件事情，且在从句中作主语。59答案what解析考查名词性从句。此处引导表语从句且在从句中作pay attention to的宾语，故用what。60答案a解析考查冠词。live a.life过的生活，是固定搭配。