1、上海市松江一中2021届高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）II. Grammar and Vocabulary (30)Section A （15%）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other bla
2、nks, use one word that best fits each blank.Learning Quickly from MistakesMercy Cherono is one of many very successful young athletes from Kenya. She was born in 1991 in the village of Kipajit. She is _1_ (old) of six children, and some of the other children in her family are also athletes. Her fath
3、er, John Koech, runs a training camp in the village. During the school holidays, the camp_2_ attract over 50 trainees.Cherono started running in primary school and continued when she went to secondary school in the nearby town of Sotik. At the age of 16, she participated in the 2007 International As
4、sociation of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Cross Country Championships, _3_(hold) in Mombasa. Kenya. It was her first international event. Despite the fact _4_ she finished 23rd in the junior race, she had launched herself into international athletics. In the same year, at the World Youth Champ
5、ionships at Ostrava in the Czech Republic, she won a gold medal in the 3,000-meter race, _5_she ran in the championship record time of 8: 53:94.In the coming years, she continued to win gold medals at famous international championships. She is a two-time World Junior Champion in the 3,000-meter race
6、, _6_(win) in Poland in 2008, and again in Canada in 2010. She also came in first in the 3,000-meter race at the 2009 Africa Junior Championships. However, Cherono is not just a middle-distance runner. At the 2009 World Cross Country Championships in Jordan, she won a silver medal in the junior race
7、. She lost to the Ethiopian long-distance runner Genzebe Dibaba _7_ she tried to jump too early to the finishing line. After the race, Cherono claimed, I will not repeat that mistake again.”The following year, at the same cross-country race, Cherono proved herself when she won a gold medal. Incredib
8、ly, _8_ of the three runners-up were from Kenya, too. She and the Kenyan team came home to a heros welcome. Her coach was excited and owed the success of the Kenyan team_9_ hard training and determination. And her father said, our child is a disciplined girl who has always taken instructions. Perhap
9、s one day Mercy Cherono _10_ (instruct) future champions.【答案】1. the oldest 2. can 3. held 4. that 5. which 6. winning 7. because 8. all 9. to 10. will instruct【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了肯尼亚成功的年轻运动员之一Mercy Cherono。【1题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：她是六个孩子中最大的一个，她家里的其他一些孩子也是运动员。根据句意和空格后的of six children可知，应填形容词最高级。故填the oldest。【
10、2题详解】考查情态动词。句意：在学校放假期间，夏令营能够吸引50多名学员。分析句子可知，空格处需要填情态动词和后面动词原形一起构成复合谓语，根据句意应表示“能够”，由前文runs可知，此处为一般现在时，故填can。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：16岁时，她参加了在蒙巴萨肯尼亚举行的2007年国际田联(IAAF)世界越野锦标赛。分析句子可知，空格处应为非谓语动词作定语修饰逗号前名词词组“the 2007 International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Cross Country Championships”，ho
11、ld和该词组之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填held。【4题详解】考查同位语从句引导词。句意：尽管她在少年组比赛中获得第23名，但她已经投身国际田径运动。分析句子可知，空格处引导同位语从句，对the fact进行补充说明，从句成分和意义都完整，应用连接词that。故填that。【5题详解】考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：同年，在捷克共和国的奥斯特拉瓦举行的世界青年锦标赛上，她在3000米赛跑中获得金牌，并以8:53:94的成绩打破了冠军纪录。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the 3,000-meter race，且在从句中充当介词in的宾语，应使用关系代词which（t
12、hat不能引导非限制性定语从句），故填which。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她曾两次在3000米比赛中获得世界青少年冠军，2008年在波兰夺冠，2010年在加拿大夺冠。分析句子可知，空格处应用非谓语动词作状语，动词win和主语she是主动关系，应用其现在分词形式winning。故填winning。【7题详解】考查从属连词。句意：她输给了埃塞俄比亚长跑运动员Genzebe Dibaba，因为她试图过早地跳到终点线。后文“she tried to jump too early to the finishing line.”是“She lost to the Ethiopian long-d
13、istance runner Genzebe Dibaba”的原因，应用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。8题详解】考查不定代词。句意：令人难以置信的是，三位亚军也都来自肯尼亚。根据句意以及空格后of the three runners-up可知，此处表三者全部，应填不定代词all “全部”。故填all。【9题详解】考查介词。句意：她的教练很兴奋，并把肯尼亚队的成功归功于刻苦训练和决心。owe sth to意为“归功于”，是固定搭配。故填to。【10题详解】考查动词时态。句意：也许有一天Mercy Cherono会指导未来的冠军。根据前文Perhaps one day以及后文
14、future champions可知此句应用一般将来时。故填will instruct。Section B (15%)Directions: After reading the passage and the sentences below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.Daily Life in Ancient AfricaA. respectable
15、 B. unique C. graduating D. return E. evident F. movedG. distinctive H. travelled I. harmony J. creativity K. winningThis painting titled Enchanied Melody (1986) (魔法旋律) was created by the Iranian master of Persian miniature Mahmoud Farshchian (1930-).He was born in the great city of architecture, ar
16、t and love, Esfahan. At the age of five, it became _11_ that his life would be devoted to art and painting. His father, a _12_ Persian Carpet merchant in Esfahan, encouraged his interest in design and planted the seeds of art in his heart. While still in school, he was invited to learn painting from
17、 the famous masters of the time. After _13_ from the Academy of Fine Arts in Isfahan, he _14_ to Europe to study the works of western artists. Upon his _15_ to Isfahan, he began working in the Directorate of Fine Arts. He joined the Faculty of Fine Arts of Tehran University as an art professor. It w
18、as there that he created many of his _16_ masterpieces. And then he _17_ to the United States and currently resides in New York.The painting, Enchanted Melody, portrays the beautiful ancient story of falling in love. There is _18_ with mature and the melody of the flute (长笛) flows through the rich a
19、ir of a sweet autumn day. The man is clearly successful in winning the young womans heart by playing the flute. He has achieved a _19_ style and created a school of his own in painting. Some of his talents are his own wonderful sense of _20_, his motive designs, his creation of round spaces, his smo
20、oth and powerful lines, and his creation of undulating colors.Today, Farshchian does not only belong to Iran, but he is a global artist. He had travelled the globe, studied, taught and worked with various global artists and left us a rich legacy of artwork.【答案】11. E 12. A 13. C 14. H 15. D 16. B 17.
21、 F 18. I 19. G 20. J【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球闻名的艺术家Farshchian及其作品。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：在他五岁的时候，很明显，他的一生将致力于艺术和绘画。it became evident that很明显。evident明显的。故选E。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：他的父亲是一位在伊斯法罕的受人尊敬的波斯地毯商人，鼓励他对设计的兴趣，并在他心中播下艺术的种子。修饰名词merchant，前用形容词形式。respectable值得尊重的。故选A。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从伊斯法罕美术学院毕业后，他前往欧洲学习西方艺术家的作品。句
22、中逻辑主语he与graduate之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。所以填graduating。故选C。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：从伊斯法罕美术学院毕业后，他前往欧洲学习西方艺术家的作品。句中缺少谓语动词。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。所以填travelled。故选H。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：回到伊斯法罕后，他开始在美术理事会工作。介词upon后接名词或动名词，根据形容词性物主代词his可知，用名词形式。所以填return。故选D。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：正是在那里，他创作了许多独特的杰作。修饰名词masterpieces，前用形容词形式。unique独特的。故选B。【17题
23、详解】考查动词。句意：之后他移居美国，目前居住在纽约。move to移到。故选F。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：有成熟的和谐，长笛的旋律在甜美的秋日浓郁的空气中流淌。harmony with与调和/融洽。故选I。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：他在绘画方面独树一帜，创造了自己的画派。修饰名词，用形容词形式。distinctive 独特的，有特色的，与众不同的。故选G。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：他的一些才能是他自己奇妙的创新意识，他的动机设计，他的创造圆形空间，他的流畅和有力的线条，他的创造波动的色彩。sense of creativity 创新意识。故选J。III. Reading Com
24、prehension (45) Section A (15%)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Scientists in Norway have more good news for coffee drinkers. Researchers have already found
25、evidence that the drink or the beans can help with weight loss, _21_ones risk of developing some diseases, _22_ muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce ones risk of _23_ death. Now comes word that a cup of coffee reduces physical pain.The surprising finding is bas
26、ed on a study _24_ 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing fake computer tasks meant to mimic office work. The tasks were known to _25_pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists, and the researchers wanted to _26_ how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated the
27、pain of such tasks. As a matter of convenience, the scientists allowed people to drink coffee before taking the test to avoid _27_effects of caffeine deprivation, e.g. decreased vigor and alertness, sleepiness, and fatigue, they reported.But when it came time to analyze the data, the researchers fro
28、m Norways National Institute of Occupational Health and Oslo University Hospital noticed that the 19 people who drank coffee reported a lower _28_ of pain than the 29 people who didnt. In the shoulders and neck, _29_, the average pain intensity was rated 41 (on a 100-point scale) among the coffee dr
29、inkers and 55 for non-coffee drinkers. Similar gaps were found for all pain sites measured, and coffees apparent pain-reduction effect _30_.However, the authors of the study, which was published this week in the journal BMC Research Notes, cautioned that since the study wasnt designed to test coffee
30、s influence on pain, the results came with many _31_. For starters, the researchers dont know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed before taking the computer tests. _32_they doubt whether the coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers were _33_in all respects except for their coffee consumption
31、. Problems like these tend to _34_ the importance of the findings. But those doubts are _35_ to trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit.21. A. riseB. reduceC. releaseD. suffer22. A. shapeB. establishC. boostD. preserve23. A. mutualB. subtleC.
32、prematureD. prepared24. A. involvingB. researchingC. interviewingD. qualifying25. A. causeB. endureC. easeD. cure26. A. warnB. compareC. relieveD. treat27. A. unpleasantB. modestC. significantD. positive28. A. tendencyB. intentionC. intensityD. extension29. A. on the contraryB. as a resultC. for ins
33、tanceD. in one word30. A. turned upB. broke outC. pointed outD. took up31. A. satisfactionsB. uncertaintiesC. consequencesD. qualifications32. A. MoreoverB. HoweverC. OtherwiseD. Nevertheless33. A. contemporaryB. similarC. temporaryD. initial34. A. realizeB. attachC. demonstrateD. weaken35. A. unlik
34、elyB. sensibleC. influentialD. definite【答案】21. B 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现咖啡会降低人的疼痛感，但还存在一些不确定性，不过这也不会减少爱喝咖啡的人的饮用量。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员已经发现了证据，那就是咖啡或是咖啡豆可以帮助减肥，能够减少患其它病的风险，使肌肉快速增长，防止某些种类的癌症，甚至可以降低早死的风险。A. rise升起来；B.
35、reduce降低；C. release释放，发行；D. suffer遭受。根据下文的can even reduce ones risk of _3_ death.可知此处用“降低”符合语境，reduce是原词复现，故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. shape塑造；B. establish建立；C. boost使增长；D. preserve保护。根据growth判断此处用“使增长”符合语境，故选C项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. mutual相互的；B. subtle微妙的；C. premature过早的，提前的；D. prepared准备好的。结
36、合上文内容可知，本段主要讲咖啡的好处，故此处用“降低早死风险”符合语境，故选C项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项惊人的发现是基于一项涉及48名志愿者的研究，他们同意花90分钟完成模拟办公室的电脑模拟任务。A. involving涉及；B. researching研究；C. interviewing采访；D. qualifying合格。结合句意可知，此处是指有48名志愿者参与了调查，即调查涉及了48名志愿者，故选A项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：已知这些任务会导致肩膀、脖子、前臂疼痛，研究者们想比较有疼痛的人和没有疼痛的人是如何忍受这些任务的痛苦的。A. cause造成；B
37、. endure忍耐；C. ease缓解；D. cure治愈。结合上下文可知，此处是指这些任务会造成人身体的某些部位疼痛，故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. warn警告；B. compare比较；C. relieve缓解，解除；D. treat治疗，对待。根据下文的how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated the pain of such tasks可推测，研究者要做一组对比实验，故此处用“比较”符合语境，故选B项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了方便起见，科学家们允许人们在测试
38、之前喝咖啡，“以避免咖啡因剥夺的不良影响，如活力和警觉性下降、嗜睡和疲劳，”他们报告说。A. unpleasant不好的；B. modest谦虚的；C. significant重要的；D. positive积极的。根据后文的decreased vigor and alertness, sleepiness, and fatigue可知这些都是“不良的”影响，故选A项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在分析数据时，来自挪威国家职业健康研究所和奥斯陆大学医院的研究人员注意到，和咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。A. tendency趋向；B. intention加
39、强；C. intensity强度；D. extension延申。根据下文的the average pain intensity was rated 41可知，此处用“强度”符合语境，intensity是原词复现，故选C项。【29题详解】考查副词短语辨析。句意：例如，在肩部和颈部，喝咖啡人的平均疼痛强度被评为41级，而不喝咖啡的人为55级。A. on the contrary相反；B. as a result因此；C. for instance例如；D. in one word总之。结合上下文可知，此处是对上文内容的举例说明，故选C项。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在所有被测试疼痛部位都
40、发现了类似的差距，咖啡明显的减轻疼痛的效果出现了。A. turned up出现；B. broke out爆发；C. pointed out指出；D. took up占据，从事。结合上下文可知，此处是指通过对比实验，研究人员发现了咖啡减轻疼痛的效果，即咖啡减轻疼痛的效果出现了，故选A项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，该研究的作者，此项研究这周被发表在BMC Research Notes杂志上，警告说，这样研究并不是为了测试咖啡对疼痛的影响，因此结果存在很多不确定性。 A. satisfactions满意；B. uncertainties不确定的事情；C. consequences结
41、果；D. qualifications资格证；根据下文的the researchers dont know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed before taking the computer tests可推测，结果有很多的不确定性，故选B项。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们怀疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡以外，在所有方面是否相似。A. Moreover此外；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Nevertheless然而。根据上文的For starters可知，此处用“此外”符合逻辑，故
42、选A项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. contemporary当代的；B. similar相似的；C. temporary暂时的；D. initial最初的。结合常识可知，对比实验是在一个条件不同，但其它所有条件都相同的情况下才会得到准确的结果，故选B项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些类似的问题往往会削弱研究结果的重要性。A. realize意识到；B. attach附加；C. demonstrate演示；D. weaken削弱。结合上下文可知，此处是指因为实验过程的不严谨，会导致实验结果的重要性被削弱，故选D项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这些
43、疑问不太可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少其日程咖啡因习惯的咖啡饮用者。A. unlikely不可能的；B. sensible明智的；C. influential有影响的；D. definite肯定的。结合上下文可知，本句考查短语be unlikely to do sth.(很有不会做某事)此处是指不管研究结果如何，都不太可能影响咖啡爱好者，故选A项。Section B (22%)Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A. B, C and D. Fil
44、l in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Look to many of historys cultural symbols, and there youll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject
45、 of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanitys earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a ti
46、me of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointe
47、d by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansions courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmenan impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature,
48、 criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of peoples imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don
49、t worry: Ive learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called t
50、he Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the
51、pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially overthe quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.36. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see master
52、pieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.37. “The heyday of the snowman” （paragraph 4） means the time when_.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were
53、politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods38. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes_.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen39. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreci
54、ated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A【解析】本文讲述历史的文化标志：雪人。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky 在那时，表达方式的方法有限，雪就像是来自于上天的一种自由艺术。 这
55、说明雪的流行是因为它是一种表达的方式，关键词是express，而且means 和way 同义。故选C。37题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第四段 If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed， dont worry： Ive learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today可知如果你担心雪人的全盛期已经过去，不要担心：我已经知道，一些爆炸性的雪人历史仍然在今天被创造。由此可见，雪人的全盛时期（第4段）是指雪人非常受欢迎的时期。所以答案就是B。【38题详解】细
56、节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Every year since 1818， the people of Zurich，Switzerland， celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman 可知自1818年以来，瑞士苏黎世的人们每年都会用吹雪人来庆祝春天的开始。the passing of the winter冬天的过去，符合题意。所以答案是C。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的第一句话look to many of historys cultural symbols回顾许多的历史文化标志，另外整篇文章出现过很多的histo
57、ry，结合上下文可以知道答案是A （雪人在历史上是受欣赏的。）另外也可以根据排除法，排除其他选项。比如B选项，他们的价值现在依然存在，所以它的表达错误。C选项，雪人的确是与电影有关，但是这个答案不可以通过文章得出来。D选项在文章中没有提及这个内容。(B)http:/aibertoherandez Marianne: 15 hours agoThanks, Alberto. Your blog is fantastic and so helpful. I just want to say that I have a suspicion that my employer is playing Bi
58、g Brother*. My boss scans our office with video cameras, keeps a log of all office phone conversations, tracks our location with cell phones and ID cards, and reads our incoming and outgoing e-mail. think this supervision has gone too far and is outside the range of a responsible business.Marcel: 12
59、 hours agoIn my company, were forced to take drug tests whether we like it or not, without warning, and for no good reason. In this suspicious atmosphere, its impossible to have a sense of pride and dignity in my work. I can t understand whats driving this increase in employee monitoring.Robert: 6 h
60、ours agoI dont agree with Marcel and Marianne. Theres nothing harmful about these monitoring practices. As an employer, I have the right to know how my employees are using their time. On top of that, I use video cameras only to prevent theft. And I check employee e-mail to watch for any insulting la
61、nguage or racism. Come onyou know its only for the employees protection.40. In Mariannes opinion, her boss is _.A. a fantastic and helpful personB. trying to restrict their behaviorC. an irresponsible personD. trying to know them better41. How does Marcel most probably feel in his company?A. Thrille
62、d.B. Proud.C. Disrespected.D. Unsuccessful.42. From the comments we can conclude that _ must be an employer.A. AlbertoB. MarianneC. MarcelD. Robert【答案】40. B 41. C 42. D【解析】这是一篇网页文章。文章主要介绍了三位网友关于办公室强制监管措施的看法。【40题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段“I just want to say that I have a suspicion that my employer is playing Bi
63、g Brother*. My boss scans our office with video cameras, keeps a log of all office phone conversations, tracks our location with cell phones and ID cards, and reads our incoming and outgoing e-mail. ”（我只想说，我怀疑我的雇主在扮演老大哥的角色。我的老板用摄像机扫视我们的办公室，记录所有的办公室电话对话，用手机和身份证追踪我们的位置，并读取我们收发的电子邮件。）以及最后一句“think this
64、supervision has gone too far and is outside the range of a responsible business.”（认为这种监管太过分了，超出了一个负责任的行业的范围。）可知，在她看来，Marianne的老板试图（restrict）限制他们的行为。故选B项。【41题详解】推理判断题。由文章第二段第二句“In this suspicious atmosphere, its impossible to have a sense of pride and dignity in my work. ”（在这种可疑的氛围中，我的工作不可能有自豪感和尊严感。）
65、可知，Marcel在公司中感觉不受尊重（disrespected）。故选C项。【42题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段第二句“As an employer, I have the right to know how my employees are using their time.”（作为一个雇主，我有权知道我的员工如何使用他们的时间。）可知，Robert肯定是一个雇主（employer）。故选D项。(C)“Does my smile look big in this?” Future fitting-room mirrors in clothing stores could subtly a
66、djust your reflection to make you look-and hence feel-happier encouraging you to like what you see.Thats the idea behind the Emotion Evoking System developed by Shigeo Yoshida and colleagues at the University of Tokyo in Japan. The system can manipulate, or in other words, control your emotions and
67、personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face.The principle that physiological changes can drive emotional ones that laughter comes before happiness, rather than the other way around- is a well-established idea.The researchers wanted to see if this idea co
68、uld be used to build a computer system that manipulates how you feel. The system works by presenting the user with a web-camera image of his or her face as if they were looking in a mirror. The image is then subtly altered with-software, turning the corners of the mouth up or down and changing the a
69、rea around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown.Without telling them the aim of the study, the team recruited(招募)21 volunteers and asked them to sit in front of the screen while performing an unrelated task. When the task was completed, the participants rated how they felt. When th
70、e faces on screen appeared to smile, people reported that they felt happier. On the other hand, when the image was given a sad expression, they reported feeling less happy.Yoshida and his colleagues tested whether manipulating the volunteers emotional state would influence their preferences. Each pe
71、rson was given a scarf to wear and again presented with the altered webcam image. The volunteers that saw themselves smiling while wearing the scarf were more likely to report that they liked it, and those that saw themselves not smiling were less likely.“The system could be used to manipulate consu
72、mers impressions of products,” say the researchers. For example, mirrors in clothing-store fitting rooms could be replaced with screens showing altered reflections. They also suggest people may be more likely to find clothes attractive if they see themselves looking happy while trying them on.“Its c
73、ertainly an interesting area,” says Chris Creed at the University of Birmingham, UK. But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions. “Attempting to make slight differences to these and ensuring that the reflected
74、 image looks believable would be much more challenging,” he says.Of course, there are also important moral questions surrounding such subtly manipulative technology. “You could argue that if it makes people happy, what harm is it doing?” says Creed. “But I can imagine that many people may feel manip
75、ulated uncomfortable and cheated if they found out.”43. Whats the main purpose of the Emotion Evoking System?A. To see whether one s facial expressions can be altered.B. To replace the mirrors in future clothing-store fitting rooms.C. To see whether laughter comes before happiness.D. To see whether
76、ones feeling can be unconsciously affected.44. What can we learn about the web-camera image in the study?A. It recorded the volunteers performance in the task.B. It attempted to make the volunteers feel happier.C. It gave the volunteers a false image.D. It beautified the volunteers appearance in the
77、 mirror.45. What does Creed mention as a limitation of the technologyA. It only deals with a limited number of facial expressions.B. It only works in clothing stores.C. It only makes subtle changes to peoples expressions.D. It only changes the areas around the mouth and the eyes.46. What does Creeds
78、 comment on the moral issues with this technology imply?A. People should make their decisions independently.B. Technology is unable to manipulate people.C. Nothing is more important than happiness.D. People should neglect the harm of the technology.【答案】43. D 44. C 45. A 46. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。日本东京大学的繁雄吉田和
79、同事开发的情绪引发系统背后的理念。这个系统能够通过呈现给你一个你自己的笑脸或苦脸来操控你的情绪和个人偏好。【43题详解】细节理解题。第二段“The system can manipulate, or in other words, control your emotions and personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face.”指出该系统的主要目的是试图通过改变你看到的自己的表情来影响你的情绪和个人偏好。故选D。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段The sy
80、stem works by presenting the user with a web-camera image of his or her face as if they were looking in a mirror. The image is then subtly altered with-software, turning the corners of the mouth up or down and changing the area around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown.指出网络摄像头的图像
81、要让志愿者感觉他们在照镜子，即让他们相信看到的图像，而这个图像是被修改了的。由此可见在研究中，我们了解到web-camera图像只是一种假象。故选C。45题详解】细节理解题。根据第八段第二句But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions.可知克里德提出在商店很难采用这项技术，原因在于人们的表情太过于丰富，由此可见这项技术的局限性是只能处理相对简单的表情。故选A。【46题详解】
82、推理判断题。根据第九段“You could argue that if it makes people happy, what harm is it doing?” says Creed. “But I can imagine that many people may feel manipulated uncomfortable and cheated if they found out.”可知克里德提出这项技术虽然可以让人快乐，但如果被发现了，也可以让人产生被操控感，不安和被欺骗感。因此可知Creeds对这种技术的道德问题的暗示着人们应该独立做决定。故选A。Section CDirectio
83、ns: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Although many companies offer tuition reimbursement (偿付), most companies reimburse employees only for classes that are relevant to their po
84、sitions. _47_. A company that reimburses employees for all college credit course-whether job related or not-offers a service not only to the employees but to the entire company.One good reason for giving employees unconditional tuition reimbursement is that it shows the companys dedication to its em
85、ployees. In todays economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable, it is important for a company to demonstrate to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is to make investments in them._48_ A company that puts out funds to pay for the edu
86、cation of its employees will get its money back by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employ turnover (流动), because even employees who dont take advantage of tuition reimbursement program will be more loyal to their company, just knowing that their company cares enough to
87、pay their education.Although companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their degree, more often than not, the employees will stay with the company. _49_ Thus, even if the employee leaves upon graduating, througho
88、ut those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will doubly benefit the company. Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be promoted so the company
89、 doesnt have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. _50_.Though unconditional tuition reimbursement requires a significant investment on the employers part, it is perhaps one of the wisest investments a company can make.A. In thin way, companies will have more productive employees.B. In toda
90、ys economy, job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable.C. In return, this dedication to the betterment of employees will create greater loyalty.D. This is indeed a very limiting policy.E. Even if employees do leave, it generally takes several years to complete an
91、y degree program.F. Open positions can be assigned to who already knew he company well【答案】47. D 48. C 49. E 50. F【解析】本文是说明文。文章分析了公司为员工提供学费报销的政策，文章一开始提出了是否该报销学费，后分析报销进修学费带来的好处：增加员工忠诚度，提高员工素质利于企业的良性发展。【47题详解】上文“Although many companies offer tuition reimbursement (偿付), most companies reimburse employee
92、s only for classes that are relevant to their positions.”说明尽管许多公司提供学费报销，但大多数公司只向员工报销与其职位相关的课程，D项中“a very limiting policy”与上文“only for classes that are relevant to their positions”一致，说明这种做法是有局限性的，故选D。【48题详解】下文“A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money
93、back by having employees stay with the company longer.”说明一个公司拿出资金来支付员工的教育费用，会让员工在公司工作更久来收回资金。C项中的“this dedication to the betterment of employees”与“A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees”一致，“create greater loyalty” 与“having employees stay with the company longer.”一致，说
94、明公司为员工报销学费，增加员工的忠诚度。故C项符合语境，故选C。【49题详解】上文“Although companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their degree, more often than not, the employees will stay with the company.”说明虽然公司确实有员工一旦拿到学位就去另一家公司找工作的风险，但员工往往会留在公司。
95、E项中的“employees do leave”与“go on to another job in a different company”一致，下文的“throughout those years”与E项中的“several years”相符。故E项符合语境，承上启下。故选E。【50题详解】上文“Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be promoted so the company doesnt have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside
96、.”说明不仅员工受到了更多的教育，而且现在员工可以得到提升，这样公司就不必从外部填补高级职位空缺了，F项中的“Open positions can be assigned”与“employee can be promoted”一致，说明高级职位可以任命给对公司熟悉的员工。故选F。第卷(共50分)I. Summary (10%)51. Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then write an English summary within 60 words in your own words according to the passage giv
97、en below.Planted Forests in IrelandPlanted forests are far from universally popular. In Ireland, the criticisms focus on the sitka spruce, a fast-growing, damp-tolerant tree from Americas Pacific Northwest. Spruce plantations are said to contain no life. They are accused of wrecking rural communitie
98、s and driving farmers off the land. And they are said to be out of place in mostly pastoral (田园风光的) setting. Gerry McGovern, another farmer in County Leitrim, puts it bluntly conifer forests are not landscape.The first charge is false. Mark Wilson of the British Trust for Ornithology says that spruc
99、e plantations-support more bird life than farmland, largely because they harbour more insects. Inevitably, some birds benefit mare than others. The march of spruces across-Britain and Ireland has increased the numbers of spruce loving birds such as siskins and crossbills.The second accusation that t
100、rees push out other kinds of agriculture, is only partly true. Forestry subsidies (补贴) and regulations have indeed changes Irelands land market. Farmers who plant trees get generous payments for 15 years, while continuing to receive ordinary farming subsidies. At that point, with perhaps 20 years to
101、 go before spruces are harvested, they often sell to pension funds and other investors.The final accusation, that forests are dramatically changing the appearance of the countryside, is spot-on. Advocates may point to a forested past. But rural people have become used to the landscape as it is and o
102、ften do not want it to change. What worries Mr Stenson, in County Leitrim, is not just that the ever-spreading trees will displace farmers and make it hard for him to acquire more land, but also that they will prevent him from seeing his neighbours lights at night._【答案】In Ireland, planted forests ar
103、e far from universally popular. The first reason is that Spruce plantations are said to contain no life. Actually, the charge is false. The second accusation that trees push out other kinds of agriculture, is only partly true. The final accusation that forests are dramatically changing the appearanc
104、e of the countryside is spot-on.【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。在文章中，作者说明了人工森林在爱尔兰不受欢迎的原因并且对人们不喜欢人工深林的原因进行评论。【详解】1 要点摘录1.Planted forests are far from universally popular.2.Spruce plantations are said to contain no life.3The first charge is false.4.The second accusation that trees push out other kinds of agriculture,
105、 is only partly true. 5.The final accusation, that forests are dramatically changing the appearance of the countryside, is spot-on.2.缜密构思第一句话引出文章即将要解释说明的话题；将第2、3要点进行重组，罗列4、5要点，表达了人们不喜欢人工林的原因。 3.遣词造句In Ireland, planted forests are far from universally popular. The first reason that Spruce plantations
106、 are said to contain no life is false.The second accusation is that trees push out other kinds of agriculture, is only partly true.The final accusation that forests are dramatically changing the appearance of the countryside is spot-on.【点睛】高分句型1：The first reason is that Spruce plantations are said t
107、o contain no life.运用一个that引导的表语从句对前面的抽象名词reason进行解释说明，使主语的内容更加具体化，表达了人们不喜欢人工林的第一个原因。这种用法表达高级。高分句型2：The second accusation that trees push out other kinds of agriculture, is only partly true. The final accusation that forests are dramatically changing the appearance of the countryside is spot-on.这两句话都
108、用了that引导的同位语从句对前面的accusation进行解释说明，表达非常高级。II. Translation (15%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 你是否看过那篇有关幸福元素的文章? (element)（汉译英）【答案】Have you read the article on the element of happiness?【解析】【详解】考查动词、名词、介词、短语及完成时态。表示“看（书/文章）”应用动词rea
109、d；表示“文章”应用名词article，作动词read的宾语；表示“有关”应用介词on；表示“幸福元素”应用短语element of happiness，作介词on的宾语；结合语境可知，本句陈述过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语是you，助动词用have；根据“是否看过”可知，句子应用完成时态的疑问句。故翻译为Have you read the article on the element of happiness?53. 移动支付如此便利, 四处闲逛时都不需要带现金了。(Sothat) （汉译英）【答案】So convenient are mobile payments tha
110、t you dont need to carry cash to get around.【解析】【详解】考查短语、形容词、动词、名词及句型和时态。表示“移动支付”应用短语mobile payments；表示“便利的”应用形容词convenient；表示“四处闲逛”短语为get around；表示“需要”短语为need to do；表示“带”应用动词carry；表示“现金”应用名词cash；表示“如此以至于”句型为so that, so在句首时，句子应用倒装。本句为一般现在时。故翻译为So convenient are mobile payments that you dont need to
111、carry cash to get around.54. 在痛失爱子后, 这位女士将毕生投入了贫困儿童助学事业, 获得了大家的尊重。(devote) （汉译英）【答案】After the loss of her beloved son, the woman devoted her life to helping poor children attend school, earning everyones respect.【解析】【详解】考查名词短语、时态、短语和名词。表示“痛失”应用名词短语the loss of；表示“爱子”短语为beloved son；表示“投入”应用动词devote，de
112、vote ones life to doing sth.,意为“投入某人毕生精力做某事”；表示“获得”应用动词earn；表示“尊重”应用名词respect，作earn的宾语，构成非谓语动词短语，作整个句子的结果状语。经分析句意可知，句子应使用一般过去时。故翻译为After the loss of her beloved son, the woman devoted her life to helping poor children attend school, earning everyones respect.55. 对于孩子的校园生活和未来的前途, 父母能够给予的最好的礼物就是让孩子在上学
113、前获得阅读能力。(When it comes to) （汉译英）【答案】When it comes to childrens school life and future, the best gift parents can give them is the ability to read before they go to school.【解析】【详解】考查名词、动词、短语和句型。表示“对于”应用句型when it comes to，其中to为介词，引导时间状语从句；表示“校园生活和未来的前途”短语为school life and future；表示“给予”应用动词give；表示“礼物”应用
114、名词gift；表示“在上学前”短语为before they go to school；“阅读能力”短语为the ability to read。故翻译为When it comes to childrens school life and future, the best gift parents can give them is the ability to read before they go to school.III. Guided Writing (25%)56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words ac
115、cording to the instructions given below in Chinese.中国进口博览会 (China International Import Expo, 简称CIIE或进博会) 吸引了世界各国的企业来到上海。你是明启中学的的学生李明, 想代表学校在进博会假期中组织一支学生志愿者服务队。请起草一份策划案, 内容包括:1.你为什么要组建服务队?2.你的队伍能够提供哪些志愿者服务?_【答案】Concerning the reasons why I want to build up this service team, Id like to list some as f
116、ollows. Above all, China International Import Expo attracts many businesses from all over the world, which is our honor. So it is our duty to offer considerate service to it. In addition, it is a good chance for us to strengthen our ability and widen our eyes.What can we do? On the one hand, we can
117、give volunteer guide to foreigners. It will be a necessity because the site is too big and complex for foreigners. On the other hand, to help organize various activities is also a good idea.【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文，要求考生起草一份策划案，对代表学校在进博会假期中组织一支学生志愿者服务队进行一次策划。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时,少量一般将来时。结构：总分法总分
118、法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.介绍你为什么要组建服务队?2.介绍你的队伍能够提供哪些志愿者服务?第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）build up this service team; attracts many businesses; from all over the world; offer considerate service to it; strengthen our ability; widen our eyes; give volunteer guide; too big and complex; help organize variou
119、s activities第三步：连词成句1. Concerning the reasons why I want to build up this service team, Id like to list some as follows.2. Above all, China International Import Expo attracts many businesses from all over the world, which is our honor.3. So it is our duty to offer considerate service to it.4. In add
120、ition, it is a good chance for us to strengthen our ability and widen our eyes.5. On the one hand, we can give volunteer guide to foreigners.6. It will be a necessity because the site is too big and complex for foreigners.7. On the other hand, to help organize various activities is also a good idea.
121、根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：Above all2.表并列补充关系：In addition 3.表转折对比关系： On the one hand,On the other hand 4.表因果关系：Because, So连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1. Concerning the reasons why I want to build up this service team, Id like to list some as follows.（why引导的定语从句）高分句型2. So it is our duty to offer considerate service to it.（it作形式主语）高分句型3. On the other hand, to help organize various activities is also a good idea.（to do不定式作主语）