1、上海市杨浦区2020届高三英语下学期第二次模拟考试试题（含解析）考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a
2、 question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Sell the old s
3、tuff.B. Clean the office.C. Recycle the junk.D. Hold a New Year Party.2. A. Serious.B. Impatient.C Puzzled.D. Excited.3. A. At the railway station.B. At the police station. C. At the backpack shop.D. At the bus stop.4. A. To deal with the complaint about the noises.B. To settle a long-standing confl
4、ict.C. To have a word with the mans daughter.D. To warn the band not to practice too early.5. A. Everyone enjoys partying at the beach.B. Weather is changeable at the beach.C. The beach is not a good party location.D. Swimming is dangerous for some people.6. A. She prefers attending classes to study
5、ing online.B. She feels lonely and isolated in an online class.C. She is not easily distracted by other people.D. She thinks online classes suit her learning style.7. A. He is happy about the flexible working schedule.B. He lacks a sense of security about his present life.C. He feels like switching
6、to a full-time job.D. He envies those self-employed people.8. A. He is a good leader who takes concrete action.B. He doesnt do anything before giving a speech.C. He talks about something without knowing much about it.D. He is confident of his ability to make public speeches.9. A. Jenny is concerned
7、about her health.B. Jenny will soon take part in a race.C. There is no need for Jenny to retire.D. Jenny is wise to quit being scared.10. A. Both of them ought to be more mindful in the future.B. The woman is the only person troubled by memory problems.C. The majority of office employees prefer home
8、-cooked lunches.D. Many people including him are just as forgetful as the woman.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation wil
9、l be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. We are not prioritizing r
10、emembering names.B. Remembering names calls for good memory.C. We are born with the tendency to forget things.D. Negative emotions cause us to forget names.12. A. Repeating the name loud to yourself a few times.B. Associating ones name with a distinct feature.C. Labelling a person as an interesting
11、object.D. Recalling the names at regular intervals.13. A. Few people realize that forgetting name causes social discomfort.B. Memorizing names is not a mental process as complicated as it seems.C. Most people have difficulty committing new names to memory immediately. D. Our memories are not as bad
12、as we thought in terms of remembering names.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Experiment on the future pizza.B. Taste a specially-made pizza.C. Travel to a future restaurant.D. Meet with a group of futurists.15. A. They aimed to show people how to cultivate food in a
13、lab.B. They wanted to highlight the role of science in sustainable living.C. They intended to promote the environmental friendly food.D. They were curious to know what the future would look like.16. A. It is three times the size of a normal pizza.B. Part of it has been 3D-printed by a robot chef.C.
14、It is more nutritious than the traditional pizza.D. All the ingredients come from an indoor lab.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. How to deal with emergencies in a marathon.B. How to train effectively for a marathon.C. How to prevent injuries in a marathon.D. How
15、 to complete a marathon successfully.18. A. Nervous.B. Relaxed.C. Humble.D. Surprised.19. A. He might need to use the bathroom during the race.B. He might not have the strength to finish the race.C. He might feel as if he would hit a wall hard.D. He might not run as fast as the professionals.20. A.
16、Stay clear of the cheering spectators.B. Keep up with the first-timers.C. Buy energy bars at the rest stops.D. Avoid taking breaks along the way.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.
17、For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A Taste of War-Foods That Were Created During WarThe saying “an army marches on its stomach” tells the importance of giving soldiers tasty, nutrit
18、ious foods. In some cases, foods that _1_（create)for soldiers or during times of war became popular in homes as well.Today, Fanta is a famous soda, but its beginnings were humble. The soft drink was invented in Germany to take the place of Coca Cola. When World War II began, the Coca-Cola Companys G
19、erman branch _2_ no longer receive the syrup（糖浆）used to produce the soft drink from the United States. Thus, it created a new drink to satisfy the market and called it Fanta, short for “fantastic” _3_German.The beginnings of war-time foods in Asia are interesting, too. _4_curry (咖喱) had already exis
20、ted in India, it was introduced into Japan via Britain for the purpose of restoring sailors health. As the story goes, the Japanese navy initially promised unlimited amounts of white rice, _5_was considered a high-status food in Japan, as a way to attract newcomers. The problem was that white rice l
21、acked the vital vitamin B1, and thousands of sailors fell ill after eating rice alone. _6_（observe) the British navys standard meal of curry, which contained vitamin B1-rich meat and flour, the Japanese navy began to serve its sailors the same.The curry was so tasty that it soon _7_ (spread) across
22、Japan.The Korean War gave birth to budae jigae, or “army stew” in Korean. It was first made in US military bases near Seoul, using _8_ingredients were available, since food was scarce. The tasty stew typically _9_（consist)of some kind of precooked meat such as ham, American cheese and instant noodle
23、s soon caught on.Many foods were invented at times of conflict to keep soldiers healthy. Fortunately, some of those foods still exist to keep_10_ happy and satisfied.【答案】1. had been created/were created 2. could 3. in 4. Although/Though/While 5. which 6. Observing/Having observed 7. spread/was sprea
24、d 8. whatever 9. consisting 10. everyone/us【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了几种起源于战争时期、现在还很流行的食物。【1题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在某些情况下，为士兵或战时创造出的食物也在家庭中流行起来。句子主语foods和create之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；根据时间状语during times of war，定语从句应用一般过去时，因此用一般过去时的被动语态；定语从句主语是复数形式foods，从句谓语动词应用复数形式were done；也可用过去完成时的被动语态形式had been done，强调定语从句谓语动词的动作“为士兵或战时创造
25、出食物”在主句谓语动词的动作became popular 之前发生，即“过去的过去”。故填had been created/were created。【2题详解】考查情态动词。句意：第二次世界大战开始的时候，可口可乐公司德国分公司不能从美国得到用于生产软饮料的糖浆。根据句意，因此应用情态动词could，意思为“能够”。故填could。【3题详解】考查介词。句意：因此，该公司开发了一种新饮料来满足市场需求，并将其命名为芬达。芬达是德语“fantastic”的缩写。表示“用语言”，用介词in。故填in。【4题详解】考查从属连词。句意：虽然咖喱在印度已经存在，为了恢复海员的健康，它由英国被引进到日本
26、。根据句意，前一句说“咖喱是印度的食品”，后一句说“咖喱被引进到日本”，前后两个句子之间语义转折，因此用Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句，意思为“虽然”，表示转折意义。故填Although/Though/While。【5题详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据说，为了吸引新来者，日本海军最初承诺不限量供应白米饭，白米饭在日本被视为一种地位很高的食物。分析句子结构，空后是定语从句，修饰先行词white rice，指物，因此用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：观察到英国海军的咖喱标准餐，其中含有丰富的维生素B1、大量的肉和面粉
27、，日本海军开始给水手提供一样的饭食。 主句的主语the Japanese navy和observe之间为逻辑上的主动关系 ，因此用现在分词作状语；也可用现在分词的完成时形式having done，强调分词的动作在主句谓语动词的动作之前发生。故填Observing/Having observed。【7题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：咖喱非常好吃，很快就传遍了日本。spread可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词；如果spread作不及物动词， 用主动形式；句子叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；如果spread作及物动词，句子主语 it和spread之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，因此用一般过
28、去时的被动语态； spread是不规则变化动词，过去式为spread，过去分词为spread。故填spread/was spread。【8题详解】考查连接词。句意：它最初是在首尔附近的美国军事基地制作的，由于当时食物匮乏，就用任何可以得到的食材。根据句意，此处应是“无论什么（材料），不管什么（材料）”，应用whatever引导宾语从句。故填whatever。【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种由火腿、美国奶酪和方便面等熟肉烹制而成的美味炖菜很快流行起来。 短语consist of“由组成”，不用于被动语态；句子主语the tasty stew和consist之间为逻辑上的主动关系，请用现在分
29、词做后置定语。故填consisting。10题详解】考查代词。句意：幸运的是，其中一些食物仍然存在，可以让人们感到快乐和满足。根据句意，此处是“keep +宾语+形容词”结构，所填词应是代词；可用everyone，泛指“所有人”，也可用代词us。故填everyone/us。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Hun
30、ting to Farming Is Not Necessarily GoodA. support B. effectiveness C. expanding D. escape E. reached F. questioning G. switched H. control I. recording J. allowed K. inferringShifting from hunting to farming made life 50 percent more difficult for humans, a study by Cambridge University suggests. Al
31、though farming _11_previously wandering communities to stay put and grow, it came at a huge cost. Researcher Dr. Mark Dyble, lived with 10 Agta groups and found that those who still hunted and searched for their food spent around 20 hours working in the week to live, but those who had_12_ to farming
32、 needed to work 30 hours for the same amount of food.“For a long time, the shift from hunting to farming was assumed to represent progress, allowing people to_13_a laborious and uncertain way of life,” said Dr. Dyble, “But as soon as researchers started working with hunter-gatherers they began _14_
33、this narrative, finding that hunters actually enjoy quite a lot of leisure time. Our data provides some of the clearest _15_for this idea yet.” The researchers followed 359 people from the Agta community _16_ how much time they spent on leisure, childcare, domestic chores and out-of-camp work. As we
34、ll as the overall difference in hours worked, the study also found that women living in the communities most involved in farming had half as much leisure time as those in communities which only hunted. Co-author, Dr. Abigail Page added: “We have to be really careful when _17_ from contemporary hunte
35、r-gatherers to different societies in pre-history.” But if the first farmers really did work harder than hunters then this begs an important question-why did humans adopt agriculture?Previous studies suggested the adoption of farming grew up to help cope with_18_societies, although other experts cla
36、imed that it was agriculture itself that allowed sedentary (定栖的) communities to expand, and once they_19_ a certain size, it would have been impossible for groups to return to a hunter-gathering lifestyle, even if they had wanted to. Dr. Page says: “The amount of leisure time that Agta enjoy is evid
37、ence to the_20_of the hunter-gatherer way of life. This leisure time also helps to explain how these communities manage to share so many skills and so much knowledge within lifetimes and across generations.【答案】11. J 12. G 13. D 14. F 15. A 16. I 17. K 18. C 19. E 20. B【解析】本文是说明文。在很长一段时间里，从狩猎到农耕的转变被认
38、为是一种进步，但是研究人员发现菲律宾的Agta部落的狩猎采集者享受着相当多的闲暇时间。【11题详解】考查动词和时态。句意：尽管农业让以前的游牧部落得以定居并发展壮大，但也付出了巨大的代价。分析句子结构，所填词在句子中是谓语动词；根据句意，应是动词allow；短语allow sb. to do“使能够(发生)，容许某人做”；句子叙述的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时。故J选。【12题详解】考查动词和时态。句意：而那些转向农业人需要工作30个小时来获得同样数量的食物。分析句子结构，所填词在句子中是谓语动词；根据句意，应是动词switch；短语switch to“转换到”；空前有助动词had，应用过去
39、分词形式，构成过去完成时。故G选。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：“在很长一段时间里，从狩猎到农耕的转变被认为是一种进步，让人们摆脱了辛苦和不确定的生活方式，”Dyble博士说。短语allow sb. to do“允许某人做”,在不定式后应用动词原形；根据句意，应是动词escape，意思为“逃避，避开”。故选D。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但当研究人员开始和狩猎采集者打交道时，他们就开始质疑这种说法，发现狩猎者实际上享受着相当多的休闲时间。短语begin doing“开始做”，后接动名词作宾语；根据句意，应是动词question，意思为“质疑，怀疑”。故选F。【15题详解】考查名词。句意
40、：我们的数据为这个观点提供了一些最明显的支持。在介词of 后应是名词；根据句意，应是名词support，意思为“支持”。故选A。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员跟踪调查了来自Agta部落的359人，记录了他们花在休闲、照顾孩子、家务和走出营地工作的时间。根据句意，应是动词record，意思为“记录，记载”；句子主语The researchers 和record之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词做伴随状语。故选I。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：合著者阿比盖尔佩奇博士补充说：“在从当代的狩猎采集者推断史前的不同社会时，我们必须非常小心。” 根据句意，应是动词infer；短语i
41、nfer fromto “从推断到”；句子主语we 和infer之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词做状语，此处是时间状语从句when we are inferring的省略形式。故选K。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：之前的研究表明，农业的发展是为了帮助应对不断扩张的社会，虽然其他专家声称是农业本身让定居的社区扩大。根据句意，应是动词expand，意思为“扩张，发展”；此处用现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作。故选C。【19题详解】考查动词和时态。句意：一旦他们达到一定规模，部落群体就不可能回到狩猎采集的生活方式，即使他们想。分析句子结构，所填词在句子中是谓语动词；根据句意，应是动词r
42、each，意思为“达到”；句子叙述的是过去的情况，因此用一般过去时。故选E。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：佩奇博士说：“Agta部落所享受的闲暇时间的数量证明了狩猎采集生活方式的有效性。” 在定冠词the后应是名词；根据句意，应是名词effectiveness，意思为“效力，有效性”。故选B。III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each b
43、lank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Developments in artificial intelligence, robotics and sensors (传感器) are making houses and apartments smarter than ever.ITS 6 A.M., and the alarm clock is ringing earlier than usual. Its not a malfunction: the smart clock scanned your schedule a
44、nd_21_ because youve got that big presentation first thing in the morning. Your shower automatically turns on and warms to your preferred temperature. The electric car is_22_ to go, charged by the solar panels. When you get home later, theres a(n) _23_package waiting, delivered by drone. You open it
45、 to find cold medicine. It turns out that health sensors in your bathroom detected _24_of an approaching illness and placed an order automatically.That at least is the ideal version of the smart home that exists 10 years out. Swedish research firm Berg Insight says 63 million American homes will_25_
46、as “smart” by 2022,with everything from Internet-connected light bulbs to cameras that let us spy on our pets from the office. But a decade from now, experts say, well move from turning the lights on and off with our voices to total engagement in the Internet of Things (IoT)._26_advancements in arti
47、ficial intelligence, the smartest homes will be able to truly learn about their owners, eventually foretelling their_27_. Developments in robotics will give us machines that offer a helping hand with cleaning, cooking and more. New sensors will be_28_watching our well-being._29_ to all of this will
48、be the data that smart homes collect, analyze and act upon, helping to turn the houses of the future from a mere collection of devices and accessories into truly “smart” homes.Of course, as our homes learn more about us, keeping them_30_will become all the more important. Every_31_ thats connected t
49、o the Internet is a potential target for hackers. Therefore, cybersecurity will become all the more vital.A range of technological developments will drive smart-home technology well beyond whats available on store shelves today. Innovations in artificial intelligence, _32_, stand to reverse almost e
50、verything in our lives, including our homes. You might already be using some kind of Al-powered voice-assistant device to get the latest news or weather forecast every morning. But in the smart home of the future, those AI platforms could serve as the brain for entire homes, learning about_33_and or
51、ganizing and automating all of their various smart devices. IT company Crestron, for example, is working on software that_34_ a persons habits, like which music they want to hear in the morning or which lights they want to be on at a certain time of the day. Then, once it knows a users_35_ automatic
52、ally plays just the right playlists or dims the lights before bedtime.21. A. attemptedB. adjustedC. approvedD. assisted22. A. freeB. likelyC. readyD. eager23. A. unexpectedB. disconnectedC. unsealedD. misplaced24. A. symbolsB. signalsC. codesD. signs25. A. serveB. qualifyC. behaveD. model26. A. In s
53、pite ofB. Instead ofC. In addition toD. Thanks to27. A. needsB. dangersC. instinctsD. responses28. A. deeplyB. barelyC. closelyD. manually29. A. AccessibleB. CentralC. RelativeD. Objective30. A. personalB. specialC. specificD. secure31. A. cameraB. bulbC. deviceD. model32. A. by contrastB. for examp
54、leC. in turnD. at least33. A. residentsB. operatorsC. relativesD. consumers34. A. transformsB. tracksC. treatsD. trains35. A. conditionsB. featuresC. preferencesD. characters【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. C【解析】本文为说明文。人工智能、机器人技术和传感器的发展使房屋和公
55、寓比以往更加智能，这些软件能自动追踪居民的习惯，了解我们的喜好，更好地为居民服务。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不是一个故障：智能时钟扫描了你的日程安排并进行了调整，因为你早上第一件事就是要做一个大报告。A. attempted尝试；B. adjusted调整，调节；C. approved批准；D. assisted协助。根据上下文“the alarm clock is ringing earlier than usual. Its not a malfunction: t the smart clock scanned your schedule ”“because youve g
56、ot that big presentation first thing in the morning.”闹钟响得比平时早。这不是一个故障：智能时钟扫描了你的日程。因为你早上第一件事就是要做一个大报告。可知，闹钟根据你的日程进行了调整（adjust），故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的淋浴会自动打开并加热到你喜欢的温度。电动汽车很可能会开走，由太阳能电池板充电。A. free免费的；B. likely可能的；C. ready准备好的；D. eager渴望。根据前面的内容这些都是设想，一种可能性（likely），故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你晚些时候回到家
57、，会有一个意想不到的包裹等待着，它由无人机送来。A. unexpected意外的；B. disconnected断开的；C. unsealed未密封的；D. misplaced错位的。根据后面的“It turns out that health sensors in your bathroom detected _4_ of an approaching illness and placed an order automatically.”此处是说：原来，卫生间里的健康传感器检测到了即将患病的迹象，并自动下单。由此可知，这是个意想不到的（unexpected）包裹，故选A。【24题详解】考查名
58、词词义辨析。句意：原来，卫生间里的健康传感器检测到了即将患病的迹象，并自动下单。A. symbols象征；B. signals信号；C. codes密码；D. signs符号。根据“an approaching illness(即将来临的疾病)”，可知，此处是指有这样的迹象（signs），故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：瑞典研究公司Berg Insight表示，到2022年，将有6300万美国家庭符合“智能”标准。A. serve服务；B. qualify使合格；C. behave表现；D. model做模特。“qualifyas”为固定搭配，意为“符合”，故选B。【26题详解】
59、考查介词短语辨析。句意：多亏了人工智能的进步，最聪明的家庭将能够真正了解他们的主人，最终预测他们的需求。A. In spite of尽管；B. Instead of而不是；C. In addition to除之外，此外；D. Thanks to幸亏，多亏了。根据语境可知，此处是指“多亏(thanks to)”了人工智能的进步，才能真正了解人们，故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了人工智能的进步，最聪明的家庭将能够真正了解他们的主人，最终预测他们的需求。A. needs需要；B. dangers危险；C. instincts本能；D. responses反应。从下文的内容可知，人
60、工智能的发展，能更好地了解人们的需要（needs），故选A。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：新的传感器将密切关注我们的福祉。A. deeply深深地；B. barely勉强地；C. closely密切地；D. manually手动地。根据第二段的内容，新的传感器能感觉你可能会感冒。结合本段最后部分可知，这些人工智能对于我们是密切（closely）关注的，故选C。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有这一切的核心将是智能家居收集、分析和行动的数据。A. Accessible可到达的，可接近的；B. Central中心的；C. Relative相对的；D. Objective客观的。根
61、据语境可知，此处是指人工智能收集分析等这一切都是人工智能的核心部分，故选B。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，随着我们的家庭越来越了解我们，保护他们的安全将变得更加重要。A. personal个人的；B. special特殊的；C. specific精细的；D. secure安全的。根据下句“每一个连接到互联网的设备都是黑客的潜在目标。”可知，要保护这些设备的安全（secure），故选D。31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一个连接到互联网的设备都是黑客的潜在目标。A. camera摄像机；B. bulb灯泡；C. device设备，仪器；D. model型号，模特。本文主要叙述
62、10年以后人工智能设备（device），故选C。【32题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：一例如，人工智能的创新将会颠覆我们生活中的几乎一切，包括我们的家。A. by contrast相比之下；B. for example例如；C. in turn依次；D. at least至少。根据上下文的内容可知，上文说一系列的技术发展将推动智能家居技术的发展，这些是目前商店货架上的没有的产品。接着下面举例说明这种变化。故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在未来的智能家居中，这些AI平台能充当整个家庭的大脑，了解居民，组织和让他们所有的智能家居设备自动化。A. residents居民；B. ope
63、rators经营者；C. relatives亲属；D. consumers消费者。本段主要叙述未来的新科技给家居，即居民带来的好处，因此本小题要选resident(居民)，故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，IT公司Crestron正在开发一款软件，可以追踪人们的习惯，比如他们想在早上听哪首音乐，或者他们想在一天的某个时间打开哪盏灯。A. transforms改造；B. tracks跟踪，追踪；C. treats款待；D. trains火车。根据后面的“比如他们想在早上听哪首音乐，或者他们想在一天的某个时间打开哪盏灯”可知，此种软件是追踪（tracks）人们的习惯，故选B。【3
64、5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，一旦它知道用户的爱好会自动播放正确的播放列表或在睡前调暗灯光。A. conditions条件；B. features特色；C. preferences偏爱；D. characters特点。根据上句可知，这些软件追踪人们的习惯，如知道居民早上喜欢听哪首音乐，目的就是根据人们的爱好（preferences）来播放音乐。故选C。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished st
65、atements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）For almost 500 years, people have wondered what deadly disease wiped out most of the Aztecs (阿芝特克人）. The locals called it coco
66、lizthi, and now a team of scientists think they know exactly what that was. The outbreak is considered to be one of the deadliest epidemics (传染病）in human history. For centuries, its cause has been debated by historians. New evidence suggests that the Aztecs died from a type of bacteria called salmon
67、ella enterica.An international team of scientists came to this conclusion after analysing the skeletons (骨骼) of 29 Aztecs buried in a cocoliztli cemetery in the Oaxaca region of Mexico. The scientists obtained samples from the teeth of ten of the skeletons. They compared these with their database of
68、 bacteria and found traces of salmonella enterica.Salmonella enterica can cause enteric fever, of which typhoid (伤寒）is a type. Today, there are around 21 million cases of typhoid worldwide and it is considered a global threat.The Aztecs were fierce hunter-gatherers who settled in what is now Mexico
69、at the beginning of the 13th century. From their incredible capital city Tenochtitlan(now Mexico City),the Aztecs fought wars with other tribes until they ruled much of the region.The Aztecs ended up controlling large parts of Mesoamerica-now much of Mexico and Central America-until Spanish explorer
70、s arrived in 1519 and brought with them advanced weapons and deadly diseases. The team believe that the domesticated animals such as goats and horses, which the explorers brought with them carried the deadly bacteria.By 1545,not even 30 years after the Spanish had arrived, Mexicos Aztec nation start
71、ed coming down with a terrible illness. Symptoms included high fever, headaches and bleeding from the eyes, nose and mouth. Within five years, up to 15 million people-more than 80%of the population at the time-had died from the mystery illness they called cocoliztli. The Aztec people had no immunity
72、 (免疫) to fight the disease.“We cannot say with certainty that salmonella enterica was the cause of the cocolizti epidemic,” said Kirsten Bos from the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Germany.” We do believe that it should be considered a strong candidate.36. Which helped the
73、scientists come to the conclusion.A. Certain traces of deadly diseases carried by goats and horsesB. Extensive comparison of Aztecs buried in a cocoliztli cemeteryC. Definite discoveries of infected tooth samples from the databaseD. Small amounts of certain bacteria in the teeth of the skeletons37.
74、Which of the following is TRUE about the Aztecs?A. They had a population of about 15 million around 1545.B. Their livelihood depended on raising domesticated animals.C. Their population dropped sharply in the middle 16th century.D. They won the wars with the Spanish despite being poorly equipped.38.
75、 The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to_ A. cocolizti epidemicB. salmonella entericaC. the typhoidD. the Max Planck Institute39. The passage is mainly aboutA. how the Aztecs got infected with salmonella entericaB. why the Aztecs had no immunity to fight typhoidC. which reason cause
76、d the Aztecs to abandon their native landD. what led to the military and economic decline of the Aztecs【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 39. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。关于阿兹特克人当年因为何种疾病而出现大面积死亡一直是众说纷纭，最近的研究表明这似乎与沙门氏菌有着极大的关联。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“The scientists obtained samples from the teeth of ten of the skeletons. They
77、compared these with their database of bacteria and found traces of salmonella enterica.”可知，科研人员从阿兹特克人的骨骼上采样，通过比对发现了沙门氏菌存活的痕迹，就是据此做出了推断。故选D项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“By 1545Within five years, up to 15 million people-more than 80%of the population at the time-had died from the mystery illness they called co
78、coliztli.”可知，1545年开始到其后5年，也就是16世纪中叶，超过80%的阿兹特克人都被疾病夺走了性命，人口数量急剧下降。故选C项。【38题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段引用的原话“We cannot say with certainty that salmonella enterica was the cause of the cocolizti epidemic”可知，研究人员虽然不能确定沙门氏菌就是当年流行病的罪魁祸首，但“它”应该是一个有力的候选者，显然这里的it就指代沙门氏菌。故选B项。【39题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段的最后一句“New evidence suggest
79、s that the Aztecs died from a type of bacteria called salmonella enterica.”可知，本文主要讲述新的研究表明沙门氏菌可能才是导致阿兹特克人大量死亡的原因，围绕发现的证据详述了阿兹特克族群出现疾病流行的经过，A选项“阿兹特克人是如何感染沙门氏菌的”能够反映文章主要内容，符合主题。故选A项。【点睛】词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，要求考生准确理解文中某些关键单词或词组的含义，包括对超纲词义的推断以及熟词生义的猜测，需要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的含义。猜测词义的方法一般有以下几种：1.通过构词法（派生、合成、转化）猜测。
80、2.通过已有的同义词或反义词猜测，即在上下文找出该生词的其他表示方法，由此推断其含义。3.通过同位语猜测。4.通过解释性的词语，如that is，that is to say，in other words等，以及标点符号，如破折号、括号等引出的对该词的解释性词、句猜测。5.通过具体语境中体现出来的某种关系，如因果关系、转折关系等进行猜测。第3小题属于指代猜测的类型，一般要从上文中找寻指代对象，这里的逻辑结构是比较清楚的，引用研究人员的话，就是围绕着沙门氏菌与结论的联系而进行叙述，显然it指代的就是前文中的salmonella enterica，即可得出正确答案。（B）40. By using
81、the app released by SOLEIF, people canA. watch a video about the statues historyB. appreciate the exhibits in the museumC. view the statue from different anglesD. see a life-size model of the statue41. Where can we find both apps and popular videos?A. B. C. Apples iPadD. SOLELF42. The following word
82、s can be used to describe the Xploro app EXCEPTA. entertainingB. interactiveC. informativeD. sensitive【答案】40. C 41. A 42. D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章选取了网页上的一个专栏，介绍了几种不同功用的手机应用和网站。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据New Yorks Statue of Liberty goes AR部分的“It uses augmented-reality(AR)technology to bring the famous statue to wherever
83、you are.”可知，SOLEIF开发的这个app能让用户实时参观自由女神像。故选C项。【41题详解】细节理解题。在提供考拉视频的Get the Lowdown for Koalas部分和介绍app的New Yorks Statue of Liberty goes AR部分都给出了这个链接，可见这个网站是既能提供app下载也能观看热门视频的。故选A项。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据App helps young people in hospital部分的“A new app is helping young hospital patients to understand more about
84、 their treatment，using games，augmented-reality(AR)technology and a chatbot that answers their questions.”可知，这个手机应用能介绍治疗的相关信息（符合informative），提供游戏（符合entertaining），有聊天机器人（符合interactive）。故选D项。（C）American writer A.N.DEVERS was at a rare-book fair in New York City in 2015 when she noticed a Joan Didion ti
85、tle selling for just $25. Then she saw the price tag of a novel by the equally famous Cormac McCarthy: about $600. “I realized we dont value womens work the same way we do mens,” Devers says. “Its depressing. But its also exciting, because I can do something about it.”Three years later, after moving
86、 to London and joining the U.K.s booming rare-book trade, Devers opened the red doors of her new bookstore, the Second Shelf. Located in a quiet courtyard off the busy streets of Londons Soho, the store almost exclusively stocks rare books by women (alongside a handful of male-authored books about w
87、omen). The focus is modern fiction: Elizabeth Bowen novels, romances by Rosamunde Pilcher, poetry by Ntozake Shange.Devers skill for finding overlooked jewels was polished during a childhood of Visits to yard sales in towns across the U.S., a result of her familys following her fathers Air Force job
88、. Some of her most sought-after recent finds were works by Miriam Tlali, the first black woman to publish a novel in South Africa. Devers hit on her 1975 debut in a charity store and quickly sourced and sold 15 more Tlali books.In collecting these works, the Second Shelf is correcting a historical i
89、mbalance that has allowed womens literary achievements to be eclipsed. Bookdealers have tended to be men; much of the trades early material was collected by “country gentlemen who ran estates and amassed libraries of books to show their wealth and intelligence,” Devers says. She argues that theyve b
90、een like their peers in other male-led creative industries including television, film and the news media in that “they focus on themselves.”That past contributes to a plain absence of womens work among the books considered to be valuable cultural objects. In January, the Second Shelf went viral (走红)
91、 on Twitter after Devers pointed out that only nine books by women appeared in a list, produced by a trade website, of the 500 biggest sales at auction in the books-and-paper field last year. Even among more recently published works, a 2018 study found, titles by women are on average priced 45% lowe
92、r than books by men.In recent years, calls have gone out to read only books by women for a year and for universities to expand their curriculums. The observance of Womens History Month in the U.S. has also made March a time for publishers to suggest fitting reading lists. Devers shop is the physical
93、 site of that movement challenging the current situation. “Weve been taught to find value in something really narrow,” she says. “Its time to explore something different.”43. The first paragraph tells the readers _.A. why Devers named her shop the Second ShelfB. how Devers was exposed to rare book t
94、radeC. what motivated Devers to open the Second ShelfD. where Devers first came across womens literary works44. The underlined word “eclipse” in the fourth paragraph means_.A. fully exposedB. partially concealedC. seriously treatedD. roughly explained45. Which may explain the absence of the great li
95、terary works by women?A. The trade used to be dominated by men.B. Women writers ideas conflict with the bookdealers.C. Males tend to be productive in the creative industry.D. The majority of male readers dont read modern fiction.46. What can be inferred from the passage?A. In recent years, universit
96、y curriculums have emphasized books by women.B. Womens History Month has pushed women writers to be more productive.C. More physical bookstores like Devers are needed to change the situation.D. The Second Shelf is helping turn a page for women in literature.【答案】43. C 44. B 45. A 46. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文
97、。文章主要讲述Devers发现女性文学作品没有得到和男性作品同等的待遇，决定为女性作品做些事情。【43题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中的“I realized we dont value womens work the same way we do mens,” Devers says. “Its depressing. But its also exciting, because I can do something about it.”可知，“我意识到，我们并不像重视男性工作那样重视女性的工作，” Devers说。“这是令人沮丧的。但这也很令人兴奋，因为我可以为此做些什么。”由此可见，第一段
98、告诉读者是什么驱使Devers开设了the Second Shelf。故选C。【44题详解】词句猜测题。分析本句可知，“hat has allowed women s literary achievements to be eclipsed.”在句子作定语，对名词a historical imbalance进行修饰说明，a historical imbalance表示的是历史的不平衡，由此可测，这种不平衡引起女性文学成就遭到不好的待遇，eclipsed应该表达的是一种不好的语境，结合选项，选项B，表示的是有偏见地被隐藏，符合语境。故选B。【45题详解】细节理解题。由第四段的第二句Bookdea
99、lers have tended to be men; much of the trades early material was collected by “country gentlemen who ran estates and amassed libraries of books to show their wealth and intelligence,”可知，书商一直倾向于是男性，许多的贸易早期资料被乡绅收集，他们经营房地产并且积累了一图书馆的书去显示他们的财富和智慧。由此可见，贸易过去常常被男性控制，导致了女性文学作品的缺失。故选A。【46题详解】推理判断题。由第四段的第一句In
100、 collecting these works, the Second Shelf is correcting a historical imbalance that has allowed women s literary achievements to be eclipsed.和最后一段的第三句Devers shop is the physical site of that movement challenging the current situation.可知，在收集这些作品的时候，书店the Second Shelf 正在纠正历史的不平衡，这个不平衡已经让女性文学成就变得黯然失色了。
101、Devers的书店是那场挑战现状的运动的实质性地点。由此可见，Devers的书店The Second Shelf一直在为女性文学的改变提供帮助。故选D。【点睛】词义猜测题解题技巧之一：利用定语从句的语法功能解题。定语从句是对句中某个名词进行修饰说明，我们可以通过对名词的理解或者定语从句的理解，推测要猜测的词义。如本小题2，分析本句可知，“hat has allowed women s literary achievements to be eclipsed.”在句子是定语从句，对名词a historical imbalance进行修饰说明，a historical imbalance表示的是历
102、史的不平衡，由此可测，这种不平衡引起女性文学成就遭到不好的待遇，eclipsed应该表达的是一种不好的语境，结合选项，选项B，表示的是有偏见地被隐藏，符合语境，故选B。Section CBringing Light to the Darkness with Crisco ArtMost paintings are best enjoyed in galleries with good lighting. But an Italian artist who goes by the name Crisco is changing the way we look at paintings with
103、a new approach: glow (发光）in-the-dark paint.Criscos paintings are beautiful in normal lighting, but it is when the lights go down that they really come alive. _47_ His art mostly shows landscapes. Trees, horizons, and especially starry skies come alive with the glow of his paints. At the center of mo
104、st of his work, there is often a human or animal figure. The figure may be just a shadow surrounded by the glowing colors, but it often appears to be the source of the light. _48_Instead, they are all bright pictures of hope, life, wonder, and growth. They are Criscos way of adding a little light to
105、 the world.Criscos full name is Cristoforo Scorpiniti. _49_Instead of letting a negative experience get the best of him, he threw himself into a new pursuit: art. According to Crisco, he paints with glowing colors to inspire hope. Though his paintings often show night scenes that look good in the da
106、rk, Crisco does not focus on the darkness. Instead, he uses his paintings to express positivity by creating light in the darkness.A lot of his best work has come out of just painting what he felt at the time without any plan or structure. _50_With over half a million followers on Instagram, Crisco i
107、s already popular on social media for his unique paintings. Hell surely only get more famous in the future for his inspiring paintings that beautifully mix darkness and light.A. In addition to painting on canvas, Crisco also paints on musical instruments.B. However, no matter what the scene is, none
108、 of the paintings focus on the darkness.C. His paintings take you on an unknown adventure into an unknown space, reminding you to be alert and brave.D. Through the use of glowing paint, he brings a sense of magic and energy to the scenes that he creates.E. Studies have shown that expressing themselv
109、es through art can help people with depression and anxiety.F. As a self-taught artist, he found his passion for art at a dark time in his life when he found himself suddenly out of work.【答案】47. D 48. B 49. F 50. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了意大利画家Crisco不同寻常的绘画形式-用发光的颜料来作画，让人们在没有光的情况下，欣赏他的作品。同时文章还解释了为何他会采用这种画法的原
110、因以及这些画所代表的的意义，现在这位意大利画家很受欢迎。【47题详解】上一句提到“Crisco的画在正常的灯光下很漂亮，但只有当灯光熄灭时，它们才会真正活跃起来。”承接下文，D选项“通过使用发光的颜料，他给他创造的场景带来了魔力和能量”对上一句其补充说明作用。切题。故选D项。【48题详解】上一句提到“这个图形可能只是一个被发光的颜色包围的阴影，但它经常看起来是光源”。表示转折，B选项“然而，无论场景是什么，没有一幅画聚焦于黑暗。”切题。故选B项。【49题详解】划线后一句提到“他没有让负面的经历占据上风，而是投身于一种新的追求:艺术。”承接下句。F选项“作为一名自学成才的艺术家，他是在人生的黑暗
111、时期发现自己突然失去了对艺术的热爱”中的“对艺术失去了热爱”和后句“负面的经历”相契合。故选F项。【50题详解】前句提到“他很多最好的作品都是在没有任何计划或结构的情况下画出他当时的感觉”承接上文。A选项“除了在画布上作画，Crisco还在乐器上作画”。A项的内容和前句表示递进，进一步说明Crisco的创作的不同寻常。切题。故选A项。IV. Summary Writing51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more
112、 than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Building a Greener FutureYear after year, Earths precious resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Still people need materials to build new houses, office buildings and schools. Theres only one solution to this problem: do more with less. That
113、s what sustainable construction is all about. Advocates of sustainable construction believe the entire building process can be done without harming the environment, and by doing so, the earth is kept sustainable for future generations. To make these green buildings possible, however, the process mus
114、t be implemented from the beginning.Picture a city government that wants to build a green office building. The first thing these city planners would do is select a site with a small environmental impact. Ideally, they would choose a site that had already been developed, thus keeping the forests and
115、grasslands protected.Next, city planners would turn their attention toward the construction process. Only green materials could be used to build their office towers. These include wood, steel, and other materials that have been recycled from destroyed buildings. If possible, they have been manufactu
116、red, recovered, or resourced locally. The closer that these green materials are to the construction site, the less energy is wasted getting them to where theyre needed.Maintenance costs are the next important factors that need to be considered. City planners would design heating and cooling systems
117、that use as little energy as possible. They would fit solar roof panels that will absorb the heat from the sun to power the building. Toilets and sinks designed to minimize water waste would be fitted throughout the building. These efficiencies dont just help to protect the environment; they can sav
118、e money over the long run as well.After all this was finished, the city planners would relax and maybe even throw a party. They have designed a building that was green at every step-the golden rule of sustainable construction.【答案】Sustainable construction is the solution to scarce resources and helps
119、 protect the environment. First, it means choosing a site which produces minimal environmental impact. It also involves using green recyclable and locally produced materials. Lastly, it is important to take measures like using sustainable energy to reduce maintenance cost. Therefore, sustainable con
120、struction focuses on making the whole building process green.【解析】【分析】这是一篇概要写作。文章是说明文，介绍如何建设绿色未来。【详解】根据第一段中Thats what sustainable construction is all about. Advocates of sustainable construction believe the entire building process can be done without harming the environment, and by doing so, the eart
121、h is kept sustainable for future generations. “这就是可持续建设的意义所在。可持续建设的倡导者认为，整个建设过程可以不损害环境，这样做，地球是可持续的子孙后代。”可知，Sustainable construction is the solution to scarce resources and helps protect the environment.（可持续建设是解决稀缺资源和保护环境的有效途径）；根据第二段中The first thing these city planners would do is select a site with
122、a small environmental impact.“这些城市规划者要做的第一件事就是选择一个对环境影响小的地点。”可知，First, it means choosing a site which produces minimal environmental impact.（首先，这意味着选择一个对环境影响最小的地点）；根据第三段中Only green materials could be used to build their office towers. These include wood, steel, and other materials that have been rec
123、ycled from destroyed buildings.“只有绿色材料才能用来建造他们的办公大楼。这些材料包括木材、钢铁和其他从被摧毁的建筑物中回收的材料。”可知，It also involves using green recyclable and locally produced materials.（它还包括使用绿色可回收和本地生产的材料）；根据第四段第一句Maintenance costs are the next important factors that need to be considered.“维护成本是下一个需要考虑的重要因素。”可知，Lastly, it is i
124、mportant to take measures like using sustainable energy to reduce maintenance cost.（最后，采取可持续能源等措施，降低维修成本）；根据最后一段After all this was finished, the city planners would relax and maybe even throw a party. They have designed a building that was green at every step-the golden rule of sustainable construct
125、ion.“在所有这些都完成后，城市规划者会放松下来，甚至可能会举办一场派对。他们设计的建筑每一步都是绿色的这是可持续建设的黄金法则。”可知，因此，可持续建设的重点是使整个建筑过程绿色。V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 弘扬中华民族的美德，并不意味着我们不需要与时俱进。(mean)53. 出于安全考虑，任何账户的密码都应该包括字母、数字和符号。(concern)54. 尽管最后期限延长了一个月，研究团
126、队仍需调整策略，以便如期完成项目。(so that)55. 很多医生表情严肃说着难懂的术语，但张医生是个例外，他做事脚踏实地，话语浅显幽默，赢得了公众的认可。(whose)【答案】52. To promote/Promoting the virtues of the Chinese nation doesnt mean we neednt advance/keep pace with the times. 53. Due to/Out of safety concern/As far as safety is concerned, the password for any account sh
127、ould include letters, numbers and symbols. 54. Though the deadline has been extended for a month, the research team still need (s) to adjust their strategy so that they can/may complete the project as scheduled/planned. 55. Many doctors are serious and talk in complex medical terms, but doctor Zhang
128、 is an exception, whose down-to-earth/realistic/practical behaviors and (whose) plain and funny speech have won the recognition of the public.【解析】【52题详解】考查动词。分析句子可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为不定式To promote/Promoting the virtues of the Chinese nation，谓语为doesnt mean，宾语为省略that的宾语从句we neednt advance/keep pace with the
129、 times。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：To promote/Promoting the virtues of the Chinese nation doesnt mean we neednt advance/keep pace with the times。【53题详解】考查名词。分析句子可知，前一句为表示原因的状语，主句的主语为the password for any account，谓语为should include，并列宾语为letters, numbers and symbols。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Due to/Out of safety concern/As far
130、 as safety is concerned, the password for any account should include letters, numbers and symbols。【54题详解】考查结果状语从句的引导词。分析句子可知，though引导让步状语从句，主句主语为the research team，谓语为need (s) to adjust，宾语为their strategy，且用so that引导结果状语从句。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Though the deadline has been extended for a month, the research
131、team still need (s) to adjust their strategy so that they can/may complete the project as scheduled/planned。【55题详解】考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子可知，此处要用“whose+名词”引导的定语从句，先行词是doctor Zhang；定语从句主语为whose down-to-earth/realistic/practical behaviors and (whose) plain and funny speech，谓语为have won，宾语为the recognition of th
132、e public。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Many doctors are serious and talk in complex medical terms, but doctor Zhang is an exception, whose down-to-earth/realistic/practical behaviors and (whose) plain and funny speech have won the recognition of the public。VI. Guided Writing56.Directions: Write an English composit
133、ion in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学学生张华，你的朋友李明来信。在信中他提到他母亲不论在旅游时还是在生活中，总是未经许可就把他的照片发到微信朋友圈（WeChat Moments),这让他十分烦恼。请你写一封回信，给李明提一些具体的建议并说明理由。【答案】Dear Li Ming，Thank you for your email and I think you should not worry about this matter too much. You mentio
134、ned that your mother would post your photos on WeChat Moments without your permission. However, you did not tell me what exactly annoys you. In my opinion, whatever the reason is, you should try to communicate with your mother. Tell her about your feelings and you should be able to work this out tog
135、ether. For example, if you feel insecure about having your pictures shared, you can kindly ask her to post those photos after speaking to you. As teenagers, it is normal to feel upset when your parents are doing something you do not like. The key to the issue is always communication. Thats all. Plea
136、se let me know if you have further questions. Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Zhang Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封回信，就李明的烦恼，给李明提一些具体的建议并说明理由。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 说明写信目的：提建议 2. 具体内容： 1）建议与妈妈交流 2）要求妈妈在征求你的意见后在传照片第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）worry about；
137、without your permission；in my opinion；communicate with；be able to； for example；ask sb. to do 第三步：连词成句1. Thank you for your email and I think you should not worry about this matter too much. 2. You mentioned that your mother would post your photos on WeChat Moments without your permission. 3. You did
138、 not tell me what exactly annoys you. 4. Whatever the reason is, you should try to communicate with your mother. 5. Tell her about your feelings and you should be able to work this out together. 6. If you feel insecure about having your pictures shared, you can kindly ask her to post those photos af
139、ter speaking to you. 7. As teenagers, it is normal to feel upset when your parents are doing something you do not like.8. The key to the issue is always communication. 9. Please let me know if you have further questions. 10. Looking forward to your reply.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.
140、表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including,3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand,O
141、n the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：However, you did not tell me what exactly annoys you.这句话运用了what引导的名词性从句，In my opinion, whatever the reason is, you should try to communicate with your mother.这句话运用了whatever引导的让步状语从句；使用了一些固定词组，如worry about；without your permission；in my opinion；communicate with；be able to；for example；ask sb. to do 等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。- 31 -