1、2008全国高考新题型预测-5（英语）Chapter 5 SB I Units 9 - 10重点句型1. Cell phones, or mobile phones make it possible for us to talk to anyone from anywhere. it 作形式宾语的用法2. I dont dare to use the phone in school. dare 的用法3. The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter w
2、here we are or what we are doing.no matter + 疑问词引导的让步状语从句4. The cell phone helps her do whatever she wants to do.whatever 引导的名词从句5. We human beings could not survive without all plants and animals around us. 表双重否定6. We may be able to take measures before it is too late.before 的译法7. Steve Jones tries
3、 to keep animals and plants from becom- ing endangered. 表示“阻止某人做某事”重点词汇1. agreement n. 一致，协定2. absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地3. press vt. & vi. 按，压，逼迫4. teenager n. (13-19岁的)青少年5. throughout prep. 遍及，贯穿6. add vt. 增加，添加，补充说7. 1atest adj. 最近的，最新的8. calendar n. 日历9. appointment n. 约会，指定10. behaviour n. 行为，举止1
4、1. obey v. 服从12. emergency n. 紧急情况13. dial vt. 拨号14. unexpected adj. 想不到的15. particular adj. 特别的，个别的16. succeed v. 成功17. force n. & vt. 力量，强制18. wonder n. 奇迹19. defeat vt. & n. 击败，失败20. department n. 部，局，系21. interview vt. & n. 接见，会见22. environmental adj. 环境的23. common adj. 共同的，普遍的24. valuable adj.
5、有价值的25. reduce vt. 减少26. respond vi. 回答，响应27. material n. 材料，原料28. attractive adj. 吸引人的29. organize vt. & vi. 组织30. amount n. 数量重点短语1. keep / stay in touch with 与保持联络2. call for 要求，需要3. in case of 假设，万一4. according to 根据，据所说5. take over 接收，接管6. break down 毁掉，坏掉7. in danger 在危险中8. die out 灭绝，逐渐消失9. a
6、s a result of 作为(的)结果10. lead to 导致某种结果11. take measures 采取措施12. adapt to 适应13. make a difference 有关系，有影响14. devote.to 献身于，专心于15. at present 现在，目前16. set free 释放17. in the wild 在自然环境下18. throw away 扔掉19. on the go 忙个不停，四处奔走20. remind.of. 使人想起21. dream of 梦想22. come up with 提出23. first of all 首先24. m
7、ake money 赚钱25. depend on 依靠短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词5分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1. stay in _ with 与保持联络2. call _ 要求，需要3. _ case(of) 假设；万一4. according _ 按照；根据所说5. take _ 接收；接管6. break _ 毁掉，坏掉；中止7. _ danger 在危险中；垂危8. die _ 灭绝；逐渐消失9. _ a result of作为(的)结果；由于10. lead _ 导致某种结
8、果11. _ measures 采取措施12. adapt _ 适应(新环境等)13. make a _ 有关系；有影响14. devote _ 献身于；专心于15. present _ 现在；目前16. _ free 释放17. _ the wild 在自然环境下18. throw _ 扔掉；浪费19. _ the go 忙个不停；四处奔走；跑来跑去20. turn.inside _ 把翻过来交际用语1. I cant agree with you on this point.2. Thats the point.3. Well, it depends.4. Does anyone shar
9、e Davids opinion?5. I absolutely agree.6. Thats how I see it.7. Why cant we drink the water in our rivers and lakes? Because the water is polluted.8. Cars and factories cause air pollution. As a result of air pollution, many people get sick.9. People get sick because of air pollution. It follows tha
10、t we must do something about it.单词聚焦1. adapt vt. 使适应；使配合(1) adapt + n. + to + n. 使适应，使适合He could not adapt his way of life to the school. 他的生活方式无法适应学校的要求。(2) adapt (oneself) to 适应She quickly adapted to new circumstances. 她能够很快地适应新环境。/ I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions. 我建议他应该
11、调整自己，以适应新的环境。2. add vt. & vi. 增加，加入，补充说If the tea is too strong, add some more water. 如果茶太浓，再加些水。/ Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary。这一版字典增加了很多词。/ The bad weather only added to our difficulties. 恶劣的天气只会增添我们的困难。/ And I hope you will realize it one day. he added. 他接着说：“我希耀你总
12、有一天会明白这一点。” / I should like to add that we are pleased with the result. 我想补充一句，我们对这个成果感到高兴。短语add.to. 在中加上 add to 增加，增添add up 加起来 add up to 总计，总共有Your carelessness added to our difficulty. 你的粗心增加了我们的困难。/ The money he spent added up to no more than 1,000. 他花的钱总计1000英镑。3. add 的用法 构词： addition n. 加，加起来，
13、增加物，增加，加法 additional adj. 外加的，附加的，另加的 搭配： add sth in 算人；包括 add A to B 把A加到B上，往A里添加B add to 增加，加到 in addition 加上，又，另外 in addition to 加上，除外，又 add sth up 把加起来，总计 add up (to)总计共达；表示，等于说。意味着；总而言之【考例】The president talked with the official for a longtime, _ that he still trusted him.A. added B. adding C. a
14、dding up D. adding up to考查目标 本题考查add及其构成短语的意思。答案与解析B adding的意思是“补充(说)”。add up to意思是“加起来等于”。4. amount n. 量，常与不可数名词连用“the amount of + 不可数名词”表示“的量”。提醒“a large amount of + 不可数名词”后跟单数谓语“large amounts of + 不可数名词”后跟复数谓语There is a large amount of / are large amounts of coal to be sent there. 大量的煤要运往那儿。比较 nu
15、mber 也意为“量”，但它指可数的事物的“数目，数量”。the number of 的数目 / numbers of / a number of 大量的 后跟复数名词5. case的用法 搭配： as is often the case 这是常有的事 as the case stands 在目前的情况下，就现有的情况而论 in this / that case 如果是这样那样的话 in any case 无论如何，总之 in case (that)-clause 假使。如果，万一 in case of 万一，如果发生 (just)in case 以防(万一) in most cases 在大
16、多数情况下【考例】(2005广东)Youd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor _ you have to wait.A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that考查目标考查 case 构成的短语的用法。答案与解析C 句意：“当你去看医生的时候最好带点东西读以防等待”。in case 意为“万一”；even if意为“即使”；as if，意为“好像”；in order that 意为“为了”。就高考而言，除了 in case 之外，意为“以防万一”的引导词还应掌
17、握-，for fear that 和lest。6. defeat 的用法 构词：defeatist n. 失败主义者 搭配：suffer a defeat战败；遭受挫败 辨析：defeat；beat；conquer 这组动词的一般含义是“打败”。defeat 的含义是“打败”，但被打败者不一定服输。例如：The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. 公众为门杜萨下了一大笔赌注，但是他被击败了。beat则表示彻底“打败”，而且被打败者完全服输了。例如：It was not until his third match
18、in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and become Champion of England. 直到1790年第三次比赛时，他才最后打败汉弗莱斯，而成为英国的冠军。conquer 更可强调“把对方征服”，而且被征服者或被征服的国家为征服者所有，可以任意支配，特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制。例如：Some countries may be defeated but can never be conquered. 有的国家可能被打败，但决不能被征服。【考例】- Who _ the team from No. 2 Middle school? - Im
19、 not sure. Perhaps the team from the nearby county.A. defeated B. won C. beat D. gained考查目标本题考查defeat的常见用法。答案与解析A defeat 意思是“打败”，后面跟的是表示“人”或“组织”的名词或代词。7. depend 的用法 搭配： That depends. 要看情况而定。 It (all) depends. 要看情况而定。 depend on / upon 依靠；由而定取决于；从属于；依赖其维持【考例】2004江苏- How long are you staying? - I dont
20、know. _.A. Thats OK B. Never mindC. It depends D. It doesnt matter考查目标考查depend在交际场合的用法。答案与解析C it depends 意思是“看情况。不能确定”。8. devote vt. 投入于；献身devoted 忠实的；献身的；专用的devote ones time / life / energy / oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于；献身于 = be devoted to.致力于；献身于；忠实于 After that, he devoted his entire energy to the
21、se studies. 从那以后，他全力以赴从事这些研究工作。/ He is very devoted to his wife. 他很忠实于他的妻子。9. devote 的用法 构词： devotion n. 献身；奉献；忠诚；热心，专心 devoted adj. 忠诚的；挚爱的；喜欢的 devotedly adv. 忠实地，一心一意地搭配： devote.to 把献给；把专用于 devote oneself to 致力于，献身于；专心于 be devoted to 专心于，忠于 友情提示：各搭配中to均为介词。【考例】2004全国卷IV First of all, I respected h
22、is _ to teaching.A. attention B. introductionC. relation D. devotion考查目标 本题考查 devote 派生词的词义和用法。答案与解析D devote的名词形式是devotion，也应该和介词 to 搭配。10. force n. UC力量，势力，暴力 vt. 强迫，促使，强制 He didnt use much force. 他没怎么用力。/ They refused to bow before force. 他们拒绝向暴力低头。/ They have come to know the forces of nature. 他们
23、终于知道了大自然的力量。注意the forces 可表示“军队，兵力”。拓展force sb. to do sth.；force sb. into doing sth.；force sb. / sth. + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 I was forced to leave. 我被迫离开。(= into leaving) / The strong man forced himself into the empty room. 那个身体强壮的男子强行进入了那个宅房间。短语by force 靠武力，强行 be in force 生效come / go into force 生效 put i
24、n / into force 使生效force ones way 强行前进或进入11. hurry 的用法 构词： hurried adj. 匆忙的 hurriedly adv. 仓促地慌忙地 搭配： in a hurry 匆忙地 in no hurry 不忙，有充分的时间；不急于 no hurry 不忙不必着急，有充裕的时间 hurry up 快点，赶紧做；催促(快点) 辨析：hurry; haste; speed 均含“动作上的快速”的意思。hurry 指“动作不轻松、不自然的快，有时表示不必要的快”，并且常有“忙乱仓促”的意思。例如：In her hurry she forgot to
25、leave her address. 在匆忙中，她忘了留下地址。haste 着重“想办法赶快”的意思，并常表示“匆忙的动作。有时动作过分仓促而不能得到预期的结果”。例如：All his haste was of no use. 他白忙了。/ Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。speed 指“人(物)快捷(速)的动作”。例如：It is dangerous to corner at speed. 高速转弯是危险的。【考例】2004湖南 When l there _ I apologized for being late, and told him Id come as quick
26、ly as I could,.A. went B. ran C. walked D. hurried考查目标 考查几个与“走”有关的近义词的区别。答案与解析D 从上下文看，当时，是”匆忙”的。12. lie的用法构词：liar n. 说谎者搭配： lie down 躺下；磨洋工；停止战斗 lie in 在于；位于 tell a lie = tell lies 撒谎【考例】2002北京 I would _ very still so that the enemy would not discover me.A. lay B. hide C. rest D. lie考查目标本题考查lie，lay等
27、几个相近词的区别。答案与解析D lie是动词原形，意思是“躺”或“撒谎”。在本句中是“躺”的意思。13. measure 的用法 搭配： make sth to sbs measure 按某人的尺寸制作某物 take measures 采取措施 beyond / above measure 无法估量地；无限的，极度地，非常，极为【考例】2004天津 I realized strength and courage arent always _ in medals and victories, but in the struggle we overcome.A. measured B. prais
28、ed C. tested D. increased考查目标 本题考查measure的意思。答案与解析A measure的基本词义是“衡量，量”。14. press vt. & vi. 按，压，夹 n. 压力，印刷机，新闻界 Press this button to start the engine. 按下这个按钮启动发动机。/ My shoes presses my toe. 我的鞋挤脚趾。/ The power of the press is very great. 舆论的力量是巨大的。拓展 pressure n. 劳累，紧张；pressing adj. 紧迫的，恳切的短语 be press
29、ed for time / money 缺时间钱；press on 加紧赶路，奋力前进；in the press 正在印刷15. reduce vt. & vi 减少，缩减，减化reduce prices 降低价格reduce air pollution 减少空气污染reduce ones weight 减肥reduce noise 减少噪音注意reduce 作不及物动词时，仅作“减肥”讲。I must reduce to get into that dress. 我必须减肥才能穿上那条裙子。拓展reduce.to 使陷入不良状况；把归纳成；把降职为(to为介词) He was reduced
30、 to begging for food. 他沦落到讨饭的地步。短语 order 使恢复秩序；整理 reduce.to silence使安静，使沉默下来tears 使哭了起来16. remind(1) vt. 提醒 remind sb. of / about sth. 提醒某人某物；提醒某人注意某事Be sure to remind her of the meeting she has to attend. 务必提醒她要参加那次会议。 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事Please remind me to post the letter. 请提醒我寄那封信。 remi
31、nd sb. that-clause 提醒某人 She reminded me that I hadnt written to mother. 她提醒了我，我还没给妈妈写信。(2) vt. 使(人)想起，使记起 remind sb. of sb. / sth. 使想到某人或某物 He reminds me of his father. 看到他使我想起他的父亲。 remind sb. that-clause 使人回忆起 The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. 看到钟使我想起我已经晚了。【考例】2000上海春招what you sai
32、d just now _ me of that American professor.A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized考查目标 remind基本用法。答案与解析C remind表示“提醒；让想起”。17. wonder v. 惊奇，惊叹，对感到惊奇，想知道C 奇迹，奇观奇事I wondered that he couldnt answer such an easy question. 他竟然回答不出这样简单的问题，真让我感到奇怪。/ I dont wonder at her refusing to marry him. 她拒绝嫁
33、给他，对此我一点也不奇怪。/ It is really a wonder that he can recover from the SARS. 他能从非典型性肺炎中康复真是一个奇迹。 构词：wonderful adj. 令人惊奇的奇妙的，极好的，令人愉快的 搭配： what a wonder! 多么令人惊异!真想不到! It is a wonder that. 奇怪的是 (Its) no / little / small wonder (that) 难怪，并不奇怪Its no wonder that you are so happy. 难怪你这么高兴。 do / perform / work
34、wonders 创造奇迹，取得惊人成就【考例】(2005湖北) He hasnt slept at all for three days. _ he is tired out.A. There is no point B. There is no needC. It is no wonder D. It is no way考查目标 考查 wonder 的词义。答案与解析C “他已经三天没有睡觉了，现在筋疲力尽也不足为奇。”根据句意，答案选C。 no wonder 表示“不足为奇的”；no point 表示“没有意义”；no need表示“没有的必要”；no way 表示“决不”。牛刀小试1用所
35、给单词的适当形式填空：(lie, remind, case, depend, add, measure, hurry)1. The Smiths said they would take _ to repair the windows by themselves.2. Theres plenty of time left; No _.3. The policemen rushed into the bedroom, only to find the couple _ on the bed, dead.4. - Would you like to go swimming with Jack an
36、d Jim? - That _.5. The heavy storm _to our trouble in the long marching, besides we were too tired.6. When I couldnt remember the exact words, my brother _ me of them.7. I know theres no need to take so much money with me, but still I want to bring some in _.短语归类1. 含 as 的短语 as usual 像平常一样 as if / as
37、 though 好像 as long as 长达；只要 as soon as possible 尽可能早地，尽快 as well 也，又，同样地 as often as 每次每当 as a / the result of 作为的结果 as well as 也，还，和一样好 as soon as 一就和一样快 as far as 和一样远，就，尽 may / might as well 不妨 as a result 结果，因此例句 As if unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked around. 她仿佛茫然不知身在何处，犹犹豫豫向四周
38、张望。/ As long as it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go fishing. 只要明天不下雨，我们就去钓鱼。/ The flight was delayed as the result of fog. 因为有雾该 航班误点。/ She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 她不但是摄影师还是个天才音乐家。/ His parents supported him as far as they could. 他父母竭尽全力抚养他。/ As often as I tried to phone
39、 him, the line was engaged. 每次我给他打电话都占线。【考例】(2003北京) _ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While考查目标此题主要考查四个单词或短语的意思及用法。答案与解析C even though / if 即使；unless 如果不；as long as 只要；while 当时候。本句话意思是“只有我知道这些钱是安全的，我就不担心了”。【考例】(2005湖南) The more I think
40、about him, the more reasons I find for loving him _ I did. A. as much as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as考查目标此题主要考查四个短语的意思及用法。答案与解析 A A项as much as (和一样多)符合题意：“我越想他就越发现有更多的理由让我像从前一样地爱他。”2. at present 目前；presently 副词，相当于soon，意思是“不久”；for the present 眼下，暂时 (= for the moment)。At present, he is on
41、 holiday. 目前，他在度假。 / I will finish the work presently. 我就要完成这个工作。/ He is busy writing a book for the present. 他眼下正忙于写书。 另外，be present at 到场，出席，反义词 be absent from 缺席；present 还作后置定语，意思是“到场的，在座 的”；present 用作名词“礼物，赠品”。All but one were present at the meeting last night. 除了一人外，大家都出席了昨天晚上的会议。Present at the
42、 meeting were the leading members of the departments concerned. 有关部门的负责人出席了会议。11. come up with 提出，找到(答案)；赶上 He came up with a new suggestion. 他提出一项新建议。 Lets go slowly so that the others may come up with 咱们慢慢走，好让其他人赶上来。 注意come up 意为“被提出”，主语是物。 Some practical suggestions came up at the meeting. 会上提出了一
43、些可行性建议。3. die out绝种，灭种 Elephants would die out soon if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wish.如果允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，那么它们不久就会灭绝。 拓展 die out 还可表示“熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失”。Many old customs are dying out. 许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。 链接 die off 一个个死掉 (或枯死) / die away 渐消；平息 / die down 平息；变弱 / die for 急切想要 / die from 因致死，死于(外
44、因) / die of 死于(内因)4. 含“in + 名词”构成的短语 in fact 事实上 in case (of) 假使，以防，万一 in surprise 惊讶地，惊奇地，吃惊地 in general 一般，大体上 in total 总共 in all 总共 in future 从今以后 in particular 尤其，特别是 in trouble 处于困境 in time 及时，总有一天 in a hurry 匆忙地 in front of 在前面in the open air 在户外，在野外 in front 前方，正对面 in the future 将来 in the end
45、 最后 in the day 在白天 in danger 在危险中，垂危 in the wild 在自然环境中 in ruins 成为废墟，遭到严重破坏 in a word 总之例句 No one believed it, but in fact, Mary did win the prize. 没有人相信，但的确玛丽获奖了。/ Do you think we can get there in time for the first act? 你认为我们能赶上看第一幕吗? / When he was in trouble, he always turned to me for help. 他有困
46、难时。总是向我求助。/ In common with many people, he prefers classical music to pop. 和许多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐胜过流行音乐。/ If you keep on doing so, you will regret in time. 如果你总是这样做，总有一天你会后悔的。/ In general, her work has been good, but his essay is dreadful. 总的说来，她的作品不错，不过他的文章糟透了。/ The whole meal was good but the wine in part
47、icular was excellent. 整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。/ In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait. 万一他在我回来前到达，请让他等我。【考例】(NMET 2000) I dont think Ill need any money but I will bring some _. A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time考查目标 此题主要考查四个短语的用法。答案与解析B at last 终于，最后；once again 再次；in time
48、及时，总有一天；in case 万一。本句话意思是“我认为我们不需要钱，但是为预防万一，我还是要带点”。5. in case of 是介词短语，意为“在(有坏事的)情况下”， “万一发生”。 In case of fire, phone the police.万一发生火灾，就给警察打电话。 The match will be put off in case of rain. 万一下雨，比赛就延期。 拓展 in case单独使用时，可用作状语，也可引起从 句，意为“以免，以防”。 Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting. 坐出租车吧，以防
49、开会迟到。 Ill keep some of these unused in case. 这些不用的东西我要留一些，以防万一。 注意in case 引起的从句表示条件，所以从句中不用将来时态，但可用should，might。 Take your raincoat in case it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。 相关短语 in no case 决不(置于句首，句子用倒装) / in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 / in that case 如果那样 In no case should you give up. 你绝不应该放弃。/ In any case, do it
50、better. 无论如何，要尽力而为。/ In that case he would have telephoned the restaurant. 那样的话他本来会给餐馆打电话的。 提示case可表达多种意义： That isnt the case with Peter. 彼得的情况并不如此。(情况，情形) The worst cases have been sent to hospital.情况最严重的患者已被送往医院。(患者，病人) The case will be tried in the court next week. 下周要审这个案子。(案情，案例)6. in danger在危险
51、中 短语in danger of有的危险 out of danger 脱离危险 full of danger 充满危险的 a danger to society 社会的危险人物事物 拓展dangerous 危险的，指给别人造成危险 The boy is seriously iIl and his life is in danger.那个男孩病得很重，生命垂危。He has been very ill. The doctor says that he is now out of danger.他一直病得很厉害，医生说他现在已脱离了危险。7. make a difference 造成差别，有影响
52、make a big difference = make much difference 造成很大差别 make no / little difference 没有差别 make some / any difference 有些差别 Who will win makes no difference to me.谁将获胜对于我来说没什么两样。= It makes no difference to me who will win. / Does it make any difference whether he will come? 他来不来会有差别吗?8. stay in touch with
53、= keep in touch with 与保持联系(状态) The salesman stays / keeps in touch with the office by phone. 推销员通过电话与办公室保持联系。 短语be in touch with 和有联系(状态)；get in touch with 和取得联系(动作) ；lose touch with 和失去联系(动作)；be out of touch with 和失去联系(状态)9. take measures (1) measure 名词“措施，办法”，take measures to do something 采取措施做某事；
54、名词“最度，尺寸” make clothes to ones own measure 根据某人的尺寸做衣服；名词“计量单位”。We must take necessary measures to solve these problems one by one.我们必须采取必要的措施逐个解决这些问题。/ I went to the tailors to make a suit to my own measure last week. 上周我去裁缝店量体做一套衣服。/ A meter is a measure of length. 米是长度单位。 (2) measure 既可以用作及物动词也可以用
55、作不及物动词，意思是“量，测量”。 My mother is measuring me for clothes. 我妈妈在给我量尺寸做衣服。/ It measures easily if spread on the table. 要是把它铺在桌子上，量起来可更容易些。 注意表示“采取措施做某事”还可以用do something / things to do something。We must do something to prevent SARS. 我们必须采取措施预防非典型性肺炎。/Have you done anything to deal with that problem? 你采取措
56、施解决那个问题了吗?10. 含介词 to 的短语(1) according to 根据所说(2) adapt to 适应(3) come to oneself 苏醒，恢复知觉(4) devote.to 献身于，专心于(5) get to 到达(6) give birth to 生(孩子)(7) lead to 通向，导致(8) listen to 听(9) make ones way to. 往走(10) make a contribution to 贡献给，捐赠(11) on ones way to 在途中(12) owe.to.把归功于(13) point to 指向(14) prefer
57、.to. 喜欢胜似；宁愿干而不愿 千(15) to ones surprise 令(某人)惊讶(16) say goodbye to 告别，告辞(17) thanks to 由于，多亏(18) get down to 着手(19) belong to 属于(20) pay attention to 注意(21) stick to 坚持(22) object to 反对(23) be opposed to 反对(24) refer to 参阅，涉及例句Everyone should make a contribution to a charity collection. 每个人都应该给慈善事业捐
58、赠。/ At first I couldnt see anything when l stepped out of the room，but my eyes adapted to the dark bit by bit. 我刚走出房间时，起初什么也看不到，但是慢慢地我的眼睛适应了漆黑的环境。/ Thanks to the arrival of the police, the murderer was caught. 由于警察的赶到凶手才被捉住。/ We owe our great achievements to the correct leadership of the Party. 我们把取
59、得的伟大成就归功于党的正确领导。/ After I graduated from university, l continued to devote myself to research. 我大学毕业后继续进行研究。/ Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness. 劳动量大且休息得很少经常导致疾病。【考例】(2004湖北) Once a decision has been made, all of us should _ it. A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to考
60、查目标此题主要考查四个短语的用法。答案与解析B direct to 指引，指导；stick to 坚持；lead to 通向，导致；refer to 提到，谈到，参考。本句话意思是“一旦做出决定，就应该坚持”。【考例】(2005浙江) The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes. A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on考查目标此题主要考查四个短语的意思及用法。答案与解析B refer to 意为“
61、参照，提到”；bring up意为“抚养，养育”；look for 意为“寻找”；try on 意为“试穿”。题意“主席在商务会议上做了将近一小时的发言没有看稿。”牛刀小试2句子改错，每句仅一处错误。1. In generally, most teenagers now listen to rock music. However, Jonah prefers classical music.2. I suppose Robert is fit the job in case he can put his mind to it.3. Eat too much fat can lead to he
62、art disease and cause high blood pressure.4. He has devoted his whole life to benefit mankind.5. Toms interests include basketball, bowling, and surfing the Web as good as studying his favorable subjects.词语比较1. spend, cost, take, pay, pay for (1) spend的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等，其后用on+名词或用in(可省略) + 动名词形
63、式，不接不定式。He spends much money on books. 他平时将很多钱用在买书上。/ He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car. 他花很多钱买一辆新车。 (2) cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用”、“耗费”，后接life，money，health，time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。The book cost him one dollar. 这本书用了他一美元。/ Making experiments like this costs much time and labor. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。 注
64、意cost后不能与具体的时间长度连用，只能与表示抽象概念的时间短语连用。如：some time, much time, ten years of hard work 等。可说It cost him ten years of work. 不可说It cost him ten years to work.(3) take 表示“花费”时，其主语一般是“一件事”，有时主语也可以是人，它说明事情完成“花费了”。 It took me ten minutes to go to the post office.到邮局用去了我十分钟时间。/ The producer took two years to ma
65、ke the film. 制片商用了两年时间拍这部新影片。 说明 take.to do sth. 句型侧重完成该动作花费的时间，而spend.doing sth. 有时并不说明动作的完成。It took him an hour to read the book.他用一小时读完了这本书。/ He spent an hour (in) reading the book.他用了一小时读这本书。(是否读完并未说明) (4) pay 的基本意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可 以是“人”、“钱”。He paid the taxi and hurried to the station. 他付了出租车的钱，
66、急忙向车站赶去。Well pay you in a few days. 几天后我们会给你钱。 (5) pay for的宾语为“物”、“事”，for 表示支付的原因。 Youll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.你得每周付给我十美元饭钱。 注意(1)下面两句中pay for的意义不同。Of course we have to pay for what we buy.当然我们买东西得付钱。Dont worry about money. Ill pay for you. 别担心钱，我会替你付的。 (2) pay the bill 付账
67、；pay taxes 纳税；pay wages 发工资 以上pay后不能加for2. agree with, agree to, agree on (1) agree with 的意思是“同意”，“赞成”。后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词或代词作宾语。Does she agree with us? 她同意我们的意见吗? agree with 还有“与一致”，“(气候、食物等)适 合”的意思。His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。Too much meat doesnt agree with her.吃太多肉食对她身体不合适。 注意agr
68、ee with不能用于被动语态。 (2) agree to 意为“同意”，“赞成”，后面跟表示“提议”，“办法”，“计划”，“安排”等的名词或代词。Please agree to this arrangement.请同意这个安排。 (3) agree on 表示“对取得一致意见”，指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或是达成了某种协议。After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论，双方就停火问题达成了协议。3. common, ordinary, usual, normal (1) common“常见的，普遍的”(即“
69、司空见惯的”意思) common names 常见的名字；common mistakes 常犯的错误；common sense 常识；common event 普通(平凡)的事件；common use 普遍用法 common 还有“共同的”意思。common interest 共同的兴趣；common language 共同语言；common market共同市场；common purpose 共同目标 短语have much / a lot in common 有很多共同之处have nothing / little in common 没有共同之处 (2) ordinary 普通的，平凡的
70、(强调“平淡无奇”) an ordinary worker 一个普通工人；ordinary-looking 相貌平常的 (3) usual 通常的，惯常的(强调“遵循常例”) It is a usual thing with him. 这件事他习以为常。 短语as usual像往常一样；it is usual for sb. to do sth. (4) normal 正常的，正规的 (即“合乎标准”) normal temperature 正常体温；normal state 正常状态 短语above / below normal 标准以上(以下)，return to normal 恢复正常4
71、. in away, in the way, by the way, by way of (1) in a way 意为“在某种程度上”，相当于in one way, in some way。 The reforms are an improvement in a way. 这些变革从某种意义上说是一种进步。 (2) in the way 挡路 A big stone is in the way. Move it away, please. 一块大石头挡在路上，请把它搬开。 (3) by the way 顺便问一下，在途中 They stopped for a rest by the way.
72、 他们途中停下来休息一下。 By the way, could you show me the way to the station? 顺便问一下，你能指给我去车站的路吗? (4) by way of 途经，路经(某处)；作为，当作 He is travelling to Shenzhen by way of Beijng. 他经北京去深圳。 Lets go to the restaurant for supper by way of a change. 我们今天去饭店吃晚饭，换一下rJ味。5. first of all，above all，first，at first (1)first of
73、 all“首先，第一”，指按照时问顺序处于第 一位的。(强调顺序) First of all, we must check the number 首先，我们要核对一下数目。 First of all, let me say how glad I am to be here. 首先我要说，米到这里我是多么高兴。， (2) above all“首先，最重要的足”，相当于most important of all。(强调重要性) We must work hard, and above all we must believe that each of us is able to do somethi
74、ng well. 我们必须努力工作，尤其重要的是我们必须相信，我 们每个人都能做好一些事情。 (3) first“首先”，是从动作的先后角度来考虑的。 Beforewe go， I must first change my clothes. 在走之前我得先换衣服。 (4) at first“起初”，相当于at the beginning，含有后来 不这样了的意思。 At first I didnt like her, but now I do. 起初我不喜欢她，但现在我喜欢了。6. hurt，harm，wound，injure (I)hurt “伤害，受伤”，主要用于有生命的东西，多指 肉体方
75、面的伤害，常伴有痛感。作借喻时常指对精 神或感情方碰的伤害。hurt作不及物动词时表示 “疼痛”。 He fell off the bike and hurt his arm. 他从自行车上跌下来伤了手臂。 (2) harm “损害，伤害”，指使有生命或无生命的东西 不再完整、美丽，或像原来那样有价值。 Shes afraid that in their fight he would harm the child. 她怕他们在打架时他会伤到孩子。 (3) wound “受害，受伤”，指受袭击或暴力时所受的 伤，如刀伤，枪伤，也可以借喻为精神或感情上的创 伤。 The bullet wounde
76、d him in the leg. 子弹打伤了他的腿。 He felt wounded in his honor. 他觉得他的荣誉受到了伤害。 (4) injure2伤害，损害”，意义较广，着承指偶然事故 对人或物的容貌、内部器官、生理机能的“损害”。 John fell down from the tree and injured his back. 约翰从树上摔下来把背部摔伤lr。 I hope I didnt injure her feelings. 我希望没有伤害她的感情。【句型归纳】【考点1】Wang Mei is one of many Chinese teenagers whol
77、ive life on the go and use cellphones. 跟许多中国青少年一样，王梅使用手机享受着“移动人生”。例如：This is one of the exciting matches that I have ever seen. 注意： “one of+名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the (only / very) one of + the + 名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数。【考例1】(2002上海) He is the only one of the studentswho _ a wumer of scholarship for three years
78、. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been考查目标 主谓一致。答案与解析D 根据以上解释，排除B、C两项；根据for three years，排除A项。【考点2】Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer,since we can call for help in case of an emergency. 有了手机，我们会感到更安全，因为遇到紧急情况，我们可以随时求救。该句中in case引导状语从句。例如：Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨
79、。in case 表示“一旦；万一；以防”，后接从句；in case of后接名词；而 in case 后接从句，该句在特定的语境中可以省略。例如：Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。【考例2】(2000京、皖春招)John may phone tonight, Idont want to go out _ he phones. A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that考查目标 状语从句的连接词。答案与解析C B项引导状语从句，表示目的；D项引导状语从句。可以表
80、示目的也可以表示结果；A项引导状语从句，意思是“只要就”；C项in case表示“以防，万一”与上下文吻合。【考点3】The answer seems to be that we have a need tostay in touch with friends and family no matter where weare or what we are doing. 答案似乎是：无论我们在何处或正在干什么，我们都需要与朋友、家人一直保持联系。该句中的“no matter + 疑问词”引导让步状语从句。例如：No matter how clever you are。you must work
81、hard引导让步状语从句的no matter + 疑问词”常常可以与“疑问词 + ever互换。课文中的句子可以换成“Wherever we are or whatever we are doing.”例如：Wherever he went, he received a warm welcome. 无论他走到哪儿，都受到热烈欢迎。【考例3】(2004湖北) You should try to get a goodnights sleep _ much work you have to do. A. however 15. no matter C. although D. whatever考查目
82、标让步状语从句的连接词。答案与解析A 根据句子意思“不管你有多少工作要做。也得好好睡一晚上觉”。【考点4】.and do everything Q12 tells them to. 惟Q12的命令是从。该句中to为动词不定式省略。例如：Her parents hoped she would study chemistry, but shedidnt want to.动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语，如果是第二次出现，为了避免重复使用常常省略动词，保留to。例如：- Would you love to see the filnl with me tonight?- Id like to, but I
83、 have to do my homework.【考例4】(2000上海)- You should have thanked her before you left.- I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing it考查目标 动词不定式省略。答案与解析B mean作为“打算”讲，后接动词不定式，排除C、D两项；再依据以上解释，排除A项。 句型诠释1. The answer seems to be that we have a need to st
84、ay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we ale doing. 答案似乎是，无论我们身在何处或者正在做什么，我 们都需要跟家人和朋友保持联系。 no matter的用法 no matter是连词词组，作“无论，不管”解，常用于引 导表示让步的状语从句，常用于下列句型中： No matter whal (who, when, how, where 等). + 句子。(= whatever, whoever, whenever. + 句子) No matter how proud he was, he
85、 was afraid to face me. 无沦他多么傲慢，他还是怕面对我。 No matter whether you have time or not, you must go there. 无沦是否有时间，你都得去那儿。 在“no matter + 特殊疑问词”引导的让步状讲从句 中，要用一般式表示将来发生的动作。 No matter bow hard he works, he will never caleb up with her. 无论他如何努力工作，他从没赶上她。 “No matter + 特殊疑问词”结构引导的从句，可以 放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。 Dont ope
86、n the door, no matter who knocks it. (= No matter who knocks the door, dont open it) 不管是淮敲门，都小要开门。 No matter whose box it it, it will be kept until the owner returns. (= It will be kept until the owner returns, no matter whose box it is.) 无论是谁的箱子，都得保存到物主回米。2. The cellphone helps her do whatever she
87、wants to do. 手机帮助她做她想要做的事。 (1) whatever 引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语、 表语等。 Whatever he did was right. 凡是他做的都是正确的。 Ill send whatever is needed. 需要什么我就送什么。 【比较】whatever 和 what 引导名词性从句的区别。 whatever 相当于 anything that，语气很强，侧重泛指。 what 相当于 all that，everything that, the thing(s) that, 侧重特指。 What he said was right. 他说的
88、话是正确的。 (2) whatever 等于 no matter what 引导让步状语从 句，意为“不管”。 Whatever Wilson says, Ill post the letter. = No matter what Wilson savs, Ill post the letter. 不管威尔逊说什么，我都要寄走那封信。 链接 however = no matter how 无论怎样 whenever = no matter when 无论何时 whoever = no matter who 无论准 引导名词性从句，等于anyone who3. We human beings c
89、ould not survive without all the plants and animals around us. 如果没有周围这些动物和植物，我们人类就不会生 存下来。 句中，cannotwithout足双重否定表示肯定。 You cannot learn Chinese well without making great effort. 只有努力，你才能学好汉语。 One cannot make bricks without straw. 巧妇难为无米之炊。 There will be no rain without wind. 没有风哪有雨。4. We may be able
90、to take measures before it is too late. 现在采取措施也许为时不晚。 从属连词 before 最基本的含义足“在之前”，但 在具体的句子中，译法多种多样，如“才” “就”“没等就”等等。 He measured me before I could get in a word. 没等我插上一句话他就给我量好了尺寸。 I waited a long time before he came. 我等了很久他才来。5. Steve Jones tries to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered. 斯蒂夫
91、琼斯致力于保护动植物免遭濒危。 keepfrom doing sth.“阻止做某事” Please keeD the children from swimming in the sea. 请别让孩子们到海里游泳。 联想 stop / prevent.from.为keep.from. 的同义词组，但前者的from可以省去，而后者中的 from却不可省(如若省去from，则成为keep sb. doing sth. “使某人一直做某事”)。 Nothing can prevent her (from) doing so. 什么也不能阻止她这样做。 注意在被动语态中。三个短语中的from皆不可 以省
92、去。 提醒 若表示“阻止做某事”，sth. 作动词的宾语， 则 from 后应跟动名词的被动语态，即“阻止某事被 做”。 Nothing can stop the plan from being earried out.什么也不能阻止这项计划的实施。牛刀小试3 1. - You havent lost the ticket, have you? - _. I know its not easy to get another one at the moment. (2004 江苏) A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, Im afra
93、id so2. She is one of the new girls who _ in the kin- dergarten. (1994 上海) A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well3, You can eat food free in my restaurant _ you like. (2004 重庆) A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the s
94、treet, but his mother told him _. (NMET 1995) A. not to B. not to do C. not to it D, do not to【交际速成】【考点1】Expressing agreement and disagreement 同意与不同意(2000北京春招)- I beliece weve met somewhere before- No, _. A. it isnt the same B. it cant be true C. I dont think so D. Id rather not答案与解析C 本题主要考查同意与不同意的功
95、能用语。A、B、D三项均不合语境，C项是表示不同看法的用语。【归纳】表达同意与不同意的常见功能用语有： Sure / Certainly. Of course. AIl right. I agree. No problem. Thats a good idea. Yes, I think so. No way. (不可能) Of course not. I dont agree. I dont think so. Im afraid not.另外还有： Absolutely. Thats exactly what I was thinking. Thats a good point. That
96、s just how I see it. Thats worth thinking about. You cant be serious. Well, it depends. I would have to disagree with that. Well, Im not so sure about that.【考点2】Asking if somebody agree 询问某人是否同意(2001上海) I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _? A. dO I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they答案与解析C 本题看似考查
97、反意问句，实际上运用了询问某人是否同意的功能句式。这是一个否定转移句式。当句子主语为第一人称，谓语动词使用think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine等时。反意疑问句部分的主语和谓语动词均与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。【归纳】询问某人是否同意的常见用语有： Dont you agree?()Dont you think she is a bright student?()Dont you think so?(Hes quite old, isnt he?)Right?Yeah?(OK?(8-)Do you agree with me?(9_)1 wonder if
98、 you would agree with argument?【考点3】Talking about causes and effects谈论原因和结果-How is it that you are late for school again? A. By bus and then on foot B. Because I missed the bus C. Its quite all right D. Its far from school答案与解析B 本题主要考查表达原因和结果的用语。题干中How is it that. 意为“是什么使得(某事发生的)?”故A、C、D三项均不能用于回答所提问
99、题，只有B项符合语境。【归纳】表达原因和结果的用语有： Why.? Because of., I. As a result of. Because / As / Since. If., then. It follows that. It will lead to.牛刀小试41. - Im sorry I cant go with you. - _? Havent you agreed? A. How is it B. What is it C. Why dont you D. What do you think2.- Do you happen to have twenty dollars w
100、ith you? - _? - I want to buy a dictionary. A. How do you want it B. How much C. What for D. When can you pay me hack3. - I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her. - _. It was her fault. A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all4.- Do you think its going to rain over the weeken
101、d? - _. A. I dont believe B. I dont believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not5. - Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? - _. I love getting close to nature. A. I couldnt agree more B. Im afraid not C. I believe not D. I dont think so 精典题例( )1. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it
102、 was. (2005 天津) A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although 【解析】选A however = no matter how引导让步状语从句。( )2. - Brad was Janes brother! - _ he remlnded memHch()f Jane! (2004 浙江) A. No doubt B. Above all C. Nowonder D. Of course 【解析l选C no wonder“难怪”，因为Brad是Jane的兄弟，他经常提到Jane就没什么奇怪的了。( )3. - How long ar
103、e you staying? - I dont know _. (2004 江苏) A. Thats OK B. Never mind C. It dedends D. It doesnt matter 【解析】选C 根据上文I dont know.，可确定要选C，表示要随情况而定。( )4. - Its cloudy outside. Please takc an ubrella. - _. (2005湖南) A. Yes, take it easy B. Well, it just depends C. OK, just in case D. All right, youre welcom
104、e 【解析】选C just in case = in case it rains 带把雨伞以防下雨。( )5. The American Civil War lasted four years _ the North won in the end. (2005 广东) A. after B. when C. before D. then 【解析】选C before“过了(四年)才”。：( )6. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dared to say Bdareying C. dares say D. dared say 【解析】选A da
105、red在此是情态动词的过去式。( )7. The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (2005 全国) A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever 【解析】选C whatever引导的宾语从句。whateverhelp = any help that.。( )8. - The cars give off a great deal of waste gas into streets. - Yes. But Im sure something will be done to
106、- _ air pollution.A. reduce B. removeC. collect D. warn【解析】选A reduce pollution 减少污染。9. Although the working mother is very busy, she still _ a lot of time to her children. (NMET 2000) A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides【解析】选A devote.to为固定搭配。10. - Dad, Ive finished my assignment. - Good, and _
107、 you play or watch TV, you mustnt disturb me. ( 2003 上海)A. whenever B. whetherC. whatever D. no matter【解析】选B whether.or.引导让步状语从句；=no matter whether . or( ) 11. The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. (2005 全国)A. that B. itC. this D. him【解析】选B it作形式宾语，代替不定式
108、。 依赖、依靠、由于、因为”等意思。它引导的短语，可 以表达正面意思(近于原意“感谢”)，也可用于讽刺 口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”。)它引导的短语在 句中用作状语时，大多放在句首，但也可以置于句 末。 Thanks to your help, passed the test. 幸亏有你的帮助，我测验及格了。(正面意思)4. power, strength, force 这三个名词都有“力”的意思，但使用范围不完全相 同。power“力”，含义最广，指政治力量或能力； strength 指某人或某物所具有的内在力量，可指体 力、力气；force 也可指物质或精神力量。多指为做成 某事而使用的
109、力量，也可指武力。 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 The boy gathered his strength to get up. 那个男孩聚集力量站了起来。 It took him great force to lift the big stone. 举起那块大石头花费他很大的力气。5. real, true (1) real表示“真的”、“真实的”，“名符其实的”，指的 是事实上(客观上)存在而不是想像的。 Is this real gold? 这是真金吗? Im learning to skate on real ice. 我在真正的冰上学滑冰。 (2) tru
110、e意为“真的、真正的”，表示的是和事实及实 际情况相符合。 It is quite true. 这是真实的。 He is true to his name. 他名不虚传。 注意 true 还可作“忠实的”解。试比较： true friend (comrade，friendship) 忠实的朋友(同志，友 谊) real friend (comrade，friendship)真正的朋友(同志，友 谊) 在词组come true (实现) 和 be true 中，不能用real 来代替true。6. suchas，such as，suchthat (1) such.as.作“像那样的”，“如之类
111、的”解。such后面可跟可数名词，也可跟不可数名 词。名词前还可加其它形容词修饰。as是关系代 词，引导定语从句，as常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 等。如： I want t0 buy such books as are about science and technology. 我想买科技方面的书。(as在从句中作主语。) Dont read such books as you cant understand. 不要读你看不懂的书。(as在从句中作宾语。) Such books as this are too difficult to beginners. 这样的书对于初学者来说是太难r。(
112、as引导一个 省略的从句“as this(is)”，as在从句中作表语) (2)such as 是短语连词，意为“诸如”，“例如”，引出的 是such前面的词的同位语。如： John likes to make furniture，such as chairs and tables. 约翰喜欢做家具，如桌子和椅子之类。 (3) suchthat作“如此以致”解。that 是连词，引导结果状语从句。 The teacher asked such a difficult question that no one could answer it. (结果状语从句) 老师问了一个如此难的问题以致没人能
113、够回答。 比较 The teacher asked such a difficult question as no one could answer. (定语从句) 老师问了一个没人能够答得上来的难题。(as在从 句中作宾语) 句型诠释1. Where do you think the music comes from? 你觉得这种音乐来自何处? (1)此句子是由一个一般疑问句和一个特殊疑问句 混合而成，故称为混合疑问句。常用于这种结构的 动词有think, believe, guess, suggest, suppose, hope, say, imagine等，此类句型常用来征询对方对 某
114、事的看法、判断、意见、认识、猜测等，或者请求埘 方重述一遍。 What do you think Inade Mary so upset? 你认为是什么使玛丽如此不安? Who do you suppose would believe that story? 你认为谁会相信那个故事? How high do you,say this mountain is? 你说这山有多高? 注意此句型中一类的插入语还可以放在句尾，有 时还可以插入句中，用逗号隔开，在用法上基本相 同。 When do you think he will be back from abroad? (= When will he be back from abroad， do you think?) 你认为他什么时候会从国外回来? Which way, do you imagine, he went? 你能想出他走哪条路了吗? (2) 这种混合疑问句以know, tell, ask, hear等作谓 语动词时，其后带一般疑问句的结构，以及答语不 同，后者可以用Yes.，No.来回答，而前者则不 行，请看下面的句子：