1、Section Learning about Language一二三四一、学习下面的生词,并选择合适的词或词组完成句子1.I know you developed your business with people.What made you do that?2.Its easy to a watch but difficult to put it together again.3.The prince lived in a large and beautiful.4.The Wan Fung Art Gallery will host a joint show of oilby 10 you
2、ng and middle-aged artists.local take apart castle paintings 一二三四二、读下列谚语或名言,并标出定语从句1.He that marries for wealth sells liberty.为钱结婚,出卖自由。2.A friend is a present which you give yourself.朋友是自己送给自己的礼物。3.A critic is a man who knows the way but cant drive the car.批评家是一个知道路但不会开车的人。答案:He that marries for we
3、alth sells liberty.答案:A friend is a present which you give yourself.答案:A critic is a man who knows the way but cant drive the car.一二三四4.Science is the most important and the most beautiful thing that man ever needs.科学是人类在任何时候都需要的最重要的、最美丽的东西。答案:Science is the most important and the most beautiful thi
4、ng that man ever needs.一二三四三、将下列两个简单句合并成一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句1.My little brother likes reading Harry Potter.It is an interesting book.2.He failed in the exam.It made his parents a little disappointed.3.The old man has two sons.Both of them are doctors.答案:My little brother likes reading Harry Potter,which
5、 is an interesting book.答案:He failed in the exam,which made his parents a little disappointed.答案:The old man has two sons,both of whom are doctors.一二三四4.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase.The price of it was very reasonable.5.I have lost the book.My father bought it for my sixteenth birthday.
6、答案:Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,the price of which was very reasonable.答案:I have lost the book,which my father bought for my sixteenth birthday.一二三四四、阅读下面的幽默故事,试着找出其中的三个定语从句A Holiday from SchoolTommy was a student who hated school.He was always looking for excuses not to go to school.If
7、 he sneezed,he asked his mother to write a note saying he had a cold.If he had a headache,he asked his mother to take him to the doctor during school hours.He spent more time at home than he did at school.一二三四On the days when he did go to school,he looked for excuses to come home early.One morning h
8、e came home when the lessons were only half finished.His father,who was surprised,said,“Youve come home early.Is the school closed today?”“No,Dad,”Tommy said.“Its open.I came home early.”“How did you do that?”his father asked him.“What did you say to the teacher?”“I told her that I had a new baby br
9、other and that I had to come home and help you.”“But your mother has had twins,”his father said,“a boy and a girl.Youve got a baby brother and a baby sister.”“Yes,I know,Dad,”Tommy said.“Im saving up my baby sister for next week.”一二三四答案:1.Tommy was a student who hated school.2.On the days when he di
10、d go to school,he looked for excuses to come home early.3.His father,who was surprised,said,“Youve come home early.Is the school closed today?”121.The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Roomand removing it.那位老人看见一些德国人正在把琥珀屋拆开并搬走。考点take apart 拆开Children like taking apart toys.孩子们喜欢拆玩具。Ho
11、w dare you take apart your managers letter?你怎么敢拆开你经理的信件呢?12apart是副词,意思是“分开地,有距离地”,常与动词搭配构成短语,如:tell/know.apart区别;辨认stand apart分开站立live apart分开住I cant tell the boy and his elder brother apart.我分不清这个男孩和他的哥哥。They were asked to stand apart.他们被要求分开站立。He lives apart from his family.他与家人不住在一起。12活学活用完成句子1)你
12、能帮我拆开这台机器吗?Can you help me this machine?2)他们看起来一样,因此很难把他们区分开。They look the same,so its hard to.take aparttell them apart122.Grammar:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句考点一 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的定义1)限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉后主句的意思往往不明确。2)非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明,去掉后不会影响主句的意思,与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。如:This is the house which we bought last month.
13、这是我们上个月买的那套房子。(限制性)The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.这套房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)12考点二 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的使用1)当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词或指示代词修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如:Mr Smith,who was my teacher,retired last year.史密斯先生去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。2)非限制性定语从句还能修饰整个主句,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,此时引导词多为as或which。如:He seems not to h
14、ave grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.他似乎没领会我的意思,这使我很心烦。注意:关系代词that和关系副词why不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。12考点三as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别由as,which引导的非限制性定语从句,as和which可修饰整个主句,相当于and this或and that。as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以做主语或宾语。其区别为:1)as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。其特点为:as仍具有“正如,像,由而知,与一致”等某些做连词时的
15、含义,翻译时有时可不必译出。如:As we all know,Shakespeare is a famous writer.众所周知,莎士比亚是一位著名的作家。12在句法上,as常用作一些实义动词(如see,know,hear,watch,remember,say,tell,show,expect,guess等)的宾语,这类动词与as几乎构成了一种固定搭配。如:Einstein,as we all know(=as is well known),is a famous scientist.众所周知,爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。as 从句可以前置,而which从句则不可以前置。2)which引导
16、的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明,表明事物的状态或结果。其特点为:which此时就指前面主句所提到的这件事,常译为“这一点,这件事”等。主句与从句通常要用逗号隔开,从句只能位于被修饰的主句的后面。如:The child had a fever every night,which worried his parents very much.这个孩子每晚发烧,这使他父母非常焦急。12which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语,这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。如:I bought my sister a big toy,which(=and that)delighted he
17、r greatly.我给妹妹买了一个大玩具,这使她非常高兴。当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或从句谓语动词接的是一个复合宾语结构时,一般用which而不宜用as。He pretended not to know me,which I didnt understand.他假装不认识我,这是我搞不明白的。He admires everyone in his class,which I find quite strange.他羡慕班里的每一位学生,我认为这太奇怪了。12在从句中做定语或介词宾语时,要用which而不用as。如:She might come,in which case Ill ask her
18、.她可能会来,要是那样的话,我就会问她。不能省去非限制性定语从句中的be动词时,用which(反之则用as)。试比较:Jane told me she won the match,which was a lie.(was 不可省略)简告诉我她赢得了比赛,这是一个谎言。As(was)planned,we met at the airport.(可省略was)正如计划的那样,我们在机场见面。12考点四 巧记定语从句规则定语从句的规则比较零碎、复杂,下面教给大家一种巧妙的记忆方法:定(语)从(句)规则并不难,只要记住三个三。三个三是指:三允许,三必须,三不能。121212活学活用语法填空(1)(20
19、16 江苏高考改编)Many young people,most of were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2)(2016 北京高考改编)I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.(3)(2015安徽高考改编)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.(4)(2015四川高考改编)The b
20、ooks on the desk,covers are shiny,are prizes for us.(5)(2015北京高考改编)Opposite is St.Pauls Church,you can hear some lovely music.12whosewhichwherewhom whose(6)(2015福建高考改编)China Today attracts a worldwide readership,shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(7)(2015浙江高
21、考改编)Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(8)Wind power(风能)is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.129)is known to all,the sun rises in the east.10)Peter has many friends,few can help him.11)is often the case in science,there is no simple ans
22、wer.12)Thats the new machine parts are too small to be seen.whichwhereto whichAsof whomAswhose1214)Julie was good at German,French and Russian,all of she spoke fluently.15)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt,is a stupid thing to do in such weather.16)The boy won first pri
23、ze,made his parents happy.17)Hes the famous scientist will give us a lecture next Thursday.18)A good teacher is one students not only respect him but also love him.19)On my way to work I met the girl about you told us yesterday.whichwhichwhichwho/thatwhosewhom13)The school shop,customers are mainly
24、students,is closed for the holidays.whose1221)At last the policeman found the man wallet was stolen on the bus.22)The river flows slowly around our farm is shallow(浅的)and clear.23)The papers the policemen were searching for have been discovered here.24)New York was the first city to she has ever been in her life.25)The house is not the one it was when we lived in it.whosewhich/thatthat/which/不填whichthat20)I still remember the sweet girl helped us a lot.who/that